Papal primacy - Knowledge

2696:

is essential to its mission, is nonetheless open to a new situation. For a whole millennium Christians were united in ‘a brotherly fraternal communion of faith and sacramental life … If disagreements in belief and discipline arose among them, the Roman See acted by common consent as moderator’. In this way the primacy exercised its office of unity. When addressing the Ecumenical Patriarch His Holiness Dimitrios I, I acknowledged my awareness that, ‘…what should have been a service sometimes manifested itself in a very different light. … I constantly pray the Holy Spirit to shine his light upon us, enlightening all the Pastors and theologians of our Churches, that we may seek – together, of course – the forms in which this ministry may accomplish a service of love recognized by all concerned’. “This is an immense task, which we cannot refuse and which I cannot carry out by myself. Could not the real but imperfect communion existing between us persuade Church leaders and their theologians to engage with me in a patient and fraternal dialogue on this subject, a dialogue in which, leaving useless controversies behind, we could listen to one another, keeping before us only the will of Christ for his Church and allowing ourselves to be deeply moved by his plea ‘that they may all be one … so that the world may believe that you sent me’ (Jn 17.21)?” )(para 95) “The Catholic Church … holds that the communion of the particular Churches with the Church of Rome, and of their Bishops with the Bishop of Rome, is – in God’s plan – an essential requisite for full and visible communion. Indeed, full communion, of which the Eucharist is the highest sacramental manifestation, need to be visibly expressed in a ministry in which all the Bishops recognize that they are united in Christ and all the faithful find confirmation for their faith. The first part of the Acts of the Apostles presents Peter as the one who speaks in the name of the apostolic group and who serves the unity of the community – all the while respecting the authority of James, the head of the Church in Jerusalem.” (para 97)

259:, the union of his two natures in a single person developed as the result of drawing out from the original revealed truth consequences that were not obvious at first: "Thanks to the assistance of the Holy Spirit, the understanding of both the realities and the words of the heritage of faith is able to grow in the life of the Church 'through the contemplation and study of believers who ponder these things in their hearts'; it is in particular 'theological research deepens knowledge of revealed truth'". Accordingly, it would be a mistake to expect to find the modern fully developed doctrine of papal primacy in the first centuries, thereby failing to recognize the Church's historical reality. The figure of the pope as leader of the worldwide church developed over time, as the figure of the bishop as leader of the local church seems to have appeared later than in the time of the apostles. 1011:, the Anglican Church has never abandoned a possible role for the Roman primacy, so long as the ministry of the Bishop of Rome is rightly understood, interpreted, and implemented. The ministry of the Bishop of Rome should not be an obstacle, but rather should function as a possible instrument of ultimate Christian unity. Orthodox Anglicanism today acknowledges that the ministry of the papacy is evolving rapidly and could someday be received by the Anglican Church as means tending toward the reconciliation of all Churches. A de facto recognition of the historic papal ministry already exists within the Anglican Communion, which has consistently maintained throughout her history that the Roman Pontiff possesses a station of primus inter pares, ‘first amongst equals,’ a primacy of honour and reverence, though not of jurisdiction or personal infallibility. 1487:"Victor, who presided over the church at Rome, immediately attempted to cut off from the common unity the parishes of all Asia, with the churches that agreed with them, as heterodox; and he wrote letters and declared all the brethren there wholly excommunicate. But this did not please all the bishops. And they besought him to consider the things of peace, and of neighborly unity and love. Words of theirs are extant, sharply rebuking Victor. Among them was Irenæus, who, sending letters in the name of the brethren in Gaul over whom he presided, maintained that the mystery of the resurrection of the Lord should be observed only on the Lord's day. He fittingly admonishes Victor that he should not cut off whole churches of God which observed the tradition of an ancient custom." 453:

all refer not simply to the historical Peter, but to his successors to the end of time. Today, scriptural scholars of all traditions agree that we can discern in the New Testament an early tradition which attributes a special position to Peter among Christ's twelve apostles. The Church built its identity on them as witnesses, and responsibility for pastoral leadership was not restricted to Peter. In Matthew 16:19, Peter is explicitly commissioned to "bind and loose"; later, in Matthew 18:18, Christ directly promises all the disciples that they will do the same. Similarly, the foundation upon which the Church is built is related to Peter in Matthew 16:16, and to the whole apostolic body elsewhere in the New Testament (cf. Eph. 2:10).

3106:"He has given, therefore, the keys to His Church, that whatsoever it should bind on earth might be bound in heaven, and whatsoever it should loose on earth might be, loosed in heaven; that is to say, that whosoever in the Church should not believe that his sins are remitted, they should not be remitted to him; but that whosoever should believe and should repent, and turn from his sins, should be saved by the same faith and repentance on the ground of which he is received into the bosom of the Church. For he who does not believe that his sins can be pardoned, falls into despair, and becomes worse as if no greater good remained for him than to be evil, when he has ceased to have faith in the results of his own repentance." 2971:"He has given, therefore, the keys to His Church, that whatsoever it should bind on earth might be bound in heaven, and whatsoever it should loose on earth might be, loosed in heaven; that is to say, that whosoever in the Church should not believe that his sins are remitted, they should not be remitted to him; but that whosoever should believe and should repent, and turn from his sins, should be saved by the same faith and repentance on the ground of which he is received into the bosom of the Church. For he who does not believe that his sins can be pardoned, falls into despair, and becomes worse as if no greater good remained for him than to be evil, when he has ceased to have faith in the results of his own repentance." 1584:"The East never accepted the regular jurisdiction of Rome, nor did it submit to the judgment of Western bishops. Its appeals to Rome for help were not connected with a recognition of the principle of Roman jurisdiction but were based on the view that Rome had the same truth, the same good. The East jealously protected its autonomous way of life. Rome intervened to safeguard the observation of legal rules, to maintain the orthodoxy of faith and to ensure communion between the two parts of the church, the Roman see representing and personifying the West...In according Rome a ‘primacy of honour’, the East avoided basing this primacy on the succession and the still living presence of the apostle Peter. A 1104:

apostolic times, the Church of Rome has been recognised as the first among the local Churches, both in the East and in the West." Both sides agree that "the primacy of the see precedes the primacy of its bishops and is the source of the latter". While in the West, "the position of the bishop of Rome among the bishops was understood in terms of the position of Peter among the apostles ... the East tended rather to understand each bishop as the successor of all the apostles, including Peter"; but these rather different understandings "co-existed for several centuries until the end of the first millennium, without causing a break of communion".

3119:"...Peter, the first of the apostles, receive the keys of the kingdom of heaven for the binding and loosing of sins; and for the same congregation of saints, in reference to the perfect repose in the bosom of that mysterious life to come did the evangelist John recline on the breast of Christ. For it is not the former alone but the whole Church, that bindeth and looseth sins; nor did the latter alone drink at the fountain of the Lord's breast, to emit again in preaching, of the Word in the beginning, God with God, and those other sublime truths regarding the divinity of Christ, and the Trinity and Unity of the whole Godhead." 2984:"...Peter, the first of the apostles, receive the keys of the kingdom of heaven for the binding and loosing of sins; and for the same congregation of saints, in reference to the perfect repose in the bosom of that mysterious life to come did the evangelist John recline on the breast of Christ. For it is not the former alone but the whole Church, that bindeth and looseth sins; nor did the latter alone drink at the fountain of the Lord's breast, to emit again in preaching, of the Word in the beginning, God with God, and those other sublime truths regarding the divinity of Christ, and the Trinity and Unity of the whole Godhead." 568: 9061: 3198:"This (James) was bishop, as they say, and therefore he speaks last...There was no arrogance in the Church. After Peter, Paul speaks, and none silences him: James waits patiently; not starts up (for the next word). No word speaks John here, no word the other Apostles, but held their peace, for James was invested with the chief rule, and think it no hardship. So clean was their soul from love of glory. Peter indeed spoke more strongly, but James here more mildly: for thus it behooves one in high authority, to leave what is unpleasant for others to say, while he himself appears in the milder part." John Chrysostom 429:

bishops of Rome relied on a letter written in 416 by Innocent I to the Bishop of Gubbio, to show how subordination to Rome had been established. Since Peter was the only apostle (no mention of Paul) to have worked in the West, thus the only persons to have established churches in Italy, Spain, Gaul, Sicily, Africa, and the Western islands were bishops appointed by Peter or his successors. This being the case then, all congregations had to abide by the regulations set in Rome. This claim to primacy may have been accepted in Italy, but was not so readily accepted in the rest of the West.

1626:"Contrary to popular opinion, the word catholic does not mean "universal"; it means "whole, complete, lacking nothing." ...Thus , to confess the Church to be catholic is to say that She possesses the fullness of the Christian faith. To say, however, that Orthodox and Rome constitute two lungs of the same Church is to deny that either Church separately is catholic in any meaningful sense of the term. This is not only contrary to the teaching of Orthodoxy, it is flatly contrary to the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church, which considered itself truly catholic" 267:, who summed up his thought by saying: "Developments of Christianity are proved to have been in the contemplation of its Divine Author, by an argument parallel to that by which we infer intelligence in the system of the physical world. In whatever sense the need and its supply are a proof of design in the physical creation, in the same do gaps, if the word may be used, which occur in the structure of the original creed of the Church, make it probable that those developments, which grow out of the truths which lie around them, were intended to complete it." 656:"Christians" {7} (as well as "Catholic") and, with Alexandria, was an important early center of Christian thought. It is important to note, however, that the three main apostolic sees of the early Church (i.e. Antioch, Alexandria, and Rome) were directly related to Peter. Prior to holding the position of Bishop of Rome, Peter was the Bishop of Antioch. And his disciple, St. Mark the Evangelist, founded the church in Alexandria. Constantinople became highly important after Constantine moved his capital there in 330 AD. 419:

the part of arbiter, settling contentious issues by witnessing to the truth or falsity of whatever doctrine was put before them. Rome was truly the centre where all converged if they wanted their doctrine to be accepted by the conscience of the Church. They could not count upon success except on one condition -- that the Church of Rome had received their doctrine -- and refusal from Rome predetermined the attitude the other churches would adopt. There are numerous cases of this recourse to Rome...

3076:"This faith it is which is the foundation of the Church; through this faith the gates of hell cannot prevail against her. This is the faith which has the keys of the kingdom of heaven. Whatsoever this faith shall have loosed or bound on earth shall be loosed or bound in heaven. This faith is the Father's gift by revelation; even the knowledge that we must not imagine a false Christ, a creature made out of nothing, but must confess Him the Son of God, truly possessed of the Divine nature." 2941:"This faith it is which is the foundation of the Church; through this faith the gates of hell cannot prevail against her. This is the faith which has the keys of the kingdom of heaven. Whatsoever this faith shall have loosed or bound on earth shall be loosed or bound in heaven. This faith is the Father's gift by revelation; even the knowledge that we must not imagine a false Christ, a creature made out of nothing, but must confess Him the Son of God, truly possessed of the Divine nature." 353:, according to St. Ignatius of Antioch. This formula and the definition of the universal primacy contained in it have been aptly analyzed by Fr Afanassieff and we need not repeat his argument here. Neither can we quote here all testimonies of the fathers and the councils unanimously acknowledging Rome as the senior church and the center of ecumenical agreement. It is only for the sake of biased polemics that one can ignore these testimonies, their consensus and significance." 283:(the name of Clement was added only later), in which the Church of Rome intervenes in matters of the Church of Corinth, admonishing it in authoritative tones, even speaking in the name of God. It was only later that the expression of Saint Ignatius could be interpreted as meaning, as agreed by representatives of both the Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox Churches, that "Rome, as the Church that 'presides in love' according to the phrase of St Ignatius of Antioch ( 7799: 5815: 148: 10474: 9073: 7788: 6590: 5804: 1118: 1480:), not necessarily on Sunday. "Bishop Victor of Rome ordered synods to be held to settle the matter – an interesting early instance of synodality and indeed of popes encouraging synods – and excommunicated Polycrates of Ephesus and the bishops of Asia when their synod refused to adopt the Roman line. Victor was rebuked by Irenaeus for this severity and it seems that he revoked his sentence and that communion was preserved." 2519:, Histoire de la dédicace de Saint-Remy, a c. di J. Hourier, in La champagne benedictine. Contribution a l’année saint Benoit (480-1980), Reims 1981 (Travaux de l’Académie Nationale de Reims 160), 240. See Michele Giuseppe D'Agostino, Il Primato della Sede di Roma in Leone IX. Studio dei testi latini nella controversia greco-romana nel periodo pregregoriano, Edizioni San Paolo, Cinisello Balsamo 2008, 124-127. 366:

consciousness of the Primacy of the Roman Bishops, and of the recognition of the Primacy by the other churches appear at the end of the 1st century…St. Ignatius elevated the Roman community over all the communities using in his epistle a solemn form of address. Twice he says of it that it is the presiding community, which expresses a relationship of superiority and inferiority.

986:, but since communion with the Roman Pontiff is one of the internal constitutive principles of a particular Church, they lack something in their condition, while on the other hand the existing division means that the fullness of universality that is proper to the Church governed by the successor of St Peter and the bishops in communion with him is not now realised in history. 816:, a convert to the cause of union. In spite of a sustained campaign by Bekkos to defend the union intellectually, and vigorous and brutal repression of opponents by Michael, the vast majority of Byzantine Christians remained implacably opposed to union with the Latin "heretics". Michael's death in December 1282 put an end to the union of Lyon. His son and successor 646:"The see of blessed Peter the Apostle has the right to unbind what has been bound by sentences of any pontiffs whatever, in that it has the right to judge the whole church. Neither is it lawful for anyone to judge its judgment, seeing that canons have willed that it might be appealed to from any part of the world, but that no one may be allowed to appeal from it." 2287: 759:. However, as the pope was already dead by this time, the powers of the Legate also ceased at the moment of the pope's death; so the Legate's excommunication was technically invalid. Similarly, the ceremony of excommunication of the pope performed by Michael I was equally invalid as one cannot be posthumously excommunicated. This event resulted in the 2176:.2: the "...Church founded and organized at Rome by the two most glorious apostles, Peter and Paul; as also the faith preached to men, which comes down to our time by means of the successions of the bishops. ...The blessed apostles, then, having founded and built up the Church, committed into the hands of Linus the office of the episcopate." 625:(401-417) claimed that all major cases should be reserved to the see of Rome and wrote: "All must preserve that which Peter the prince of the apostles delivered to the church at Rome and which it has watched over until now, and nothing may be added or introduced that lacks this authority or that derives its pattern from somewhere else." 1091:, a matter that was already understood in different ways in the first millennium"; and "while the fact of primacy at the universal level is accepted by both East and West, there are differences of understanding with regard to the manner in which it is to be exercised, and also with regard to its scriptural and theological foundations". 398:(d.258) stressed the Petrine primacy as well as the unity of the Church and the importance of being in communion with the bishops. For him, "the Bishop of Rome is the direct heir of Peter, whereas the others are heirs only indirectly", and he insisted that "the Church of Rome is the root and matrix of the Catholic Church". 1634:"The body of Christ must always be equal with itself…The local church which manifests the body of Christ cannot be subsumed into any larger organisation or collectivity which makes it more catholic and more in unity, for the simple reason that the principle of total catholicity and total unity is already intrinsic to it." 464:

sense that the historical and sociological factors that influenced its development are seen as guided by the Holy Spirit. Not all Roman Catholic theologians see a special providential providence as responsible for the result, but most see the papacy, regardless of its origin, as now essential to the Church's structure.

929:, the Roman Catholic Church's teaching on the authority of the pope, bishops and councils was further elaborated. Vatican II sought to correct the unbalanced ecclesiology left behind by Vatican I. The result is the body of teaching about the papacy and episcopacy contained in the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, 601:, as was the case also when Gregory the Great recognized it as one of the four general councils, but only in its dogmatic utterances. In Roman Catholic doctrine no council, regardless of who summoned it or who presided over it, is ecumenical unless it is confirmed or at least recognized as such by the pope. 936:

Vatican II reaffirmed everything Vatican I taught about papal primacy and infallibility, but it added important points about bishops. Bishops, it says, are not "vicars of the Roman Pontiff." Rather, in governing their local churches they are "vicars and legates of Christ". Together, they form a body,

418:

This passage in Irenaeus illuminates the meaning of his remarks about the Church of Rome: if there are disputes in a local church, that church should have recourse to the Roman Church, for there is contained the Tradition which is preserved by all the churches. Rome's vocation consisted in playing

348:

It is impossible to deny that, even before the appearance of local primacies, the Church from the first days of her existence possessed an ecumenical center of unity and agreement. In the apostolic and Judeo-Christian period, it was the Church of Jerusalem, and later the Church of Rome – presiding in

1103:

The meeting in Cyprus of a joint drafting committee produced a historical account of "The Role of the Bishop of Rome in the Communion of the Church in the First Millennium", which the Vienna meeting asked to be revised and amplified. This document states that "Catholics and Orthodox agree that, from

428:

The evolution of earlier tradition established both Peter and Paul as the forefathers of the bishops of Rome, from whom they received their position as chief shepherd (Peter) and supreme authority on doctrine (Paul). To establish her primacy among the churches of the Western half of the empire, the

2695:

Ut Unum Sint, paras 95-95: “I am convinced that I have a particular responsibility …above all in acknowledging the ecumenical aspirations of the majority of the Christian Communities and in heeding the request made of me to find a way of exercising the primacy which, while in no way renouncing what

1705:

In opposition to this view, Francis Dvornik asserts that not only did Damasus offer "no protest against the elevation of Constantinople", that change in the primacy of the major sees was effected in an "altogether friendly atmosphere." According to Dvornik, "Everyone continued to regard the Bishop

1205:

It is argued that Matthew 16:18-19 does not support the authority given to Peter and that the keys were given not to Peter alone but to the whole church. Some consider that Jesus was considering the proclamation made my Peter to be the rock and foundation of the faith. Others say that even if Peter

1066:

The document "draws an analogy among the three levels of communion: local, regional, and universal, each of which appropriately has a 'first' with the role of fostering communion, in order to ground the rationale of why the universal level must also have a primacy. It articulates the principle that

463:

Because of its association with the supposed position of Peter among the Apostles, the function that within the Roman Catholic Church is exercised by the Bishop of Rome among the Bishops as a whole is referred to as the Petrine function, and is generally believed to be of divine institution, in the

262:

That the Christian scriptures, which contain no cut-and-dried answers to questions such as whether there is forgiveness for post-baptismal sins or whether infants should be baptized, gradually become clearer in the light of events is a view expressed, when considering the doctrine of papal primacy,

1182:

efforts between the Roman Catholic Church and the other Christian churches. Most Eastern Orthodox Christians, for example, would be quite willing to accord the Bishop of Rome the same respect, deference and authority as is accorded to any Eastern Orthodox patriarch, but resist granting him special

906:

Paul Collins argues that "(the doctrine of papal primacy as formulated by the First Vatican Council) has led to the exercise of untrammelled papal power and has become a major stumbling block in ecumenical relationships with the Orthodox (who consider the definition to be heresy) and Protestants."

495:

of the Roman see. Although the introduction of Christianity was not due to them, "the arrival, ministries and especially the martyrdoms of Peter and Paul were the seminal events which really constituted the Church of Rome. It was from their time, and not before, that an orderly and meetly ordained

452:

Classic Roman Catholic tradition maintained that the universal primacy of the bishop of Rome was divinely instituted by Jesus Christ. This was derived from the Petrine texts, and from the gospel accounts of Matthew (16:17‑19), Luke (22:32) and John (21:15‑17) according to the Roman tradition, they

339:

While the doctrine of the primacy of the Bishop of Rome, in the form in which it is upheld today in the Roman Catholic Church, developed over the course of centuries often in reaction to challenges made against exercises of authority by popes, writers both of East and West declare that from a very

225:" ("first among equals"), without effective power over other churches, while others see primacy as indeed power, the expression, manifestation and realization in one bishop of the power of all the bishops, an expression and manifestation of the unity not just of the churches but of the Church. The 637:

in 451. In line with the norm of Roman law that a person's legal rights and duties passed to his heir, Pope Leo (440-461) taught that he, as Peter's representative, succeeded to the power and authority of Peter, and he implied that it was through Peter that the other apostles received from Christ

604:

The increasing involvement of Eastern emperors in church matters and the advancement of the see of Constantinopolis over the sees of Antioch, Alexandria and Jerusalem led successive bishops of Rome to attempt a sharper definition of their ecclesial position vis-a-vis the other bishops. The first

278:

addressed to it in the first years of the 2nd century, contains a definition of that Church's universal primacy; but the Roman Catholic writer Klaus Schatz warns that it would be wrong to read as statements of the developed Roman Catholic teaching on papal primacy this letter and the even earlier

940:

In a key passage about collegiality, Vatican II teaches: "The order of bishops is the successor to the college of the apostles in their role as teachers and pastors, and in it the apostolic college is perpetuated. Together with their head, the Supreme Pontiff, and never apart from him, they have

937:

a "college," whose head is the pope. This episcopal college is responsible for the well-being of the Universal Church. Here in a nutshell are the basic elements of the Council’s much-discussed communio ecclesiology, which affirms the importance of local churches and the doctrine of collegiality.

443:

The presence of Peter in Rome, not explicitly affirmed in but consistent with the New Testament, is explicitly affirmed by Clement of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch, Irenaeus of Lyon and other early Christian writers. and no other city has ever claimed to be the place of his death. The same witnesses

1646:

It is the position of Orthodox Christianity that Roman Catholic arguments in support of the teaching have relied on proofs from Fathers that have either been misinterpreted or so taken out of context as to misrepresent their true intent. It is the position of Orthodox Christianity that a closer

910:

Forced to break off prematurely by secular political developments in 1870, Vatican I left behind it a somewhat unbalanced ecclesiology. "In theology the question of papal primacy was so much in the foreground that the Church appeared essentially as a centrally directed institution which one was

237:

In 2007, representatives of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church jointly stated that both East and West accept the fact of the Bishop of Rome's primacy at the universal level, but that differences of understanding exist about how the primacy is to be exercised and about its

596:

in the following year 382 protested against this raising of the bishop of the new imperial capital, just fifty years old, to a status higher than that of the bishops of Alexandria and Antioch, and stated that the primacy of the Roman see was established by no gathering of bishops but by Christ

3178:

This James, whom the early Christians surnamed the Righteous because of his outstanding virtue, was the first, as the records tell us, to be elected to the Episcopal throne of the Jerusalem church. Clement, in Outlines Book VI, puts it thus: "Peter, James, and John, after the Ascension of the

2413: 2319:

Pope Damasus offered no protest against the elevation of Constantinople, even though Alexandria had always been, in the past, in close contact with Rome. This event, which has often been considered the first conflict between Rome and Byzantium, actually took place in an altogether friendly

655:

Rome was not the only city that could claim a special role in Christ's Church. Jerusalem had the prestige of being the city of Christ's death and resurrection, and an important church council was held there in the 1st century. Antioch was the place where Jesus' followers were first called

365:

The doctrine of the primacy of the Roman Bishops, like other Church teachings and instructions, has gone through a development. Thus the establishment of the primacy recorded in the Gospels has been gradually more clearly recognized and its implications developed. Clear recognition of the

1195:

The topic of the Papacy and its authority is among the main differences between the Catholic Church and many other Christian denominations. The Bible is considered to be the sole authority on Christian doctrine and theology, and that interpretation does not lie solely with one individual

1016:"Communion with the bishop of Rome does not imply submission to an authority which would stifle the distinctive features of the local churches. The purpose of the episcopal function of the bishop of Rome is to promote Christian fellowship in faithfulness to the teaching of the apostles." 1266:

It has been argued that Church councils did not consider papal decisions binding. The Third Ecumenical Council was called, even though Pope Celestine I condemned Nestorius as a heretic which Whelton argues shows that the council did not consider the papal condemnation as definitive.

763:

of the Greek rite and Latin rite Churches. It did not have the effect of excommunicating the adherents of the respective Churches however, as the tit-for-tat excommunications, even had they been valid, would have applied to the named persons only, not the people of God in general.

898:

Vatican I defined a twofold Primacy of Peter — one in papal teaching on faith and morals (the charism of infallibility), and the other a primacy of jurisdiction involving government and discipline of the Church — submission to both being necessary to Catholic faith and salvation.

3093:) the Son of thunder, the beloved of Christ, the pillar of the Churches throughout the world, who holds the keys of heaven, who drank the cup of Christ, and was baptized with His baptism, who lay upon his Master’s bosom, with much confidence, this man now comes forward to us now" 2958:) the Son of thunder, the beloved of Christ, the pillar of the Churches throughout the world, who holds the keys of heaven, who drank the cup of Christ, and was baptized with His baptism, who lay upon his Master’s bosom, with much confidence, this man now comes forward to us now" 575:

The event that is often considered to have been the first conflict between Rome and Constantinople was triggered by the elevation of the see of Constantinople to a position of honour, second only to Rome on the grounds that, as capital of the eastern Roman empire, it was now the

2396:"Paschasinus, the most reverend bishop and legate of the Apostolic See, stood up in the midst with his most reverend colleagues and said: We received directions at the hands of the most blessed and apostolic bishop of the Roman city, which is the head of all the churches, ..." ( 1467:

The ruling of the Council was expressed as being the decision of all the council, not just Peter. Continuing with this the opening statements of official formulations normally begins with the phrase "Following the Holy Fathers", not "Following the ruling of the Pope."

378:, to explain the fact of this generally recognized presiding or primatial position of the Church of Rome. The Church of Rome also appealed to it as justification for certain actions that it took in relation to other Churches, actions that often met with resistance. 2097: 1056: 1094:

Discussions continued in Aghios Nikolaos, Crete (a drafting committee) in September–October 2008, Paphos, Cyprus in October 2009 and Vienna, Austria in September 2010. Igumen Filipp Ryabykh, the deputy head of the MP Department for External Church Relations said

1170:

Stephen Ray asserts that "There is little in the history of the Church that has been more heatedly contested than the primacy of Peter and the See of Rome. History is replete with examples of authority spurned, and the history of the Church is no different."

3261:

Joint Coordinating Committee for the Theological Dialogue between the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church (Aghios Nikolaos, Crete, Greece, 27 September - 4 October 2008), "The Role of the Bishop of Rome in the Communion of the Church in the First

891:, the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church of Christ of Vatican Council I. This document declares that “in the disposition of God the Roman church holds the preeminence of ordinary power over all the other churches.” This council also affirmed the dogma of 10501: 1067:

primacy and conciliarity are interdependent and mutually necessary." Speaking of "fraternal relations between bishops" during the first millennium, it states that "these relations, among the bishops themselves, between the bishops and their respective

390:(254-257). The timing of the claim is significant, for it was made during the worst of the tumults of the third century. There were several persecutions during this century which hit the Church of Rome hard; Stephen himself and his immediate successor 811:

The council was seemingly a success, but did not provide a lasting solution to the schism; the Emperor was anxious to heal the schism, but the Eastern clergy proved to be obstinate. Patriarch Joseph of Constantinople abdicated, and was replaced by

1099:"The fact that the Pope of Rome claims universal jurisdiction is simply contrary to Orthodox ecclesiology, which teaches that the Orthodox Church, whilst preserving unity of faith and church order, nevertheless consists of several Local Churches" 1079:) witnessed by the ancient Church, nourished and consolidated ecclesial communion. It notes that both sides agree "that Rome, as the church that 'presides in love' according to the phrase of St Ignatius of Antioch, occupied the first place in the 902:

Vatican I rejected the ideas that papal decrees have "no force or value unless confirmed by an order of the secular power" and that the pope’s decisions can be appealed to an ecumenical council "as to an authority higher than the Roman Pontiff."

1003:(ARCIC) statement of Venice (1976) states that the ministry of the bishop of Rome among his brother bishops was "interpreted" as Christ's will for his Church; its Importance was compared "by analogy" to the position of Peter among the apostles. 1751:

The question of the primacy of the Roman pope has been and remains, together with the question of the Filioque, one of the main causes of separation between the Latin Church and the Orthodox churches and one of the principal obstacles to their

941:

supreme and full authority over the Universal Church; but this power cannot be exercised without the agreement of the Roman Pontiff". Much of the present discussion of papal primacy is concerned with exploring the implications of this passage.

3063:"What, now, (has this to do) with the Church, and) your (church), indeed, Psychic? For, in accordance with the person of Peter, it is to spiritual men that this power will correspondently appertain, either to an apostle or else to a prophet." 2928:"What, now, (has this to do) with the Church, and) your (church), indeed, Psychic? For, in accordance with the person of Peter, it is to spiritual men that this power will correspondently appertain, either to an apostle or else to a prophet." 1183:

authority over all Christians. Many Protestants are quite willing to grant the pope a position of special moral leadership, feel that according to the pope any more formal authority than that would conflict with the Protestant principle of

679:(440-461), with the aid of Roman law, solidified this doctrine by making the bishop of Rome the legal heir of Peter. Leo argued that the apostle Peter continued to speak to the Christian community through his successors as bishop of Rome. 675:) asserts that every bishop of Rome, as Peter’s successor, possesses the full authority granted to this position and that this power is inviolable on the grounds that it was established by God himself and so not bound to any individual. 558:

proclaimed the Roman bishop as "Rector of the whole Church". The Emperor Justinian, who was living in the East in Constantinople, in the 6th century published a similar decree. These proclamations did not create the office of the pope.

233:

united with the pope. The power that it attributes to the pope's primatial authority has limitations that are official, legal, dogmatic, and practical, and "it is an error to think that every word uttered by the Pope is infallible".

3149:"How the Church? Why, to her it was said, "To thee I will give the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatsoever thou shall loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven, and whatsoever thou shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven." 3014:"How the Church? Why, to her it was said, "To thee I will give the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatsoever thou shall loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven, and whatsoever thou shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven." 444:

imply that Peter was the virtual founder of the Church of Rome, though not its founder in the sense of initiating a Christian community there. They also speak of Peter as the one who initiated its episcopal succession, but speak of

246:

The Roman Catholic Church accepts that "the New Testament texts offer no sufficient basis for papal primacy" and that they contain "no explicit record of a transmission of Peter's leadership".. It considers that its doctrine has a

2706:

North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation, "A Common Response to the Joint International Commission for the Theological Dialogue Between the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church Regarding the Ravenna

1047:, John Paul II asked the ‘pastors and theologians’ of ‘our Churches’ – i.e., the RC and the Orthodox Church – to come up with suggestions about how the primacy could be exercised in ways that would unite rather than divide. 528:

gave approval to a church arrangement whereby the bishops of an imperial province were headed by the bishop (known as the "metropolitan") of the principal city. This added to the power of the bishops of important cities.

629:(418-422) stated that the church of Rome stood to the churches throughout the world "as the head to the members", a statement that seems to have been already made by Pope Siricius and was repeated by the delegates of 5851: 597:

himself. Thomas Shahan says that, according to Photius too, Pope Damasus approved the council, but he adds that, if any part of the council were approved by this pope, it could have been only its revision of the

406:" (the see of the Apostle Peter). To uphold its primacy, the prestige of the city itself was no longer sufficient, but in the doctrine of apostolic succession (from Peter) the popes had an unassailable position. 299:

In the history of the East and of the West, at least until the ninth century, a series of prerogatives was recognised, always in the context of conciliarity, according to the conditions of the times, for the

2528:

Michele Giuseppe D'Agostino, Il Primato della Sede di Roma in Leone IX (1049-1054). Studio dei testi latini nella controversia greco-romana nel periodo pregregoriano, Edizioni San Paolo, Cinisello Balsamo

820:

repudiated the union, and Bekkos was forced to abdicate, being eventually exiled and imprisoned until his death in 1297. He is to this day reviled by many in the Eastern Church as a traitor to Orthodoxy.

1059:, a joint commission of Orthodox and Catholic theologians, agreed that the pope has primacy among all bishops of the Church, something which has been universally acknowledged by both churches since the 549:

The power of the Bishop of Rome increased as the power of the Emperors gradually diminshed and the imperial authorities tried to bolster their waning power with religious support. Edicts of the Emperor

1531: 1542:

Disagreements with directives of the popes by groups and high-ranking individuals of Roman Catholic tradition are by no means limited to past centuries. A well-known continuing example is that of the

229:

attributes to the primacy in question as involving "full, supreme, and universal power over the whole Church, a power which he can always exercise unhindered", a power that it attributes also to

2506:

J. Hortal Sanchez, De initio potestatis primatialis Romani Pontificis. Investigatio historico-juridica a tempore Sancti Gregori Magni usque ad tempus Clementis V, Analecta Gregoriana, Roma 1965.

1377:- wrote an appeal for help to three western churchmen. While one of these was the bishop of Rome, had Rome exercised primacy at that time, he would not have written to the other two bishops. 537:

The bishops of Rome sent letters which, though largely ineffectual, provided historical precedents which were subsequently used by supporters of papal primacy. These letters were known as ‘

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leader of the entire church. All bishops are equal 'as Peter' therefore every church under every bishop (consecrated in apostolic succession) is fully complete (the original meaning of

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in St John's Church, where both sides took part. The council declared that the Roman church possessed “the supreme and full primacy and authority over the universal Catholic Church.”

1526:

Decisions taken by popes in cases involving against bishops have often been confirmed by ecumenical councils. This indicates that the papal decision itself is not considered binding.

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as the first "bishop", while it is commonly held today that the Christians in Rome did not act a single united community under a single leader until some time in the 2nd century.

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documented use of the description of Saint Peter as first bishop of Rome, rather than as the apostle who commissioned its first bishop, dates from 354, and the phrase "the

1571: 1223: 1087:(first) among the patriarchs. They disagree, however, on the interpretation of the historical evidence from this era regarding the prerogatives of the bishop of Rome as 2717: 10521: 8738: 6999: 4083: 1895:"It is not a greater difficulty that St. Ignatius did not write to the Asian Greeks about Popes, than that St. Paul did not write to the Corinthians about Bishops" ( 1969: 1849: 7835: 5498: 1647:

examination of those supposed supports would have the effect of either not supporting the argument or have the opposite effect of supporting the counter-argument.

1206:

is the "rock", it does not support exclusive authority and Peter himself believed Jesus to be the cornerstone of the church (1 Peter 2:7). It is noted that at the

1308:

Each bishop has the right to decide affairs within his local church. In the event of a dispute with another bishop, only a general council may rule on the matter.

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for gentiles.) Catholic historians note that when Peter spoke, all were silent. However Whelton notes that when Paul and James spoke, all were silent as well.

714: 215:, differences in interpretation of this doctrine have been and remain the primary causes of schism between the Western and Eastern Orthodox churches. In the 3292: 7034: 5418: 2782: 2624: 2215: 718: 659:

As early as the 2nd century, the bishop of Rome began to claim his supremacy over all other bishops, and some church fathers also made this claim for him.

1896: 6353: 4516: 1763: 1809: 8389: 7869: 2143: 402:(366-384) was the first pope to claim that the primacy of the Church of Rome rested on Peter alone, and the first to refer to the Roman church as "the 2082: 8764: 6294: 5864: 4983: 541:’ from at least the time of Siricius (384-399) to Leo I provided general guidelines to follow which later would become incorporated into canon law. 324:

among the patriarchs. This distinction of levels does not diminish the sacramental equality of every bishop or the catholicity of each local Church.

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There existed a difference in how some local churches celebrated Easter: in the Roman province of Asia it was celebrated on the 14th of the moon (

5304: 970:

in the sacrament of orders are not "Churches" in the proper sense. The Eastern Christian Church that are not in communion with Rome, such as the

3336:

Carlton, C., (1999), "The Truth: What Every Roman Catholic Should know about the Orthodox Church", (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA), p22.

1729:

The Petrine ministry: Catholics and Orthodox in dialogue : academic symposium held at the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity

1443: 2200: 1915: 9128: 8149: 7876: 7502: 6625: 5696: 5483: 4486: 3823: 621:(384-399) began the custom of issuing papal decretals to which was attributed the same authority as that of decisions by synods of bishops. 7828: 5908: 4366: 3179:

Saviour, did not claim pre-eminence because the Saviour had especially honored them, but chose James the Righteous as Bishop of Jerusalem.

10516: 9181: 8422: 7915: 5035: 4778: 4316: 3385:(Political Theory, Theology, and Ecclesiastical Relations with the See of Rome, Ashgate Publications, Variorum Collected Studies Series). 2561: 2185: 1243:

the keys were given not only to Peter but to all the Apostles equally. Such an interpretation, it is claimed, has been accepted by many

895:, deciding that the “infallibility” of the Christian community extended to the pope himself, at least when speaking on matters of faith. 3603:

Ray, S. K., (1999) Upon this rock: St. Peter and the primacy of Rome in scripture and the early church, (Ignatius Press; San Francisco).

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of each of the five patriarchates, with regard to the metropolitans of each circumscription; and universally, for the bishop of Rome as

9103: 8804: 8103: 7458: 5691: 4720: 4623: 3153:. Homily X.10 cited in Whelton, M., (1998) Two Paths: Papal Monarchy - Collegial Tradition, (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA), p28 3018:. Homily X.10 cited in Whelton, M., (1998) Two Paths: Papal Monarchy - Collegial Tradition, (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA), p28 2158: 959: 797:, Gregory X had sent an embassy to Michael VIII Palaeologus, who had reconquered Constantinople, putting an end to the remnants of the 833:

began preaching against several practices in the Catholic Church, including some itinerant friars' abuses involving indulgences. When

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or primacy attaches to Paul, then it is not from his co-foundation of the church of Rome that the Roman Pontiff claims primacy.

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also broke away from the Catholic Church at this time, although for reasons different than Martin Luther and the Protestants.

122: 9096: 7470: 5949: 5944: 5635: 5583: 4215: 3656: 2844: 2484: 2368: 1880: 1737: 1029:, to the Vatican, Runcie appealed to Anglicans to consider accepting papal primacy in a reunified church. At the same time, 609:", which refers to the same apostle, began to be used exclusively of the see of Rome, a usage found also in the Acts of the 8061: 7957: 7595: 6096: 5573: 5309: 3827: 3762: 2638: 1464:

said that it was James who stated the decision of the Council, not Peter. John Chrysostom noted James made the decision.

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atmosphere. Everyone continued to regard the Bishop of Rome as the first bishop of the Empire, and the head of the church.

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Joint Coordinating Committee for the Theological Dialogue between the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church,

1157: 190: 10141: 8864: 8344: 8234: 7763: 5898: 5769: 5317: 5070: 5015: 4880: 4615: 4611: 4356: 4141: 4088: 3039:

Whelton, M., (1998) Two Paths: Papal Monarchy - Collegial Tradition, (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA), p.59.

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Whelton, M., (1998) Two Paths: Papal Monarchy - Collegial Tradition, (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA), p.36

1060: 923:(1962–1965) the debate on papal primacy and authority re-emerged, and in the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church 581: 157: 77: 26: 3721:

Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, "The Primacy of the Successor of Peter in the Mystery of the Church"

2515:

Mansi, Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, ed. G. D. Mansi, Firenze-Venezia 1759-1789, XIX, 738;

1063:

in 381 (when they were still one Church) though disagreements about the extent of his authority still continue.

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In later times, theories of various kinds were advanced, most notably that of an analogy with the position of

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refused to support Luther’s position, Luther claimed belief in an "invisible church" and called the pope the

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The claims of Constantinople compelled Rome to move further along the road to a fully efficacious primacy...

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First of all, a balanced position concerning the question about the primacy in the church must be accepted.

1638:

Any changes to the understanding of the church would reflect a change in the understanding of the Trinity.

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Popes and Patriarchs: An Orthodox Perspective on Roman Catholic Claims, (Concillar Press; Ben Lomond, CA).

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Writers such as Nicholas Afanassieff and Alexander Schmemann have declared that the phrase "presiding in

219:, some understand the primacy of the Bishop of Rome to be merely one of greater honour, treating him as " 2705: 2682: 10217: 10156: 9119: 8907: 7932: 7715: 7677: 7164: 6237: 5598: 5396: 5050: 4702: 4668: 4627: 1509: 751:

The dispute about the authority of Roman bishops reached a climax in the year 1054, when the legate of

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Crisis in Byzantium: The Filioque Controversy and the Patriarchate of Gregory II of Cyprus (1283-1289)

3303: 3215:"But observe how Peter does everything with the common consent; nothing imperiously." John Chrysostom 2739: 8966: 8668: 7979: 7758: 7748: 7710: 7465: 7275: 7243: 7197: 7174: 6515: 5888: 5788: 5734: 5405: 5355: 5045: 5000: 4108: 1395: 1391: 1240: 1233: 1232:("first among equals") . Many theologians also believe that Peter is the 'rock' referred to by Jesus 962:

reiterated that, in the view of the Roman Catholic Church, the Christian communities born out of the

817: 614: 1394:. However other texts may be interpreted to imply that the other Apostles also received the keys in 567: 340:

early period the Church of Rome was looked to as the centre of reference for the whole Church. Thus

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Church unity and the papal office: an ecumenical dialogue on John Paul II's Encyclical Ut Unum Sint

2576: 782: 588:, however, shall have the prerogative of honour after the Bishop of Rome because Constantinople is 280: 460:

was the first to make appeal to the primacy of Peter as a basis for the Bishop of Rome's primacy.

10242: 10186: 10106: 9502: 8417: 8273: 8000: 7423: 7157: 7062: 6951: 6901: 6758: 6675: 6650: 6282: 5739: 5371: 5332: 5299: 4745: 4725: 4593: 4471: 4421: 4200: 4001: 3941: 1681: 1492: 1128: 971: 525: 248: 216: 84: 33: 3435:

After Nine Hundred Years – The Background of the Schism between the Eastern and Western Churches

2397: 1546:, which acknowledges the primacy of the pope but refuses to accept papal decrees concerning the 10327: 10292: 10126: 9745: 9246: 8888: 8774: 8487: 7743: 7334: 7192: 7134: 7025: 7004: 6769: 6594: 6310: 5808: 5749: 5744: 5378: 5184: 5105: 5030: 4910: 4588: 4476: 4416: 4093: 3981: 3742: 3260: 1676: 1607:

of the church. It is not defined by adherence to any particular See. It is the position of the

1555: 1551: 1433: 1008: 963: 920: 845: 778: 438: 161: 10161: 10121: 10081: 3578:

The Christian East and the Rise of the Papacy', (St Vladimir’s Seminary Press; Crestwood, NY).

3456:

Papalism: A Treatise on the Claims on the Papacy as set forth in the Encyclical Satis cognitum

2793: 2771: 2358: 1727: 10252: 10171: 10040: 10035: 9985: 9462: 9305: 9154: 8784: 8769: 8482: 8339: 8246: 8046: 8029: 7942: 7886: 7802: 7401: 7127: 6936: 6839: 6794: 6723: 5513: 5340: 4765: 4546: 4411: 4257: 3963: 3901: 3860: 3845: 3734: 2669: 2474: 2241: 1656: 1543: 861: 509: 10297: 8834: 1598: 617:("You are Peter and on this rock I will build my church") is used to support Roman primacy. 10428: 10398: 10347: 10025: 9910: 9840: 9630: 9605: 9585: 9565: 9527: 9522: 9487: 9369: 9263: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8943: 8870: 8713: 8673: 8492: 8394: 8369: 8308: 8113: 8088: 8024: 7623: 7573: 7558: 7435: 7144: 7044: 6994: 6989: 6946: 6906: 6834: 6277: 6198: 6118: 6010: 5988: 5903: 4917: 4886: 4783: 4664: 4578: 4458: 4361: 4078: 4073: 3996: 3946: 3877: 3855: 3559: 1824: 1588:

was achieved which lasted, albeit with crises, down to the middle of the eleventh century."

1461: 1427: 1207: 1187:, i.e., that there can be no intermediaries between a Christian and God except for Christ. 967: 760: 756: 634: 610: 492: 10413: 9945: 3245: 2264: 1562:

Professor John J. Paris disregarded a papal directive on euthanasia as lacking authority.

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At a joint service during the first official visit of the then Archbishop of Canterbury,

983: 892: 873: 395: 341: 275: 63: 10448: 9905: 848:, during which numerous Protestant sects broke away from the Roman Catholic Church. The 10478: 10418: 10030: 9970: 9940: 9855: 9850: 9719: 9615: 9512: 9492: 9452: 9394: 9359: 9354: 9198: 9077: 8854: 8623: 8547: 8515: 8334: 8303: 8140: 8128: 7989: 7927: 7667: 7613: 7524: 7514: 7305: 7220: 7169: 6779: 6123: 5726: 5543: 4401: 4393: 4136: 3837: 3804: 3293:

A Statement of Reservations Concerning the Impending Beatification of Pope John Paul II

2039: 1630:

The church is in the image of the Trinity and reflects the reality of the incarnation.

1505: 1407: 1252: 975: 804:

On 29 June (Feast of Peter & Paul patronal feast of popes), Gregory X celebrated a

230: 221: 207:

is an ecclesiastical doctrine concerning the respect and authority that is due to the

10212: 9870: 9771: 8643: 2901:"Peter's Primacy in the New Testament and the Early Tradition" in The Primacy of Peter 2173: 1438: 1298: 10408: 10393: 10282: 10146: 10086: 10020: 10015: 10010: 9931: 9900: 9880: 9766: 9724: 9704: 9620: 9580: 9555: 9444: 9414: 9364: 9349: 9023: 8928: 8703: 8689: 8663: 8648: 8552: 8537: 8467: 8457: 8326: 8258: 8159: 8123: 8019: 7704: 7583: 7489: 7413: 7312: 7285: 7204: 7152: 7102: 6861: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6809: 6799: 6748: 6570: 5686: 4922: 4247: 4127: 3894: 3850: 3652: 3633: 2840: 2796:

The Role of the Bishop of Rome in the Communion of the Church in the First Millennium

2480: 2364: 1733: 1030: 264: 21: 10227: 10136: 9965: 9955: 3048: 2913: 1869: 687:

The historical and juridical development of the "primacy of the Roman Pontiff" from

10317: 10312: 10237: 10222: 10202: 9990: 9915: 9776: 9660: 9645: 9625: 9570: 9550: 9537: 9482: 9374: 9206: 8913: 8718: 8698: 8618: 8603: 8502: 8404: 8278: 8118: 8076: 8071: 8051: 8034: 7947: 7448: 7290: 7265: 6844: 6804: 6565: 6548: 6533: 6390: 6220: 6106: 5868: 5548: 5322: 5284: 5242: 5170: 5165: 5132: 4939: 4872: 4835: 4830: 4810: 4805: 4730: 4583: 4573: 4533: 4064: 3882: 3865: 3728: 3090: 2955: 2837:

Upon This Rock: St. Peter and the Primacy of Rome in Scripture and the Early Church

2626:

Responses to some questions regarding certain aspects of the doctrine on the Church

1661: 1559: 1513: 1477: 1451: 1277: 956:

Responses to some questions regarding certain aspects of the doctrine on the Church

884:, i.e., supreme, full, immediate, and universal ordinary jurisdiction of the pope. 786: 746: 513: 480: 472: 10433: 10322: 10061: 9860: 4788: 1789: 10443: 10332: 10267: 10257: 10181: 10076: 10071: 9975: 9950: 9781: 9761: 9734: 9729: 9699: 9640: 9384: 9211: 8971: 8938: 8882: 8876: 8733: 8638: 8542: 8354: 7848: 7813: 7657: 7563: 7354: 7052: 6543: 6458: 6415: 6405: 6400: 6358: 6348: 6269: 6133: 6048: 6030: 6005: 5872: 5783: 5666: 5523: 5488: 5294: 5289: 5214: 5209: 5150: 5075: 4825: 4755: 4287: 4228: 3778: 3376:

The Papacy: Its Historic Origin and Primitive Relations with the Eastern Churches

3327:

Epistle to the Smyrnaeans - Chapter VIII.-Let Nothing Be Done Without the Bishop.

3125:

The Papacy: Its Historic Origin and Primitive Relations with the Eastern Churches

2990:

The Papacy: Its Historic Origin and Primitive Relations with the Eastern Churches

2345: 2304: 1671: 1608: 1411: 1370: 1256: 1175: 888: 881: 849: 697: 639: 626: 622: 555: 375: 226: 9875: 1516:, then such power would have been exercised to resolve the many disputes in the 544: 10272: 10247: 10176: 10116: 9890: 9885: 9865: 9820: 9655: 9650: 9595: 9517: 9497: 9434: 9310: 9171: 9088: 9034: 8859: 8653: 8628: 8592: 8532: 8525: 8520: 8510: 8364: 8349: 8288: 8164: 8154: 7910: 7653: 7553: 7349: 7238: 7184: 7117: 7097: 6856: 6697: 6560: 6553: 6440: 6410: 6395: 6338: 6328: 6161: 5934: 5701: 5630: 5478: 5413: 5199: 5189: 5175: 5160: 4840: 4735: 4619: 4598: 4132: 4011: 3986: 3958: 3889: 2760: 1399: 1356: 1345: 1311: 1244: 1211: 1198: 1184: 865: 844:

Luther’s rejection of the primacy of the Roman Pontiff led to the start of the

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The Gospel According to Rome: Comparing Catholic Tradition and the Word of God

2130: 2050:

Fr. Nicholas Afanassieff: "The Primacy of Peter" Ch. 4, pgs. 126-127 (c. 1992)

1366:

have regarded popes as the leader of the westerners (not of the whole church).

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Papal Primacy and the Universal Church: Lutherans and Catholics in Dialogue V

3428:

Greek Orthodox Patrology - An introduction to the Study of the Church Fathers

3234:

Greek Orthodox Patrology - An introduction to the Study of the Church Fathers

2783:

Catholics and Orthodox Discuss the Role of the Pope of Rome in Vienna Meeting

2331: 1920:(Cambridge University Press 2010 reprint ISBN 978-1-108-02146-3), pp. 101-102 1331: 1026: 930: 925: 830: 672: 618: 606: 551: 403: 312:

of his diocese with regard to his presbyters and people; regionally, for the

308:

at each of the established ecclesiastical levels: locally, for the bishop as

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of each metropolis with regard to the bishops of his province, and for the

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The Truth: What Every Roman Catholic Should Know about the Orthodox Church

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Epochs of the Papacy, from Its Rise to the Death of Pope Pius IX. in 1878

1577: 887:

The most substantial body of defined doctrine on the subject is found in

877: 752: 734: 476: 371: 3622:

Dancing Alone: The Quest for Orthodox Faith in the Age of False Religion

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The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325-787) Their History and Theology

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Wetterau, Bruce. World history. New York: Henry Holt and company. 1994.

2100:

The Life of St Paul" (Paulist Press 2008 ISBN 978-0-8091-0519-9), p. 88

2087:(Oxford University Press 2004 ISBN 978-0-19-860949-0), art. "Peter (1)" 1946:(St Vladimir's Seminary Press 1995 ISBN 978-0-88141-125-6), pp. 163-164 1706:

of Rome as the first bishop of the Empire, and the head of the church."

1403: 1352:), but a previous pope condemned the use of such a title by any bishop. 1317:

Cases which had been decided by Rome were appealed to bishops in other

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How the Pope Became Infallible: Pius IX and the Politics of Persuasion

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Early manuscript illustration of the First Council of Constantinople

168: 10473: 9894: 9472: 9424: 9329: 9319: 9289: 9269: 9233: 9072: 8427: 8181: 8169: 7087: 6956: 6589: 6156: 6091: 6074: 6060: 5971: 5803: 5711: 5538: 4637: 4006: 2418:(Glazier, Michael Incorporated 1997 ISBN 978-0-8146-5857-4), p. 113 1287:

As many Sees are of Peter, Peter serves as an archetype of Apostle.

994: 860:

The doctrine of papal primacy was further developed in 1870 at the

829:

The primacy of the Roman Pontiff was again challenged in 1517 when

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The Primacy of Peter: essays in ecclesiology and the early church

2029:(St Vladimir's Seminary Press 1995 ISBN 978-0-88141-125-6), p. 98 1547: 1270: 785:

to reunite the Eastern church with the West. Wishing to end the

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The church at Rome was founded (or organised) by both Peter and

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dogged in defending but which only encountered one externally,"

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Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

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Rome had primacy, but it was one of honour, rather than power.

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had been the founders of the Church in Rome and had appointed

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Extracts from the Acts of the Council of Chalcedon. Session I

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A general council may overrule decisions of the Roman Pontiff

1324: 781:, which was convoked to act on a pledge by Byzantine emperor 512:

enriched the Church of Rome with large buildings such as the

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Imperial Unity and Christian Divisions: The Church AD450-680

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Persons in Communion – A Theology of Authentic Relationships

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The Divine Right of the Papacy in Recent Ecumenical Theology

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Eastern Orthodox opposition to the doctrine of Papal Primacy

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Eastern Orthodox opposition to the doctrine of Papal Primacy

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The church triumphant: a history of Christianity up to 1300

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Patrick J. Reilly, "Teaching Euthanasia" (Catholic Culture)

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The Orthodox church considers the Bishop of Rome to be the

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Knowledge neutral point of view disputes from October 2011

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Power and the Holy in the Age of the Investiture Conflict,

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Papacy and Development: Newman and the Primacy of the Pope

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were equal; nothing was withheld from any of the Apostles.

876:(the ability of the pope to define dogmas free from error 66:

to this revision, which may differ significantly from the

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Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

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The test of catholicity is adherence to the authority of

1390:. In the New Testament, he is first to be given the keys 1033:

stressed that his office must be more than a figurehead.

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Joint International Commission for Theological Dialogue

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Joint International Commission for Theological Dialogue

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Joint worship service with the Archbishop of Canterbury

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Historical development of the doctrine of Papal Primacy

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Hymn of Entry: Liturgy and Life in the Orthodox Church

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Homily III on Acts 1:12 quoted in Whelton, M., (1998)

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A Treatise Concerning the Correction of the Donatists.

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A Treatise Concerning the Correction of the Donatists.

2148:(Eerdmans 2005 ISBN 978-0-8028-2416-5), vol. 4, p. 273 2144:

Erwin Fahlbusch, Geoffrey William Bromiley (editors),

1323:

Cases which had been decided by Rome were appealed to

592:." It has been asserted by many that a synod held by 211:

from other bishops and their sees. Together with the

102:

Move Ignatius to Catholicity argument in other article

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Move Ignatius to Catholicity argument in other article

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Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

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Orthodox-Catholic Commission Studies Primacy of Peter

1344:

The Roman Pontiff is also styled "universal bishop" (

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Through The Ages: A History Of The Christian Church.

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Thomas Shahan, "First Council of Constantinople" in

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Orthodox Christians accept that Peter had a certain

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Byzantium: The surprising life of a Medieval Empire

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History of the Reformation of the Sixteenth Century

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Book I. Chapter 18.17 The Keys Given to the Church.

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Book I. Chapter 18.17 The Keys Given to the Church.

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History of the Reformation in the sixteenth century

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Bishop of Rome becomes "Rector of the whole Church"

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St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. pp. 47–48. 1001:Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission 995:Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission 291:, and that the bishop of Rome was therefore the 251:and that its teaching about matters such as the 3708:Two Paths: Papal Monarchy - Collegial Tradition 3646: 3610:(Orthodox Research Institute; Rollinsford, NH). 3528:, (St Vladimirs Seminary Press; Crestwood, NY). 3414:The Faith: Understanding Orthodox Christianity, 3283:, (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MD), p.46. 3281:Two Paths: Papal Monarchy - Collegial Tradition 3221:Two Paths: Papal Monarchy - Collegial Tradition 3206:, (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA), p.38. 3186:Two Paths: Papal Monarchy - Collegial Tradition 3136:"...the keys that were given to the Church..." 3001:"...the keys that were given to the Church..." 1985:Ecclesial Communion, Conciliarity and Authority 1971:Ecclesial Communion, Conciliarity and Authority 1764:Ratzinger’s Ecumenism between light and shadows 563:First Council of Constantinople and its context 432: 3542:(St Vladimir's Seminary Press; Crestwood, NY). 3535:(St Vladimir's Seminary Press; Crestwood, NY). 3223:, (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA), p.33 3204:Two Paths: Papal Monarchy -Collegial Tradition 3174:The History of the Church – Book II Chapter I 2898: 2651:ARCIC, Authority in the Church, 1, para. 3.12. 2392: 2390: 1883:Papal Primacy: From Its Origins to the Present 1622:Referring to Ignatius of Antioch Carlton says 1436:) the convening of a council to decide whether 1271:Opposition arguments from early church history 682: 241: 9104: 7829: 7503:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches 7202: 6619: 5845: 3763: 3486:(Augsburg Publishing House; Minneapolis, MN). 3451:, Book 1, (Robert Carter & Brothers; NY). 3362:(Denise Harvey Publisher; Limni, Greece), p15 2545: 2458:Ignatius of Antioch, Letter to the Smyrnaeans 2357:Aidan Nichols; Op Nichols (1 February 2010). 1512:. Had the teaching of primacy formed part of 1107: 613:. From the time of Pope Damasus, the text of 287:, Prologue), occupied the first place in the 1937: 1935: 1903:John Henry Newman, Selected Writings to 1845 1860:Authority in the Church II, ARCIC, para 2, 6 1810:Patrick Granfield, Peter C. Phan (editors), 989: 3669:. 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A., (1974) 3400:Cyprian – His Life – Hist Times – His Work 3202:, Homily 33 quoted in Whelton, M., (1998) 2718:Ravenna Document (in the original English) 2098:Lawrence Boadt, Linda Schapper (editors), 1491:The matter was eventually resolved at the 1314:do not refer to another tier above bishop. 960:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith 717:about the primacy of the Roman Pontiff as 708: 171:. 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Tractate CXXIV.7 Abbé Guettée (1866). 2917:The Church of Rome at the Bar of History 2879: 2476:The church: the evolution of Catholicism 2272: 1550:, decrees that were opposed also by two 855: 566: 238:scriptural and theological foundations. 167:Relevant discussion may be found on the 97: 52: 47: 3564:Dialogue on the Life of John Chrysostom 3514:, (Mercer University Press; Macon, GA). 3183: 2574: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2302: 2110: 2108: 2018: 1687: 1642:Orthodox rebuttal of Catholic arguments 1611:that it has never accepted the pope as 1442:who converted should be required to be 76:Revision as of 20:35, 3 August 2012 by 75: 14: 10494: 10112:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler 6321: 4151: 3743:Rise of the Papacy - ReligionFacts.com 3627: 3547:Disquisitions and notes on the Gospels 3493:, (InterOrthodox Press; Berkeley, CA). 2309:. Fordham University Press. p. 47 2078: 2076: 2074: 1987:(Ravenna, 13 October 2007), section 44 1928:(Brill 1976 ISBN 90-04-04466-3), p. 72 1725: 1327:of bishops in other metropolitan areas 1178:are perhaps the greatest obstacles to 9092: 7817: 6607: 5950:Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom 5945:Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great 5833: 3751: 3236:, (Orthodox Research Institute), p14. 2473:Richard P. McBrien (25 August 2008). 2346:Catechism of the Catholic Church, 884 2268:, Christian Classics Ethereal Library 1800:Catechism of the Catholic Church, 883 1790:Catechism of the Catholic Church, 882 1593:Orthodox understanding of Catholicity 1471: 1350:Summus Pontifex Ecclesiae Universalis 767: 713:The 3 October 1054 the Council has a 381: 44: 25: 6097:Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament 3738:. 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(1913). 3714: 3600:, (Longmans, Green & Co; NY). 3479:, (Fordham University Press, NY). 3437:, (Fordham University Press, NY). 3318:(Mystic: Twenty–Third), pp. 26–27 2575:Collins, Paul (24 October 1997). 2562:"Vatican I And The Papal Primacy" 1838:Open Letter to Confused Catholics 1576:Catholic Cardinal and theologian 423: 62:. 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Chapter XXI 2899:Veselin Kesich (1992). 2816:Crete draft document, 9 2807:Crete draft document, 4 1850:Ravenna Document, 43-44 1726:Kasper, Walter (2006). 1682:Donation of Constantine 972:Eastern Orthodox Church 709:Council of Reims (1049) 526:First Council of Nicaea 522:Basilica of Saint Peter 491:, the beginning of the 475:(AD 189) believed that 217:Eastern Orthodox Church 10479:Catholicism portal 10328:Hans Urs von Balthasar 10127:Tommaso Maria Zigliara 10067:Félicité de La Mennais 9746:The Cloud of Unknowing 9247:The Shepherd of Hermas 9078:Catholicism portal 8889:Second Vatican Council 8775:Our Lady of La Salette 8582:Protestant Reformation 8569:Protestant Reformation 8488:Second Council of Lyon 7877:Ecclesiastical history 7744:Christian universalism 7135:Western Rite Orthodoxy 6980:Protestant Reformation 6063:(Anglican Use Vespers) 5745:Catholic Charities USA 5379:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 5367:Vatican Polyglot Press 4417:Mariology of the popes 4055:Protestant Reformation 3628:Schatz, Klaus (1996). 3620:Schaeffer, F., (1994) 3613:Runciman, S., (1977), 3606:Romanides, J., (2004) 3576:Papadakis, A., (1994) 3569:Papadakis, A., (1997) 3510:Hinson, E. G., (1995) 3496:Hasler, A. B., (1981) 3468:Davis, L. D., (1990), 2230:Schimmelpfennig, p. 47 2203:Rome in Late Antiquity 2117:A History of the Popes 2068:Schimmelpfennig, p. 39 2059:Schimmelpfennig, p. 27 1812:The Gift of the Church 1677:Primacy of Simon Peter 1636: 1628: 1590: 1556:Ottaviani Intervention 1489: 1349: 1101: 1018: 1013: 964:Protestant Reformation 921:Second Vatican Council 915:Second Vatican Council 868:achieved victory over 846:Protestant Reformation 779:Second Council of Lyon 773:Second Council of Lyon 729:universalis Ecclesiae 572: 455: 439:Primacy of Simon Peter 421: 410:Rome's role as arbiter 368: 355: 329:Historical development 326: 10512:Roman Catholic Church 10507:History of the Papacy 10253:Marie-Dominique Chenu 10172:Marie-Joseph Lagrange 10157:Désiré-Joseph Mercier 10041:Clement Mary Hofbauer 10036:Johann Michael Sailer 9463:Maximus the Confessor 9155:History of the papacy 8785:First Vatican Council 8483:First Council of Lyon 8247:Constantine the Great 7943:Christian monasticism 7402:Anointing of the Sick 6134:Liturgical literature 6069:(West Syriac Vespers) 5928:Eucharistic liturgies 5909:Anointing of the Sick 5499:Good Shepherd Sisters 5341:Holy See Press Office 4579:Doctors of the Church 4412:Immaculate Conception 4367:Anointing of the Sick 3902:History of the papacy 3735:Catholic Encyclopedia 3683:, (Elibron Classics). 3665:Sherrard, P., (1978) 3405:Braaten, C. E.(2001) 3374:Abbé Guettée (1866). 3358:Sherrard, P., (1978) 3121:On the Gospel of John 3108:On Christian Doctrine 3097:Preface to Homily 1.1 2986:On the Gospel of John 2973:On Christian Doctrine 2962:Preface to Homily 1.1 2872:Carson, D. A.(1984), 2615:Lumen Gentium, no. 22 2517:Anselme de Saint-Remy 2246:. Blackie. p. 27 1657:History of the papacy 1632: 1624: 1582: 1544:Society of St. Pius X 1485: 1382:"Keys of the Kingdom" 1097: 1055:In October 2007, the 1014: 1005: 862:First Vatican Council 856:First Vatican Council 570: 510:Constantine the Great 487:to the office of the 450: 416: 363: 346: 297: 249:developmental history 227:Roman Catholic Church 98:→‎Ignatius of Antioch 53:→‎Ignatius of Antioch 10429:Raniero Cantalamessa 10399:Alice von Hildebrand 10348:Edward Schillebeeckx 10026:Maria Gaetana Agnesi 9911:Lawrence of Brindisi 9841:Francisco de Vitoria 9631:Beatrice of Nazareth 9606:Hugh of Saint Victor 9586:Bernard of Clairvaux 9566:Anselm of Canterbury 9528:John Scotus Eriugena 9523:Paschasius Radbertus 9370:Gregory of Nazianzus 9264:Epistle to Diognetus 8962:Sexual abuse scandal 8871:Mit brennender Sorge 8714:Age of Enlightenment 8493:Bernard of Clairvaux 8370:Byzantine Iconoclasm 8309:Council of Chalcedon 8089:Council of Jerusalem 7958:Role in civilization 7938:Religious institutes 7870:By country or region 7723:Nondenominationalism 7596:Role in civilization 7063:Independent Catholic 7005:Relations with Islam 6985:Catholic Reformation 6278:Ecclesiastical Latin 6199:Liturgy of the Hours 6119:Liturgy of the Hours 5989:Pontifical High Mass 5372:L'Osservatore Romano 5310:Role in civilisation 5036:Croatian and Serbian 4784:Episcopal conference 4746:St. Peter's Basilica 4104:Sexual abuse scandal 4060:Catholic Reformation 3706:Whelton, M., (1998) 3700:Whelton, M., (2006) 3693:Webster, W. (1995), 3632:. Liturgical Press. 3503:Herrin, J., (2007), 3475:Dvornik, F., (1966) 3419:Carlton, C., (1999) 3412:Carlton, C., (1997) 3381:M. Anastos, (2001), 3050:Webster, W. (1995), 2915:Webster, W. (1995), 2729:Ravenna Document, 43 2441:Terence L. Nichols, 2428:Terence L. Nichols, 2414:Terence L. Nichols, 2188:Martyrdom of St Paul 2027:The Primacy of Peter 1997:Ott, Ludwig (1960). 1944:The Primacy of Peter 1777:The Primacy of Peter 1688:References and notes 1428:Council of Jerusalem 1355:Rome (Old Rome) and 1208:Council of Jerusalem 1136:improve this article 968:apostolic succession 958:of 29 June 2007 the 757:Michael I Cerularius 715:dogmatic declaration 667:The doctrine of the 635:Council of Chalcedon 611:Council of Chalcedon 493:Apostolic succession 213:Filioque controversy 45:20:35, 3 August 2012 10404:Carlo Maria Martini 10368:Johann Baptist Metz 10338:Frederick Copleston 10162:Friedrich von Hügel 10122:Joseph Hergenröther 10102:Gaetano Sanseverino 10082:Ignaz von Döllinger 10006:Nicolas Malebranche 9846:Thomas of Villanova 9807:Counter-Reformation 9787:Girolamo Savonarola 9601:Hildegard of Bingen 9410:Cyril of Alexandria 9253:Aristides of Athens 9240:Epistle of Barnabas 9229:Ignatius of Antioch 9167:Ecumenical councils 8790:Papal infallibility 8780:Our Lady of Lourdes 8729:Shimabara Rebellion 8573:Counter-Reformation 7769:Unlimited atonement 7754:Cultural Christians 7193:Jehovah's Witnesses 6815:Sermon on the Mount 6744:Christian tradition 6671:Lists of Christians 6502:Pre-Tridentine Mass 6270:Liturgical language 5707:Neocatechumenal Way 5672:Charismatic Renewal 5386:Annuario Pontificio 4984:Particular churches 4660:Ecumenical councils 4432:Perpetual virginity 4267:Communitas perfecta 4211:Sermon on the Mount 3566:(Newman Press; NY). 3524:Lossky, V., (2002) 3440:Congar. Y., (1982) 3433:Congar, Y. (1959), 3345:Lossky, V., (2002) 3314:Congar. Y., (1982) 3184:Whelton, M (1998). 2887:The Orthodox Church 2662:The Washington Post 2443:That All May Be One 2430:That All May Be One 2416:That All May Be One 2159:J. Michael Miller, 1916:John Henry Newman, 1897:John Henry Newman, 1667:Papal infallibility 1554:of the Church (see 1330:Peter founded many 1280:. As no particular 984:particular Churches 893:papal infallibility 874:papal infallibility 396:Cyprian of Carthage 342:Alexander Schmemann 276:Ignatius of Antioch 160:of this article is 115:← Previous revision 10419:Alasdair MacIntyre 10298:Nouvelle théologie 10187:Thérèse of Lisieux 10031:Alfonso Muzzarelli 9971:Jean-Jacques Olier 9941:Tommaso Campanella 9856:Francisco de Osuna 9851:Ignatius of Loyola 9720:Catherine of Siena 9616:Robert Grosseteste 9513:Benedict of Aniane 9453:Isidore of Seville 9395:Augustine of Hippo 9360:Cyril of Jerusalem 9355:Hilary of Poitiers 8835:Our Lady of Fátima 8624:Ignatius of Loyola 8548:Catherine of Siena 8516:Pope Boniface VIII 8335:Benedict of Nursia 8304:Council of Ephesus 8141:Ante-Nicene period 8094:Split with Judaism 7928:Crusading movement 7614:Crusading movement 6882:Ante-Nicene period 6354:Extraordinary Form 5544:Premonstratensians 3927:Ante-Nicene period 3805:Lists of Catholics 3552:Neill, S., (1984) 3454:Denny, E., (1912) 2742:. 14 November 2007 2216:Peter L'Huillier, 2115:John W. O'Malley, 1510:Byzantine emperors 1506:Ecumenical Council 1472:Easter controversy 1408:Hilary of Poitiers 1369:Faced with exile, 1319:metropolitan areas 1253:Hilary of Poitiers 1230:primus inter pares 976:Oriental Orthodoxy 768:Post-schism period 719:Successor of Peter 642:(492-496) stated: 573: 382:Ante-Nicene period 255:, the divinity of 222:primus inter pares 10487: 10486: 10414:Gustavo Gutiérrez 10409:Pope Benedict XVI 10394:Pope John Paul II 10293:Josemaría Escrivá 10283:Henri Daniel-Rops 10167:Vladimir Solovyov 10147:Neo-scholasticism 10087:John Henry Newman 10021:Louis de Montfort 10016:Alphonsus Liguori 10011:Giambattista Vico 9946:Pierre de Bérulle 9932:French Revolution 9901:Robert Bellarmine 9881:John of the Cross 9767:Julian of Norwich 9725:Bridget of Sweden 9715:John of Ruusbroec 9705:William of Ockham 9621:Francis of Assisi 9611:Dominic de Guzmán 9581:Decretum Gratiani 9556:Berengar of Tours 9445:Early Middle Ages 9415:Peter Chrysologus 9365:Basil of Caesarea 9350:Ephrem the Syrian 9290:Antipope Novatian 9086: 9085: 9046:COVID-19 pandemic 9024:Pope Benedict XVI 8929:Pope John Paul II 8704:Pope Benedict XIV 8690:French Revolution 8674:Thirty Years' War 8664:Robert Bellarmine 8649:John of the Cross 8553:Pope Alexander VI 8538:Council of Vienne 8468:Francis of Assisi 8458:Pope Innocent III 8327:Early Middle Ages 8321: 8320: 8317: 8316: 8259:Arian controversy 8212: 8211: 8160:Apostolic Fathers 7811: 7810: 7777: 7776: 7705:Charta Oecumenica 7215: 7214: 7205:Iglesia ni Cristo 7020: 7019: 7000:French Revolution 6990:Thirty Years' War 6862:Apostolic fathers 6830:Great Commandment 6601: 6600: 6581: 6580: 6510: 6509: 6424: 6423: 6057:(sunset/evening) 5827: 5826: 5237: 5236: 4630: 4453: 4452: 4145: 4122: 4121: 4114:COVID-19 pandemic 4084:French Revolution 4074:Thirty Years' War 3982:Islamic conquests 3895:Apostolic fathers 3830: 3658:978-0-231-07515-2 2846:978-0-89870-723-6 2677:Missing or empty 2664:. 1 October 1989. 2486:978-0-06-124521-3 2370:978-1-58617-282-4 2201:Bertrand Lançon, 1739:978-0-8091-4334-4 1305:Apostolic throne. 1168: 1167: 1160: 1031:Pope John Paul II 265:John Henry Newman 201: 200: 193: 10529: 10477: 10476: 10318:Emmanuel Mounier 10313:Bernard Lonergan 10238:Georges Bernanos 10223:Jacques Maritain 10203:G. K. Chesterton 10092:Henri Lacordaire 9991:Cornelius Jansen 9986:François Fénelon 9916:Francis de Sales 9906:Francisco Suárez 9777:Nicholas of Cusa 9661:Siger of Brabant 9646:Boetius of Dacia 9626:Anthony of Padua 9571:Joachim of Fiore 9551:Gregory of Narek 9538:High Middle Ages 9483:John of Damascus 9375:Gregory of Nyssa 9113: 9106: 9099: 9090: 9089: 9076: 9075: 9064: 9063: 9062: 9041:Patriarch Kirill 8914:Pope John Paul I 8719:Anti-clericalism 8699:Pope Innocent XI 8619:Society of Jesus 8604:Council of Trent 8558:Age of Discovery 8503:Late Middle Ages 8405:High Middle Ages 8395:East–West Schism 8279:Pope Sylvester I 8225: 8224: 8214: 8213: 8124:General epistles 8119:Pauline epistles 8052:John the Baptist 8035:Great Commission 7997: 7996: 7948:Catholic culture 7838: 7831: 7824: 7815: 7814: 7801: 7800: 7791: 7790: 7634:Environmentalism 7584:Church buildings 7486: 7485: 7301:Eastern Orthodox 7296:Eastern Catholic 7208: 7207: 7175:Eastern Catholic 7153:Eastern Orthodox 7041: 7040: 6962:Age of Discovery 6947:East–West Schism 6845:Great Commission 6776: 6775: 6628: 6621: 6614: 6605: 6604: 6593: 6592: 6566:East Syriac Rite 6534:Alexandrian Rite 6523:Eastern Catholic 6516:Eastern Catholic 6391:Benedictine Rite 6379: 6378: 6319: 6318: 6313:liturgical rites 6302: 6301: 6221:Roman Pontifical 6077:(end of the day) 6011:Liturgical hours 5854: 5847: 5840: 5831: 5830: 5817: 5816: 5807: 5806: 5549:Redemptoristines 5397:Religious orders 5323:Anti-Catholicism 5273:Church buildings 5133:Catholic liturgy 4873:Consecrated life 4731:Apostolic Palace 4698:Synod of Bishops 4634: 4633: 4610: 4216:Ten Commandments 4149: 4148: 4131: 4032:Age of Discovery 3866:Great Commission 3834: 3833: 3818: 3772: 3765: 3758: 3749: 3748: 3739: 3731: 3729:"The Pope" 3662: 3643: 3363: 3356: 3350: 3343: 3337: 3334: 3328: 3325: 3319: 3312: 3306: 3301: 3295: 3290: 3284: 3270: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3243: 3237: 3230: 3224: 3213: 3207: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3181: 3169: 3163: 3160: 3154: 3147: 3141: 3134: 3128: 3117: 3111: 3104: 3098: 3087: 3081: 3074: 3068: 3061: 3055: 3046: 3040: 3037: 3031: 3025: 3019: 3012: 3006: 2999: 2993: 2982: 2976: 2969: 2963: 2952: 2946: 2939: 2933: 2926: 2920: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2896: 2890: 2883: 2877: 2870: 2864: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2835:Ray, Stephen K. 2832: 2826: 2823: 2817: 2814: 2808: 2805: 2799: 2791: 2785: 2780: 2774: 2769: 2763: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2736: 2730: 2727: 2721: 2720:, sections 40-41 2715: 2709: 2703: 2697: 2693: 2687: 2686: 2680: 2675: 2673: 2665: 2658: 2652: 2649: 2643: 2642: 2635: 2629: 2622: 2616: 2613: 2607: 2604: 2598: 2595: 2589: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2558: 2552: 2549: 2543: 2536: 2530: 2526: 2520: 2513: 2507: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2470: 2464: 2463: 2452: 2446: 2439: 2433: 2426: 2420: 2411: 2400: 2394: 2385: 2384: 2379: 2377: 2354: 2348: 2343: 2337: 2329: 2323: 2322: 2316: 2314: 2300: 2294: 2285: 2270: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2237: 2231: 2228: 2222: 2213: 2207: 2198: 2192: 2186:Henry W. Tajra, 2183: 2177: 2171: 2165: 2156: 2150: 2141: 2135: 2134: 2127: 2121: 2112: 2103: 2095: 2089: 2080: 2069: 2066: 2060: 2057: 2051: 2048: 2042: 2037: 2031: 2022: 2016: 2011:Richard McBrien 2009: 2003: 2002: 1994: 1988: 1982: 1976: 1967: 1961: 1954: 1948: 1939: 1930: 1913: 1907: 1893: 1887: 1878: 1872: 1867: 1861: 1858: 1852: 1847: 1841: 1833: 1827: 1822: 1816: 1807: 1801: 1798: 1792: 1787: 1781: 1772: 1766: 1761: 1755: 1754: 1748: 1746: 1723: 1707: 1703: 1662:Pontifex Maximus 1603:and then by the 1483:Eusebius wrote: 1478:Quartodecimanism 1454:only prescribes 1452:Rabbinic Judaism 1163: 1156: 1152: 1149: 1143: 1120: 1112: 954:In the document 747:East-West Schism 741:East-West Schism 703:deposit of faith 669:sedes apostolica 514:Lateran Basilica 473:Irenaeus of Lyon 196: 189: 185: 182: 176: 150: 149: 142: 127:Newer revision → 105: 103: 101: 92: 71: 69:current revision 61: 60: 58: 56: 46: 42: 41: 10537: 10536: 10532: 10531: 10530: 10528: 10527: 10526: 10522:Christian terms 10492: 10491: 10488: 10483: 10471: 10463: 10444:Jean-Luc Marion 10382: 10333:Marcel Lefebvre 10258:Romano Guardini 10213:Joseph Maréchal 10191: 10182:Maurice Blondel 10077:Antonio Rosmini 10072:Luigi Taparelli 10050: 9976:Louis Thomassin 9951:Pierre Gassendi 9934: 9930: 9920: 9871:Teresa of Ávila 9809: 9805: 9796: 9782:Marsilio Ficino 9772:Thomas à Kempis 9762:Devotio Moderna 9735:Johannes Tauler 9730:Meister Eckhart 9700:Dante Alighieri 9675: 9641:Albertus Magnus 9532: 9439: 9385:John Chrysostom 9313: 9309: 9299: 9212:Clement of Rome 9193: 9131: 9122: 9117: 9087: 9082: 9070: 9060: 9058: 9050: 8972:World Youth Day 8950: 8939:World Youth Day 8883:Pacem in terris 8877:Pope John XXIII 8816: 8743: 8734:Edict of Nantes 8692: 8688: 8678: 8644:Teresa of Ávila 8639:Tridentine Mass 8575: 8571: 8562: 8543:Knights Templar 8497: 8399: 8355:Gregorian chant 8313: 8239: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8220: 8208: 8135: 8004: 7992: 7984: 7851: 7849:Catholic Church 7842: 7812: 7807: 7785: 7773: 7727: 7682: 7600: 7481: 7475: 7430: 7355:One true church 7211: 7179: 7139: 7028: 7016: 6966: 6923: 6868: 6795:in Christianity 6781: 6767: 6761: 6753: 6712: 6688: 6680: 6637: 6632: 6602: 6597: 6587: 6577: 6544:Antiochene Rite 6524: 6520: 6517: 6506: 6496:Missa Venatoria 6420: 6416:Norbertine Rite 6406:Cistercian Rite 6401:Carthusian Rite 6377: 6359:Tridentine Mass 6349:Mass of Paul VI 6312: 6308: 6296: 6289: 6264: 6128: 6080: 6027:(early morning) 6009: 6006:Canonical hours 6000: 5923: 5875: 5873:Catholic Church 5858: 5828: 5823: 5801: 5793: 5772: 5755:Relief Services 5721: 5667:Catholic Action 5657:Military orders 5594:Confraternities 5586:of the faithful 5585: 5578: 5400: 5391: 5327: 5233: 5127: 4986: 4978: 4911:Prior, Prioress 4867: 4760: 4756:Vatican Museums 4707: 4640: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4609: 4603: 4528: 4482:Social teaching 4449: 4388: 4333: 4288:One true church 4252: 4229:Sixtine Vulgate 4225:Official Bible 4139: 4135: 4130: 4118: 4036: 3968: 3913: 3883:Petrine primacy 3826: 3822: 3817: 3809: 3781: 3779:Catholic Church 3776: 3717: 3659: 3640: 3371: 3366: 3357: 3353: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3331: 3326: 3322: 3313: 3309: 3302: 3298: 3291: 3287: 3277:– Book V, xxiv 3271: 3267: 3259: 3255: 3244: 3240: 3231: 3227: 3214: 3210: 3197: 3193: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3157: 3148: 3144: 3135: 3131: 3118: 3114: 3105: 3101: 3088: 3084: 3075: 3071: 3062: 3058: 3047: 3043: 3038: 3034: 3026: 3022: 3013: 3009: 3000: 2996: 2983: 2979: 2970: 2966: 2953: 2949: 2940: 2936: 2927: 2923: 2912: 2908: 2897: 2893: 2884: 2880: 2871: 2867: 2858: 2854: 2847: 2833: 2829: 2824: 2820: 2815: 2811: 2806: 2802: 2792: 2788: 2781: 2777: 2770: 2766: 2759: 2755: 2745: 2743: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2724: 2716: 2712: 2704: 2700: 2694: 2690: 2678: 2676: 2667: 2666: 2660: 2659: 2655: 2650: 2646: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2623: 2619: 2614: 2610: 2605: 2601: 2596: 2592: 2582: 2580: 2573: 2569: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2550: 2546: 2537: 2533: 2527: 2523: 2514: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2471: 2467: 2454: 2453: 2449: 2440: 2436: 2427: 2423: 2412: 2403: 2395: 2388: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2355: 2351: 2344: 2340: 2330: 2326: 2312: 2310: 2301: 2297: 2288:Aidan Nichols, 2286: 2273: 2263: 2259: 2249: 2247: 2238: 2234: 2229: 2225: 2214: 2210: 2199: 2195: 2184: 2180: 2172: 2168: 2157: 2153: 2142: 2138: 2129: 2128: 2124: 2113: 2106: 2096: 2092: 2081: 2072: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2054: 2049: 2045: 2038: 2034: 2023: 2019: 2010: 2006: 1995: 1991: 1983: 1979: 1968: 1964: 1955: 1951: 1940: 1933: 1914: 1910: 1894: 1890: 1879: 1875: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1855: 1848: 1844: 1834: 1830: 1823: 1819: 1808: 1804: 1799: 1795: 1788: 1784: 1773: 1769: 1762: 1758: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1710: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1672:Papal supremacy 1653: 1644: 1609:Orthodox Church 1595: 1574: 1568: 1540: 1501: 1474: 1430: 1424: 1412:John Chrysostom 1384: 1371:John Chrysostom 1273: 1257:John Chrysostom 1226: 1220: 1193: 1191:Protestant view 1176:papal supremacy 1164: 1153: 1147: 1144: 1133: 1121: 1110: 1053: 1041: 1023: 997: 992: 966:and which lack 952: 947: 917: 889:Pastor aeternus 882:papal supremacy 858: 850:Anglican Church 827: 775: 770: 749: 743: 711: 698:depositum fidei 685: 665: 653: 627:Pope Boniface I 623:Pope Innocent I 565: 556:Valentinian III 547: 535: 502: 470: 441: 435: 426: 412: 394:were martyred. 384: 376:twelve Apostles 337: 331: 244: 197: 186: 180: 177: 166: 151: 147: 138: 137: 136: 135: 134: 119:Latest revision 107: 106: 96: 93: 82: 80: 67: 51: 48: 31: 29: 12: 11: 5: 10535: 10525: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10485: 10484: 10482: 10481: 10468: 10465: 10464: 10462: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10390: 10388: 10384: 10383: 10381: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10320: 10315: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10273:Henri de Lubac 10270: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10248:Gabriel Marcel 10245: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10228:Étienne Gilson 10225: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10199: 10197: 10193: 10192: 10190: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10177:George Tyrrell 10174: 10169: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10149: 10144: 10139: 10137:Émile Boutroux 10134: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10117:Giuseppe Pecci 10114: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10058: 10056: 10052: 10051: 10049: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10023: 10018: 10013: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9988: 9983: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9966:António Vieira 9963: 9958: 9956:René Descartes 9953: 9948: 9943: 9937: 9935: 9927:Baroque period 9925: 9922: 9921: 9919: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9891:Luis de Molina 9888: 9886:Peter Canisius 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9866:Francis Xavier 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9821:Thomas Cajetan 9818: 9812: 9810: 9801: 9798: 9797: 9795: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9752:Heinrich Seuse 9749: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9686: 9684: 9677: 9676: 9674: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9656:Thomas Aquinas 9653: 9651:Henry of Ghent 9648: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9598: 9596:Anselm of Laon 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9542: 9540: 9534: 9533: 9531: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9518:Rabanus Maurus 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9449: 9447: 9441: 9440: 9438: 9437: 9435:Pope Gregory I 9432: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9316: 9314: 9311:Pope Gregory I 9304: 9301: 9300: 9298: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9243: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9203: 9201: 9195: 9194: 9192: 9191: 9186: 9185: 9184: 9182:Biblical canon 9179: 9172:Catholic Bible 9169: 9164: 9163: 9162: 9152: 9151: 9150: 9139: 9137: 9133: 9132: 9127: 9124: 9123: 9116: 9115: 9108: 9101: 9093: 9084: 9083: 9081: 9080: 9068: 9055: 9052: 9051: 9049: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9020: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8969: 8964: 8958: 8956: 8952: 8951: 8949: 8948: 8947: 8946: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8879: 8874: 8867: 8862: 8860:Lateran Treaty 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8826: 8824: 8818: 8817: 8815: 8814: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8751: 8749: 8745: 8744: 8742: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8695: 8693: 8685:Baroque period 8683: 8680: 8679: 8677: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8654:Peter Canisius 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8629:Francis Xavier 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8593:Exsurge Domine 8589: 8584: 8578: 8576: 8567: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8533:Pope Clement V 8530: 8529: 8528: 8526:Avignon Papacy 8521:Western Schism 8518: 8513: 8511:Thomas Aquinas 8507: 8505: 8499: 8498: 8496: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8409: 8407: 8401: 8400: 8398: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8365:Saint Boniface 8362: 8357: 8352: 8350:Pope Gregory I 8347: 8342: 8337: 8331: 8329: 8323: 8322: 8319: 8318: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8289:Biblical canon 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8255: 8254: 8243: 8241: 8222: 8218:Late antiquity 8210: 8209: 8207: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8185: 8184: 8179: 8178: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8165:Pope Clement I 8155:Church Fathers 8152: 8146: 8144: 8137: 8136: 8134: 8133: 8132: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8080: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8038: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8011: 8009: 7994: 7986: 7985: 7983: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7961: 7960: 7955: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7924: 7923: 7918: 7916:Biblical canon 7911:Catholic Bible 7908: 7907: 7906: 7896: 7895: 7894: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7873: 7872: 7861: 7859: 7853: 7852: 7841: 7840: 7833: 7826: 7818: 7809: 7808: 7806: 7805: 7795: 7782: 7779: 7778: 7775: 7774: 7772: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7735: 7733: 7729: 7728: 7726: 7725: 7720: 7719: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7696: 7690: 7688: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7651: 7646: 7644:Fundamentalism 7641: 7639:Existentialism 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7610: 7608: 7602: 7601: 7599: 7598: 7593: 7592: 7591: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7550: 7549: 7539: 7538: 7537: 7532: 7530:God the Father 7527: 7522: 7517: 7507: 7506: 7505: 7494: 7492: 7483: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7462: 7461: 7451: 7446: 7440: 7438: 7432: 7431: 7429: 7428: 7427: 7426: 7416: 7411: 7410: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7369: 7368: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7350:Body of Christ 7347: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7326: 7325: 7315: 7310: 7309: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7252: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7225: 7223: 7217: 7216: 7213: 7212: 7210: 7209: 7200: 7195: 7189: 7187: 7185:Restorationist 7181: 7180: 7178: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7161: 7160: 7149: 7147: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7137: 7132: 7131: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7049: 7047: 7038: 7022: 7021: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7014: 7013: 7012: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6976: 6974: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6933: 6931: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6910: 6909: 6904: 6894: 6889: 6887:Late antiquity 6884: 6878: 6876: 6870: 6869: 6867: 6866: 6865: 6864: 6857:Church fathers 6854: 6849: 6848: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6786: 6784: 6773: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6720: 6718: 6714: 6713: 6711: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6694: 6692: 6682: 6681: 6679: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6631: 6630: 6623: 6616: 6608: 6599: 6598: 6586: 6583: 6582: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6575: 6574: 6573: 6563: 6561:Byzantine Rite 6558: 6557: 6556: 6551: 6541: 6536: 6530: 6528: 6512: 6511: 6508: 6507: 6505: 6504: 6499: 6492: 6485: 6478: 6473: 6472: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6443: 6441:Aquileian Rite 6438: 6432: 6430: 6426: 6425: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6418: 6413: 6411:Dominican Rite 6408: 6403: 6398: 6396:Carmelite Rite 6393: 6387: 6385: 6376: 6375: 6374: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6362: 6361: 6351: 6341: 6339:Mozarabic Rite 6336: 6331: 6329:Ambrosian Rite 6325: 6323: 6316: 6299: 6291: 6290: 6288: 6287: 6286: 6285: 6274: 6272: 6266: 6265: 6263: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6246: 6245: 6240: 6230: 6225: 6224: 6223: 6213: 6208: 6207: 6206: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6165: 6164: 6162:Roman Breviary 6154: 6149: 6144: 6138: 6136: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6115: 6114: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6088: 6086: 6082: 6081: 6079: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6070: 6064: 6052: 6046: 6040: 6034: 6028: 6022: 6015: 6013: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5998: 5997: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5974: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5953: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5935:Divine Liturgy 5931: 5929: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5885: 5883: 5877: 5876: 5857: 5856: 5849: 5842: 5834: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5821: 5811: 5798: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5773: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5731: 5729: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5702:Legion of Mary 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5653: 5652: 5651: 5650: 5640: 5639: 5638: 5631:Lay Carmelites 5628: 5618: 5617: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5590: 5588: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5479:Conceptionists 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5414:Assumptionists 5410: 5408: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5389: 5382: 5375: 5368: 5365: 5364: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5343: 5337: 5335: 5329: 5328: 5326: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5281: 5280: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5259: 5258: 5247: 5245: 5239: 5238: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5231: 5230: 5229: 5228: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5182: 5181: 5180: 5179: 5178: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5137: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5125: 5124: 5123: 5118: 5116:Syro-Malankara 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5066:Italo-Albanian 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 4998: 4992: 4990: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4976: 4975: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4954: 4949: 4948: 4947: 4937: 4936: 4935: 4930: 4920: 4915: 4914: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4884: 4877: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4849: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4793: 4792: 4791: 4786: 4775: 4773: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4736:Lateran Treaty 4733: 4728: 4723: 4717: 4715: 4709: 4708: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4694: 4693: 4683: 4682: 4681: 4676: 4662: 4657: 4648: 4646: 4631: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4555: 4554: 4549: 4538: 4536: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4525: 4524: 4519: 4509: 4508: 4507: 4497: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4472:Moral theology 4469: 4463: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4451: 4450: 4448: 4447: 4442: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4398: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4375: 4374: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4343: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4331: 4326: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4302: 4297: 4296: 4295: 4290: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4262: 4260: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4250: 4245: 4244: 4243: 4236: 4231: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4172: 4171: 4166: 4155: 4153: 4146: 4124: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4070: 4069: 4068: 4067: 4057: 4046: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3987:Pope Gregory I 3984: 3978: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3966: 3961: 3959:Biblical canon 3956: 3954:Late antiquity 3951: 3950: 3949: 3944: 3934: 3929: 3923: 3921: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3911: 3910: 3909: 3899: 3898: 3897: 3890:Church fathers 3887: 3886: 3885: 3880: 3870: 3869: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3842: 3840: 3831: 3824:Ecclesiastical 3811: 3810: 3808: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3786: 3783: 3782: 3775: 3774: 3767: 3760: 3752: 3746: 3745: 3740: 3723: 3716: 3715:External links 3713: 3712: 3711: 3704: 3698: 3691: 3684: 3677: 3670: 3663: 3657: 3644: 3638: 3625: 3618: 3611: 3604: 3601: 3594: 3587: 3580: 3574: 3567: 3557: 3550: 3543: 3536: 3529: 3522: 3515: 3508: 3501: 3494: 3487: 3480: 3473: 3466: 3459: 3452: 3445: 3438: 3431: 3424: 3417: 3410: 3403: 3396: 3389:Annales Romani 3386: 3379: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3364: 3351: 3338: 3329: 3320: 3307: 3296: 3285: 3265: 3253: 3248:Church History 3238: 3225: 3208: 3191: 3164: 3155: 3142: 3129: 3112: 3099: 3082: 3078:On the Trinity 3069: 3056: 3041: 3032: 3020: 3007: 2994: 2977: 2964: 2947: 2943:On the Trinity 2934: 2921: 2906: 2891: 2885:Timothy Ware, 2878: 2876:, vol. 8, 368. 2865: 2852: 2845: 2827: 2818: 2809: 2800: 2786: 2775: 2764: 2753: 2731: 2722: 2710: 2698: 2688: 2653: 2644: 2630: 2617: 2608: 2599: 2590: 2567: 2553: 2544: 2542:The CLC Press. 2531: 2521: 2508: 2499: 2485: 2465: 2447: 2434: 2421: 2401: 2386: 2369: 2349: 2338: 2324: 2295: 2271: 2257: 2232: 2223: 2208: 2193: 2178: 2166: 2151: 2136: 2122: 2104: 2090: 2070: 2061: 2052: 2043: 2032: 2017: 2004: 2001:. p. 289. 1989: 1977: 1962: 1949: 1931: 1908: 1888: 1881:Klaus Schatz, 1873: 1862: 1853: 1842: 1828: 1817: 1802: 1793: 1782: 1767: 1756: 1738: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1697: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1652: 1649: 1643: 1640: 1605:Holy Tradition 1594: 1591: 1570:Main article: 1567: 1564: 1539: 1536: 1528: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1514:Holy Tradition 1500: 1497: 1473: 1470: 1426:Main article: 1423: 1420: 1400:Church Fathers 1383: 1380: 1379: 1378: 1367: 1360: 1357:Constantinople 1353: 1342: 1335: 1332:Episcopal sees 1328: 1321: 1315: 1312:Church Fathers 1309: 1306: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1272: 1269: 1245:Church Fathers 1222:Main article: 1219: 1216: 1212:James the Just 1199:sola scriptura 1192: 1189: 1185:solus Christus 1166: 1165: 1124: 1122: 1115: 1109: 1106: 1052: 1049: 1040: 1035: 1022: 1019: 996: 993: 991: 988: 951: 948: 946: 943: 916: 913: 866:ultramontanism 857: 854: 826: 823: 795:Constantinople 774: 771: 769: 766: 745:Main article: 742: 739: 723:declaratum est 710: 707: 693:Pope Clement V 689:Pope Gregory I 684: 681: 664: 661: 652: 649: 648: 647: 594:Pope Damasus I 586:Constantinople 564: 561: 546: 543: 534: 531: 518:Lateran Palace 506:Edict of Milan 501: 498: 469: 466: 458:Pope Stephen I 437:Main article: 434: 431: 425: 424:Peter and Paul 422: 411: 408: 400:Pope Damasus I 392:Pope Sixtus II 388:Pope Stephen I 383: 380: 333:Main article: 330: 327: 243: 240: 209:Bishop of Rome 199: 198: 154: 152: 145: 78: 64:permanent link 27: 16: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10534: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10499: 10497: 10490: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10469: 10466: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10454:Aidan Nichols 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10434:Michał Heller 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10424:Walter Kasper 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10391: 10389: 10385: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10353:Thomas Merton 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10323:Jean Daniélou 10321: 10319: 10316: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10200: 10198: 10194: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10062:Joseph Görres 10060: 10059: 10057: 10053: 10047: 10046:Bruno Lanteri 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10002: 10001:Blaise Pascal 9999: 9996: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9896: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9861:John of Ávila 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9804: 9799: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9747: 9743: 9741: 9740:Walter Hilton 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9710:Richard Rolle 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9678: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9591:Peter Lombard 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9576:Peter Abelard 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9543: 9541: 9539: 9535: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9468:Monothelitism 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9458:John Climacus 9456: 9454: 9451: 9450: 9448: 9446: 9442: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9345:Monophysitism 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9265: 9261: 9259: 9258:Justin Martyr 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9248: 9244: 9242: 9241: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9224: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9204: 9202: 9200: 9196: 9190: 9187: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9174: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9161: 9160:Papal primacy 9158: 9157: 9156: 9153: 9149: 9146: 9145: 9144: 9141: 9140: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9125: 9121: 9114: 9109: 9107: 9102: 9100: 9095: 9094: 9091: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9067: 9057: 9056: 9053: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9036: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8974: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8959: 8957: 8953: 8945: 8942: 8941: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8919:Mother Teresa 8917: 8915: 8912: 8909: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8884: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8872: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8845:Pope Pius XII 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8827: 8825: 8823: 8819: 8813: 8812: 8811:Rerum novarum 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8795:Pope Leo XIII 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8765:United States 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8755:Pope Pius VII 8753: 8752: 8750: 8746: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8594: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8570: 8565: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8527: 8524: 8523: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8508: 8506: 8504: 8500: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8438:Scholasticism 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8413:Pope Urban II 8411: 8410: 8408: 8406: 8402: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8332: 8330: 8328: 8324: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8253: 8250: 8249: 8248: 8245: 8244: 8242: 8238: 8230: 8226: 8223: 8219: 8215: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8189:Justin Martyr 8187: 8183: 8180: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8162: 8161: 8158: 8157: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8138: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8101: 8100: 8099:New Testament 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8062:Commissioning 8060: 8059: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8017: 8016: 8013: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8006:Apostolic Age 8002: 7998: 7995: 7991: 7987: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7950: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7913: 7912: 7909: 7905: 7902: 7901: 7900: 7897: 7893: 7892:Papal primacy 7890: 7889: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7871: 7868: 7867: 7866: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7858: 7854: 7850: 7846: 7839: 7834: 7832: 7827: 7825: 7820: 7819: 7816: 7804: 7796: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7783: 7780: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7736: 7734: 7730: 7724: 7721: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7706: 7702: 7701: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7691: 7689: 7685: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7607: 7603: 7597: 7594: 7590: 7587: 7586: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7579:Popular piety 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7548: 7545: 7544: 7543: 7540: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7512: 7511: 7508: 7504: 7501: 7500: 7499: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7487: 7484: 7478: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7460: 7457: 7456: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7441: 7439: 7437: 7433: 7425: 7422: 7421: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7374: 7373: 7370: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7360:People of God 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7342: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7324: 7321: 7320: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7288: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7231: 7230: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7222: 7218: 7206: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7190: 7188: 7186: 7182: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7159: 7156: 7155: 7154: 7151: 7150: 7148: 7146: 7142: 7136: 7133: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7070: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7042: 7039: 7036: 7032: 7027: 7026:Denominations 7023: 7011: 7008: 7007: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6995:Enlightenment 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6969: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6926: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6899: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6871: 6863: 6860: 6859: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6792: 6791: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6777: 6774: 6771: 6765: 6760: 6756: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6715: 6709: 6708:New Testament 6706: 6704: 6703:Old Testament 6701: 6699: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6643: 6640: 6636: 6629: 6624: 6622: 6617: 6615: 6610: 6609: 6606: 6596: 6591: 6584: 6572: 6569: 6568: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6546: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6539:Armenian Rite 6537: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6519: 6513: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6497: 6493: 6491: 6490: 6486: 6484: 6483: 6482:Missa Nautica 6479: 6477: 6476:Gallican Rite 6474: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6446: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6427: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6384: 6380: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6360: 6357: 6356: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6346: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6334:Rite of Braga 6332: 6330: 6327: 6326: 6324: 6320: 6317: 6314: 6307: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6292: 6284: 6281: 6280: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6267: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6235: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6205: 6202: 6201: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6152:Book of hours 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6131: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6089: 6087: 6083: 6076: 6073: 6068: 6065: 6062: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6050: 6047: 6044: 6041: 6038: 6035: 6032: 6029: 6026: 6023: 6020: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6012: 6007: 6003: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5979: 5978:Missa Cantata 5975: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5937: 5936: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5926: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5855: 5850: 5848: 5843: 5841: 5836: 5835: 5832: 5820: 5812: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5799: 5796: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5774: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5750:Home Missions 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5732: 5730: 5728: 5724: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5644: 5643:Saint Francis 5641: 5637: 5634: 5633: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5626:Saint Dominic 5624: 5623: 5622: 5619: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5595: 5592: 5591: 5589: 5587: 5581: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5439:Bethlehemites 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5403: 5398: 5394: 5388: 5387: 5383: 5381: 5380: 5376: 5374: 5373: 5369: 5366: 5362: 5361:Vatican Radio 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5348: 5347: 5346:Vatican Media 5344: 5342: 5339: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5330: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5279: 5276: 5275: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5252: 5249: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5240: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5207: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5187: 5186: 5183: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5143: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5003: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4959: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4946: 4943: 4942: 4941: 4938: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4925: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4888: 4885: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4870: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4797: 4794: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4780: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4710: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4687: 4684: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4671: 4670: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4643:List of popes 4639: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4606: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4544: 4543: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4531: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4513: 4510: 4506: 4503: 4502: 4501: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4456: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4427:Mother of God 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4391: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4373: 4370: 4369: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4336: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4324: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4312:People of God 4310: 4308: 4307: 4303: 4301: 4300:Infallibility 4298: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4285: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4268: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4255: 4249: 4246: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4176:Body and soul 4174: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4160: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4143: 4138: 4134: 4129: 4125: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4079:Enlightenment 4077: 4075: 4072: 4066: 4063: 4062: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4052: 4051: 4050:Protestantism 4048: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4039: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4027:Scholasticism 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4012:Schism (1378) 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3997:Schism (1054) 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3971: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3916: 3908: 3905: 3904: 3903: 3900: 3896: 3893: 3892: 3891: 3888: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3875: 3874: 3871: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3847: 3844: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3816: 3812: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3784: 3780: 3773: 3768: 3766: 3761: 3759: 3754: 3753: 3750: 3744: 3741: 3737: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3718: 3709: 3705: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3689: 3685: 3682: 3678: 3675: 3671: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3654: 3650: 3645: 3641: 3639:0-8146-5522-X 3635: 3631: 3630:Papal Primacy 3626: 3623: 3619: 3616: 3612: 3609: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3595: 3592: 3588: 3585: 3581: 3579: 3575: 3572: 3568: 3565: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3551: 3548: 3544: 3541: 3537: 3534: 3530: 3527: 3523: 3520: 3516: 3513: 3509: 3506: 3502: 3499: 3495: 3492: 3488: 3485: 3481: 3478: 3474: 3471: 3467: 3464: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3443: 3439: 3436: 3432: 3429: 3425: 3422: 3418: 3415: 3411: 3408: 3404: 3401: 3397: 3394: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3380: 3377: 3373: 3372: 3361: 3355: 3348: 3342: 3333: 3324: 3317: 3311: 3305: 3300: 3294: 3289: 3282: 3278: 3276: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3251: 3249: 3242: 3235: 3229: 3222: 3218: 3212: 3205: 3201: 3195: 3187: 3180: 3175: 3168: 3159: 3152: 3146: 3140:Chapter 10.45 3139: 3133: 3126: 3122: 3116: 3109: 3103: 3096: 3092: 3086: 3079: 3073: 3066: 3060: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3036: 3029: 3024: 3017: 3011: 3005:Chapter 10.45 3004: 2998: 2991: 2987: 2981: 2974: 2968: 2961: 2957: 2951: 2944: 2938: 2931: 2925: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2902: 2895: 2888: 2882: 2875: 2869: 2862: 2856: 2848: 2842: 2838: 2831: 2822: 2813: 2804: 2798: 2797: 2790: 2784: 2779: 2773: 2768: 2762: 2757: 2741: 2735: 2726: 2719: 2714: 2708: 2702: 2692: 2684: 2671: 2663: 2657: 2648: 2640: 2634: 2628: 2627: 2621: 2612: 2603: 2594: 2578: 2571: 2563: 2557: 2548: 2541: 2535: 2525: 2518: 2512: 2503: 2488: 2482: 2478: 2477: 2469: 2462:. New Advent. 2461: 2459: 2451: 2444: 2438: 2431: 2425: 2419: 2417: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2399: 2393: 2391: 2383: 2372: 2366: 2362: 2361: 2353: 2347: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2328: 2321: 2308: 2307: 2299: 2293: 2291: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2269: 2267: 2261: 2245: 2244: 2236: 2227: 2221: 2219: 2212: 2206: 2204: 2197: 2191: 2189: 2182: 2175: 2170: 2164: 2162: 2155: 2149: 2147: 2140: 2132: 2126: 2120: 2118: 2111: 2109: 2102: 2101: 2094: 2088: 2086: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2065: 2056: 2047: 2041: 2036: 2030: 2028: 2021: 2014: 2008: 2000: 1993: 1986: 1981: 1974: 1972: 1966: 1959: 1958:Papal Primacy 1953: 1947: 1945: 1938: 1936: 1929: 1927: 1924:Paul Misner, 1921: 1919: 1912: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1892: 1886: 1884: 1877: 1871: 1866: 1857: 1851: 1846: 1840: 1839: 1832: 1826: 1821: 1815: 1813: 1806: 1797: 1791: 1786: 1780: 1778: 1771: 1765: 1760: 1753: 1741: 1735: 1731: 1730: 1722: 1718: 1702: 1698: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1648: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1601: 1589: 1587: 1586:modus vivendi 1581: 1579: 1573: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1535: 1533: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1502: 1496: 1494: 1488: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1469: 1465: 1463: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1440: 1435: 1429: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1396:Matthew 18:18 1393: 1392:Matthew 16:18 1389: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1340: 1336: 1333: 1329: 1326: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1274: 1268: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1241:Matthew 16:18 1237: 1235: 1234:Matthew 16:18 1231: 1225: 1218:Orthodox view 1215: 1213: 1209: 1203: 1201: 1200: 1188: 1186: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1162: 1159: 1151: 1141: 1137: 1131: 1130: 1125:This section 1123: 1119: 1114: 1113: 1105: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1048: 1046: 1039: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1027:Robert Runcie 1017: 1012: 1010: 1004: 1002: 987: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 942: 938: 934: 932: 931:Lumen Gentium 928: 927: 926:Lumen Gentium 922: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 894: 890: 885: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 853: 851: 847: 842: 840: 836: 832: 831:Martin Luther 822: 819: 818:Andronicus II 815: 809: 807: 802: 801:in the East. 800: 796: 792: 789:that divided 788: 784: 780: 765: 762: 758: 754: 748: 738: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 706: 704: 700: 699: 694: 691:(590-604) to 690: 680: 678: 674: 673:apostolic see 670: 660: 657: 645: 644: 643: 641: 640:Pope Gelasius 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 619:Pope Siricius 616: 615:Matthew 16:18 612: 608: 607:Apostolic See 602: 600: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 569: 560: 557: 553: 552:Theodosius II 542: 540: 530: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 497: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 465: 461: 459: 454: 449: 447: 440: 430: 420: 415: 407: 405: 404:Apostolic See 401: 397: 393: 389: 379: 377: 373: 367: 362: 360: 357:In the West, 354: 352: 345: 343: 336: 325: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 296: 294: 290: 286: 285:To the Romans 282: 277: 273: 268: 266: 260: 258: 254: 250: 239: 235: 232: 228: 224: 223: 218: 214: 210: 206: 195: 192: 184: 174: 170: 164: 163: 159: 153: 144: 143: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 99: 90: 86: 81: 79:Laurel Lodged 74: 73: 70: 65: 54: 39: 35: 30: 28:Laurel Lodged 23: 10489: 10439:Peter Kreeft 10387:21st century 10378:Henri Nouwen 10288:Jean Guitton 10268:Fulton Sheen 10196:20th century 10097:Jaime Balmes 10055:19th century 9876:Luis de León 9757:Geert Groote 9744: 9561:Peter Damian 9400:John Cassian 9340:Nestorianism 9262: 9245: 9238: 9221: 9199:Early Church 9033: 9029:Pope Francis 8955:21st century 8904:Pope Paul VI 8881: 8869: 8822:20th century 8809: 8760:Pope Pius IX 8748:19th century 8724:Pope Pius VI 8591: 8463:Latin Empire 8433:Universities 8385:Pope Leo III 8252:Christianity 8237:state church 8229:Great Church 8030:Resurrection 7993:(30–325/476) 7990:Early Church 7975:Latin Church 7970:Papal States 7965:Vatican City 7703: 7498:Architecture 7392:Confirmation 7340:Ecclesiology 7271:Original sin 7261:Nicene Creed 7058:Old Catholic 6942:Papal States 6874:Great Church 6840:Resurrection 6782:Christianity 6739:New Covenant 6690:(Scriptures) 6635:Christianity 6494: 6487: 6480: 6459:Hereford Use 6436:African Rite 6366:Anglican Use 6306:Latin Church 6260:Sacramentary 6255:Roman Ritual 6243:Roman Missal 6051:(ninth hour) 6039:(third hour) 5976: 5962:Holy Qurbono 5957:Holy Qurbana 5894:Confirmation 5789:Universities 5621:Third orders 5584:Associations 5574:Visitandines 5569:Trinitarians 5519:Mercedarians 5504:Hieronymites 5449:Camaldoleses 5434:Benedictines 5424:Augustinians 5384: 5377: 5370: 5351:Vatican News 5305:Distinctions 5111:Syro-Malabar 4996:Latin Church 4918:Grand master 4816:Metropolitan 4713:Vatican City 4608:Organisation 4487:Philosophers 4352:Confirmation 4329:In canon law 4323:Subsistit in 4321: 4317:Three states 4304: 4265: 4258:Ecclesiology 4240:Nova Vulgata 4238: 4196:Original sin 4191:Nicene Creed 4181:Divine grace 4140: 4022:Universities 3992:Papal States 3919:Great Church 3861:Resurrection 3838:Early Church 3733: 3707: 3701: 3694: 3687: 3680: 3673: 3666: 3648: 3629: 3621: 3614: 3607: 3597: 3590: 3583: 3577: 3570: 3563: 3553: 3546: 3539: 3532: 3525: 3518: 3511: 3504: 3497: 3490: 3483: 3476: 3469: 3462: 3455: 3448: 3441: 3434: 3427: 3420: 3413: 3406: 3399: 3392: 3388: 3382: 3375: 3359: 3354: 3346: 3341: 3332: 3323: 3315: 3310: 3299: 3288: 3280: 3274: 3268: 3256: 3247: 3241: 3233: 3228: 3220: 3216: 3211: 3203: 3199: 3194: 3185: 3177: 3173: 3167: 3158: 3150: 3145: 3137: 3132: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3107: 3102: 3094: 3085: 3080:. Book VI.37 3077: 3072: 3064: 3059: 3051: 3044: 3035: 3027: 3023: 3015: 3010: 3002: 2997: 2989: 2985: 2980: 2972: 2967: 2959: 2950: 2945:. Book VI.37 2942: 2937: 2929: 2924: 2916: 2909: 2900: 2894: 2886: 2881: 2873: 2868: 2860: 2855: 2836: 2830: 2821: 2812: 2803: 2795: 2789: 2778: 2767: 2756: 2744:. Retrieved 2734: 2725: 2713: 2701: 2691: 2679:|title= 2670:cite journal 2661: 2656: 2647: 2633: 2625: 2620: 2611: 2602: 2593: 2581:. Retrieved 2570: 2556: 2547: 2539: 2534: 2524: 2511: 2502: 2490:. Retrieved 2475: 2468: 2457: 2450: 2442: 2437: 2429: 2424: 2415: 2381: 2374:. Retrieved 2359: 2352: 2341: 2333: 2327: 2318: 2311:. Retrieved 2305: 2298: 2289: 2265: 2260: 2248:. 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10373:Jean Vanier 10358:René Girard 10343:Alfred Delp 10308:Yves Congar 10303:Karl Rahner 10278:Dorothy Day 10263:Edith Stein 10233:Ronald Knox 9831:John Fisher 9826:Thomas More 9803:Reformation 9695:Duns Scotus 9690:Ramon Llull 9683:and reforms 9671:Roger Bacon 9636:Bonaventure 9546:Roscellinus 9335:Pelagianism 9306:Constantine 9129:Key figures 9035:Laudato si' 8830:Pope Pius X 8659:Philip Neri 8634:Pope Pius V 8609:Thomas More 8478:Inquisition 8380:Charlemagne 8340:Monasticism 8150:Persecution 8042:Holy Spirit 8025:Crucifixion 7904:First seven 7759:Persecution 7694:Christendom 7687:Cooperation 7624:Charismatic 7535:Holy Spirit 7444:Natural law 7407:Holy orders 7256:Christology 7249:Holy Spirit 7118:Pentecostal 7098:Evangelical 7093:Charismatic 6937:Monasticism 6929:Middle Ages 6892:Constantine 6835:Crucifixion 6717:Foundations 6549:West Syriac 6489:Missa sicca 6454:Durham Rite 6449:Celtic Rite 6211:Martyrology 6179:Gospel Book 6174:Euchologion 6147:Antiphonary 6021:(nighttime) 5984:Solemn Mass 5914:Holy Orders 5779:Health care 5765:Pax Christi 5717:Schoenstatt 5682:Sant'Egidio 5514:Legionaries 5494:Franciscans 5469:Cistercians 5464:Carthusians 5419:Annonciades 5278:Altarpieces 5171:West Syriac 5166:East Syriac 5146:Alexandrian 4770:Holy orders 4751:Swiss Guard 4691:Dicasteries 4686:Roman Curia 4584:Evangelists 4542:Holy Family 4477:Personalism 4467:Natural law 4445:Josephology 4379:Holy orders 4017:Inquisition 3974:Middle Ages 3964:Monasticism 3932:Constantine 3856:Crucifixion 3262:Millennium" 1745:22 December 1578:Yves Congar 1444:circumcised 1009:Reformation 878:ex cathedra 825:Reformation 814:John Bekkos 753:Pope Leo IX 735:Apostolicus 372:Saint Peter 20:This is an 10496:Categories 10459:Scott Hahn 9836:Johann Eck 9488:Iconoclasm 9420:Pope Leo I 9280:Tertullian 8908:coronation 8614:Pope Leo X 8199:Tertullian 8129:Revelation 8104:Background 7673:Prosperity 7649:Liberation 7589:Cathedrals 7574:Pilgrimage 7559:Literature 7436:Philosophy 7372:Sacraments 7345:Four marks 7306:Protestant 7281:Born again 7078:Anabaptist 7068:Protestant 7010:Influences 6972:Modern era 6676:By country 6344:Roman Rite 6295:Liturgical 6216:Pontifical 6194:Lectionary 6189:Horologion 6124:Procession 5994:Papal Mass 5881:Sacraments 5861:Sacraments 5534:Oratorians 5489:Dominicans 5459:Carmelites 5454:Camillians 5402:institutes 5215:Tridentine 5151:Antiochian 5071:Macedonian 5016:Belarusian 4906:Provincial 4821:Archbishop 4741:Roman Rota 4703:Properties 4628:By country 4624:Precedence 4589:Confessors 4569:Archangels 4559:Patriarchs 4459:Philosophy 4437:Veneration 4402:Assumption 4372:Last rites 4339:Sacraments 4283:Four marks 4094:Vatican II 4042:Modern era 3878:Succession 3649:The Papacy 3273:Eusebius, 3250:, V, xxiii 3246:Eusebius, 3182:quoted in 3172:Eusebius. 3065:On Modesty 2930:On Modesty 2746:22 January 2583:20 January 2492:1 November 2376:14 October 2313:17 October 2250:1 November 2013:The Church 1922:quoted in 1448:Mosaic law 1404:Tertullian 1364:patriarchs 1297:Apostolic 1249:Tertullian 1180:ecumenical 839:Antichrist 835:Pope Leo X 677:Pope Leo I 631:Pope Leo I 504:After the 489:episcopate 485:Pope Linus 374:among the 359:Ludwig Ott 158:neutrality 10363:Hans Küng 10152:Léon Bloy 10142:Modernism 9995:Jansenism 9681:Mysticism 9275:Montanism 8924:Communism 8894:Ecumenism 8240:(380–451) 8232:(180–451) 8221:(313–476) 8143:(100–325) 7749:Criticism 7699:Ecumenism 7663:Mysticism 7629:Democracy 7619:Anarchism 7606:Movements 7569:Mythology 7547:Catechism 7542:Education 7459:Evolution 7382:Eucharist 7365:Canon law 7323:Theotokos 7318:Mariology 7276:Salvation 7266:Tradition 7113:Methodist 7073:Adventist 6907:Chalcedon 6554:Malankara 6464:Sarum Use 6371:Zaire Use 6169:Customary 5919:Matrimony 5899:Eucharist 5869:liturgies 5775:See also: 5727:Charities 5636:Discalced 5564:Trappists 5559:Theatines 5529:Olivetans 5474:Clarisses 5444:Blue nuns 5429:Basilians 5406:societies 5314:See also: 5200:Mozarabic 5190:Ambrosian 5176:Malankara 5161:Byzantine 5121:Ukrainian 5096:Ruthenian 5061:Hungarian 5046:Ethiopian 5021:Bulgarian 4988:sui iuris 4972:Postulant 4881:Religious 4836:Auxiliary 4831:Coadjutor 4801:Patriarch 4669:Cardinals 4616:Canon law 4612:Hierarchy 4594:Disciples 4517:Relations 4505:Evolution 4496:See also: 4441:See also: 4394:Mariology 4384:Matrimony 4357:Eucharist 4278:Ecumenism 4206:Salvation 4142:Catechism 4137:Tradition 4099:Communism 3947:Chalcedon 3562:, (1985) 3560:Palladius 2707:Document" 1960:, pp. 4-6 1714:Citations 1693:Footnotes 1600:Scripture 1552:cardinals 1530:See also 1416:Augustine 1261:Augustine 880:) and of 733:esset et 539:decretals 533:Decretals 169:talk page 9895:Molinism 9473:Ecthesis 9425:Boethius 9330:Arianism 9320:Eusebius 9270:Irenaeus 9234:Polycarp 9148:Timeline 8934:HIV/AIDS 8428:Crusades 8182:Irenaeus 8175:Ignatius 8170:Polycarp 8020:Ministry 8008:(30–100) 7882:Timeline 7803:Category 7668:Pacifism 7482:features 7466:Politics 7419:Ablution 7387:Marriage 7291:Catholic 7221:Theology 7128:Reformed 7108:Lutheran 7103:Holiness 7083:Anglican 7053:Catholic 6957:Crusades 6902:Nicaea I 6852:Apostles 6825:Miracles 6820:Parables 6810:Ministry 6800:Nativity 6764:timeline 6661:Prophets 6656:Glossary 6518:Churches 6469:York Use 6445:British 6157:Breviary 6102:Exorcism 6092:Asperges 6075:Compline 6061:Evensong 5972:Low Mass 5819:Category 5712:Opus Dei 5697:Scouting 5687:Focolare 5554:Servites 5539:Piarists 5484:Crosiers 5220:Anglican 5156:Armenian 5086:Romanian 5076:Maronite 5051:Georgian 5041:Eritrean 5026:Chaldean 5011:Armenian 5006:Albanian 4887:Superior 4846:Emeritus 4826:Diocesan 4679:Advisers 4638:Holy See 4564:Prophets 4522:Politics 4293:Catholic 4273:Councils 4128:Theology 4007:Crusades 3942:Nicaea I 3873:Apostles 3851:Ministry 3820:Timeline 3800:Glossary 2445:, p. 116 2432:, p. 114 1956:Schatz, 1651:See also 1617:catholic 1504:Not one 1462:Eusebius 1439:gentiles 1362:Eastern 1339:Apostles 1293:Rome is 1148:May 2012 978:and the 727:pontifex 590:New Rome 578:New Rome 520:and the 162:disputed 89:contribs 38:contribs 9816:Erasmus 9666:Thomism 9405:Orosius 9380:Ambrose 9295:Cyprian 9223:Didache 9177:Vulgate 9136:General 8899:Judaism 8299:Vulgate 8109:Gospels 8084:Stephen 8001:Origins 7921:Vulgate 7857:General 7847:of the 7845:History 7732:Related 7525:Trinity 7490:Culture 7454:Science 7424:Hygiene 7414:Mission 7397:Penance 7377:Baptism 7313:Worship 7286:Liturgy 7234:Trinity 7145:Eastern 7123:Quakers 7088:Baptist 7045:Western 7035:members 6805:Baptism 6759:History 6749:Worship 6651:Outline 6571:Malabar 6525:liturgy 6429:Defunct 6322:Current 6228:Psalter 6184:Gradual 6112:Requiem 6107:Funeral 6055:Vespers 5904:Penance 5889:Baptism 5871:of the 5784:Schools 5740:Caritas 5648:Secular 5614:Workers 5509:Jesuits 5295:Museums 5290:Library 5268:Writers 5263:Artists 5243:Culture 5210:Paul VI 5091:Russian 5081:Melkite 4923:Brother 4901:General 4841:Titular 4811:Primate 4789:Eparchy 4779:Diocese 4726:Outline 4665:College 4655:Francis 4599:Virgins 4574:Martyrs 4500:Science 4407:History 4362:Penance 4347:Baptism 4248:Worship 4221:Vulgate 4169:Kingdom 4164:Trinity 4152:General 3907:Primacy 3815:History 3795:Outline 3369:Sources 3030:, p153. 1613:de jure 1580:stated 1548:liturgy 1434:Acts 15 1388:primacy 1282:charism 1210:it was 919:At the 633:to the 554:and of 361:wrote: 344:wrote: 306:kephale 253:Trinity 9508:Alcuin 9390:Jerome 9285:Origen 8865:Nazism 8687:to the 8294:Jerome 8204:Origen 7887:Papacy 7449:Ethics 7330:Saints 7239:Father 7158:Church 6770:spread 6734:Gospel 6724:Church 6666:People 6383:Orders 6250:Tonary 6233:Missal 6142:Agpeya 6067:Ramsha 6045:(noon) 6019:Matins 5867:, and 5662:Fimcap 5604:Marian 5524:Minims 5256:Marian 5106:Syriac 5101:Slovak 5031:Coptic 4967:Oblate 4962:Master 4957:Novice 4952:Hermit 4940:Sister 4896:Abbess 4863:Deacon 4858:Priest 4853:Parish 4796:Bishop 4766:Polity 4552:Joseph 4534:Saints 4201:Saints 4089:Nazism 3655: 3636: 3089:"For ( 2954:"For ( 2843: 2483: 2367: 1752:union. 1736: 1560:Jesuit 1373:- the 1325:synods 1301:, not 1299:throne 1089:protos 1085:protos 1073:protoi 1069:protoi 864:where 761:schism 731:Primas 322:protos 318:protos 314:protos 310:protos 302:protos 293:protos 257:Christ 8967:Islam 8235:Roman 8194:Canon 8067:Peter 8015:Jesus 7658:Right 7564:Music 7515:Jesus 7480:Other 7335:Angel 6790:Jesus 6780:Early 6729:Creed 6698:Canon 6686:Bible 6646:Index 6311:Latin 6297:rites 6049:Nones 6037:Terce 6031:Prime 6025:Lauds 5865:rites 5760:CIDSE 5609:Youth 5333:Media 5300:Music 5225:Zaire 5205:Roman 5195:Braga 5185:Latin 5056:Greek 4928:Friar 4892:Abbot 4806:Major 4721:Index 4620:Laity 4186:Dogma 4133:Bible 4109:Islam 4065:Trent 3846:Jesus 3828:Legal 3790:Index 3028:Ibid. 2529:2008. 1346:Latin 1081:taxis 1077:taxis 663:Leo I 477:Peter 446:Linus 351:agape 289:taxis 272:agape 9478:Bede 9207:Paul 9017:2023 9012:2019 9007:2016 9002:2013 8997:2011 8992:2008 8987:2005 8982:2002 8977:2000 8944:1995 8114:Acts 8077:Paul 8072:John 8047:Mary 7654:Left 7554:Flag 7520:Mary 7031:list 6043:Sext 5967:Mass 5285:Folk 4933:Monk 4674:List 4652:Pope 4547:Mary 3653:ISBN 3634:ISBN 3091:John 2956:John 2841:ISBN 2748:2009 2683:help 2585:2009 2494:2011 2481:ISBN 2378:2011 2365:ISBN 2315:2011 2252:2011 1747:2011 1734:ISBN 1337:The 1278:Paul 999:The 806:Mass 793:and 791:Rome 777:The 516:and 481:Paul 479:and 203:The 155:The 131:diff 125:) | 123:diff 111:diff 85:talk 34:talk 8003:and 7953:Art 7510:Art 7244:Son 7229:God 5599:Lay 5251:Art 4945:Nun 4667:of 4159:God 1619:). 1450:. 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