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schemes, both of which would have kept the Cloth Hall and the
Cathedral in ruins, but one scheme would allow rebuilding houses around the Grand Place, whereas the other would have created a belt of trees surrounding the Hall and Cathedral. By early September 1920, the decision had been made by the British Government that the
1002:
There is not a single half-acre in Ypres that is not sacred. There is not a single stone which has not sheltered scores of loyal young hearts, whose one impulse and desire was to fight and, if need be, to die for
England. Their blood has drenched its cloisters and its cellars, but if never a drop had
1248:
soldiers who fought and died there. During the Second World War the ceremony was prohibited by the occupying German forces, but was resumed on the very evening of liberation – 6 September 1944 – notwithstanding the heavy fighting still underway in other parts of the town. The Last Post ceremony was,
1014:
proposed to leave Ypres as a mausoleum, with the rightful owners to be deprived from regaining their land. By early March 1919, the
Belgian scheme was to leave the Cathedral and Cloth Hall and the buildings around them in ruins. By November 1919, the Belgian government was seriously considering two
989:
states that in the 1920s, British veterans set up the Ypres League and made the city the symbol of all that they believed
Britain was fighting for and gave it a holy aura in their minds. The Ypres League sought to transform the horrors of trench warfare into a spiritual quest in which British and
906:
east of the city at a terrible cost of lives. After months of fighting, this battle resulted in nearly half a million casualties to all sides, and only a few miles of ground won by Allied forces. During the course of the war the town was all but obliterated by the artillery fire.
1268:, in a joint effort by the Belgian, Flemish and Australian governments, the lions were temporarily returned to the Menin Gate. Exact replicas are now installed, in their original position, guarding the approach to Menin Gate on its eastern side.
792:
Ypres had long been fortified to keep out invaders. Parts of the early ramparts, dating from 1385, still survive near the
Rijselpoort (Lille Gate). Over time, the earthworks were replaced by sturdier masonry and earth structures and a partial
666:
was built in the 13th century. Also during this time cats, then the symbol of the devil and witchcraft, were thrown off Cloth Hall, possibly because of the belief that this would get rid of evil demons. Today, this act is commemorated with a
1464:), until the company went bankrupt. Since then, the office area had many difficult years, where a big share of the offices were unused. However, those years are mostly over, and currently, the area offers about 1000 employees a job.
1371:("Kattenstoet") takes place every three years on the second Sunday of May. It involves the throwing of stuffed toy cats from the belfry and a colourful parade of cats and witches. The latest Cat Parade took place on 13 May 2018.
1239:
soldiers would have taken heading towards the fighting – many never to return. Every evening since 1929, at precisely eight o'clock, traffic around the imposing arches of the Menin Gate
Memorial has been stopped while the
1062:, with the main square, including the Cloth Hall and town hall, being rebuilt as close to the original designs as possible (the rest of the rebuilt town is more modern in appearance). The Cloth Hall today is home to
2117:
864:, which continued until 25 May 1915. They captured high ground east of the town. The first gas attack occurred against Canadian, British, and French soldiers, including both metropolitan French soldiers as well as
1126:
was built in the 13th century and was one of the largest commercial buildings of the Middle Ages. The structure which stands today is the exact copy of the original medieval building, rebuilt after the war. The
1003:
been spilt, if never a life had been lost in defence of Ypres still would Ypres have been hallowed, if only for the hopes and the courage it has inspired and the scenes of valour and sacrifice it has witnessed.
1097:. The city governments of Ypres and Hiroshima advocate that cities should never be targets again and campaign for the abolition of nuclear weapons. Ypres hosts the international campaign secretariat of
1559:(1617–1673), Baroque painter, draughtsman and printmaker. He was first active in Antwerp, where he worked in the workshop of Rubens, and later became court painter at the Habsburg court in Vienna.
837:
into the war. The German army surrounded the city on three sides, bombarding it throughout much of the war. To counterattack, British, French, and allied forces made costly advances from the
487:
458:
821:
Ypres occupied a strategic position during the First World War because it stood in the path of
Germany's planned sweep across the rest of Belgium and into France from the north (the
1205:, a site which marks the farthest point reached by Commonwealth forces in Belgium until nearly the end of the war. Other New Zealand casualties are commemorated on memorials at
1864:
1201:
during the First World War before 16 August 1917 and who have no known grave. United
Kingdom and New Zealand servicemen who died after that date are named on the memorial at
647:
in Kievan Rus' in the early 12th century. In 1241, a major fire ruined much of the old city. The powerful city was involved in important treaties and battles, including the
2114:
1850:
1578:
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since its creation in 1965. It is organized by the Auto Club Targa Florio. Some of the drivers to have taken part are among the best-known names in rallying, such as
2753:
2440:
1918:
1213:. The Menin Gate records only soldiers for whom there is no known grave. As graves are identified, the names of those buried in them are removed from the Gate.
910:
English-speaking soldiers often referred to Ieper/Ypres by the deliberate mispronunciation "Wipers". British soldiers even published a wartime newspaper called
1453:
743:
2547:
894:
Of the battles, the largest, best-known, and most costly in human suffering was the Third Battle of Ypres (31 July to 10 November 1917, also known as the
1038:; the Germans had forbidden the ceremony when they occupied Ypres in 1940; from January 1941 until the liberation, the daily commemoration took place in
1445:
Though Ypres is an historic city, and generates significant income from tourism, it also has a number of industrial areas. The biggest one is along the
235:
223:
916:. The same style of deliberate mispronunciation was applied to other Flemish place names in the Ypres area for the benefit of British troops, such as
1604:
1591:
1256:, were presented to Australia in 1936 by the people of Belgium, as acknowledgement of Australia's sacrifice during the war. They now reside in the
728:
in 1709 intended to capture Ypres, at the time a major French fortress, but changed his mind owing to the long time and effort it had taken him to
762:
ordered parts of the walls torn down. This destruction, which was only partly repaired, made it easier for the French to capture the city in the
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2746:
1540:
1632:
1081:. Ypres these days has the title of "city of peace" and maintains a close friendship with another town on which war had a profound impact:
1954:
2155:
3329:
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3319:
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2739:
2360:
1345:
1101:, an international Mayoral organization mobilizing cities and citizens worldwide to abolish and eliminate nuclear weapons by 2020.
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presented the Cross in a special ceremony in the city, and in 1925 it was added to the city's coat of arms, along with the French
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3283:
1253:
1039:
1030:
On
September 6, 1944, the 1st Polish Armoured Division liberated the town of Ypres after 4 years of occupation, and the nightly '
1007:
Ypres became a pilgrimage destination for
Britons to imagine and share the sufferings of their men and gain a spiritual benefit.
725:
173:
2002:
1968:
1316:
War graves, both of the Allied side and the Central Powers, cover the landscape around Ypres. The largest number of dead are at
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1197:
commemorates those soldiers of the British Commonwealth – with the exception of Newfoundland and New Zealand – who fell in the
1019:
and its immediate surroundings would be used as a memorial, by which time, the Belgians had already begun to rebuild the area.
643:), Ypres played an important role in the history of the textile industry. Textiles from Ypres could be found in the markets of
2073:
1515:, a commander of Flemish mercenaries in England who was reckoned among the more able of the military commanders fighting for
1210:
935:
1022:
In the 100th anniversary period more attempts were being made to preserve the First World War heritage in and around Ypres.
826:
1348:
commemorates the British and Commonwealth soldiers who died in the five battles fought for Ypres during First World War.
1225:
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to the City of Ypres, one of only two awards of this decoration to a municipality during World War I, the other being to
591:
291:
280:
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1150:, built in 1221, was also completely reconstructed after the war, but now with a higher spire. It houses the tombs of
883:, also called Yperite from the name of this town, was also used for the first time near Ypres, in the autumn of 1917.
259:
2731:
2504:
2138:
2012:
1978:
1929:
425:
2410:
802:
2589:– A comprehensive English language guide to Ypres (Ieper); includes history, sightseeing and Belgian beer culture.
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2541:
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During World War Two, the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) would fight the Germans in a delaying action at the
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Abbott, Peter Edward; Tamplin (1981). British Gallantry Awards (2nd ed.). London, UK: Nimrod Dix and Co.;
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and the French. Major works were completed at the end of the 17th century by the French military engineer
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is most commonly used in English. The municipality comprises the city of Ypres/Ieper and the villages of
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is connected to the industrial area. That office area started as the site of speech recognition company
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1503:
It can also be accessed from Brussels, linking to Eurostar, and takes about 75 minutes with two stops.
767:
648:
1235:
The memorial's location is especially poignant, as it lies on the eastward route from the town, which
848:(19 October to 22 November 1914), the Allies captured the town from the Germans. The Germans had used
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1572:
1244:" is sounded beneath the gate by the buglers of the Last Post Association in honour of the memory of
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in the first century BC. It is first mentioned by name in 1066 and is probably named after the river
595:
Excerpt from the chronicle of Ypres, with numerous legends and anecdotes. Written in the 18th century
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299:
64:
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instead, hosted daily at Brookwood Military Cemetery in England for the duration of that period.
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1663:(1925–2017), from 1954 to 2015 chief bugler at the Menin Gate for the daily Last Post ceremony.
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1556:
1530:
1163:
1090:
861:
797:. Ypres was further fortified in the 17th and 18th centuries while under the occupation of the
732:
and apprehension of disease spreading in his army in the poorly drained land around Ypres (see
496:
60:
2035:
786:
3224:
2644:
2215:
Connelly, "The Ypres League and the Commemoration of the Ypres Salient, 1914–1940", pp. 51–76
1489:
1483:
1417:
Ypres holds an annual canoe polo tournament in which teams come from all over Europe to play.
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917:
845:
763:
702:
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98:
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Association for World War Archaeology; information about World War I excavations near Ypres
2151:
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1690:
1679:
1457:
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295:
247:
2345:
The gate is called "Menin Gate" because it is situated on the road to the Flemish city of
1892:
8:
3186:
2496:
2202:
Mark Connelly, "The Ypres League and the Commemoration of the Ypres Salient, 1914–1940",
2152:"Award of Military Cross to City of Ypres, Imperial War Museum Accessed: 8 November 2018"
1264:. In 2017, for the 100th anniversary memorial services of the Third Battle of Ypres, or
1143:
1136:
903:
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1449:
canal, which hosts room for around 120 companies and a wind farm in the north of Ypres.
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2177:
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1516:
1330:
1217:
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from May to August 1383, until French relief forces arrived. After the destruction of
88:
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2134:
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2008:
1974:
1948:
1702:
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1085:. Both towns witnessed warfare at its worst: Ypres was one of the first places where
1050:
1011:
853:
756:
663:
228:
1865:"Kroniek van Ieper, 180-1695, met talrijke legendarische of anecdotische onderdelen"
1843:
1403:
3004:
2713:
1660:
1565:(1754– 1799), Abbess of the Ypres Benedictine convent during the French Revolution.
1562:
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Then there are also various other, smaller industrial areas like the area around
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After the war the town was extensively rebuilt using money paid by Germany in
963:
946:) fought at Ypres in the First World War and later visited the town during the
834:
451:
443:
240:
49:
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2459:"Taalkeuze – Choix de langue – Choose your language – Wählen Sie Ihre Sprache"
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20:
1601:(1855–1901) Minister of Industry and Labour, Lawyer, University Professor,
886:
3021:
2562:
2418:
2273:
2090:
1568:
1534:
1520:
1429:, one of the biggest European festivals in the hardcore metal subculture.
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Ypres is a small city in the very western part of Belgium, the so-called
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671:
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536:
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1815:
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1265:
1252:
The stone lions bearing the Ypres coat-of-arms, which once flanked the
1194:
1187:
1182:
1016:
857:
833:, was guaranteed by Britain; Germany's invasion of Belgium brought the
736:). In 1713 it was handed over to the Habsburgs, and became part of the
543:, and Zuidschote. Together, they are home to about 34,900 inhabitants.
528:
2115:"TV review: The Wipers Times, BBC2 – A bit like Blackadder, only true"
1678:
Jo Lernout and Pol Hauspie, founders of the speech technology company
3257:
3239:
3147:
3135:
3120:
3115:
3086:
3080:
3034:
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2891:
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1829:
1797:
1608:
1550:
1425:
1399:
1241:
1159:
1151:
1082:
1066:, dedicated to Ypres's role in the First World War and named for the
798:
717:
constructed his typical fortifications that can still be seen today.
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2066:
The Armies of the First French Republic: Volume I The Armée du Nord
1446:
1433:
1321:
1261:
1202:
1132:
876:
849:
774:
644:
615:
604:
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352:
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1420:
On 9 July 2014, the 101st Tour de France started stage 5 in Ypres.
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1324:. The countryside around Ypres is featured in the famous poem by
938:, one of the actions that allowed the Allied retreat to Dunkirk.
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865:
782:
493:
216:
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860:
for the first time on 22 April 1915 marked the beginning of the
3251:
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2807:
2274:"The Western Front | Kingston upon Hull War Memorial 1914-1918"
1811:
1793:
1054:
The fountain in the Grote Markt, Ypres, opposite the Cloth Hall
967:
778:
714:
640:
813:
618:
city with a population of 40,000 in 1200 AD, renowned for its
408:
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3141:
2956:
2814:
2346:
2218:
1823:
1760:
1432:
From 11 - 13 July 2023, a conference for micronations called
1423:
During the last weekend of August each year, Ypres hosts the
899:
636:
619:
2857:
2545:
in Oral Histories of the First World War: Veterans 1914–1918
2458:
2441:"Bedrijventerrein langs Ieperleekanaal breidt uit met 9 ha"
1493:
990:
imperial troops were purified by their sacrifice. In 1920,
794:
599:
Ypres is an ancient town, known to have been raided by the
417:
2531:
781:
Epoch was named on the basis of geology in the region by
2254:
2242:
2230:
2178:"Heraldry of the world: Iper. Accessed: 8 November 2018"
378:
2574:
2521:
2376:
1460:, and was named "Flanders Language Valley" (mimicking
875:(light infantry) from French Africa. The gas used was
2060:
927:
Ypres was one of the sites that hosted an unofficial
550:, Ypres (or "Wipers" as it was commonly known by the
426:
414:
411:
2297:. Brookwood Last Post Association. 6 September 2019
1228:on 24 July 1927. It was built and is maintained by
405:
31:
City and municipality in Flemish Community, Belgium
1118:Cloth Hall and Grote Markt (Great Market) at night
2493:Missing: The Need for Closure after the Great War
3296:
2558:Mayors For Peace International Secretariat Ypres
2068:. USA: Pickle Partners Publishing. p. 317.
841:into the German lines on the surrounding hills.
1648:(1907–1990), nun, social worker, co-founder of
1549:(1585–1638), bishop of Ypres and father of the
622:trade with England, which was mentioned in the
2088:
1276:"Who will remember, passing through this Gate,
1158:and father of the religious movement known as
2747:
2608:
1436:took place in Ypres with 70 people attending.
931:in 1914 between German and British soldiers.
747:Siege of Ypres in 1794 by General Pichegru, (
701:was elevated to cathedral. On 25 March 1678,
2622:
2583:and limited information available in English
1675:(born 1949), emeritus dean Leuven university
1166:, nicknamed "The Lion of Flanders", who was
975:
518:
517:is the official one, the city's French name
2000:
1738:(born 1993), professional basketball player
512:
41:
2754:
2740:
2615:
2601:
1851:"Bevolking per gemeente op 1 januari 2022"
953:
386:
2487:
2260:
2248:
2236:
2224:
1887:
1885:
1711:(born 1959), politician, Belgian minister
1131:that surmounts the hall houses a 49-bell
1478:
1355:
1336:
1181:
1113:
1093:, while Hiroshima suffered the debut of
1049:
885:
812:
742:
590:
578:
3284:Municipalities with language facilities
2317:"Mayors for Peace 2020 Vision Campaign"
998:captured the mood of the Ypres League:
3297:
2537:Pilgrimage to Ypres and Sanctuary Wood
1973:. Fundación El legado andalusì. 2006.
1953:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1882:
1693:(born, 1957), MD and stem cell pioneer
1687:(born 1956), classical baritone singer
1230:The Commonwealth War Graves Commission
817:Ypres's shell-blasted Cloth Hall burns
607:on the banks of which it was founded.
314:131.45 km (50.75 sq mi)
2735:
2596:
1893:"A History of Ypres (Ieper): Origins"
1135:. The whole complex was designated a
479:
450:
437:
288: • Governing party/ies
2630:
2158:from the original on 7 November 2018
1279:The unheroic Dead who fed the guns?"
651:, the Battle at Mons-en-Pévèle, the
1025:
902:, and French forces recaptured the
898:), in which the British, Canadian,
693:, Ypres became the seat of the new
13:
2206:(2009) 16#1 pp. 51–76, quote p. 55
2004:Life & Work in Medieval Europe
1322:Tyne Cot Commonwealth war cemetery
1195:Menin Gate Memorial to the Missing
992:Lieutenant-Colonel Beckles Willson
808:
14:
3341:
2515:
1642:(1895–1954), university professor
1617:(1881–1959), politician, minister
1607:(1859–1910) engineer, builder of
1588:(1812–1884), politician, minister
1506:
631:As the third largest city in the
3330:Vauban fortifications in Belgium
3325:Recipients of the Military Cross
3320:World War I memorials in Belgium
2856:
2695:
2678:
2670:
2653:
2563:Webpage about the fortifications
2295:"Ypres 75th Liberation Ceremony"
2184:from the original on 9 June 2012
2001:Boissonnade (5 September 2013).
1822:
1804:
1782:
1767:
1749:
1669:(1931–2019), molecular biologist
856:on 3 January 1915. Their use of
749:Musée de la Révolution française
401:
209:
155:
132:
125:
97:
87:
72:
3315:Municipalities of West Flanders
2451:
2433:
2403:
2394:
2369:
2352:
2339:
2309:
2287:
2266:
2209:
2196:
2170:
2144:
2127:
2108:
1729:(born 1982), lead guitarist of
1211:Messines Ridge British Cemetery
1035:
996:The Holy Ground of British Arms
829:of Belgium, established by the
709:. It remained French under the
2554:at Library and Archives Canada
2082:
2054:
2036:"See chapter 5.6.2 (in Dutch)"
2028:
1994:
1961:
1911:
1857:
1742:
1656:John French, 1st Earl of Ypres
1374:Ypres is also the home of the
1346:Saint George's Memorial Church
1341:Saint George's Memorial Church
1216:The memorial, designed by Sir
1109:
1045:
1034:' ceremony was resumed at the
803:Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban
16:City in West Flanders, Belgium
1:
2696:
2654:
2568:Coat of arms of Ieper (Ypres)
2480:
2124:Independent 12 September 2013
1705:(born 1957), fashion designer
1575:from 1871 to 1878 and in 1884
1318:Langemark German war cemetery
1311:
1177:
722:War of the Spanish Succession
133:
78:Cloth Hall in the Grand Place
2679:
2671:
1818:, Pas-de-Calais (since 1969)
1474:
1376:Belgium Ypres Westhoek Rally
681:, led by the English bishop
346:8900, 8902, 8904, 8906, 8908
7:
2579:– Information available in
1699:(born 1957), opera composer
1623:(1803–1881), music theorist
1207:Buttes New British Cemetery
1040:Brookwood Military Cemetery
920:becoming "White Sheet" and
10:
3346:
2543:The Second Battle of Ypres
1723:(born 1975), racing driver
1440:
768:War of the First Coalition
649:Battle of the Golden Spurs
574:
569:
18:
3266:
3203:
3161:
3101:
3044:
2990:
2907:
2865:
2854:
2785:
2628:
2550:30 September 2007 at the
2527:In Flanders Fields Museum
2120:25 September 2015 at the
1717:(born 1959), jazz pianist
1573:Prime Minister of Belgium
1571:(1810–1886), politician,
1452:The office area known as
1351:
1300:On Passing the Menin Gate
1104:
1064:In Flanders Fields Museum
614:, Ypres was a prosperous
511:. Though the Dutch name
373:
363:
351:
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331:
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318:
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287:
275:
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258:
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222:
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169:
120:
111:
83:
71:
58:
36:
2623:Places adjacent to Ypres
1836:
1579:Alphonse Vandenpeereboom
1148:Saint Martin's Cathedral
924:becoming "Plug Street".
554:) was the centre of the
40:
2089:Goode, Dominic (2006).
1517:King Stephen of England
1471:in the south of Ypres.
1258:Australian War Memorial
954:War memory and memorial
896:Battle of Passchendaele
468:
335:270/km (690/sq mi)
2575:Ieper official website
2321:2020visioncampaign.org
1629:(1883–1915), cricketer
1557:Jan Thomas van Ieperen
1543:(1522–1595), architect
1531:Jacob Clemens non Papa
1486:
1363:
1342:
1220:with sculpture by Sir
1190:
1119:
1055:
1005:
976:
891:
862:Second Battle of Ypres
831:First Treaty of London
818:
752:
596:
588:
519:
513:
476:
447:
42:
3225:Langemark-Poelkapelle
2645:Langemark-Poelkapelle
2532:Last Post Association
2400:Australian Government
2062:Phipps, Ramsay Weston
1680:Lernout & Hauspie
1496:has hourly trains to
1490:Ieper railway station
1484:Ieper railway station
1482:
1458:Lernout & Hauspie
1359:
1340:
1185:
1117:
1053:
1000:
958:On 12 February 1920,
944:Chancellor of Germany
889:
846:First Battle of Ypres
816:
746:
699:Saint Martin's Church
594:
582:
527:, Brielen, Dikkebus,
149:Location of Ypres in
2363:15 June 2011 at the
2227:, pp. 173, 176.
2095:Fortified-places.com
1691:Catherine Verfaillie
972:Field Marshal French
890:Ruins of Ypres, 1919
738:Austrian Netherlands
734:Battle of Malplaquet
332: • Density
189:50.85083°N 2.88500°E
146:Location in Belgium
2497:Pen and Sword Books
2491:(30 October 2019).
1935:on 3 September 2015
1832:, Upper West Region
1778:, Kent (since 1964)
1454:Ieper Business Park
1139:by UNESCO in 1999.
1137:World Heritage Site
936:Ypres-Comines Canal
904:Passchendaele Ridge
787:André Hubert Dumont
764:1794 Siege of Ypres
726:Duke of Marlborough
707:Louis XIV of France
703:Ypres was conquered
185: /
2587:Ypres Travel Guide
2489:van Emden, Richard
2421:on 30 October 2020
2042:. 23 November 1914
1926:isites.harvard.edu
1652:, Papua New Guinea
1646:Simona Noorenbergh
1487:
1364:
1343:
1331:In Flanders Fields
1224:, was unveiled by
1218:Reginald Blomfield
1191:
1120:
1056:
892:
819:
753:
711:Treaty of Nijmegen
687:Ypres was besieged
683:Henry le Despenser
633:County of Flanders
597:
589:
324: • Total
311: • Total
276: • Mayor
19:For the film, see
3292:
3291:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2415:Kattenstoet Ieper
2377:"CWGC – Homepage"
2075:978-1-908692-24-5
1899:. 10 October 2011
1703:Edouard Vermeulen
1521:19-year civil war
1296:Siegfried Sassoon
1222:William Reid Dick
1172:Count of Flanders
1164:Robert of Bethune
1012:Winston Churchill
854:Battle of Bolimov
760:Emperor Joseph II
705:by the forces of
394:
393:
229:Flemish Community
194:50.85083; 2.88500
114:Location of Ypres
3337:
2860:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2733:
2732:
2714:Comines-Warneton
2699:
2698:
2682:
2681:
2674:
2673:
2657:
2656:
2631:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2578:
2577:
2510:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2417:. Archived from
2407:
2401:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2373:
2367:
2356:
2350:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2327:on 18 April 2011
2323:. Archived from
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2207:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2148:
2142:
2131:
2125:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1952:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1934:
1928:. Archived from
1923:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1827:
1826:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1774:United Kingdom:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1661:Antoon Verschoot
1641:
1600:
1587:
1563:Clementine Lynch
1547:Cornelius Jansen
1533:(c. 1510–1556),
1513:William of Ypres
1170:(1273–1322) and
1099:Mayors for Peace
1087:chemical warfare
1026:Second World War
981:
948:Battle of France
913:The Wipers Times
695:Diocese of Ypres
657:Battle of Cassel
625:Canterbury Tales
556:Battles of Ypres
522:
516:
491:
490:
489:
483:
481:[ˈyːpɐn]
462:
461:
460:
454:
441:
436:
429:
424:
423:
420:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
390:
385:
382:
380:
215:
213:
212:
200:
199:
197:
196:
195:
190:
186:
183:
182:
181:
178:
159:
136:
135:
129:
101:
91:
76:
53:
45:
34:
33:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3262:
3199:
3157:
3097:
3040:
3028:Oostende/Ostend
2986:
2903:
2861:
2852:
2781:
2760:
2730:
2725:
2683:
2624:
2621:
2573:
2572:
2552:Wayback Machine
2518:
2513:
2507:
2483:
2478:
2477:
2467:
2465:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2447:. 28 June 2011.
2439:
2438:
2434:
2424:
2422:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2365:Wayback Machine
2357:
2353:
2344:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2300:
2298:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2259:
2255:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2132:
2128:
2122:Wayback Machine
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2015:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1921:
1919:"Archived copy"
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1821:
1805:
1803:
1783:
1781:
1768:
1766:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1635:
1627:Edward Phillips
1621:Camille Durutte
1594:
1581:
1525:Empress Matilda
1509:
1477:
1443:
1354:
1314:
1180:
1168:Count of Nevers
1156:bishop of Ypres
1112:
1107:
1095:nuclear warfare
1048:
1028:
1010:After the war,
994:'s guide book,
978:Croix de Guerre
956:
929:Christmas Truce
823:Schlieffen Plan
811:
809:First World War
730:capture Tournai
679:Norwich Crusade
577:
572:
548:First World War
485:
484:
456:
455:
452:[ˈipər]
434:
427:
404:
400:
377:
359:
347:
210:
208:
193:
191:
187:
184:
179:
176:
174:
172:
171:
165:
164:
163:
162:
161:
160:
153:
144:
143:
142:
141:
137:
116:
115:
107:
106:
105:
104:
95:
94:
79:
67:
54:
47:
39:
32:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3343:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3277:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3248:
3243:
3236:
3227:
3222:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3007:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2967:
2964:Spiere-Helkijn
2960:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2871:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2763:Municipalities
2759:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2736:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2711:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2669:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2584:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2517:
2516:External links
2514:
2512:
2511:
2505:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2463:Belgianrail.be
2450:
2432:
2402:
2393:
2368:
2351:
2338:
2308:
2286:
2265:
2263:, p. 181.
2261:van Emden 2019
2253:
2251:, p. 180.
2249:van Emden 2019
2241:
2239:, p. 178.
2237:van Emden 2019
2229:
2225:van Emden 2019
2217:
2208:
2204:War in History
2195:
2169:
2143:
2126:
2107:
2081:
2074:
2053:
2027:
2013:
1993:
1979:
1960:
1910:
1897:Greatwar.co.uk
1881:
1856:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1819:
1801:
1779:
1764:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1736:Emma Meesseman
1733:
1727:Isaac Delahaye
1724:
1718:
1715:Erik Vermeulen
1712:
1709:Renaat Landuyt
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1653:
1643:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1605:Julien Nyssens
1602:
1592:Albert Nyssens
1589:
1576:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1544:
1538:
1528:
1508:
1507:Notable people
1505:
1476:
1473:
1462:Silicon Valley
1442:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1404:François Duval
1388:Henri Toivonen
1380:Juha Kankkunen
1372:
1353:
1350:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1246:British Empire
1179:
1176:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1047:
1044:
1027:
1024:
970:. In May 1920
964:Military Cross
955:
952:
835:British Empire
810:
807:
674:through town.
653:Peace of Melun
576:
573:
571:
568:
552:British troops
539:, Voormezele,
392:
391:
375:
371:
370:
367:
361:
360:
357:
355:
349:
348:
345:
343:
337:
336:
333:
329:
328:
325:
321:
320:
316:
315:
312:
308:
307:
303:
302:
289:
285:
284:
279:Emmily Talpe (
277:
273:
272:
268:
267:
262:
260:Arrondissement
256:
255:
250:
244:
243:
241:Flemish Region
238:
232:
231:
226:
220:
219:
206:
202:
201:
167:
166:
154:
148:
147:
145:
139:
138:
131:
130:
124:
123:
122:
121:
118:
117:
113:
112:
109:
108:
102:
96:
92:
86:
85:
84:
81:
80:
77:
69:
68:
59:
56:
55:
37:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3342:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2859:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2808:Bruges/Brugge
2805:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2771:West Flanders
2768:
2764:
2757:
2752:
2750:
2745:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2677:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2508:
2506:9781526760968
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2397:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2348:
2342:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2296:
2290:
2275:
2269:
2262:
2257:
2250:
2245:
2238:
2233:
2226:
2221:
2212:
2205:
2199:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2140:
2139:9780902633742
2136:
2130:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2111:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2077:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2016:
2014:9781136196416
2010:
2007:. Routledge.
2006:
2005:
1997:
1982:
1980:9788496556348
1976:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1956:
1950:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1914:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1852:
1846:
1842:
1831:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1780:
1777:
1776:Sittingbourne
1765:
1762:
1758:
1747:
1746:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1721:David Saelens
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1697:Nicholas Lens
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1673:Marc Vervenne
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1615:Albert Devèze
1613:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1570:
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1450:
1448:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1414:among others.
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1349:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1254:original gate
1250:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1199:Ypres Salient
1196:
1189:
1184:
1175:
1174:(1305–1322).
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1122:The imposing
1116:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1004:
999:
997:
993:
988:
987:Mark Connelly
983:
980:
979:
973:
969:
965:
961:
960:King George V
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
932:
930:
925:
923:
919:
915:
914:
908:
905:
901:
897:
888:
884:
882:
878:
874:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
842:
840:
839:Ypres Salient
836:
832:
828:
824:
815:
806:
804:
800:
796:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
773:In 1850, the
771:
769:
765:
761:
758:
750:
745:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
697:in 1561, and
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
675:
673:
670:
665:
660:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
629:
627:
626:
621:
617:
613:
608:
606:
602:
593:
587:(around 1775)
586:
583:Ypres on the
581:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
521:
515:
510:
509:West Flanders
506:
502:
498:
495:
488:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
459:
453:
449:
445:
440:
439:[ipʁ]
432:
431:
422:
398:
389:
384:
376:
372:
368:
366:
362:
356:
354:
350:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
313:
309:
304:
301:
297:
293:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
269:
266:
263:
261:
257:
254:
253:West Flanders
251:
249:
245:
242:
239:
237:
233:
230:
227:
225:
221:
218:
207:
203:
198:
170:Coordinates:
168:
158:
152:
151:West Flanders
128:
119:
110:
100:
90:
82:
75:
70:
66:
62:
57:
51:
44:
35:
29:
25:
23:
3279:
3270:
3250:
3238:
3230:
3229:
3218:
3217:
3192:
3185:
3140:
3126:Oostrozebeke
3085:
3076:Lichtervelde
3063:
3059:Ingelmunster
3033:
3026:
3009:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2938:
2931:
2896:
2874:
2835:
2826:Knokke-Heist
2813:
2806:
2801:Blankenberge
2799:
2675:
2542:
2492:
2466:. Retrieved
2462:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2423:. Retrieved
2419:the original
2414:
2405:
2396:
2384:. Retrieved
2380:
2371:
2354:
2341:
2331:13 September
2329:. Retrieved
2325:the original
2320:
2311:
2299:. Retrieved
2289:
2277:. Retrieved
2268:
2256:
2244:
2232:
2220:
2211:
2203:
2198:
2186:. Retrieved
2172:
2160:. Retrieved
2146:
2129:
2110:
2098:. Retrieved
2094:
2084:
2065:
2056:
2046:13 September
2044:. Retrieved
2039:
2030:
2018:. Retrieved
2003:
1996:
1984:. Retrieved
1969:
1963:
1937:. Retrieved
1930:the original
1925:
1913:
1903:13 September
1901:. Retrieved
1896:
1872:. Retrieved
1869:lib.ugent.be
1868:
1859:
1845:
1800:(since 1967)
1763:(since 2012)
1685:Henk Lauwers
1667:Walter Fiers
1502:
1488:
1466:
1451:
1444:
1424:
1344:
1329:
1315:
1299:
1251:
1234:
1215:
1192:
1141:
1121:
1078:
1076:
1057:
1029:
1021:
1009:
1006:
1001:
995:
984:
962:awarded the
957:
940:Adolf Hitler
933:
926:
911:
909:
893:
843:
820:
791:
772:
755:In 1782 the
754:
719:
676:
661:
630:
623:
609:
598:
585:Ferraris map
545:
535:, Sint-Jan,
501:municipality
465:West Flemish
396:
395:
341:Postal codes
103:Coat of arms
65:municipality
28:
21:
3219:Ieper/Ypres
3022:Middelkerke
2445:Kw.knack.be
2040:Ethesis.net
1743:Twin cities
1636: [
1595: [
1582: [
1569:Jules Malou
1541:Georg Robin
1535:Renaissance
1412:Freddy Loix
1408:Craig Breen
1396:Jimmy McRae
1392:Colin McRae
1384:Bruno Thiry
1326:John McCrae
1226:Lord Plumer
1110:Town centre
1072:John McCrae
1060:reparations
1046:Ypres today
922:Ploegsteert
881:Mustard gas
873:tirailleurs
777:Age of the
766:during the
720:During the
677:During the
662:The famous
612:Middle Ages
610:During the
546:During the
537:Vlamertinge
192: /
3299:Categories
3282:indicates
3273:indicates
3213:Heuvelland
3187:Nieuwpoort
3171:Alveringem
2898:Lo-Reninge
2848:Zuienkerke
2709:Heuvelland
2640:Lo-Reninge
2481:References
2411:"Welcome!"
2162:7 November
1970:IBN JALDUN
1939:17 January
1853:. Statbel.
1816:Saint-Omer
1798:Westphalia
1757:Kazakhstan
1633:Paul Sobry
1369:Cat Parade
1361:Cat Parade
1312:War graves
1266:Passendale
1188:Menin Gate
1178:Menin Gate
1124:Cloth Hall
1036:Menin Gate
1017:Menin Gate
985:Historian
918:Wytschaete
866:Senegalese
858:poison gas
827:neutrality
785:geologist
691:Thérouanne
672:Cat Parade
664:Cloth Hall
655:, and the
529:Elverdinge
365:Area codes
319:Population
292:Open Ieper
281:Open Ieper
271:Government
180:02°53′06″E
177:50°51′03″N
3258:Zonnebeke
3240:Poperinge
3148:Wielsbeke
3136:Ruiselede
3121:Meulebeke
3116:Dentergem
3087:Roeselare
3081:Moorslede
3046:Roeselare
3035:Oudenburg
2951:Lendelede
2933:Harelbeke
2892:Kortemark
2887:Koekelare
2882:Houthulst
2876:Diksmuide
2867:Diksmuide
2687:Zonnebeke
2665:Poperinge
2468:5 October
2386:5 October
2279:21 August
2020:5 October
1986:5 October
1874:27 August
1609:Zeebrugge
1551:Jansenism
1523:with the
1475:Transport
1426:Ieperfest
1400:Marc Duez
1242:Last Post
1162:, and of
1160:Jansenism
1152:Jansenius
1083:Hiroshima
1032:Last Post
799:Habsburgs
669:triennial
541:Zillebeke
533:Hollebeke
224:Community
3310:Ypresian
3246:Vleteren
3181:Koksijde
3176:De Panne
3054:Hooglede
3017:Ichtegem
2982:Zwevegem
2977:Wevelgem
2940:Kortrijk
2927:Deerlijk
2909:Kortrijk
2843:Zedelgem
2831:Oostkamp
2775:Flanders
2767:Province
2635:Vleteren
2548:Archived
2381:Cwgc.org
2361:Archived
2182:Archived
2156:Archived
2141:, p. 221
2118:Archived
2100:12 April
2064:(2011).
1949:cite web
1611:harbour.
1553:movement
1537:composer
1498:Kortrijk
1447:Ieperlee
1434:MicroCon
1262:Canberra
1203:Tyne Cot
1133:carillon
1091:employed
1079:Westhoek
877:chlorine
870:Algerian
850:tear gas
775:Ypresian
757:Habsburg
645:Novgorod
605:Ieperlee
566:forces.
558:between
525:Boezinge
505:province
353:NIS code
248:Province
3153:Wingene
3111:Ardooie
3071:Ledegem
3005:De Haan
3000:Bredene
2971:Waregem
2922:Avelgem
2917:Anzegem
2837:Torhout
2821:Jabbeke
2795:Beernem
2779:Belgium
2765:in the
2425:18 July
2091:"Ypres"
1828:Ghana:
1790:Germany
1519:in his
1492:run by
1469:Picanol
1441:Economy
1237:Entente
1146:-style
942:(later
852:at the
844:In the
825:). The
783:Belgian
635:(after
616:Flemish
575:Origins
570:History
503:in the
494:Belgian
492:) is a
435:French:
374:Website
300:Vooruit
217:Belgium
205:Country
3280:Italic
3275:cities
3252:Wervik
3194:Veurne
3163:Veurne
3131:Pittem
3093:Staden
3065:Izegem
3011:Gistel
2992:Ostend
2946:Kuurne
2787:Bruges
2503:
2301:24 May
2188:30 May
2137:
2072:
2011:
1977:
1812:France
1809:
1794:Siegen
1787:
1772:
1754:
1352:Events
1144:Gothic
1129:belfry
1105:Sights
968:Verdun
779:Eocene
724:, the
715:Vauban
713:, and
641:Bruges
601:Romans
564:Allied
560:German
473:German
381:.ieper
327:35,039
236:Region
214:
46:
24:(film)
3305:Ypres
3232:Mesen
3205:Ypres
3142:Tielt
3103:Tielt
2957:Menen
2815:Damme
2676:Ypres
2581:Dutch
2347:Menen
1933:(PDF)
1922:(PDF)
1837:Notes
1761:Semey
1731:Epica
1640:]
1599:]
1586:]
900:ANZAC
637:Ghent
620:linen
520:Ypres
514:Ieper
477:Ypern
448:Ieper
444:Dutch
397:Ypres
358:33011
265:Ypres
140:Ypres
50:Dutch
43:Ieper
38:Ypres
22:Ypres
3271:Bold
2501:ISBN
2470:2014
2427:2016
2388:2014
2333:2013
2303:2022
2281:2022
2190:2012
2164:2018
2135:ISBN
2102:2014
2070:ISBN
2048:2013
2022:2014
2009:ISBN
1988:2014
1975:ISBN
1955:link
1941:2022
1905:2013
1876:2020
1650:Fane
1494:NMBS
1410:and
1367:The
1320:and
1209:and
1193:The
1186:The
1142:The
1089:was
1068:poem
868:and
795:moat
639:and
562:and
499:and
497:city
469:Yper
430:-prə
306:Area
296:N-VA
93:Flag
63:and
61:City
2769:of
2718:WHT
1294:--
1260:in
1070:by
507:of
383:.be
379:www
369:057
3301::
2777:,
2773:,
2499:.
2495:.
2461:.
2443:.
2413:.
2379:.
2319:.
2180:.
2154:.
2093:.
2038:.
1951:}}
1947:{{
1924:.
1895:.
1884:^
1867:.
1830:Wa
1814::
1796:,
1792::
1759::
1638:nl
1597:nl
1584:nl
1500:.
1406:,
1402:,
1398:,
1394:,
1390:,
1386:,
1382:,
1334:.
1328:,
1298:,
1232:.
1154:,
1074:.
1042:.
982:.
950:.
879:.
805:.
789:.
770:.
740:.
685:,
659:.
628:.
531:,
475::
471:;
467::
463:;
446::
442:;
433:,
428:EE
409:iː
298:,
294:,
2755:e
2748:t
2741:v
2720:)
2716:(
2616:e
2609:t
2602:v
2509:.
2472:.
2429:.
2390:.
2349:.
2335:.
2305:.
2283:.
2192:.
2166:.
2104:.
2078:.
2050:.
2024:.
1990:.
1957:)
1943:.
1907:.
1878:.
1527:.
1240:"
751:)
421:/
418:ə
415:r
412:p
406:ˈ
403:/
399:(
283:)
52:)
48:(
26:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
