438:, and having been president of the California Society of Internal Medicine since 1974, was appointed to lead a committee established to re-draft the rules. He had noted problems in the policy of mandatory testing of all black people, saying at a press conference that "who is black or how black is black" is not always clear. He also criticized the screening programs for providing inappropriate counselling. One problem he highlighted was that it could lead to the racial status providing grounds to increase insurance premiums.
513:, published in 2004. The report found that the medical workforce in the United States was not as diverse as the population it served. The document adds to evidence that calls for greater racial and ethnic diversity among health professionals, with the aim of improving access to care for racial and ethnic minorities. In 2005 he was chosen to chair a committee established to assess the medical needs of disabled veterans. It resulted in the 2007
450:, Bristow was elected onto the AMA board of trustees. At the time, he told the press that he wanted to show that "competence is not determined by skin color", and that he would advocate for better health care for minorities. During his tenure as Chair of the AMA Board of Trustees, it was successful in obtaining partial AMA support for the
542:
The
California Medical Action Committee awarded Bristow their Award of Excellence in 1976. The following year he was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. In 1989, he received the Contra Costa County Humanitarian of the Year award, and the following year received
433:
Before universal testing of newborns, and two years after drafting of a
California state policy to "detect, as early as possible, sickle cell anaemia", it was announced that it would be enforced, with the requirement to test "all black hospital patients in California". Bristow, an advocate for
370:. He was inspired by visits to his mother at her workplace to enter the medical profession. He later recounted that "one of the things that most impressed me in those visits was the realization that many cultures were represented on the staff." He attended
529:
Bristow was married to
Margaret Jeter from 1957 to 1961, when they divorced. That year he married Marilyn Hingslage, a nurse; she died in 2017. He has three children, one from his first marriage and two from the second. His son, Robert Bristow, is an
1612:
1570:
509:
469:. He had previously been a member of with the Centers for Disease Control Advisory Committee on the Prevention of HIV Infection, and the Quadrennial Advisory Council on Social Security.
1619:
2802:
2088:
1766:
2347:
977:"Lonnie Bristow / The new head of the American Medical Association talks about the failure of health care reform, insurance company profiteering and proposed cuts in Medicare"
90:(Alter: pages, url. URLs might have been anonymized. Add: newspaper, isbn, pmc, authors 1-1. Removed proxy/dead URL that duplicated identifier. Removed parameters. Formatted
49:(Alter: pages, url. URLs might have been anonymized. Add: newspaper, isbn, pmc, authors 1-1. Removed proxy/dead URL that duplicated identifier. Removed parameters. Formatted
1784:
1718:
2544:
1873:
844:
976:
1236:
2663:
2526:
682:
Todd, J. S.; Rennie, D.; McAfee, R. E.; Bristow, L. R.; Painter, J. T.; Reardon, T. R.; Johnson, D. H.; Corlin, R. F.; Coble, Y. D.; Dickey, N. W. (19 July 1995).
1580:
2812:
2627:
2592:
2538:
2252:
2162:
2106:
1628:
2645:
2317:
2276:
2228:
2141:
2046:
2817:
2735:
2299:
2186:
2135:
1760:
2699:
2639:
2633:
2610:
2574:
2532:
2484:
2472:
2401:
2365:
2156:
2058:
1831:
342:, published in 2004. In 2005 he was chosen to chair a committee established to assess the medical needs of disabled veterans, which resulted in the 2007
2759:
2753:
2723:
2502:
2496:
2425:
2419:
2407:
2371:
2359:
2335:
2323:
2246:
2198:
2147:
1992:
1921:
1825:
2827:
2747:
2717:
2705:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2520:
2508:
2490:
2449:
2443:
2389:
2383:
2341:
2270:
2264:
2082:
1927:
1790:
1688:
882:
2729:
2556:
2466:
2431:
2395:
2240:
2210:
2174:
1998:
1986:
1867:
1843:
1748:
1712:
1670:
1605:
1086:
2711:
2568:
2437:
2305:
2222:
2180:
2168:
2016:
1951:
1879:
1807:
1778:
1035:
Bristow noted many difficulties with mass sickle cell tests: It's not always possible to determine "who is black or how black is black," he said.
387:
167:
2478:
2353:
2258:
1903:
1891:
767:
Institute of
Medicine (US) Committee on Institutional and Policy-Level Strategies for Increasing the Diversity of the U.S. Healthcare Workforce
1909:
1897:
112:
2329:
1448:
476:, elected in 1981. He has consulted on numerous health issues in different organizations, including serving on advisory committees for the
1087:"First Black on AMA Board Makes His Mark : Dr. Lonnie Bristow Sees Trustee's Role as an Opportunity to Improve the Lot of Minorities"
108:
477:
2822:
548:
338:
in 2001. He co-founded the
Sullivan Commission; an initiative to encourage diversity within the medical profession, and co-authored
2797:
1658:
1145:
852:
986:
1389:
1360:
1331:
1184:
1129:
1028:
938:
783:
473:
189:
503:, the Sullivan Commission, an initiative to encourage diversity within the medical profession. Following the publication of
1117:
491:
Bristow was a member of the
Quality of Healthcare in America Committee of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), which published
521:, American health-care financing, problems with professional liability insurance, and the usage of cardiac care units.
350:, American health-care financing, problems with professional liability insurance, and the usage of cardiac care units.
84:
37:
1066:
330:
Bristow was a member of the
Quality of Healthcare in America Committee of the Institute of Medicine, which published
1021:
Advances in Social Theory and
Methodology (RLE Social Theory): Toward an Integration of Micro- and Macro-Sociologies
451:
73:
26:
2562:
1291:
1281:
1017:"3. Intermediate steps between micro- and macro-integration: the case for screening for inherited disorders"
2807:
1632:
544:
485:
461:
president of the AMA in its 148 year history. As AMA president, he headed the introduction of questions on
427:
292:
182:
892:
1682:
1094:
2094:
1652:
531:
2669:
1349:"10. The ultimate challenge; educational and institutional considerations- the Sullivan Commission"
552:
383:
162:
430:(AMA) since 1958, he joined it in 1970, two years after the AMA began to admit Black physicians.
2657:
2651:
1945:
1849:
1597:
981:
410:
at the
University of California Berkeley Hospital. In 1964, he established a private practice in
1499:"How compelling was the interest in ensuring diversity in the allied health sciences workforce?"
2792:
1742:
1406:
80:
33:
1377:
1348:
1016:
926:
740:
1968:
1319:
1262:
1210:
1054:
955:
419:
411:
399:
304:
296:
266:
2787:
2034:
407:
1540:. Vol. 40, no. 3. American Hospital Association. 9 February 2004. pp. 1, 3.
1146:"Medicine: Quality health care for minorities major concern for AMA's first black trustee"
8:
2413:
2076:
1676:
1575:
518:
435:
423:
347:
319:
president of the AMA in its 148 year history, he headed the introduction of questions on
308:
276:
65:
102:. | Suggested by Jay8g | Linked from User:Jay8g/sandbox | #UCB_webform_linked 2219/2376)
61:. | Suggested by Jay8g | Linked from User:Jay8g/sandbox | #UCB_webform_linked 2219/2376)
2514:
2064:
2004:
1736:
1518:
1422:
1195:
1164:
591:
566:
379:
1449:"In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce"
2192:
2052:
2022:
1819:
1694:
1646:
1510:
1476:
1468:
1464:
1426:
1385:
1356:
1327:
1180:
1125:
1062:
1024:
934:
789:
779:
752:
744:
711:
703:
699:
670:
662:
629:
621:
596:
578:
500:
458:
403:
371:
367:
316:
312:
300:
250:
238:
198:
157:
21:
1557:
In the Nation's
Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce
510:
In the Nation's Compelling Interest; Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce
2675:
2580:
2118:
2112:
2028:
2010:
1980:
1885:
1855:
1664:
1460:
1418:
1190:
1172:
960:
771:
736:
695:
654:
586:
543:
California’s Most Distinguished Internist Award. He holds honorary doctorates from
375:
91:
50:
1772:
2765:
2377:
2282:
2204:
1933:
1754:
1286:
1165:"Outstanding Black Physicians and Other Health Professionals in American History"
402:
in 1958 at the Veteran's Administration Hospital in San Francisco and New York's
1552:
1176:
2741:
2550:
2311:
2040:
1915:
1861:
1813:
462:
447:
320:
207:
99:
58:
658:
2781:
2598:
1974:
1939:
1514:
1472:
1355:. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 117–118.
887:
748:
707:
666:
625:
582:
481:
95:
54:
765:
724:
609:
2604:
1700:
1480:
1430:
793:
756:
683:
642:
633:
1324:
Military Medical Ethics: Issues Regarding Dual Loyalties: Workshop Summary
715:
674:
600:
457:
In June 1995 Bristow became president of the AMA. This made him the first
386:
with a bachelor's degree in 1953 and received his medical degree from the
2234:
2216:
2100:
2070:
1837:
1730:
1706:
1050:
1522:
1498:
931:
Forgotten African American Firsts: An Encyclopedia of Pioneering History
1122:
Disorder: A History of Reform, Reaction, and Money in American Medicine
1551:
Smedley, Brian D.; Butler, Adrienne Stith; Bristow, Lonnie R. (2004).
415:
378:, Georgia, for two years, followed by a four year enrollment in the
1724:
775:
466:
446:
In 1985, following a protest by around 200 medical students led by
324:
1627:
515:
A 21st Century System for Evaluating Veteran's Disability Benefits
344:
A 21st Century System for Evaluating Veteran's Disability Benefits
363:
291:(born 1930) is an American physician and former president of the
295:(AMA). In his early career he established a private practice in
1353:
Cultural Competency for Health Administration and Public Health
684:"The Brown and Williamson documents. Where do we go from here?"
359:
143:
933:. California: Bloomsbury Publishing USA. pp. 122–123.
763:
94:. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. |
53:. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. |
1536:"IOM seeks national commitment on broadening diversity".
1503:
Journal of Best Practices in Health Professions Diversity
382:, before returning to his studies. He graduated from the
465:
into medical board exams and encouraged education about
323:
into medical board exams and encouraged education about
1411:
Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing
1326:. Washington DC: National Academies Press. p. 59.
681:
2803:
New York University Grossman School of Medicine alumni
1317:
1550:
1235:
Priest, Dana; Weisskopf, Michael (6 December 1993).
725:"Diversity and the road to the "land of best care""
1019:. In Cetina, Karin Knorr; Cicourel, A. V. (eds.).
764:Smedley, BD; Stith Butler, A; Bristow, LR (2004).
614:The Bulletin of the American College of Physicians
115:| Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
1384:. University of Georgia Press. pp. 215–217.
1061:(2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. p. 49.
881:Miyamoto Walters, Melody M. (November 22, 2010).
2779:
1055:"3. The genetic screening of target populations"
880:
1375:
1234:
517:. He has also written on the UK's and Canada's
388:New York University Grossman School of Medicine
366:minister, and Vivian Wines Bristow, a nurse at
346:. He has also written on the UK's and Canada's
168:New York University Grossman School of Medicine
71:
2813:Presidents of the American Medical Association
1152:. Johnson Publishing Company: 29. 8 July 1985.
964:. Johnson Publishing Company. pp. 82, 85.
426:and HIV/AIDS. Having been affiliated with the
1613:
1442:
1440:
1376:Sullivan, Louis Wade; Chanoff, David (2014).
1230:
1228:
643:"AIDS and the response of organized medicine"
472:Bristow was the first black president of the
362:, New York City, to Lonnie Harlis Bristow, a
203:Promoting diversity in the medical profession
1492:
1490:
1369:
1156:
1080:
1078:
1045:
1043:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
956:"New American Medical Association president"
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
213:Assessing medical needs of disabled veterans
17:
2818:Members of the National Academy of Medicine
1124:. Yale University Press. pp. 462–463.
524:
353:
1620:
1606:
1497:Blagg, James D.; Blagg, Oneida D. (2009).
1496:
1437:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1225:
1109:
478:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
256:University of California Berkeley Hospital
1487:
1254:
1203:
1194:
1163:Williams, Richard Allen (25 April 2020).
1075:
1040:
1023:. New York: Routledge. pp. 125–127.
1001:
925:Ostrom, Hans; Jr, J. David Macey (2023).
907:
741:10.1001/virtualmentor.2003.5.6.pfor1-0306
590:
549:Wayne State University School of Medicine
72:Revision as of 05:13, 3 February 2024 by
2828:20th-century African-American physicians
1544:
1398:
1340:
1273:
1213:. Johnson Publishing Company. March 1994
1162:
947:
924:
735:(6): virtualmentor.2003.5.6.pfor1–0306.
558:
406:, Columbia University. He completed his
47:
1529:
1407:""In the nation's compelling interest""
1306:
1115:
974:
722:
640:
607:
564:
14:
2780:
1446:
1269:. Earl G. Graves, Ltd. pp. 18–19.
1084:
1049:
1014:
876:
874:
872:
870:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
1601:
1453:Journal of Physical Therapy Education
1260:
953:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
537:
474:American Society of Internal Medicine
190:American Society of Internal Medicine
44:
25:
1579:. September 27, 1994. Archived from
1404:
1382:Breaking Ground: My Life in Medicine
1346:
1279:
1263:"Speechmaker or catalyst for change"
842:
968:
867:
507:, he led and co-authored the IOM's
484:(1989–1993). He was elected to the
358:Lonnie Bristow was born in 1930 in
340:In the Nation's Compelling Interest
194:Co-founding the Sullivan Commission
121:
106:
1423:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2005.tb00346.x
1237:"AMA Split on Clinton health plan"
975:Russell, Sabin (August 20, 1995).
807:
723:Bristow, Lonnie R. (1 June 2003).
122:
2839:
1553:"Committee and Staff Biographies"
1118:"15. A new medical progressivism"
927:"Medicine: Lonnie Robert Bristow"
770:. National Academies Press (US).
434:widespread voluntary testing for
64:. The present address (URL) is a
2823:20th-century American physicians
1559:. National Academies Press (US).
1465:10.1097/00001416-200607000-00016
1282:"AMA Elects 1st Black President"
700:10.1001/jama.1995.03530030076038
608:Bristow, Lonnie R. (June 1979).
452:Clinton health care plan of 1993
2798:City College of New York alumni
1563:
1138:
1085:Libman, Gary (12 August 1985).
571:The Western Journal of Medicine
567:"The myth of sickle cell trait"
441:
393:
1318:Institute of Medicine (2009).
1280:Gura, Trisha (June 13, 1994).
954:Jones, Lisa C. (August 1995).
13:
1:
2153:William W. Thayer (1928–1929)
1261:Jones, Joyce (October 1994).
801:
647:The Journal of Legal Medicine
641:Bristow, L. R. (March 1989).
499:in 2001. He co-founded, with
2392:(vice president) (1964–1965)
2067:(vice president) (1915–1916)
1633:American Medical Association
849:Contemporary Black Biography
610:"Medical ethics: quo vadis?"
565:Bristow, L. R. (July 1974).
545:Morehouse School of Medicine
486:National Academy of Medicine
428:American Medical Association
293:American Medical Association
183:American Medical Association
7:
1447:Sharby, Nancy (Fall 2006).
1177:10.1007/978-3-030-41960-8_6
480:on smoking (1987–1994) and
418:with a special interest in
303:with a special interest in
24:of this page, as edited by
10:
2844:
1116:Swenson, Peter A. (2021).
497:Crossing the Quality Chasm
336:Crossing the Quality Chasm
2620:
2459:
2292:
2128:
2095:William Clarence Braisted
1961:
1800:
1653:Alexander Hodgdon Stevens
1639:
883:"Lonnie Bristow (1930- )"
659:10.1080/01947648909513557
532:obstetrician-gynecologist
282:
272:
262:
244:
234:
226:
219:
175:
151:
136:
129:
553:City College of New York
525:Personal life and family
384:City College of New York
354:Early life and education
210:into medical board exams
163:City College of New York
1946:George Miller Sternberg
1850:Joseph Janvier Woodward
1571:"Like father, like son"
1347:Rose, Patti R. (2011).
982:San Francisco Chronicle
845:"Bristow, Lonnie 1930—"
2664:William G. Plested III
2527:Harrison L. Rogers Jr.
1743:David Humphreys Storer
398:Bristow completed his
311:and misinformation on
45:05:13, 3 February 2024
2628:Randolph D. Smoak Jr.
2593:Daniel H. Johnson Jr.
1969:William Williams Keen
1405:Lowe, NK (May 2005).
1378:"13. Missing persons"
1015:Duster, Troy (2015).
559:Selected publications
420:occupational medicine
412:San Pablo, California
305:occupational medicine
297:San Pablo, California
289:Lonnie Robert Bristow
267:Occupational medicine
253:, Columbia University
131:Lonnie Robert Bristow
2539:William S. Hotchkiss
2253:Herman L. Kretschmer
2163:William Gerry Morgan
2107:George de Schweinitz
2035:John Benjamin Murphy
1059:Backdoor to Eugenics
843:Lesinski, Jeanne M.
197:Dispelling myths on
2808:American internists
2646:Donald J. Palmisano
2414:Dwight Locke Wilbur
2318:Edward J. McCormick
2277:Roscoe L. Sensenich
2229:Nathan B. Van Etten
2142:Wendell C. Phillips
2119:William Allen Pusey
2077:Charles Horace Mayo
2047:John A. Witherspoon
1677:Beverly R. Wellford
1659:John Collins Warren
1583:on 26 December 2023
1576:The Washington Post
1294:on 31 December 2023
989:on 21 December 2023
895:on 26 December 2023
855:on 26 December 2023
519:socialized medicine
436:sickle cell disease
424:sickle cell anaemia
348:socialized medicine
309:sickle cell disease
277:Sickle cell disease
113:← Previous revision
2736:Barbara L. McAneny
2515:Frank J. Jirka Jr.
2300:Elmer L. Henderson
2187:Walter L. Bierring
2136:William D. Haggard
2065:Albert Vander Veer
2005:William James Mayo
1761:William O. Baldwin
1737:Nathan Smith Davis
1169:Blacks in Medicine
1097:on 28 January 2024
729:The Virtual Mentor
538:Awards and honours
404:Delafield Hospital
380:United States Navy
251:Delafield Hospital
124:American physician
2775:
2774:
2700:Jeremy A. Lazarus
2640:Yank D. Coble Jr.
2634:Richard F. Corlin
2587:Lonnie R. Bristow
2575:Joseph T. Painter
2533:John J. Coury Jr.
2485:Thomas E. Nesbitt
2473:Richard E. Palmer
2402:Charles L. Hudson
2366:Leonard W. Larson
2193:James S. McLester
2157:Malcolm L. Harris
2089:Alexander Lambert
2059:William L. Rodman
2053:Victor C. Vaughan
2023:William C. Gorgas
1832:Theophilus Parvin
1820:Henry I. Bowditch
1767:George Mendenhall
1695:George Bacon Wood
1647:Nathaniel Chapman
1391:978-0-8203-4663-2
1362:978-0-7637-6164-6
1333:978-0-309-12663-2
1186:978-3-030-41959-2
1131:978-0-300-25740-3
1091:Los Angeles Times
1030:978-0-415-72731-0
940:978-1-4408-7536-6
785:978-0-309-09125-1
501:Louis W. Sullivan
372:Morehouse College
368:Sydenham Hospital
313:sickle cell trait
286:
285:
239:Internal medicine
199:sickle cell trait
188:President of the
158:Morehouse College
2835:
2760:Jack Resneck Jr.
2754:Gerald E. Harmon
2724:Andrew W. Gurman
2676:Nancy H. Nielsen
2581:Robert E. McAfee
2503:Daniel T. Cloud,
2497:Robert B. Hunter
2426:W. C. Bornemeier
2420:Gerald D. Dorman
2408:Milford O. Rouse
2372:George M. Fister
2360:E. Vincent Askey
2348:Gunnar Gundersen
2336:Dwight H. Murray
2324:Walter B. Martin
2247:James E. Paullin
2199:James Tate Mason
2148:Jabez N. Jackson
2113:Ray Lyman Wilbur
2029:William H. Welch
2011:Joseph D. Bryant
1993:John Herr Musser
1981:John Allan Wyeth
1922:James F. Hibberd
1886:A. Y. P. Garnett
1856:John Light Atlee
1826:T. G. Richardson
1665:Reuben D. Mussey
1622:
1615:
1608:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1444:
1435:
1434:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1315:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1290:. Archived from
1277:
1271:
1270:
1267:Black Enterprise
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1232:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1093:. Archived from
1082:
1073:
1072:
1047:
1038:
1037:
1012:
999:
998:
996:
994:
985:. Archived from
972:
966:
965:
951:
945:
944:
922:
905:
904:
902:
900:
891:. Archived from
878:
865:
864:
862:
860:
851:. Archived from
840:
797:
760:
719:
678:
637:
604:
594:
551:(1995), and the
459:African American
317:African American
127:
126:
103:
88:
68:to this version.
63:
62:
46:
42:
41:
22:current revision
2843:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2766:Jesse Ehrenfeld
2748:Susan R. Bailey
2718:Steven J. Stack
2706:Ardis Dee Hoven
2694:Peter W. Carmel
2688:Cecil B. Wilson
2682:J. James Rohack
2670:Ronald M. Davis
2616:
2521:Joseph F. Boyle
2509:William Y. Rial
2491:Hoyt D. Gardner
2455:
2450:Malcolm C. Todd
2444:Russell B. Roth
2390:Donovan F. Ward
2384:Norman A. Welch
2378:Edward R. Annis
2342:David B. Allman
2288:
2283:Ernest E. Irons
2271:Edward L. Bortz
2265:H. H. Shoulders
2205:Charles G. Heyd
2124:
2083:Arthur D. Bevan
1957:
1934:R. Beverly Cole
1928:Donald MacLean,
1796:
1791:Joseph M. Toner
1785:Thomas M. Logan
1755:Samuel D. Gross
1689:Charles A. Pope
1683:Jonathan Knight
1635:
1626:
1596:
1586:
1584:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1549:
1545:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1495:
1488:
1445:
1438:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1345:
1341:
1334:
1316:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1287:Chicago Tribune
1278:
1274:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1241:Washington Post
1233:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1187:
1161:
1157:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1048:
1041:
1031:
1013:
1002:
992:
990:
973:
969:
952:
948:
941:
923:
908:
898:
896:
879:
868:
858:
856:
841:
808:
804:
786:
561:
540:
527:
505:Missing Persons
493:To Err is Human
444:
396:
356:
332:To Err is Human
315:. As the first
307:, and wrote on
263:Sub-specialties
147:
146:, New York City
141:
132:
125:
120:
119:
118:
117:
116:
105:
104:
89:
78:
76:
48:
31:
29:
12:
11:
5:
2841:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2745:
2742:Patrice Harris
2739:
2733:
2730:David O. Barbe
2727:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2658:J. Edward Hill
2655:
2652:John C. Nelson
2649:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2611:Thomas Reardon
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2557:C. John Tupper
2554:
2551:Alan R. Nelson
2548:
2545:James E. Davis
2542:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2467:Max H. Parrott
2463:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2432:Wesley W. Hall
2429:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2396:James Z. Appel
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2312:Louis H. Bauer
2309:
2303:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2244:
2241:Fred W. Rankin
2238:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2211:J. H. J. Upham
2208:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2175:Edward H. Cary
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2041:Abraham Jacobi
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1999:L. S. McMurtry
1996:
1990:
1987:Frank Billings
1984:
1978:
1972:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1916:Hunter McGuire
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1874:William Brodie
1871:
1868:H. F. Campbell
1865:
1862:Austin Flint I
1859:
1853:
1847:
1844:John T. Hodgen
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1814:J. Marion Sims
1811:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1749:Henry F. Askew
1746:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1713:Harvey Lindsly
1710:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1671:James Moultrie
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1602:
1595:
1594:
1562:
1543:
1528:
1486:
1436:
1397:
1390:
1368:
1361:
1339:
1332:
1305:
1272:
1253:
1224:
1202:
1185:
1155:
1137:
1130:
1108:
1074:
1067:
1039:
1029:
1000:
967:
946:
939:
906:
866:
805:
803:
800:
799:
798:
784:
776:10.17226/10885
761:
720:
694:(3): 256–258.
679:
638:
620:(6): 417–418.
605:
560:
557:
539:
536:
526:
523:
463:medical ethics
448:Benjamin Spock
443:
440:
395:
392:
355:
352:
321:medical ethics
284:
283:
280:
279:
274:
270:
269:
264:
260:
259:
258:
257:
254:
246:
242:
241:
236:
232:
231:
228:
224:
223:
221:Medical career
217:
216:
215:
214:
211:
208:medical ethics
204:
201:
195:
192:
186:
177:
176:Known for
173:
172:
171:
170:
165:
160:
153:
149:
148:
142:
138:
134:
133:
130:
123:
74:
66:permanent link
27:
16:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2840:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2793:Living people
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2712:Robert M. Wah
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2599:Percy Wootton
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2569:John L. Clowe
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2438:C. A. Hoffman
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2306:John W. Cline
2304:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2223:Rock Sleyster
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2181:Dean D. Lewis
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2169:E. Starr Judd
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2017:H. L. Burrell
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1975:C. A. L. Reed
1973:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1952:J. M. Mathews
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1940:Nicholas Senn
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1880:E. H. Gregory
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1808:W. K. Bowling
1806:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1779:D. W. Yandell
1777:
1774:
1773:Alfred Stillé
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1539:
1532:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1491:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1441:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1393:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1364:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1335:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1276:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1229:
1212:
1206:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1079:
1070:
1068:0-203-42695-9
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
988:
984:
983:
978:
971:
963:
962:
957:
950:
942:
936:
932:
928:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
894:
890:
889:
888:BlackPast.org
884:
877:
875:
873:
871:
854:
850:
846:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
806:
795:
791:
787:
781:
777:
773:
769:
768:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
602:
598:
593:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
563:
562:
556:
554:
550:
546:
535:
533:
522:
520:
516:
512:
511:
506:
502:
498:
495:in 1999, and
494:
489:
487:
483:
482:HIV infection
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
439:
437:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:in 1999, and
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
281:
278:
275:
271:
268:
265:
261:
255:
252:
249:
248:
247:
243:
240:
237:
233:
229:
225:
222:
218:
212:
209:
205:
202:
200:
196:
193:
191:
187:
184:
181:President of
180:
179:
178:
174:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
155:
154:
150:
145:
139:
135:
128:
114:
110:
101:
97:
93:
86:
82:
77:
70:
69:
67:
60:
56:
52:
39:
35:
30:
23:
2605:Nancy Dickey
2586:
2563:John J. Ring
2479:John H. Budd
2354:Louis M. Orr
2259:Roger I. Lee
1904:W. T. Briggs
1892:W. W. Dawson
1719:Henry Miller
1701:Zina Pitcher
1587:November 25,
1585:. Retrieved
1581:the original
1574:
1565:
1556:
1546:
1537:
1531:
1509:(2): 29–46.
1506:
1502:
1456:
1452:
1414:
1410:
1400:
1381:
1371:
1352:
1342:
1323:
1320:"Appendix D"
1298:November 25,
1296:. Retrieved
1292:the original
1285:
1275:
1266:
1256:
1244:. Retrieved
1240:
1215:. Retrieved
1205:
1168:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1121:
1111:
1099:. Retrieved
1095:the original
1090:
1058:
1051:Duster, Troy
1034:
1020:
993:November 25,
991:. Retrieved
987:the original
980:
970:
959:
949:
930:
899:November 25,
897:. Retrieved
893:the original
886:
859:November 25,
857:. Retrieved
853:the original
848:
766:
732:
728:
691:
687:
653:(1): 11–17.
650:
646:
617:
613:
577:(1): 77–82.
574:
570:
541:
528:
514:
508:
504:
496:
492:
490:
471:
456:
445:
442:Later career
432:
397:
394:Early career
357:
343:
339:
335:
331:
329:
288:
287:
245:Institutions
220:
206:Introducing
96:Use this bot
75:Citation bot
55:Use this bot
28:Citation bot
20:This is the
19:
18:
2788:1930 births
2762:(2022–2023)
2756:(2021–2022)
2750:(2020–2021)
2744:(2019–2020)
2738:(2018–2019)
2732:(2017–2018)
2726:(2016–2017)
2720:(2015–2016)
2714:(2014–2015)
2708:(2013–2014)
2702:(2012–2013)
2696:(2011–2012)
2690:(2010–2011)
2684:(2009–2010)
2678:(2008–2009)
2672:(2007–2008)
2666:(2006–2007)
2660:(2005–2006)
2654:(2004–2005)
2648:(2003–2004)
2642:(2002–2003)
2636:(2001–2002)
2630:(2000–2001)
2613:(1999–2000)
2607:(1998–1999)
2601:(1997–1998)
2595:(1996–1997)
2589:(1995–1996)
2583:(1994–1995)
2577:(1993–1994)
2571:(1992–1993)
2565:(1991–1992)
2559:(1990–1991)
2553:(1989–1990)
2547:(1988–1989)
2541:(1987–1988)
2535:(1986–1987)
2529:(1985–1986)
2523:(1984–1985)
2517:(1983–1984)
2511:(1982–1983)
2499:(1980–1981)
2493:(1979–1980)
2487:(1978–1979)
2481:(1977–1978)
2475:(1976–1977)
2469:(1975–1976)
2452:(1974–1975)
2446:(1973–1974)
2440:(1972–1972)
2434:(1971–1972)
2428:(1970–1971)
2422:(1969–1970)
2416:(1968–1969)
2410:(1967–1968)
2404:(1966–1967)
2398:(1965–1966)
2380:(1963–1964)
2374:(1962–1963)
2368:(1961–1962)
2362:(1960–1961)
2356:(1959–1960)
2350:(1958–1959)
2344:(1957–1958)
2338:(1956–1957)
2332:(1955–1956)
2326:(1954–1955)
2320:(1953–1954)
2314:(1952–1953)
2308:(1951–1952)
2302:(1950–1951)
2285:(1949–1950)
2279:(1948–1949)
2273:(1947–1948)
2267:(1946–1947)
2261:(1945–1946)
2255:(1944–1945)
2249:(1943–1944)
2243:(1942–1943)
2237:(1941–1942)
2235:Frank Lahey
2231:(1940–1941)
2225:(1939–1940)
2219:(1938–1939)
2217:Irvin Abell
2213:(1937–1938)
2207:(1936–1937)
2195:(1935–1936)
2189:(1934–1935)
2183:(1933–1934)
2177:(1932–1933)
2171:(1931–1932)
2165:(1930–1931)
2159:(1929–1930)
2150:(1927–1928)
2144:(1926–1927)
2138:(1925–1926)
2121:(1924–1925)
2115:(1923–1924)
2109:(1922–1923)
2103:(1921–1922)
2101:Hubert Work
2097:(1920–1921)
2091:(1919–1920)
2085:(1918–1919)
2079:(1917–1918)
2073:(1916–1917)
2071:Rupert Blue
2055:(1914–1915)
2049:(1913–1914)
2043:(1912–1913)
2037:(1911–1912)
2031:(1910–1911)
2025:(1909–1910)
2019:(1908–1909)
2013:(1907–1908)
2007:(1906–1907)
2001:(1905–1906)
1995:(1904–1905)
1989:(1903–1904)
1983:(1902–1903)
1977:(1901–1902)
1971:(1900–1901)
1954:(1899–1900)
1948:(1898–1899)
1942:(1897–1898)
1936:(1896–1897)
1924:(1894–1895)
1918:(1893–1894)
1912:(1892–1893)
1910:H. O. Marcy
1906:(1891–1892)
1900:(1890–1891)
1898:E. M. Moore
1894:(1889–1890)
1888:(1888–1889)
1882:(1887–1888)
1876:(1886–1887)
1870:(1885–1886)
1864:(1884–1885)
1858:(1883–1884)
1852:(1882–1883)
1846:(1881–1882)
1840:(1880–1881)
1838:Lewis Sayre
1834:(1879–1880)
1828:(1878–1879)
1822:(1877–1878)
1816:(1876–1877)
1810:(1875–1876)
1793:(1874–1875)
1787:(1873–1874)
1781:(1872–1873)
1775:(1871–1872)
1769:(1870–1871)
1763:(1869–1870)
1757:(1868–1869)
1751:(1867–1868)
1745:(1866–1867)
1739:(1864–1866)
1733:(1863–1864)
1731:Alden March
1727:(1860–1861)
1721:(1859–1860)
1715:(1858–1859)
1709:(1857–1858)
1707:Paul F. Eve
1703:(1856–1857)
1697:(1855–1856)
1691:(1854–1855)
1685:(1853–1854)
1679:(1852–1853)
1673:(1851–1852)
1667:(1850–1851)
1661:(1849–1850)
1655:(1848–1849)
1649:(1847–1848)
100:Report bugs
59:Report bugs
2782:Categories
2505:1981–1982)
2330:Elmer Hess
1930:1885–1896)
1629:Presidents
1417:(3): 305.
1246:28 January
1217:28 January
1171:: 97–154.
1101:28 January
802:References
488:in 1977.
400:internship
227:Profession
2460:1975–2000
2293:1950–1975
2129:1925–1950
1962:1900–1925
1801:1875–1900
1640:1847–1875
1515:2475-2843
1473:0899-1855
1459:(2): 81.
749:1937-7010
708:0098-7484
667:0194-7648
626:0002-8010
583:0093-0415
416:internist
408:residency
390:in 1957.
301:internist
230:Physician
152:Education
1725:Eli Ives
1538:AHA News
1523:44868047
1481:25009857
1431:15890827
1053:(2003).
794:25009857
757:23268950
634:11662592
555:(1995).
547:(1994),
467:HIV/AIDS
414:, as an
325:HIV/AIDS
299:, as an
273:Research
85:contribs
38:contribs
2768:(2023–)
1631:of the
1211:"Ebony"
1196:7182344
716:7609236
675:2708901
601:4840172
592:1129505
376:Atlanta
364:Baptist
2386:(1964)
2201:(1936)
2061:(1915)
1521:
1513:
1479:
1471:
1429:
1388:
1359:
1330:
1193:
1183:
1128:
1065:
1027:
937:
792:
782:
755:
747:
714:
706:
673:
665:
632:
624:
599:
589:
581:
360:Harlem
144:Harlem
92:dashes
51:dashes
2621:2000–
1519:JSTOR
961:Ebony
235:Field
185:(AMA)
1589:2023
1511:ISSN
1477:PMID
1469:ISSN
1427:PMID
1386:ISBN
1357:ISBN
1328:ISBN
1300:2023
1248:2024
1219:2024
1181:ISBN
1126:ISBN
1103:2024
1063:ISBN
1025:ISBN
995:2023
935:ISBN
901:2023
861:2023
790:PMID
780:ISBN
753:PMID
745:ISSN
712:PMID
704:ISSN
688:JAMA
671:PMID
663:ISSN
630:PMID
622:ISSN
597:PMID
579:ISSN
140:1930
137:Born
109:diff
81:talk
34:talk
1461:doi
1419:doi
1191:PMC
1173:doi
1150:Jet
772:doi
737:doi
696:doi
692:274
655:doi
587:PMC
575:121
374:in
43:at
2784::
1573:.
1555:.
1517:.
1505:.
1501:.
1489:^
1475:.
1467:.
1457:20
1455:.
1451:.
1439:^
1425:.
1415:34
1413:.
1409:.
1380:.
1351:.
1322:.
1308:^
1284:.
1265:.
1239:.
1227:^
1189:.
1179:.
1167:.
1148:.
1120:.
1089:.
1077:^
1057:.
1042:^
1033:.
1003:^
979:.
958:.
929:.
909:^
885:.
869:^
847:.
809:^
788:.
778:.
751:.
743:.
731:.
727:.
710:.
702:.
690:.
686:.
669:.
661:.
651:10
649:.
645:.
628:.
616:.
612:.
595:.
585:.
573:.
569:.
534:.
454:.
422:,
327:.
111:)
98:.
83:|
57:.
36:|
1621:e
1614:t
1607:v
1591:.
1525:.
1507:2
1483:.
1463::
1433:.
1421::
1394:.
1365:.
1336:.
1302:.
1250:.
1221:.
1199:.
1175::
1134:.
1105:.
1071:.
997:.
943:.
903:.
863:.
796:.
774::
759:.
739::
733:5
718:.
698::
677:.
657::
636:.
618:2
603:.
107:(
87:)
79:(
40:)
32:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.