136:. If the figure mentioned in the inscription corresponds to one from known sources, it may refer to Yazīd son of al-ʾAswad (the only figure from classical Arabic sources by the name of Yazīd associated with the Ghassanids), Yazīd son of Qays the Ḥujrid (mentioned by
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It was discovered by
Jordanian epigraphists during the first season of the El-Khḍerī archaeological and epigraphic survey project and published in 2017. It consists of only four words and a
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The Yazid inscription is one of the two
Islamic-era inscriptions that retain the practice of wawation, once widespread in pre-Islamic Arabic, alongside PERF 558 (22 AH / 643 CE).
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The identity of the figure named Yazīd in the inscription is open to interpretation, especially in light of the undated nature of the inscription. First, the term
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476:"The religious landscape of Northwest Arabia as reflected in the Nabataean, Nabataeo-Arabic, and pre-Islamic Arabic inscriptions"
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112:) in inscriptions from this period does not necessarily denote a king who ruled over a specified territory. For example, the
341:""May God be Mindful of Yazīd the King": Further Reflections on the Yazīd Inscription and the Development of Arabic Scripts"
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element, asking God be mindful of so-and-so, is likely an
Arabicization of an expression common in Nabataean graffiti,
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The following transliteration and translation comes from the 2017 edition of the Yazid inscription.
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451:"Review of Nicolai SINAI, Rain-Giver, Bone-Breaker, Score-Settler: Allāh in Pre-Quranic Poetry"
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The Yazid inscription shares a few linguistic peculiarities with the Abd Shams inscription.
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al-Shdaifat, Younis; Al-Jallad, Ahmad; al-Salameen, Zeyad; Harahsheh, Rafe (2017).
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424:"Arab Christian Confederations and Muhammad's Believers: On the Origins of Jihad"
343:. In Van den Brent, Josephine; Van den Eijnde, Floris; Weststeijn, Johan (eds.).
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rock carving from the region of as-Samrūnīyyāt, 12 km southeast of
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372:"An early Christian Arabic graffito mentioning 'Yazīd the king'"
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Alhatlani, Abdullah Saad; Al-Otibi, Ajab
Mohammad (2023).
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Interview on the Yazid inscription with Ahmad al-Jallad
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499:Van Putten, Marijn (2023).
347:. Brill. pp. 195–211.
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88:1. †May God be mindful of
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467:10.1515/jiqsa-2020-06s106
449:Lindstedt, Ilkka (2020).
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339:Al-Jallad, Ahmad (2021).
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114:Jebel Usays inscription
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474:Nehmé, Laila (2020).
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116:applies the title to
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480:Semitica et Classica
31:in the northeastern
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182:and DaJ144PAr. The
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180:Zabad inscription
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486:: 127–154.
170:Linguistics
143:Bibliotheca
134:Justinian I
84:Translation
29:Qasr Burqu'
550:Categories
505:Millennium
434:(9): 710.
299:Nehmé 2020
217:References
176:dkr ʾl-ʾlh
122:Ghassanids
73:dkr ʾl-ʾlh
428:Religions
222:Citations
130:Byzantine
22:Christian
200:See also
132:emperor
126:phylarch
95:the king
91:2. Yazīd
333:Sources
211:Yazid I
164:Yazid I
160:Umayyad
128:by the
52:Yazid I
48:Umayyad
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162:ruler
156:Abraha
154:ruler
148:Sabaic
50:ruler
33:Jordan
110:malik
71:1. †
357:ISBN
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58:Text
16:The
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