953:, by Shalom 'Uzayri (Tel Aviv 1974): "…Further along, the synagogue of the Saleh family, under the proprietorship of the elder, Avraham Sadoq and sons, a blessed family of Rabbis. This synagogue is situate in the centre of town, is large and is within close proximity to all the town's inhabitants from every side. This has become like some large spiritual centre, where daily are gathered unto it in the morning hours, after the meal, the great men who are Rabbis, being free from their labours and remaining until noon time, carrying on between themselves a discourse in the matters of the Law, from that which comes unto them by anyone who happens to have a question concerning business affairs, or the things touching upon one's neighbour, whether in writing or verbally; prohibited matters, as well as those things permitted, and all matters touching the community at large, as well as individuals. This is the threshing floor of the Divine Law, a wide threshing floor, the clusters of the Law enlighten the eyes! This is the largest seat of learning. From the first day of the week until the fifth day of the week, the doors of academy are opened unto all who seek or ask , and of course, all this is without the stipulation of receiving recompense – everything is for the sake of heaven!"
643:
their heads to the soles of their feet, and their faces veiled. The Imām, being a defender of the Jews, requested from Mori Yiḥya Yitzḥak to do what he could about the matter, in order to bring to silence those who railed on the Jewish custom. Mori Yiḥya Yitzḥak called for a consultation about the matter, and laid out before them the complaint of the
Muslims, and the request that had come to him from the king, Yahyā. During the consultation, it was agreed upon to make an edict that Jewish women would henceforth go out into the public domain while their faces veiled out of modesty. Formerly, Jewish women went with many coverings upon their heads; scarves covered by other scarves. By the time of the mass emigration from Yemen, most Jewish women did not go in the footsteps of their mothers, and would only wear two coverings upon their heads, but whenever they went out in public places (e.g. the marketplace) they would wear three coverings upon their heads. The first of these coverings was a white cloth worn over their hair, covered by two upper scarves.
432:(This thing has come from the Lord). The lot had fallen to Rabbi Yihya, son of Moshe Yitzhak Halevi. When he perceived what had happened, and that he was elected to head the post of President, he concealed his face within his mantle, refusing to show himself. He later objected adamantly before the assembly who had gathered there, eventually fleeing from their presence. The men who had gathered at that place quickly followed after him until they reached his house. Yet, their pleas and platitudes were of no avail. He would not return with them to take up the office of President of the Court. Neither would the assembly cast lots again, a fourth time, so there remained in the Court at Sana'a only one, a certain Rabbi Ibrahim, the son of R. Sāleh, to adjudicate as judge, seeing that he was singularly qualified to pass judgment by himself. Yet, in matters which required three judges, he was joined by Rabbi Shalom b. Yiḥya Hibshush, the author of
798:, and not being willing to see his community broken-up by vying factions over ideology, especially with regard to practices heretofore observed by many of Yemen's elders. He was faced with daunting challenges, and was tasked with rebuilding a community that was devastated after the famine of 1905, a community which once numbered seven-thousand souls, and which had dwindled to a mere several hundred. His resolve and determination, and his nurturing of good ties with the ruling monarch, helped solidify his command and hegemony over the Jewish people throughout Yemen, and had been given the power to punish offenders by imprisonment. He was zealous over the preservation of Yemenite Jewish culture, and especially, the perpetuation of their peculiar manner of pronunciation of Hebrew, over the more popular Sephardic pronunciation of Hebrew, and worked diligently to save
630:
778:; being usufruct State land of which the State revenues are assured to pious foundations, in this case, for the upkeep of Muslim places of worship. The Rabbi suggested to the king that the Jews be permitted to purchase the land whereon they had resided, rather than pay tenancy fees for such land. The king acquiesced. In the winter of 1918, the Imam Yahya ordered that those Jewish residents who were able to provide legal documents proving that they had purchased their property would be made exempt from re-purchasing such property, while all other Jewish residents were to pay for their land, half of which payment would be given to the
544:
562:
713:) called out for the continuation of established Jewish customs and norms heretofore practised in Yemen, and that no party to the dispute is allowed to coerce others into changing his course of behavior or tradition. The judge's ruling was appended with a verdict from the king himself and affixed with the king's seal, in which he ruled: "What should be studied in their synagogues and seats of learning is that which Yiḥya Yitzḥak studies of that which is without innovation. (
1008:, Tel Aviv 1987, p. 17 (Hebrew). In Yemen, only those persons who were distinguished in their learning, and had obtained a reputation for the same, obtained the good will of the people to officiate over them as judges. When a dispute came before them (i.e. the judges who sat in forum), they would determine a time and place to convene for settling the dispute in Court, and their determination would be binding, having the full-backing and support of the king (
721:
36:
263:
1238:"Das nachfolgende Verzeichnis der Judengemeinden in Jemen wurde uns vom Chacham Bâschi, dem Oberhaupt der gesamten jemenitischen Juden, in Sana aufgegeben. Er las uns die Namen der Orte aus seinen Steuerlisten vor, die in vorzüglicher Ordnung waren, da er gegenüber dem Imâm für die richtige Ablieferung der Steuern der Juden Sana wie im ganzen Lande verantwortlich ist").
782:(Islamic trust), and half of which to the Imam. Assessors were sent to the Jewish Quarter, and it was decided that the Jews would pay 8000 Riyals (crowns) for acquisition of the land. In the end, only 7500 Riyals (crowns) were paid, while the Imam forgave the remaining 500 Riyals (crowns) for the sake of the poor. A bill of sale was drawn up to that effect.
362:. In 1680, a certain man of this family, Rabbi Yeḥiya Halevi, was appointed governor over the affairs of the Jewish people. He begat a son, calling him by his own name, Yeḥiya, who in turn begat a son by the name of Shalom, who was the father of Abraham Al-Sheikh. He and his son, Shalom, became the first of their family to bear the name of
577:' visit with the chief rabbi (either in 1927 or 1931), he copied down the names of the towns and villages settled by Jews in Yemen from a list made available to him by the rabbi and taken from the tax rolls, for which he was accountable to the king. The total number of Jewish communities in Yemen he puts at 371. The
417:(Ps. 16). The entire congregation recited aloud along with him in perfect unison the entire Psalm, while standing upon their feet. Expectations were high and could be seen on the faces of all those gathered in that place. When the Psalm's recital had come to an end, a great silence fell over the congregation.
668:
be diminished from the curriculum because of a concern that it inaccurately promotes pluralism/dualism in the godhead. This stance eventually caused a rift in the community, with the two leaders of the Jewish community and their protégés breaking off into dueling factions in 1912. Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥak
551:
When the Imam retook the city in 1911, he closed the three new synagogues, which remained closed for fifteen years. Notwithstanding, Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi found favor in the eyes of the king, the king conferring upon him the governance over the Jewish people, with more extended powers to collect
936:, Shelomo al-Naddaf, Jerusalem 1992, p. 11 (Hebrew). Rabbi Avraham al-Naddaf relates in his autobiography that these lessons started in the early hours of the morning and continued until noon, and again, at night, from a little past midnight, while occasionally, they'd commence their studies at dusk.
513:
When the
Ottoman Turks returned to capture the city in 1907, Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi remained in favor with the ruling power and concerned himself with public affairs during the day, and with making ritual slaughter on domesticated animals in the evening. The city prospered under the Turks. When
475:
would be returning to Sana'a, one of the first things Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥak did upon assuming the role of community leader was to appoint a new rabbinic court, whose former members had mostly perished in the famine of 1905. He appointed Amram Qaruḥ (Qoraḥ) and Hayim
Mishreqi. The Rabbi, following the
326:
in a rabbinic court (1925 – 1956) in Tel Aviv, and was an active member of the Chief
Rabbinate Council in Jerusalem for nearly forty years. Yiḥya, not willing to remain a widower, took in marriage a second wife, Rumiyyah, the daughter of Suleiman Hibshush, by whom he had other children. The Rabbi's
646:
The new edict, however, did not set well with a certain man of the community, who instructed his wife not to heed the new ruling of going out in public places with a veil, and under his prodding convinced other men to have their wives ignore the same ruling. Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi conducted an
569:
The Chief Rabbi's first test came in 1920, one week before
Passover, when he was called upon to intervene in the release of Jewish silversmiths who had conspired with the rebellious elder son of the king who had employed them in minting coins under his own name, in defiance of his father, and were
802:
from falling into the hands of the government and who would, otherwise, be forced to convert to Islam. He was seen by his protégés as the right man for the situation, considering the immense challenges facing the Jews of Yemen. Because of his tireless efforts on their behalf, they gave to him the
642:
When the Imam returned to Sana'a, some of the
Muslims had come to him complaining that Jewish wives customarily go forth in the public domain without an adequate covering over their heads, viz. their faces were uncovered, against that practice of married women of Islam who walk while covered from
500:
entered the city, he was greeted in full-force by the Jewish community who had purchased an ox from the monies donated to the public coffer and given it to the Imam as a welcoming present, which was duly slaughtered and eaten by his entourage. This act assured that the Jews would be protected by
480:
of livestock throughout the provinces (since Jews were not permitted to eat of the slaughter made by non-Jews, and could only make-use of what was slaughtered by one who was adequately trained in such laws and who possessed a valid license), and to instruct those who were found negligent, and to
402:
determination, in order to select a replacement. After much deliberation as to how to proceed, it was decided that lots would be cast, the names of the candidates written upon pieces of paper and pooled together, from which only one name would be drawn. The eldest of their Rabbis, the honorable
659:
over reforms that Rabbi Qafiḥ and his son, David, introduced into the curriculum in the new Jewish school built in 1909. Rabbi Yiḥya al-Qafiḥ, the headmaster, had pressed that Jewish students be taught arithmetic and the rudiments of the Arabic and
Turkish languages and writing, and that the
613:
Yehiya b. Salam Abyadh, who eventually succeeded Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥak as chief jurist in 1932, following the death of the Chief Rabbi. In 1911, he and his fellow jurists answered some twenty-six questions posed to the court in Sana'a by the chief rabbi of
Ottoman Palestine, Rabbi
317:
Around the age of seventeen he married his first wife, Saadah Khamri, who died after she had given birth to five children (two sons and three daughters), two of whom died in their youth. One of his two sons, Shalom Yitzḥak (Ishaq) Halevi (b. 1891), immigrated to the
1234:, the head of the entire Yemenite Jews. He read to us the names of the places from its tax rolls, which were in excellent order, because he is accountable to the Imam for the proper delivery of the taxes of the Jews of Sana, as throughout the country." (
342:
of livestock such as prescribed in Jewish law and when later tasked with the public affairs and oversight of the community, he would ordain qualified ritual slaughterers of domesticated animals throughout the country, and periodically inspected them.
485:; as also conduct controversies arising over bills of divorce and betrothals. Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥak also bought a new house in the center of the Jewish Quarter so as to be nearer to his protégés. He would also attend the lessons conducted by Rabbi
274:, the eldest of ten children born unto Musa Yitzḥak, a tanner of hides by profession, and a descendant of one of the city's more illustrious Jewish families. Yiḥya Yitzḥak received his early education from his maternal grandfather, the Rabbi and
427:
Yihya
Yitzhak Halevi." Some began to murmur that perhaps there had been a mistake. The lot was repeated twice, and, again, a third time, with the results showing the same thing. A murmur could then be heard and felt by the people, some saying:
540:(the Sage dignitary). Under the Imam, Jews were initially prohibited from building or establishing new synagogues, but during Ottoman rule three new synagogues were opened in Sana'a, one of which in the house of Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi.
357:
Although the family had lived in Yemen before the advent of Islam, the descendants of the illustrious Sasson Halevi of Iraq, the Bayt Yitzḥak Halevi family first rose to prominence during the return of the Jewish exiles from
647:
inquest into who they were that wantonly annulled the edict, and when it was learnt that they had done so by order of their husbands, he commanded to have them arrested as punishment for their annulment of the decree.
446:
When the siege was lifted in early 1906, Sana'a was decimated of more than half its population because of the famine within the city. Among the dead was the great Rabbi and scholar Shalom b. Yihya
Hibshush, author of
522:, he financed the building of a Jewish school and had once paid a visit to the school to make a test of their accomplishments. During this time, Yitzhak Halevi exchanged letters of communication with the
436:, and by Rabbi Hayim Hacohen. It was not until after the death of Rabbi b. Yihya Hibshush in the famine of 1905 that Rabbi Yihya Yitzhak Halevi decided to assume the role of leader of Yemen's community.
1279:
Journey to Yemen: On Mission by the Palestine Office of the Zionist Organisation in the years 1911-1912 (מסע לתימן : בשליחות המשרד הארץ ישראלי של ההסתדרות הציונית בשנות תרע"א-תרע"ב 1911-1912)
774:
was land provided by the king, but as of 1872, the Jews were required to pay a monthly tenancy fee for the land although they claimed ownership of the land, and which money accrued to the Muslim
290:, with other boys his own age, in the house of his grandfather, the said Rabbi Mansura, until his grandfather's death in 1883. Afterwards, he studied under the prominent scholars in the famous
409:
Hayim b. Yosef Qorah, a man then aged eighty, was he that was to draw the lot. The names were placed within the ark bearing the scrolls of the Law (Torah) and the doors were then shut.
451:. In the spring of 1906, Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi was confirmed by the ruling monarch as one of four representatives of the Jewish community in Sana'a, along with Harun al-Cohen,
655:
Although the two leading Rabbis often prayed and studied together, Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi would eventually become the chief disputant in a case involving himself and Rabbi
570:
all arrested. Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi appealed to the king on their behalf, who permitted them to be released in time to observe the upcoming holiday with their families.
421:
Hayim Qorah put forth his hand into the ark and, with a trembling hand, he withdrew one slip of paper. He then called out to those there gathered, saying: "God's elect is
443:), and he was arrested and put in prison, while his feet were shackled in fetters of iron. He was released owing to his unrelenting protests and his patient endurance.
384:
In 1902, at the young age of thirty-five, he was — on the basis of his scholarship and his counseling ability — one of the candidates for replacing the lately deceased
280:
Shalom Mansura, and was already knowledgeable in the laws of ritual slaughtering at the early age of eleven. In 1880, at the age of thirteen, he began to study the
558:) from the local Jewish administrators throughout the provinces, and to make use of the king's soldiers, if need be, to arrest offenders of orthodox Jewish law.
439:
Only one year after Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥak's election, in 1903, the Rabbi and his fellow judges were accused of usurping authority over the Muslim judge (Ar.
246:, which post he held for nearly thirty years, a time interrupted only during the siege laid to the city (Dec. 1904—Jan. 1906) by loyal Yemeni forces under
1230:, vol. 40), Hamburg 1934, pp. 133 – 136. There, Rathjens writes on p. 133: "The following list of Jewish communities in Yemen was left to us in Sana from
1307:), Tel Aviv 1987, p. 101 (Hebrew); according to an article published by Mark S. Wagner, this actually happened in 1914 CE, during a Muslim court ruling (
862:
794:. He is remembered for being adamant in his efforts to preserve the community's unity, in the midst of rising contentions and disputes over the
476:
practice of the early courts of Jewish law, also appointed Rabbi Yiḥya Naḥum of al-Shaghadra (born 1875) to be his agent and inspector of the
699:
1332). It was the rule for litigants, if a case proved intractable before the Jewish court (bet din), to defer it to a Muslim court of law (
386:
346:
He was the scion of a prominent rabbinic family, the Sasson Halevi family, who came to Yemen from Iraq prior to the time of Muhammad.
633:
Chief Rabbi (L) in 1911, sitting with Zionist emissary, Shemuel Yavne'eli (C), and the Rabbi's father-in-law, Suleiman Hibshush (R)
250:(1904—1948) in their bid to oust the Ottoman Turks who then controlled the city. The Rabbi, meanwhile, had fled with his family to
298:. The synagogue served at that time as the city's chief seat of learning. In the evenings, he would continue his studies in the
703:) or, in the case of villagers, to the local tribal authority, where it was decided according to the logic of customary law (
742:, seeing that after the deaths of Rabbis Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi (d. 1932) and Yiḥya Qafiḥ (d. 1931), the controversy over the
809:
Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi was succeeded by Rabbi Yiḥya al-Abyadh (the king's minter of coins) as Chief Rabbi of Yemen.
629:
322:
in 1923 and became the Chief Rabbi of the Yemenite Jewish community in Tel Aviv-Yafo (1925 – 1961), serving also as the
1506:
327:
youngest son, Hayyim Yitzḥak Halevi (born 1920), eventually immigrated to the Land of Israel in the airlift known as "
1496:
534:. It was during the Turkish occupation of Sana'a that Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi was conferred the honorary title of
455:
and Yiḥya al-Abyadh. The document outlined the obligations of the Jewish community toward the Muslim State and the
591:) for a poor man, two of the same coins in specie for the middle classes, and four or more thalers for the rich.
758:) settled a long-standing dispute between the Jewish community and the application of laws defined by the local
1501:
394:, Rabbi Shelomo (Suleiman) Ṣaleh. The heads of the community in Sana'a came together at the synagogue known as
328:
770:
property. Accordingly, the land upon which the new Jewish Quarter was built following their return from
755:
497:
472:
247:
1360:
The legal status of Jews in South Yemen - Jewish socio-political and day to day life under tribal rule
803:
time-honored title, borrowed from a biblical verse, "The angel who has delivered me from all evil."
720:
35:
707:). The Muslim judge who ruled over this case was Muhammad b. Abbas al-Ḥūthī, whose verdict (Ar.
1406:
1491:
583:(poll-tax) collected annually from every Jewish adult male by the Chief Rabbi amounted to one
262:
1486:
1481:
822:, pub. in Journal: Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 46, Issue 2, March 2010, pp. 235–250 (
791:
680:
656:
584:
413:
Hayim Qorah then proceeded to recite one of the Psalms, wherein are to be found the words,
291:
8:
1151:
505:
prepared a welcoming address in Arabic, which he read before the king and his entourage.
319:
1155:
823:
799:
615:
370:
302:
school belonging to the great teacher, Rabbi Ḥayim Qoraḥ (d. 1914), where they studied
130:
1401:, Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 46, No. 2, Routledge: London, March 2010, pp. 237–238.
1402:
1282:
1260:
1167:
1163:
1038:
838:
661:
650:
338:
As most scholars of his generation, Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi was trained in the laws of
1511:
790:
Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi died six months after the death of his disputant, Rabbi
687:". When they were unable to resolve their dispute, the matter was referred to the
543:
422:
404:
223:
23:
1248:
1160:
The Yemenites – History, Communal Organization, Spiritual Life (Selected Studies)
214:
1259:, Princeton: Princeton University (Institute of Semitic Studies), p. 110,
988:
527:
310:
1447:, vol. 1, Benei Barak 2011, pp. א–ד and קמד (Hebrew); Shalom Yitzhak Halevi,
1373:
Jewish Mysticism on Trial in a Muslim Court: A Fatwa on the Zohar – Yemen 1914
1313:
Jewish Mysticism on Trial in a Muslim Court: A Fatwā on the Zohar – Yemen 1914
1251:(1999), "The Maria Theresa Taler: Traces of an Austrian Empress in Yemen", in
561:
1475:
1286:
1264:
1252:
1189:
574:
251:
1171:
536:
481:
confirm those who were adept in their ritual slaughter and in removing the
1257:
Judaeo-Yemenite Studies - Proceedings of the Second International Congress
842:
771:
729:
602:
531:
523:
502:
486:
452:
359:
323:
239:
173:
827:
1281:(in Hebrew). Tel Aviv: The Workers' Party of Israel. pp. 187–199.
696:
304:
1328:, a word which is an Arabic broken plural made-up of the Hebrew words
1213:: Middle East Studies, vol. 46, No. 2, March 2010, pp. 238 - 239; 242.
692:
623:
595:
391:
295:
276:
271:
243:
1311:) involving the reading of the book of the Zohar (see: Wagner 2007,
1025:(2nd edition), Jerusalem 1987, p. 62 (Hebrew); Shelomo Dov Goitein,
1045:(Yom-Tov Tzemach's Journey to Yemen), Tel Aviv 1945, p.285 (Hebrew)
795:
766:
738:
671:
477:
398:, which served at that time as the general seat of learning and of
339:
332:
651:
Dispute over secular education in Jewish schools and over Kabbalah
90:
598:, Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi was later joined by fellow judges,
547:"Talmud Torah", Jewish boys studying together in Sana'a, in 1929
366:, or "elder," owing to the king's great regard for this family.
1332:, and which means "Generation of Reason." See: Shalom 'Uzayri,
754:
At Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi's suggestion, the king of Yemen (
579:
554:
552:
the annual Poll-Tax of the Protected persons of the State (Ar.
286:
281:
1375:, Die Welt des Islams 47:2 (Brill: Leiden, July 2007): 207-231
1027:
The Yemenites (History, Communal Organization, Spiritual Life)
709:
665:
519:
515:
456:
235:
231:
230:
from the house of Yitzḥak Halevi) (1867 – 1932), was a
1399:
Rabbi Yihye Yitzhak Halevi and his Relations with Imam Yahya
1009:
863:תעודות חדשות למעמדו של הרב יחיא יצחק הלוי כמנהיג יהדות תימן
760:
724:
Mori Yitzḥak, Chief Rabbi of Yemen, during his latter years
493:
on Saturday nights, and prayed there on Saturday mornings.
482:
369:
Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi and his family belonged to the
820:
Rabbi Yitzhak Halevi and his Relations with the Imam Yahya
501:
their Muslim patrons under the Imam. For the event, Rabbi
732:
was, thereafter, closed. Ultimately, the Muslim verdict (
463:) assessed against every male 13 years of age and older.
1211:
Rabbi Yihye Yitzhak Halevi and his Relations Imam Yahya
1466:, Yehiel Hibshush, Tel Aviv, 1987, pp. 10–11 (Hebrew)
1029:, Ben-Zvi Institute: Jerusalem 1983, p. 189 (Hebrew).
1188:by Shalom Gamliel, Jerusalem 1982, p. 80 (Hebrew);
851:- vol. 28 (ed. Paltiel Giat), Netanya 2012 (Hebrew)
1388:(2nd edition), Jerusalem 1988, pp. 70-71 (Hebrew).
1349:, Tel Aviv 1945 (Hebrew & Arabic), pp. 223-226
945:A description of the Saleh Synagogue in Sana'a in
885:(2nd edition), Jerusalem 1987, pp. 62-68 (Hebrew)
238:who served as one of the last great scholars and
1473:
1146:
1144:
979:(vol. 4), Benei Barak 2013, pp. 203–228 (Hebrew)
626:during this period bear these men's signatures.
1459:
1457:
1092:
1090:
749:
508:
1071:, vol. 1-2, pp. 19-20, Jerusalem 1986 (Hebrew)
108:Shalom Yitzḥak Halevi, chief rabbi in Tel Aviv
1276:
1228:Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiet der Auslandskunde
1198:Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiet der Auslandskunde
1141:
995:(Travels in Yemen), Jerusalem 1983, p. 353. .
669:Halevi coined the other faction by the name
16:Chief-Rabbi of Yemen in early 20th-century CE
1454:
1421:(vol. 3), Benei Barak 2011, pp. 8–9 (Hebrew)
1087:
514:the Turkish military commander, Ahmad Fawzi
637:
390:and chief jurist of the rabbinic court at
34:
1200:, vol. 40), Hamburg 1934, p. 133 (German)
858:(vol. 1-2), Tel Aviv 1987 / 1989 (Hebrew)
736:) failed to resolve the dispute over the
1247:
1222:Carl Rathjens and Hermann von Wissmann,
1123:Yalqut Teman (Lexicon of Yemenite Jewry)
1099:, Shalom ‘Uzayri, Tel Aviv, 1974, p. 12
966:, Tel Aviv 1987, pp. 13; 15; 18 (Hebrew)
837:(4 volumes), Benei Baraq 2011 (Hebrew) (
719:
628:
560:
542:
266:Rabbi Yiḥya Yitzḥak during younger years
261:
1150:
660:neo-kabbalistic books which espouse to
1474:
1451:, Jerusalem 1993, pp. 165–167 (Hebrew)
949:1914 CE, is brought down in the book,
683:, while he and his party were called "
379:
213:, son of Moshe (Musa) Yitzḥak Halevi (
518:was replaced in 1909 by Muhammad Ali
466:
1336:, Tel Aviv 1974, pp. 15; 19 (Hebrew)
1056:Arabia Infelix or the Turks in Yamen
728:The new school established by Rabbi
331:," and served as the Chief Rabbi of
1362:, Ben-Zvi Institute: Jerusalem 2014
1138:, Tel Aviv 1974 (Hebrew), pp. 11–12
1112:, Tel Aviv 1974, pp. 13-14 (Hebrew)
785:
314:and their respective commentaries.
218:
13:
1069:The Jews and the King in the Yemen
812:
618:. Many of the court documents and
14:
1523:
1084:, Jerusalem 1988, p. 73 (Hebrew).
352:
270:Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi was born in
1125:, Tel Aviv 2000, p. 115 (Hebrew)
471:Spurred on by the news that the
1437:
1434:, Tel Aviv 1987, p. 11 (Hebrew)
1424:
1411:
1391:
1378:
1365:
1352:
1339:
1318:
1293:
1270:
1241:
1216:
1203:
1178:
1128:
1115:
1102:
1074:
1061:
1048:
1032:
1015:
998:
924:, Tel Aviv 1987, p. 15 (Hebrew)
911:, Tel Aviv 1987, p. 13 (Hebrew)
898:, Tel Aviv 1974 (Hebrew), p. 11
609:Avraham al-Kohen, and often by
982:
969:
956:
939:
927:
914:
901:
888:
875:
675:, which group was led by anti-
565:Jewish "Cheder" in Sana'a 1929
284:and the legal writings of the
1:
1358:Renate S. Meissner, article:
1186:The Jizya – Poll Tax in Yemen
1184:Mishael Maswari-Caspi (ed.),
975:Aviran Yitzhak Halevi (ed.),
869:
335:between the years 1972–2005.
257:
1192:& Hermann von Wissmann,
1121:Yosef Tobi and Shalom Seri,
750:Resolution of land ownership
509:City recaptured by the Turks
430:Me’eth A-donai hoyǝtha zoth
320:British Mandate of Palestine
7:
1277:Yavne'eli, Shemuel (1952).
10:
1528:
1224:Landeskundliche Ergebnisse
1194:Landeskundliche Ergebnisse
148:Ritual slaughterer, tanner
1507:Jews and Judaism in Yemen
415:"Thou maintainest my lot"
242:of the rabbinic court at
204:
196:
188:
180:
169:
165:
157:
152:
144:
136:
126:
112:
104:
96:
86:
74:
60:
55:
50:
42:
33:
21:
1497:Yemenite Orthodox rabbis
1162:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem:
376:congregations of Yemen.
184:Rabbinic court at Sana'a
1443:Aviran Yitzhak Halevi,
1417:Aviran Yitzhak Halevi,
833:Aviran Yitzhak Halevi,
638:Veiling of Jewish women
603:Yiḥya b. Suleiman Qafiḥ
498:Imām Yaḥyā Ḥamīd ad-Dīn
248:Imām Yaḥyā Ḥamīd ad-Dīn
221:also commonly known as
1449:Divrei Shalom Ḥakhamīm
725:
634:
566:
548:
329:Operation Magic Carpet
267:
1502:Jewish Yemeni history
1255:; Yosef Tobi (eds.),
1041:& Aharon Tzadok,
723:
632:
564:
546:
265:
119:Moshe (Musa) (father)
1058:, London 1915, p. 80
585:Maria Theresa thaler
449:Shoshannat Ha-Melekh
434:Shoshannat Ha-Melekh
211:Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi
46:Chief Rabbi of Yemen
28:Yiḥya Yitzḥak Halevi
1305:The Two Luminaries
689:Third Shari'a Court
594:As chief jurist in
532:Chaim Nahum Effendi
380:Election and arrest
1464:Shənei Ha-me'oroth
1432:Shənei Ha-me'oroth
1345:Israel Yishayahu,
1324:Called in Arabic,
1156:Menahem Ben-Sasson
964:Shənei Ha-Me'oroth
922:Shənei Ha-Me'oroth
909:Shənei Ha-Me'oroth
726:
635:
616:Abraham Isaac Kook
567:
549:
467:Return of the Imam
268:
236:rabbinical scholar
1430:Yehiel Hibshush,
1301:Shənei Ha-me'orot
1299:Yehiel Hibshush,
1164:Ben-Zvi Institute
1039:Yisrael Yeshayahu
1006:Shənei Ha-me'orot
1004:Yehiel Hibshush,
962:Yehiel Hibshush,
934:Zekhor Le'Avraham
920:Yehiel Hibshush,
907:Yehiel Hibshush,
854:Yehiel Hibshush,
806:
662:Lurianic Kabbalah
622:originating from
208:
207:
1519:
1467:
1461:
1452:
1441:
1435:
1428:
1422:
1415:
1409:
1397:Aharon Gaimani,
1395:
1389:
1382:
1376:
1371:Mark S. Wagner,
1369:
1363:
1356:
1350:
1343:
1337:
1322:
1316:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1245:
1239:
1236:Original German:
1220:
1214:
1209:Aharon Gaimani,
1207:
1201:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1148:
1139:
1134:Shalom 'Uzayri,
1132:
1126:
1119:
1113:
1108:Shalom 'Uzayri,
1106:
1100:
1094:
1085:
1078:
1072:
1067:Shalom Gamliel,
1065:
1059:
1052:
1046:
1036:
1030:
1019:
1013:
1002:
996:
993:Masa'ot Hibshush
986:
980:
973:
967:
960:
954:
943:
937:
931:
925:
918:
912:
905:
899:
894:Shalom 'Uzayri,
892:
886:
879:
861:Aharon Gaimani,
856:Shenei Hame'orot
818:Aharon Gaimani,
804:
786:Death and legacy
478:ritual slaughter
349:
340:ritual slaughter
220:
62:
38:
19:
18:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1462:
1455:
1442:
1438:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1412:
1396:
1392:
1383:
1379:
1370:
1366:
1357:
1353:
1344:
1340:
1323:
1319:
1315:, pp. 211-212).
1298:
1294:
1275:
1271:
1246:
1242:
1221:
1217:
1208:
1204:
1183:
1179:
1166:. p. 304.
1149:
1142:
1133:
1129:
1120:
1116:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1088:
1079:
1075:
1066:
1062:
1054:G. Wyman Bury,
1053:
1049:
1037:
1033:
1020:
1016:
1003:
999:
987:
983:
974:
970:
961:
957:
944:
940:
932:
928:
919:
915:
906:
902:
893:
889:
880:
876:
872:
815:
813:Further reading
788:
752:
653:
640:
511:
469:
382:
355:
347:
260:
161:Rabbi and Judge
140:Rabbi and Judge
122:
82:
79:
70:
67:
65:
64:
29:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1525:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1469:
1468:
1453:
1436:
1423:
1410:
1390:
1377:
1364:
1351:
1338:
1317:
1292:
1269:
1240:
1215:
1202:
1177:
1140:
1127:
1114:
1101:
1086:
1073:
1060:
1047:
1031:
1014:
997:
989:Hayim Hibshush
981:
968:
955:
938:
926:
913:
900:
887:
873:
871:
868:
867:
866:
859:
852:
846:
831:
814:
811:
800:Jewish orphans
787:
784:
751:
748:
730:Yiḥya al-Qafiḥ
681:Yiḥya al-Qafiḥ
657:Yiḥya al-Qafiḥ
652:
649:
639:
636:
528:Ottoman Empire
510:
507:
487:Yiḥya al-Qafih
468:
465:
453:Yiḥya al-Qafiḥ
381:
378:
354:
353:Family origins
351:
311:Shulchan Arukh
259:
256:
219:יחיא יצחק הלוי
206:
205:
202:
201:
198:
194:
193:
190:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
171:
167:
166:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
150:
149:
146:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
121:
120:
116:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
72:
71:
68:
61:יחיא יצחק הלוי
59:
57:
53:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
31:
30:
27:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1524:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1492:Yemenite Jews
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1433:
1427:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1387:
1386:Sa‘arat Teman
1384:Amram Qorah,
1381:
1374:
1368:
1361:
1355:
1348:
1342:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:Ephraim Isaac
1250:
1244:
1237:
1233:
1232:Chochom Bashi
1229:
1225:
1219:
1212:
1206:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1190:Carl Rathjens
1187:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:Goitein, S.D.
1147:
1145:
1137:
1131:
1124:
1118:
1111:
1105:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1083:
1082:Sa'arat Teman
1080:Amram Qorah,
1077:
1070:
1064:
1057:
1051:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1028:
1024:
1023:Sa‘arat Teman
1021:Amram Qorah,
1018:
1011:
1007:
1001:
994:
990:
985:
978:
972:
965:
959:
952:
948:
942:
935:
930:
923:
917:
910:
904:
897:
891:
884:
883:Sa‘arat Teman
881:Amram Qorah,
878:
874:
864:
860:
857:
853:
850:
847:
844:
840:
836:
832:
829:
825:
821:
817:
816:
810:
807:
801:
797:
793:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
768:
763:
762:
757:
747:
745:
741:
740:
735:
731:
722:
718:
716:
715:ghayr muḥdath
712:
711:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
673:
667:
663:
658:
648:
644:
631:
627:
625:
621:
617:
612:
608:
604:
601:
597:
592:
590:
586:
582:
581:
576:
575:Carl Rathjens
571:
563:
559:
557:
556:
545:
541:
539:
538:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
506:
504:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
479:
474:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
444:
442:
437:
435:
431:
426:
425:
420:
416:
412:
408:
407:
401:
397:
393:
389:
388:
377:
375:
373:
367:
365:
361:
350:
344:
341:
336:
334:
330:
325:
321:
315:
313:
312:
307:
306:
301:
297:
294:synagogue in
293:
289:
288:
283:
279:
278:
273:
264:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
240:chief jurists
237:
233:
229:
228:Yiḥya Yitzḥak
227:
226:
216:
212:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
153:Jewish leader
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
132:
129:
125:
118:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
77:
73:
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
25:
20:
1463:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1431:
1426:
1418:
1413:
1398:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1372:
1367:
1359:
1354:
1347:Shavut Teman
1346:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1278:
1272:
1256:
1249:Meissner, R.
1243:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1210:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1180:
1159:
1135:
1130:
1122:
1117:
1109:
1104:
1096:
1081:
1076:
1068:
1063:
1055:
1050:
1043:Shavut Teman
1042:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1005:
1000:
992:
984:
976:
971:
963:
958:
950:
946:
941:
933:
929:
921:
916:
908:
903:
895:
890:
882:
877:
855:
848:
834:
819:
808:
805:(Gen. 48:16)
792:Yiḥyah Qafiḥ
789:
779:
775:
765:
759:
753:
743:
737:
733:
727:
714:
708:
704:
700:
688:
684:
676:
670:
654:
645:
641:
619:
610:
606:
599:
593:
588:
578:
572:
568:
555:al-dhimmiyūn
553:
550:
537:Ḥakham Bāshī
535:
512:
495:
491:Bayt-Midrash
490:
470:
460:
448:
445:
440:
438:
433:
429:
423:
418:
414:
410:
405:
399:
395:
385:
383:
371:
368:
363:
356:
345:
337:
316:
309:
303:
299:
285:
275:
269:
224:
222:
210:
209:
181:Organisation
127:Denomination
1487:1932 deaths
1482:1867 births
746:reemerged.
524:chief rabbi
503:Yihya Qafih
324:Av Beit-Din
176:(1902–1932)
174:Av Beit Din
131:Baladi-rite
97:Nationality
1476:Categories
1445:Ish Yemini
1419:Ish Yemini
1226:(pub. in:
1196:(pub. in:
977:Ish Yemini
870:References
865:, (Hebrew)
835:Ish Yemini
756:Imam Yahya
697:anno Hijri
396:Bayt Saleh
305:Ein Yaakov
258:Early life
158:Profession
145:Occupation
137:Profession
1407:0026-3206
1330:Dör Deʻoh
1287:233241891
1265:0894-9824
843:790284026
695:in 1914 (
677:kabbalist
496:When the
364:Al-Sheikh
300:midrashic
277:kabbalist
197:Residence
1334:Galei-Or
1326:Daradʻah
1172:41272020
1154:(1983).
1136:Galei-Or
1110:Galei-Or
1097:Galei-Or
951:Galei-Or
896:Galei-Or
828:20720660
796:kabbalah
767:mortmain
744:kabbalah
739:kabbalah
679:, Rabbi
672:darda'im
664:and the
620:responsa
530:, Rabbi
461:al-jizya
457:Poll Tax
400:halakhic
333:Herzliya
308:and the
292:Maharitz
170:Position
105:Children
87:Religion
51:Personal
1512:Levites
1158:(ed.).
685:iqeshim
605:and by
573:During
526:of the
489:in the
441:al-qāḍi
91:Judaism
63:
1405:
1285:
1263:
1170:
849:Tehuda
841:
826:
705:taghut
693:Sana'a
624:Sana'a
596:Sana'a
580:jizyah
392:Sana'a
372:Baladi
348:
296:Ṣan‘ā’
287:poskim
282:Talmud
272:Ṣan‘ā’
252:Dhamar
244:Ṣan‘ā’
232:Yemeni
215:Hebrew
200:Sana'a
192:Sana'a
189:Buried
113:Parent
100:Yemeni
81:Sana'a
69:Sana'a
1309:fatwā
947:circa
824:JSTOR
772:Mawza
764:, or
734:fatwā
710:fatwa
666:Zohar
589:riyal
520:Bashi
516:Bashi
459:(Ar.
374:-rite
360:Mawza
234:born
43:Title
1403:ISSN
1283:OCLC
1261:ISSN
1168:OCLC
1010:Imam
839:OCLC
780:Waqf
776:Waqf
761:Waqf
717:)."
701:qāḍi
611:Mori
607:Mori
600:Mori
483:suet
473:Imam
424:Mori
419:Mori
411:Mori
406:Mori
387:Nasi
225:Mori
78:1932
75:Died
66:1867
56:Born
24:Mori
691:of
1478::
1456:^
1143:^
1089:^
1012:).
991:,
254:.
217::
1303:(
1289:.
1174:.
845:)
830:)
587:(
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