398:, who thought highly of it. Lin Yutang translated it into vernacular Chinese and English. Lin Yutang classified the content into six parts: human life, personal character, women and friends, nature, the house and home, reading and literature. The book reflected Zhang Chao's sympathies with the Ming dynasty, and in style was highly reminiscent of Ming-era literature.
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Zhang Chao was one of the scholars who accepted western learning relatively early. He was very interested in western people and language. Moreover, he took advantage of western learning to study
Chinese culture. He held the view that western medicine, law, and astronomy should be introduced to China.
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as an educational inspector. After only a few months, Zhang Xikong's mother died and he resigned his position to go home as a merchant. Zhang Chao grew up in a wealthy family and his education was very strict. Under his father's influence, Zhang Chao studied diligently from his childhood. He devoted
375:, and spoke highly of him. In 1711, Dai Mingshi was sent to prison, where he was killed, an affair that entangled many others. If Zhang Chao was still alive, he would certainly have been involved in that case, so it is inferred that he was no longer alive by 1711.
241:, Taoism and Buddhism. He liked chess, calligraphy, and painting and was skilled as a poet of various genres. He was also interested in flowers, birds, fishes and insects. His works are rich in imagination and associated with the features of the Qing dynasty.
412:'s stories compiled by Zhang Chao, containing 20 chapters. Yu Chu was the name of an alchemist in the Han dynasty, who was called the earliest ancestor of novelists, and his name was used to indicate certain classical Chinese stories. The historian
442:. Zhang Chao enjoyed collecting books from all over the empire and enjoyed editing and carving books very much. He kept close contact with a number of famous textual criticism scholars of his day, such as
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when he was 13 years old. Between the ages of 12 and 26, he failed the imperial examinations four times, in 1663, 1666, 1669 and 1672 during the reign of the
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Sun, Suyoung (2015). "Between
Writing and Publishing Letters: Publishing Letters About Book Proprietorship". In Richter, Antje (ed.).
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for long periods. He made a lot of friends who were famous scholars or litterateurs at that time, such as
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Li, Wai-yee (2010). "Chapter 3: Early Qing to 1723". In Chang, Kang-i Sun; Owen, Stephen (eds.).
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In 1936, Zhang Yiping, a litterateur, managed to purchase a manuscript of
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In addition to novels and essays, Zhang Chao also made contributions to
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In 1699, he fell victim to a conspiracy and he was sent to prison.
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229:) was a Chinese litteratus, publisher, and fiction writer from
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The
Cambridge History of Chinese Literature: From 1375
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A History of
Chinese Letters and Epistolary Culture
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Litterateur, Novelist, Poet, Engraving calligrapher
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237:. Zhang had extensive knowledge in the field of
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