2473:
2866:
2854:
2843:
76:
317:
es go beyond this traditional content to explain or prove the theory or report the observations from which the tables were computed. Due to religious conflicts with astrology, many astronomers attempted to separate themselves from astrology, specifically intending for their
871:
History of oriental astronomy: proceedings of the joint discussion-17 at the 23rd
General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union, organised by the Commission 41 (History of Astronomy), held in Kyoto, August 25–26,
842:
History of oriental astronomy: proceedings of the joint discussion-17 at the 23rd
General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union, organised by the Commission 41 (History of Astronomy), held in Kyoto, August 25–26,
226:
es adopted their computations reflecting original observations but most only adopted their tables to reflect the use of a different calendar or geographic longitude as the basis for computations. Since most
115:"cord". The term is believed to refer to the arrangement of threads in weaving, which was transferred to the arrangement of rows and columns in tabulated data. Some such books were referred to as
2573:
2896:
2891:
1026:
466:
998:
170:
231:
es generally followed earlier theory, their principal contributions reflected improved trigonometrical, computational and observational techniques.
1360:
2548:
2298:
1178:
1928:
2424:
1087:
2598:
2593:
2563:
2553:
2543:
545:
533:
2603:
2588:
2583:
2568:
1153:
2304:
1019:
366:
2077:
1035:
1832:
2636:
760:
2813:
2578:
2502:
1853:
1603:
441:
1012:
2512:
2497:
2447:
2378:
1557:
2906:
2347:
1740:
1502:
626:
1674:
2462:
907:
883:
854:
825:
788:
714:
2417:
1704:
1694:
940:
875:
846:
985:
2760:
405:, written in 1838 by the Indian astronomer Ghulam Hussain Jaunpuri (1760–1862) and printed in 1855, dedicated to
2798:
2704:
2492:
1562:
1497:
706:
575:
283:
1613:
2901:
2770:
2732:
2487:
1730:
1638:
1517:
483:
2472:
1102:
744:
Time in Early Modern Islam: Calendar, Ceremony, and
Chronology in the Safavid, Mughal, and Ottoman Empires
446:
2869:
2765:
2722:
2410:
2293:
2172:
2046:
1092:
57:
2613:
1547:
1537:
1158:
1048:
1168:
2857:
2452:
1814:
1395:
1279:
345:
during the period from the eighth to the fifteenth centuries. The greatest centers of production of
182:
were updated by different empires to suit their various interests, such as the simplified version of
2669:
2457:
1628:
1522:
1400:
1163:
1123:
1618:
756:
Benno van Dalen, PARAMS (Database of parameter values occurring in
Islamic astronomical sources),
604:
373:
es were also produced in India between the 16th and 18th centuries. One of the most famous Indian
2808:
2712:
2694:
2527:
2522:
1633:
1582:
1244:
1234:
1173:
46:
2775:
2717:
2684:
2651:
2517:
2051:
2011:
1825:
1766:
1725:
1552:
1532:
1451:
1329:
126:
931:
Yunli Shi (January 2003), "The Korean
Adaptation of the Chinese-Islamic Astronomical Tables",
2846:
2752:
2737:
2689:
2507:
2318:
2112:
2026:
1699:
1512:
1481:
1426:
1214:
636:
700:
2823:
2818:
2742:
2631:
2621:
2337:
2311:
2152:
2122:
1527:
1507:
1198:
1097:
1082:
358:
1004:
8:
2828:
2793:
2785:
2674:
2664:
2278:
2117:
2097:
2031:
2016:
1887:
1846:
1567:
1542:
1229:
1148:
817:
287:
1193:
2803:
2659:
2641:
2626:
2433:
2342:
2283:
1961:
1913:
1771:
1324:
1118:
960:
507:
434:
2853:
2558:
2373:
2368:
2242:
2102:
1643:
1577:
1572:
1289:
964:
952:
913:
903:
879:
850:
821:
794:
784:
710:
660:
456:
430:
342:
303:
2679:
2383:
2352:
2227:
2217:
2147:
2006:
1966:
1951:
1874:
1839:
1819:
1761:
1684:
1669:
1664:
1390:
1239:
1128:
944:
757:
540:
390:
291:
207:
161:
37:
255:
2288:
2222:
1986:
1941:
1471:
1345:
1314:
1264:
1249:
1077:
764:
382:
354:
219:
211:
1304:
984:, New Series, 46, 2. Philadelphia, 1956. (A revised version in preparation by
528:
2132:
2107:
1893:
1756:
1410:
1385:
1370:
1355:
1319:
1188:
670:
96:
69:
948:
2885:
2252:
2162:
2036:
1906:
1899:
1598:
1466:
1380:
956:
917:
798:
611:
570:
410:
386:
327:
191:
141:
1441:
597:) — published in China a number of times until the early 18th century,
2082:
1976:
1689:
1623:
1476:
1219:
1183:
521:
406:
165:
2257:
2247:
2212:
2021:
2001:
1880:
1720:
1456:
1405:
1365:
1133:
259:
2202:
2192:
2182:
2087:
2067:
1991:
1659:
1608:
1446:
1436:
1274:
1269:
1254:
900:
The Oxford encyclopedia of philosophy, science, and technology in Islam
655:
588:
559:
310:
267:
20:
266:
es, however, were more extensive, and typically included materials on
2402:
2237:
2177:
1956:
1735:
1679:
1350:
1284:
1259:
1143:
665:
616:
493:
478:
394:
362:
275:
251:
149:
82:
by
Samarkandi astronomer Khwaja Ghazi al-Sanjufini. Compiled in 1363.
65:
61:
2262:
2232:
2197:
2187:
2127:
1946:
1461:
1431:
1375:
1309:
1299:
1224:
1138:
514:
Zīj-i Malik-Shāhī (Astronomical
Handbook with Tables for Malikshah)
307:
306:
computations, and instructions for astronomical calculations using
299:
295:
271:
2727:
2167:
2157:
2092:
2041:
1981:
1971:
1936:
1294:
563:
350:
239:
174:
was updated throughout the modern era under various sultanates.
75:
2142:
2137:
999:
Islam, Quran and
Science: A List of Islamic Astronomical Tables
322:
es not to be used for astrological computations. However, many
146:
2207:
2072:
1996:
124:
1034:
980:
E. S. Kennedy. "A Survey of
Islamic Astronomical Tables".
279:
781:
Islamic science and the making of the
European Renaissance
238:
es were initially based on that of the "Handy Tables" by
868:
839:
645:(1838) — by Ghulam Hussain Jaunpuri (1760–1862)
51:
982:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
442:Az-Zīj al-Mahlul min as-Sindhind li-Darajat Daraja
134:
2897:Astrological works of the medieval Islamic world
2892:Astronomical works of the medieval Islamic world
2883:
897:
758:"General background of the parameter database"
341:es have been identified that were produced by
2418:
1020:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
210:(known as the Sindhind) and from pre-Islamic
250:compiled in Sasanian Persia, and the Indian
184:
176:
154:
117:
109:
101:
29:
2842:
2425:
2411:
1027:
1013:
683:
326:es were used this way regardless, such as
123:, derived from the equivalent Greek word,
930:
393:. It is notable for employing the use of
367:Constantinople observatory of Taqi ad-Din
365:observatory in the 15th century, and the
746:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
467:Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī
74:
1036:Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world
783:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
698:
2884:
2432:
1833:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
1179:Khalid ibn Abd al‐Malik al‐Marwarrudhi
811:
778:
595:Muslim System of Calendrical Astronomy
72:of the sun, moon, stars, and planets.
2406:
1854:The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
1792:
1046:
1008:
933:Archive for History of Exact Sciences
741:
369:in the 16th century. Nearly 100 more
298:, tables for first visibility of the
1803:
774:
772:
737:
735:
733:
294:, planetary motions, computation of
16:Medieval Islamic astronomical tables
902:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
504:The Comprehensive and Mature Tables
152:in 1438/9, was used as a reference
41:
13:
992:
145:, published by the astronomer and
14:
2918:
2463:History and philosophy of science
814:Sawai Jai Singh and His Astronomy
769:
730:
2865:
2864:
2852:
2841:
2471:
1060:
699:Kennedy, Edward Stewart (1956).
409:. The treatise incorporated the
1558:Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi
1047:
869:S. M. Razaullah Ansari (2002),
840:S. M. Razaullah Ansari (2002),
627:Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
218:es presented data based on the
2047:Schema for horizontal sundials
1563:Abu Ali al-Hasan al-Marrakushi
1088:Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī
924:
891:
862:
833:
812:Sharma, Virendra Nath (1995),
805:
750:
707:American Philosophical Society
135:Historically significant zījes
1:
988:will include over 200 zijes).
974:
397:observations. The last known
19:For the village in Iran, see
2305:Constantinople (Taqi al-Din)
898:Kalın, İbrahim, ed. (2014).
584:by Ibn al-Shāṭir (1304–1375)
546:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī
534:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī
160:throughout Islam during the
86:
7:
2814:Neurology and neurosurgery
2294:University of al-Qarawiyyin
1498:Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi
702:Islamic Astronomical Tables
649:
477:Tables of the disks of the
52:
10:
2923:
1793:
1538:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi
742:Blake, Stephen P. (2013).
357:in the ninth century, the
197:
125:
18:
2907:Persian words and phrases
2837:
2784:
2751:
2703:
2650:
2612:
2536:
2480:
2469:
2440:
2379:Medieval European science
2361:
2330:
2271:
2060:
1927:
1863:
1810:
1799:
1788:
1749:
1713:
1652:
1639:Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar
1591:
1490:
1419:
1396:Ibrahim ibn Said al-Sahli
1338:
1207:
1111:
1070:
1059:
1055:
1042:
949:10.1007/s00407-002-0060-z
500:Az-Zīj al-Jamī wal-Baligh
427:Az-Zīj ‛alā Sinī al-‛Arab
361:in the 13th century, the
284:trigonometrical functions
1629:Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri
1523:Muhyi al-Din al-Maghribi
1164:Ali ibn Isa al-Asturlabi
676:
222:. A small number of the
2528:20th century in science
2523:19th century in science
1731:Baha' al-din al-'Amili
1705:'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i
1583:Fakhr al-Din al-Akhlati
1503:Ibn al‐Ha'im al‐Ishbili
779:George, Saliba (2007).
625:(1579–1580) — by
582:al-Zij al-jadīd —
548:(Azarqueil) (1028–1087)
536:(Azarqueil) (1028–1087)
420:
208:Indian planetary theory
206:es tabulated data from
2448:Theories and sociology
2012:Navigational astrolabe
1767:Al Achsasi al Mouakket
1533:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
1452:Al-Samawal al-Maghribi
1401:Ibn Mu'adh al-Jayyani
1330:Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi
490:Zīj al-Kabir al-Hakimi
469:(Albatenius) (853–929)
302:, astronomical and/or
185:
177:
155:
118:
110:
102:
83:
30:
2508:Scientific Revolution
2348:Hellenistic astronomy
2319:Samarkand (Ulugh Beg)
2113:Deferent and epicycle
1513:Alam al-Din al-Hanafi
1482:Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi
1124:Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
820:Publ., pp. 8–9,
637:Jai Singh II of Amber
389:observatories in the
242:, known in Arabic as
78:
2761:Agricultural science
2513:Age of Enlightenment
2338:Babylonian astronomy
2153:Gravitational energy
1528:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
1518:Najm al‐Din al‐Misri
1199:Yahya ibn Abi Mansur
1098:Mashallah ibn Athari
1083:Al-Fadl ibn Naubakht
763:May 5, 2007, at the
633:Zīj-i Muhammad Shahi
576:Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī
529:Almanac of Azarqueil
484:Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin
379:Zīj-i Muhammad Shāhī
359:Maragheh observatory
95:is derived from the
68:calculations of the
60:book that tabulates
58:Islamic astronomical
2902:Astronomical tables
2799:Veterinary medicine
2493:Classical Antiquity
2279:Al-Azhar University
2098:Celestial mechanics
1888:Book of Fixed Stars
1847:The Book of Healing
1826:Aja'ib al-Makhluqat
1568:Ibn Ishaq al-Tunisi
1543:Zakariya al-Qazwini
1154:Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf
1149:Abu Hanifa Dinawari
818:Motilal Banarsidass
343:Islamic astronomers
337:Over 200 different
288:spherical astronomy
2434:History of science
2343:Egyptian astronomy
2284:House of Knowledge
1962:Astronomical clock
1772:Muhammad al-Rudani
1169:Banū Mūsā brothers
1119:Abu Ali al-Khayyat
643:Zīj-i Bahadurkhani
615:(1437) — by
532:(1088) — by
508:Kushyar ibn Labban
435:Muhammad al-Fazari
403:Zīj-i Bahadurkhani
202:Some of the early
84:
2879:
2878:
2771:Materials science
2733:Political science
2498:Medieval European
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2374:Chinese astronomy
2369:Byzantine science
2243:Temporal finitism
2173:Islamic cosmology
2103:Celestial spheres
1923:
1922:
1815:Arabic star names
1784:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1644:Fathullah Shirazi
1578:Al-Ashraf Umar II
1290:Ibrahim ibn Sinan
1093:Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī
661:Epoch (astronomy)
552:Az-Zīj As-Sanjarī
544:— based on
431:Ibrahim al-Fazari
401:treatise was the
214:models, but most
171:Zij-i Malik Shahi
50:
2914:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2860:
2856:
2845:
2844:
2766:Computer science
2614:Natural sciences
2579:Medieval Islamic
2475:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2404:
2403:
2384:Indian astronomy
2353:Indian astronomy
2321:
2314:
2307:
2228:Sublunary sphere
2218:Specific gravity
2118:Earth's rotation
2007:Mural instrument
1952:Armillary sphere
1875:Alfonsine tables
1840:Tabula Rogeriana
1820:Islamic calendar
1808:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1790:
1789:
1685:Sibt al-Maridini
1670:Jamshid al-Kashi
1391:Said al-Andalusi
1194:Thābit ibn Qurra
1129:Abu Said Gorgani
1103:Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq
1057:
1056:
1044:
1043:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1006:
1005:
968:
967:
928:
922:
921:
895:
889:
888:
866:
860:
859:
837:
831:
830:
809:
803:
802:
776:
767:
754:
748:
747:
739:
728:
727:
725:
723:
696:
605:Jamshīd al-Kāshī
541:Tables of Toledo
447:Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq
413:system into the
391:Kingdom of Amber
292:equation of time
188:
180:
162:early modern era
158:
130:
129:
121:
113:
105:
55:
45:
43:
33:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2863:
2851:
2833:
2780:
2747:
2705:Social sciences
2699:
2646:
2608:
2532:
2476:
2467:
2436:
2431:
2401:
2388:
2357:
2326:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2289:House of Wisdom
2267:
2223:Spherical Earth
2056:
1987:Equatorial ring
1967:Celestial globe
1942:Analog computer
1919:
1914:Sullam al-sama'
1859:
1795:
1776:
1745:
1709:
1648:
1587:
1486:
1472:Jabir ibn Aflah
1415:
1346:Abu Nasr Mansur
1334:
1315:Abolfadl Harawi
1250:Ahmad ibn Yusuf
1203:
1107:
1078:Ahmad Nahavandi
1066:
1051:
1038:
1033:
1001:by Zakaria Virk
995:
993:Further reading
986:Benno van Dalen
977:
972:
971:
929:
925:
910:
896:
892:
886:
878:, p. 138,
867:
863:
857:
849:, p. 141,
838:
834:
828:
810:
806:
791:
777:
770:
765:Wayback Machine
755:
751:
740:
731:
721:
719:
717:
697:
684:
679:
652:
556:Sinjaric Tables
453:Zīj al-Sindhind
423:
383:Sawai Jai Singh
355:Abbasid caliphs
332:al-Zij al-jadīd
286:, functions in
270:, geographical
234:The content of
220:Ptolemaic model
200:
137:
89:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2920:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2861:
2849:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2794:Human medicine
2790:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2453:Historiography
2450:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2133:Elliptic orbit
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2108:Circular orbit
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1894:Toledan Tables
1891:
1884:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1797:
1796:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1757:Yang Guangxian
1753:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1411:Ali ibn Khalaf
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1386:Kushyar Gilani
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1356:Ali ibn Ridwan
1353:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1320:Haseb-i Tabari
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1189:Sahl ibn Bishr
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1053:
1052:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1009:
1003:
1002:
994:
991:
990:
989:
976:
973:
970:
969:
923:
908:
890:
884:
861:
855:
832:
826:
804:
789:
768:
749:
729:
715:
681:
680:
678:
675:
674:
673:
671:Star catalogue
668:
663:
658:
651:
648:
647:
646:
640:
630:
620:
608:
598:
585:
579:
567:
549:
537:
525:
511:
497:
487:
473:Zīj al-Safa'ih
470:
463:Az-Zij as-Sabi
460:
450:
438:
422:
419:
381:, compiled at
300:lunar crescent
199:
196:
136:
133:
97:Middle Persian
88:
85:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2919:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2871:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2848:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2670:Combinatorics
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2637:Earth science
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2488:Ancient world
2486:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2458:Pseudoscience
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2299:Observatories
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2253:Triangulation
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2163:Heliocentrism
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2037:Shadow square
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1907:Zij-i Sultani
1904:
1902:
1901:
1900:Zij-i Ilkhani
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1787:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:Kadızade Rumi
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1599:Ibn al-Shatir
1597:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1573:Ibn al‐Raqqam
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1467:Ibn al-Kammad
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:Ibn al-Saffar
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1000:
997:
996:
987:
983:
979:
978:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
927:
919:
915:
911:
909:9780199812578
905:
901:
894:
887:
885:1-4020-0657-8
881:
877:
873:
865:
858:
856:1-4020-0657-8
852:
848:
844:
836:
829:
827:81-208-1256-5
823:
819:
815:
808:
800:
796:
792:
790:9780262516150
786:
782:
775:
773:
766:
762:
759:
753:
745:
738:
736:
734:
718:
716:9780871694621
712:
708:
704:
703:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
682:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
653:
644:
641:
638:
634:
631:
628:
624:
623:Unbored Pearl
621:
618:
614:
613:
612:Zij-i-Sultani
609:
606:
602:
599:
596:
592:
590:
586:
583:
580:
577:
573:
572:
571:Zij-i Ilkhani
568:
565:
561:
558:) — by
557:
553:
550:
547:
543:
542:
538:
535:
531:
530:
526:
523:
519:
515:
512:
509:
506:) — by
505:
501:
498:
496:(c. 950–1009)
495:
491:
488:
485:
482:) — by
481:
480:
474:
471:
468:
464:
461:
458:
454:
451:
448:
444:
443:
439:
436:
433:(d. 777) and
432:
428:
425:
424:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:Jantar Mantar
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
328:ibn al-Shatir
325:
321:
316:
313:models. Some
312:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
232:
230:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
195:
193:
192:Mughal Empire
189:
187:
186:Zij-i Sultani
181:
179:
173:
172:
167:
163:
159:
157:
151:
148:
144:
143:
142:Zij-i Sultani
132:
128:
122:
120:
114:
112:
106:
104:
98:
94:
81:
80:Sanjufini Zij
77:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
48:
39:
35:
34:
32:
22:
2809:Neuroscience
2713:Anthropology
2695:Trigonometry
2272:Institutions
2123:Eccentricity
2083:Astrophysics
1977:Compass rose
1912:
1905:
1898:
1886:
1879:
1865:
1864:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1690:Ibn al-Majdi
1665:Abd al‐Wajid
1624:Al-Wabkanawi
1619:Abū al‐ʿUqūl
1508:Jamal ad-Din
1477:Omar Khayyam
1305:Al-ʻIjliyyah
1280:Aṣ-Ṣaidanānī
1265:Ibn al-A'lam
1184:Al-Khwarizmi
981:
936:
932:
926:
899:
893:
870:
864:
841:
835:
813:
807:
780:
752:
743:
722:29 September
720:. Retrieved
701:
642:
632:
622:
610:
600:
594:
587:
581:
569:
555:
551:
539:
527:
522:Omar Khayyam
517:
513:
503:
499:
489:
476:
472:
462:
459:(c. 780–850)
457:al-Khwarizmi
452:
440:
437:(d. 796/806)
426:
414:
411:heliocentric
407:Bahadur Khan
402:
398:
378:
374:
370:
346:
338:
336:
331:
323:
319:
314:
304:astrological
263:
247:
243:
235:
233:
228:
223:
215:
203:
201:
183:
175:
169:
166:Omar Khayyam
153:
140:
138:
116:
108:
100:
92:
90:
79:
66:astronomical
28:
27:
25:
2776:Engineering
2718:Archaeology
2685:Probability
2652:Mathematics
2518:Romanticism
2503:Renaissance
2258:Tusi couple
2248:Trepidation
2213:Salah times
2148:Geocentrism
2022:Planisphere
2002:Graph paper
1929:Instruments
1881:Huihui Lifa
1762:Ehmedê Xanî
1721:Al-Birjandi
1700:al-Kubunani
1457:Abu al-Salt
1406:Al-Isfizari
1366:Ibn al-Samh
1245:Abu al-Wafa
1230:al-Khojandi
1134:Al-Farghani
1049:Astronomers
639:(1688–1743)
635:— by
629:(1526–1585)
619:(1393–1449)
607:(1380–1429)
603:— by
601:Khaqani Zij
578:(1201–1274)
574:— by
524:(1048–1141)
492:— by
465:— by
455:— by
445:— by
429:— by
417:tradition.
377:es was the
260:Brahmagupta
2886:Categories
2753:Technology
2738:Psychology
2690:Statistics
2537:By culture
2441:Background
2362:Influenced
2331:Influences
2203:Precession
2183:Multiverse
2088:Axial tilt
2068:Almucantar
2052:Triquetrum
1992:Equatorium
1741:Takiyüddin
1614:al-Battiwi
1609:Ibn Shuayb
1604:Al-Khalili
1447:Al-Khazini
1442:Al-Kharaqī
1437:Ibn Tufail
1427:Al-Bitruji
1361:Al-Zarqālī
1325:al-Majriti
1275:Al-Saghani
1270:Al-Nayrizi
1255:al-Battani
1174:Iranshahri
1159:Al-Marwazi
1063:by century
975:References
943:: 25–60 ,
656:Astrometry
566:1115–1130)
560:al-Khazini
510:(971–1029)
395:telescopic
353:under the
311:geocentric
276:longitudes
268:chronology
252:siddhantas
248:Zīj-i Shāh
62:parameters
21:Zich, Ilam
2847:Timelines
2824:Pathology
2819:Nutrition
2743:Sociology
2723:Economics
2632:Chemistry
2622:Astronomy
2559:Byzantine
2554:Brazilian
2549:Argentine
2238:Supernova
2193:Obliquity
2178:Moonlight
2078:Astrology
1957:Astrolabe
1736:Piri Reis
1726:al-Khafri
1695:al-Wafa'i
1680:Ulugh Beg
1660:Ali Kuşçu
1634:al-Jadiri
1553:al-Abhari
1351:al-Biruni
1285:Ibn Yunus
1260:Al-Qabisi
1235:al-Khazin
1144:Al-Mahani
965:120199426
957:1432-0657
918:868981941
799:243606365
666:Ephemeris
617:Ulugh Beg
494:Ibn Yunus
486:(900–971)
479:astrolabe
363:Samarkand
308:epicyclic
272:latitudes
262:. Muslim
256:Āryabhaṭa
150:Ulugh Beg
91:The name
87:Etymology
70:positions
64:used for
47:romanized
2870:Category
2829:Pharmacy
2786:Medicine
2675:Geometry
2665:Calculus
2584:Japanese
2312:Maragheh
2263:Universe
2233:Sunlight
2198:Parallax
2188:Muwaqqit
2128:Ecliptic
2061:Concepts
2027:Quadrant
1947:Aperture
1462:Averroes
1432:Avempace
1376:Avicenna
1310:Nastulus
1300:al-Sijzi
1225:Al-Adami
1139:Al-Kindi
941:Springer
876:Springer
847:Springer
761:Archived
650:See also
449:(d. 796)
349:es were
296:eclipses
282:tables,
244:al-Qānūn
212:Sasanian
56:) is an
2804:Anatomy
2728:History
2660:Algebra
2642:Physics
2627:Biology
2604:Spanish
2599:Russian
2594:Mexican
2569:Chinese
2544:African
2168:Inertia
2158:Gravity
2093:Azimuth
2042:Sundial
2032:Sextant
1982:Dioptra
1972:Compass
1937:Alidade
1548:al-Urdi
1371:Alhazen
1295:Ma Yize
1240:al-Qūhī
1215:al-Sufi
518:—
516:(1079)
351:Baghdad
240:Ptolemy
198:History
190:by the
49::
38:Persian
2858:Portal
2589:Korean
2574:Indian
2564:French
2481:By era
2143:Galaxy
2138:Equant
2073:Apogee
2017:Octant
1794:Topics
963:
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916:
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589:Huihui
290:, the
246:, the
147:sultan
2680:Logic
2208:Qibla
1997:Globe
1804:Works
961:S2CID
939:(1),
677:Notes
178:Zijes
127:κανών
119:qānūn
99:term
1750:17th
1714:16th
1653:15th
1592:14th
1491:13th
1420:12th
1339:11th
1208:10th
953:ISSN
914:OCLC
904:ISBN
880:ISBN
872:1997
851:ISBN
843:1997
822:ISBN
795:OCLC
785:ISBN
724:2014
711:ISBN
591:Lifa
421:List
280:star
274:and
258:and
139:The
1866:Zij
1220:Ibn
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1071:8th
945:doi
564:fl.
520:by
415:zīj
399:zīj
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320:zīj
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236:zīj
229:zīj
224:zīj
216:zīj
204:zīj
168:'s
156:zij
111:zīg
107:or
103:zih
93:zīj
53:zīj
42:زيج
31:zij
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