664:, had reached Ehden travelling along the route of Damascus-Bekaa Valley-Dahr al-Kadib-the cedars. They were transporting funds to Sultan Salim I who was in Egypt. They were welcomed as guests by Sheikh Iskandar, whilst other members of their travelling entourage were guests of the people of Ehden. Heavy snowfall and extremely freezing conditions that lasted two full days prompted them to stay five days in Ehden where Sheikh Iskandar and Bishop Keryakos Douaihy, the local bishop, provided for their guests great hospitality, generosity and kindness. Responding to a request by their guests, the people of Ehden endeavoured to clear the heavy snow off the road as far as Hayrouna Valley overlooking the coast, accompanying their guests to safety where they made their farewells to them with fitting accolades.
62:
672:. At the request of Sheikh Iskander he agreed to provide the people with a place to live away from the harsh winter conditions, which they faced in Ehden. Al-Ghazali readily agreed to this request. Accompanied by his officials, Sheikh Iskandar went with Bishop El Douaihy to choose a suitable place in the Al-Zawiyi region. They chose a derelict farm, containing a few demolished houses and a tower in the middle, situated between the rivers Joueit and Rashein. Al-Ghazali, on the return of his officials with the measurements of the site, promised to obtain a "Shahani
78:
759:" pants along with long boots and topped by headband reflecting enormous heroism. Zgharta is a small village surrounded by an enclosure, and has a fortress beside the church of Virgin Mary. Zgharta used to be a drawn line between danger and worship, situated between Tripoli and the mountain. It would receive initial attacking strikes, then reply by returning those strikes, hitting the hearts of their enemy. Its people have therefore been renowned and recognised as excellent fighters"
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Syriac and Arabic, before they gradually disappeared even among those in charge of the
Maronite Church, who lost the books of Maronite prayers and Masses from its Syriac language until it became restricted to schools and seminaries and theological institutes. Residents of some villages in Mount Lebanon still speak Arabic with a Syriac accent, clinging to it and maintaining it because it is synonymous with their identity.
85:
626:
791:) origins, so the letter o 'prevails over that language. Zgharta, whose general population did not speak Arabic until the end of the nineteenth century, transferred some of the Syriac terminology as well as signs of movement and incorporated them into the Arabic language that they now speak due to the necessity of communicating with the rest of the residents of
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770:
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Some eight months later, in 1517, the "Shahani firman" was granted, but it was addressed to Sheikh
Iskandar. Having collected the firman in Damascus and returning to Ehden the people there were aggrieved that the firman was addressed solely to Sheikh Iskandar, fearing that he and his relations could
765:
The town of
Zgharta was divided into five sectors in 1932: Saydeh Sharki (the area to the east side of Notre-Dame of Zgharta church), Saydeh Gherbi (west of the Church), Slayeb Shemali (northern side of the crossroads), Slayeb Janoubi (southern side of the crossroads) and Maaser. To be a citizen of
795:
and its coast and those who abandoned this language. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Saint Joseph School in
Zgharta attests to this and the other schools in Ehden, which taught the Syriac language in addition to the Arabic and French languages. The prayers and Masses were held in
667:
In April 1516, Bishop El
Douaihy and Sheikh Iskandar received a letter from Al-Ghazali, saying on being told by his minister, Sinan Pasha of their and peoples hospitality and assistance, Sultan Salim I asked that he rewarded them which he promised the Sultan he would. On his return to Damascus,
509:
Various explanations have been given as to the meaning of
Zgharta. The majority are of the opinion that it relates to meanings relating to fortresses, citadels, barricades and the like. One writer has suggested that it derived from the Aramaic word "zaghar" meaning fortress. They also have been
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range in a not-too-hilly but very fertile agricultural area, mainly due to the rivers that flow through it. Olives, oranges and lettuce were the main and historical crops grown in the area for centuries. Today, a variety of crops are grown: avocados, strawberries, kale, cabbage being the most
364:(Qadaa' Zgharta). Zgharta is closely related to the mountain town of Ehden, essentially sharing the same population. Each summer, most of the people in Zgharta move to spend their summer in Ehden; this is reversed in winter when Ehden is practically deserted. Zghartawis speak the
434:
Traditionally, agriculture was a large portion of the local economy, with olives grown for olive-oil around
Zgharta and apple orchards around Ehden. Recently, the service (especially tourism and leisure) and manufacturing sectors have seen significant growth.
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claim sole ownership. Bishop El
Douaihy, representing the people, put this to Sheikh Iskandar and as a result he declared at the Mar Mama church that the given land known as "Zgharta would be distributed equally between the people of Ehden".
754:
In 1602, Father Ghodar, a Jesuit priest to
Zgharta recorded: "Zgharta represents a horrific nightmare for its enemy. Its youth is dressed in traditional clothing; white shirts decorated with yellow stitched embroidery, strongly tied
782:
Wherever he goes, the
Zghartaoui is instantly recognizable by his distinct accent. Among the well-informed and knowledgeable, the Zaghartoui dialect is rich in the Syriac spirit. Speakers of the Western Syriac language respect the
546:
There is some evidence that the area of Zgharta was later inhabited in 200 BC and that in the 2nd and 3rd centuries there were already fortifications. Its present-day existence and its close association with the village of
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language, which belonged to Romanos Afandi Yammine, son of Father George Yammine, and is now held by his grandson Youssef Boutros Romanos Yammine. It describes how people of Ehden had acquired "the farmland of Zgharta":
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Zgharta is situated at an altitude of around 120m above sea level. The main and old city of Zgharta is situated between the two rivers of Rachiine and Jouit which merge forming the
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who led a rebellion against Turkish rule. Political power in Zgharta district is dominated by a few rival families from the town: the Karam, Frangieh, Douaihy, Moawad and Makary.
396:
1472:
Wetzel, R. & Haller, J., Le Quaternaire de la région de Tripoli. Notes et Mémoires de la Délégation Génerale de France au Liban. Section Géologique, No. 4., Beirut, 1945.
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Another later visitor in 1831 records that "From Tripoli I left for Zgharta, which is two hours away. Its land is full of olive, mulberry, vines, apricot and lemon trees"
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423:– Gregorios Of Ehden, David Of Ehden, Jeremiah of Amshit (1199-1230), Youhanna Makhlouf (1609-1633), George Omaira (1634-1644),
1564:
109:
1214:"City of Zgharta unveils artwork with name in Syriac. Calls for official recognition of the Syriac language in Lebanon"
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Zgharta is about 150 metres above sea level and lies between the rivers of Jouit and Rashein. It is 23 kilometres from
741:
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514:, who chose that name with the meaning of a little version of Ehden (the expression "zaghar Ehden" explains it).
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flints and double-headed axes found in the area that are documented by R. Wetzel and J. Haller in 1945.
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419:(current MP) and Youssef Bahha El Douaihy. Ehden also produced at least four patriarchs of the
676:" (decree) from Sultan Salim whereby ownership of the land would pass to the people of Ehden.
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accent applied on Arabic language. Syriac was taught in local schools till the mid 1900s.
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Inventory of Stone-Age Sites in Lebanon: North, South and East-Central Lebanon, p. 89
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around Zgharta was likely inhabited from at least the beginning of the
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1434:"Local economic development via urbanism lever: The case of Lebanon"
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353:. Its history and people are closely associated with the village of
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1349:"The official results of the 2018 Lebanese parliamentary election"
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Zgharta, one is to be registered in one of these five sectors.
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The story of that beginning is recorded in a manuscript in the
357:. Most of the citizens of Zgharta have summer houses in Ehden.
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Aerial view of main street in Zgharta (Tripoli-Zgharta Road)
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326:. Zgharta is officially the Zgharta-Ehden municipality.
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Patriarch Estephan Douaihy on Ehden Family Tree website
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President Sleiman Frangieh on Ehden Family Tree website
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Al-Ghazali invited the people of Ehden to meet him in
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Bishop Keryakos Douaihy on Ehden Family Tree website
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427:(1670-1704) – and an Ottoman era nationalist leader
248:
Zghartawi (local), Zghortiote, Zghortan, Zghartaouis
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President René Mouawad on Ehden Family Tree website
1507:Sheikh Iskandar Saade on Ehden Family Tree website
1116:Zgharta is situated at the steps of the Northern
554:
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1388:Jawad Boulos Makary on Ehden Family Tree website
1299:Rvd. Semaan Douaihy on Ehden Family Tree website
368:dialect with a distinctive accent, the original
1557:Zgharta On Google Maps Street View By Paul Saad
1421:Youssef Bey Karam on Ehden Family Tree website
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1332:Estephan Douaihy on Ehden Family Tree website
1310:Sleiman Frangieh on Ehden Family Tree website
1366:Salim Bey Karam on Ehden Family Tree website
40:
1399:Michel Mouawad on Ehden Family Tree website
1288:Hamid Frangieh on Ehden Family Tree website
722:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
593:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
477:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1377:Tony Frangieh on Ehden Family Tree website
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1321:Nayla Mouawad on Ehden Family Tree website
1277:Youssef Karam on Ehden Family Tree website
2110:Maronite Christian communities in Lebanon
2100:Populated places in the North Governorate
742:Learn how and when to remove this message
613:Learn how and when to remove this message
497:Learn how and when to remove this message
333:, 11 kilometres from the coastal city of
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648:On the eve of the 24th of January 1515,
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1109:which then passes through the city of
360:It is the seat and the capital of the
337:, 88.7 kilometres from the capital of
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345:, and 82 kilometres from the nearest
47:Zghorta, Zgharta-Ehden (municipality)
720:adding citations to reliable sources
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591:adding citations to reliable sources
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475:adding citations to reliable sources
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311:
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24:
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539:as evidenced by some large, heavy
522:
387:, and many prominent politicians:
30:City in North Governorate, Lebanon
27:City in North Governorate, Lebanon
25:
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1482:L. Copeland; P. Wescombe (1966).
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510:saying that Zgharta was named by
206:1.0 sq mi (2.6 km)
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1232:"Municipality of Zgharta Ehden"
1220:. Syriacpress. 24 October 2021.
407:, Estephan El Douaihy (ex-MP),
214:−440 ft (120 - 170 m)
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555:The founding of modern Zgharta
13:
1:
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814:Köppen climate classification
773:Indian troops in Zgharta 1942
415:(current MP), Jawad Boulos,
397:Historian Jawad Boulos Makary
1547:Youssef Bey Karam Foundation
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438:
7:
1166:
942:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
872:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
551:began in the 16th century.
10:
2126:
1542:Zgharta Ehden Municipality
1236:Municipality Zgharta Ehden
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1528:كتاب زغرتا تاريخ من تاريخ
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823:Climate data for Zgharta
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806:hot-summer Mediterranean
2037:Rvd. Seemaan El Douaihy
2046:Suleiman Frangieh, Jr.
1938:
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637:
1937:
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399:, Semaan El Douaihy,
377:Presidents of Lebanon
271: • Summer (
1983:History of Kfarsghab
1957:Monastery of Qozhaya
1432:Sfeir, Nagi (2018).
716:improve this section
587:improve this section
533:Neolithic Revolution
471:improve this section
401:Suleiman Frangieh Jr
238:~40,000 (incl. city)
2055:Estephan El Douaihy
2033:Youssef Salim Karam
2005:Estephan El Douaihy
1576: /
1146:Youssef Salim Karam
425:Estephan El Douaihy
389:Youssef Salim Karam
121: /
97:Location in Lebanon
1939:
1653:Towns and villages
1488:. Impr. Catholique
775:
660:, the minister of
652:, the governor of
638:
203: • Urban
190: • Mayor
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2086:
2015:Suleiman Frangieh
2010:Youssef Bey Karam
1962:Mar Sarkis, Ehden
1945:Notable landmarks
1865:Mazraat Al Toufah
1634:North Governorate
1580:34.400°N 35.900°E
1552:Ehden Family Tree
1141:Youssef Bey Karam
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429:Youssef Bey Karam
381:Suleiman Frangieh
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224: • City
167:North Governorate
125:34.400°N 35.900°E
16:(Redirected from
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2074:Youakim Moubarac
1630:Zgharta District
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983:
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973:
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948:
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928:
923:
918:
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898:
893:
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883:
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873:
869:
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844:
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749:
732:September 2017
700:
698:
691:
685:
682:
662:Sultan Selim I
621:
620:
603:September 2017
571:
569:
562:
556:
553:
524:
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455:
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446:
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393:Hamid Frangieh
291:
290:
287:
281:
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130:34.400; 35.900
103:
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96:
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29:
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9:
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2098:
2097:
2095:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2059:Tony Frangieh
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1967:Iaal Fortress
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
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1950:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1926:
1923:
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1918:
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1901:
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1733:
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1730:Bhairet Toula
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
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1683:
1681:
1680:Arbet Kozhaya
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
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1663:
1661:
1658:
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1651:
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1607:
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1600:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1558:
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1540:
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1525:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1503:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1469:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1441:SAUES Journal
1435:
1428:
1422:
1417:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1384:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1362:
1354:
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1344:
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1340:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1251:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1171:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1118:Mount Lebanon
1114:
1112:
1108:
1107:Abu Ali River
1093:
1089:
1084:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1014:precipitation
1010:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
940:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
870:
826:
821:
817:
815:
811:
807:
797:
794:
793:Mount Lebanon
790:
786:
771:
767:
763:
760:
758:
746:
743:
735:
725:
721:
717:
711:
710:
706:
701:This section
699:
695:
690:
689:
684:Later history
681:
677:
675:
671:
665:
663:
659:
656:, along with
655:
651:
646:
643:
635:
631:
627:
617:
614:
606:
596:
592:
588:
582:
581:
577:
572:This section
570:
566:
561:
560:
552:
550:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
515:
513:
501:
498:
490:
480:
476:
472:
466:
465:
461:
456:This section
454:
450:
445:
444:
436:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:Michel Moawad
414:
413:Tony Frangieh
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
325:
321:
320:North Lebanon
317:
309:
301:
297:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
268:
264:
260:
257:
255:
251:
247:
245:
241:
237:
235:
232: •
230:
226:
222:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
196:
192:
188:
183:
180:
177:
175:
171:
168:
165:
163:
159:
156:
145:
143:
139:
134:
106:Coordinates:
104:
79:
70:
63:
58:
51:
34:
19:
2064:Jawad Boulos
2041:Nayla Moawad
1924:
1775:Harf Miziara
1644:
1643:
1561:
1524:
1513:
1502:
1490:. Retrieved
1484:
1477:
1468:
1457:the original
1444:
1440:
1427:
1416:
1405:
1394:
1383:
1372:
1361:
1352:
1327:
1316:
1305:
1294:
1283:
1272:
1261:
1250:
1239:. Retrieved
1235:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1136:Odette Kaddo
1115:
1104:
1092:Climate data
1016:mm (inches)
809:
803:
781:
764:
761:
753:
738:
729:
714:Please help
702:
678:
666:
647:
639:
609:
600:
585:Please help
573:
545:
526:
508:
493:
484:
469:Please help
457:
433:
405:Nayla Moawad
374:
359:
328:
315:
295:
294:
2020:René Moawad
1840:Kfarshakhna
1583: /
658:Sinan Pasha
632:in winter (
385:René Moawad
162:Governorate
128: /
2094:Categories
2003:Patriarch
1850:Kfaryachit
1820:Kfardlakos
1815:Karmsaddeh
1810:Karahbache
1770:Harf Ardeh
1720:Beit Obeid
1715:Beit Awkar
1665:Aintourine
1353:the961.com
1241:2023-03-25
1200:References
1161:Jean Obeid
789:Phoenician
650:Al-Ghazali
244:Demonym(s)
219:Population
185:Government
1855:Kfarzeina
1835:Kfarsghab
1830:Kfarhawra
1710:Bchennine
1705:Basloukit
1642:Capital:
1121:popular.
1101:Geography
785:Canaanite
703:does not
574:does not
541:Neolithic
487:July 2018
458:does not
439:Etymology
285:Area code
254:Time zone
211:Elevation
1900:Rachiine
1875:Mejdlaya
1845:Kfarhata
1790:Houmeiss
1760:Fraydiss
1167:See also
1086:Source:
1012:Average
654:Damascus
366:Lebanese
174:District
1976:History
1925:Zgharta
1905:Raskifa
1885:Miziara
1880:Miriata
1825:Kfarfou
1805:Kadrieh
1800:Jdaydeh
1735:Bnachii
1725:Besbeel
1690:Ashashe
1645:Zgharta
1571:35°54′E
1568:34°24′N
1492:3 March
1111:Tripoli
1081:(41.5)
1007:(52.1)
1002:(43.0)
997:(49.3)
992:(56.1)
987:(61.0)
982:(65.1)
977:(63.9)
972:(60.6)
967:(54.9)
962:(48.6)
957:(43.2)
952:(40.3)
947:(39.4)
937:(71.1)
932:(58.3)
927:(66.7)
922:(76.6)
917:(82.9)
912:(87.3)
907:(86.4)
902:(82.8)
897:(76.1)
892:(68.2)
887:(59.7)
882:(54.9)
877:(53.8)
812:in the
800:Climate
757:sherwal
724:removed
709:sources
670:Tripoli
595:removed
580:sources
535:by the
518:History
479:removed
464:sources
351:Tartous
339:Lebanon
335:Tripoli
324:Tripoli
316:Zghorta
296:Zgharta
227:~30,000
155:Lebanon
142:Country
116:35°54′E
113:34°24′N
91:Zgharta
37:Zgharta
18:Zghorta
1915:Sereel
1910:Sebhel
1890:Sakhra
1745:Daraya
1740:Bousit
1700:Asnoun
1695:Aslout
1660:Aarjes
1076:(7.7)
1071:(4.4)
1066:(1.7)
1061:(0.4)
1056:(0.1)
1051:(0.0)
1046:(0.1)
1041:(1.1)
1036:(2.9)
1031:(6.5)
1026:(7.4)
1021:(9.2)
828:Month
778:Accent
674:firman
642:Syriac
370:Syriac
349:city,
347:Syrian
343:Beirut
300:Arabic
289:+961 6
152:
1920:Toula
1785:Hilan
1780:Hawqa
1755:Ejbeh
1750:Ehden
1685:Ardeh
1670:Aitou
1460:(PDF)
1447:(2).
1437:(PDF)
1189:Ehden
1079:1,053
867:Year
630:Ehden
549:Ehden
355:Ehden
331:Ehden
312:ܙܓܪܬܐ
304:زغرتا
259:UTC+2
234:Metro
42:زغرتا
1795:Iaal
1675:Alma
1494:2011
1113:.
1005:11.2
990:13.4
985:16.1
980:18.4
975:17.7
970:15.9
965:12.7
935:21.7
930:14.6
925:19.3
920:24.8
915:28.3
910:30.7
905:30.2
900:28.2
895:24.5
890:20.1
885:15.4
880:12.7
875:12.1
864:Dec
861:Nov
858:Oct
855:Sep
852:Aug
849:Jul
846:Jun
843:May
840:Apr
837:Mar
834:Feb
831:Jan
707:any
705:cite
578:any
576:cite
527:The
462:any
460:cite
383:and
198:Area
54:City
1449:doi
1074:195
1069:112
1029:164
1024:187
1019:234
1000:6.1
995:9.6
960:9.2
955:6.2
950:4.6
945:4.1
810:Csa
718:by
589:by
473:by
273:DST
263:EET
2096::
1632:,
1443:.
1439:.
1351:.
1338:^
1234:.
1216:.
1090:,
1064:43
1059:11
1039:29
1034:73
411:,
403:,
395:,
391:,
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341:,
310::
306:,
302::
279:+3
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1244:.
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739:(
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616:)
610:(
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601:(
597:.
583:.
500:)
494:(
489:)
485:(
481:.
467:.
298:(
275:)
265:)
261:(
20:)
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