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intermediary. This might have been out of a desire to help his younger brother, but could also have been a maneuver to gain Ishme-Dagan more political standing. He indicates his desire to be the intermediary between his brother and father in letters with such phrases as, "Write me what you are intending to write to the king, so that, where possible, I can advise you myself." Another example of the complicated, strained relationship between the brothers is found in a letter by Yasmah-Adad to Ishme-Dagan: "Thus (speaks) Yasmah-Addu, Your son. I listened to the Tablet which Daddy sent me, which ran as follow: 'How much longer do we have to keep you on a leading rein? You are a child, you are not a man, you have no beard on your chin! How much longer are you going to fail running your household properly? Don't you realize that your brother is commanding enormous armies? so you (jolly well) command your palace and household properly!' That is what Daddy wrote to me. Now, how can I be a child and incapable of directing affairs when daddy promoted me? How is it that, although I grew up with Daddy from when I was tiny, now some servant or other has succeeded in ousting me from Daddy's affections? So I am coming to Daddy right now, to have it out with daddy about my unhappiness!" (ARM 1.108: Dalley 1984;34) Historical opinion of Yasmah-Adad revolves mainly around these letters, the most abundant primary sources about him. The criticism may reflect the stress that
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your house? Don't you see that your brother is leading vast armies? So, you too, take charge of your palace, your house!" Another letter from his father indicates
Shamshi-Adad I's irritation with his youngest son's behavior, comparing Yasmah-Adad to his older brother, a successful warrior: "While here your brother is victorious, down there you lie about among the women." Many of these critiques arose from Yasmah-Adad's failure to perform his political duties, regardless of what his father was doing. It was Yasmah-Adad's responsibility to fill certain positions in his district, such as a governor of
28:
309:, his brother requests Yashmah-Adad to share the medical expertise with his physician before returning him. "The medication which your physician applied to me in a dressing is extremely good. The wound has begun to disappear; and slowly, slowly, the medication is about to remove it. Now, I am sending to you with this letter the physician Samsi-Addu-tukuld; let him have a look at the medicine and then send him back immediately."
257:
felt as his newly formed empire began to crumble, considering, as Yasmah-Adad points out in this letter, that his father appointed Yasmah-Adad as a chief ruler of Mari, one of the largest urban centers, as well as one of the most disputed in his kingdom, when one of his generals could have filled the
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described the execution of the Yai’ilanum. "Mar-Addu and all the sons (of the tribe) of Ya’ilanum were killed, and all its servants and soldiers were killed, and not one enemy escaped. Rejoice!" Mar-Addu, as the leader of the Ya’ilanum tribe, was decapitated and his head was brought to Yasmah-Addu.
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show the role he played in his father’s brutal expansionist military campaign of 1781 B.C.E., particularly in regards with the Ya’ilanum tribe. Whereas letters and inscriptions describing other battles reveal a non-violent treatment of captured enemies, letters to Yasmah-Adad contained instructions
252:
Yasmah-Adad's critiques did not come solely from his father, as correspondence between him and his older brother demonstrates. Ishme-Dagan scolds his brother, "Why are you setting up a wail about this thing? That is not great conduct", and advises him to communicate with their father through him as
235:
Yasmah-Adad is best known for the criticism he received from his father. Yasmah-Adad was accused of being lazy, self indulgent and not applying himself to his kingly duties. He was once chided for dallying with women and abandoning his duties for his sexual pleasures. The correspondence between the
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and his father, and accused of inactive leadership over his district. His character was attacked in a letter from his father, which asks, "How long do we have to guide you in every matter? Are you a child, and not an adult? Don't you have a beard on your chin? When are you going to take charge of
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to kill all the members of this tribe. "Give an order that the sons (of the tribe) of Ya'ilanum, all those who are with you, must die tonight ... They must die and be buried in the graves!" Later, in a letter to Yasmah-Adad,
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kingdom was under attack from outside and inside its borders. But other sources may support his father's belief. Most primary sources from the era do not mention any military action on his part. When his father died,
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held esteemed titles and ruled in their corresponding capitals, their power seems to have been conceptual, and they may have been political puppets established in power to do their father's bidding.
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Shamshi-Adad I played a major role in his son's life and frequently micromanaged his son's affairs. In one instance, to facilitate a military alliance with the western Syrian city-state of
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and his army chased him out of Mari and took his throne in 1775 B.C. The sources do not fully agree, but he was either chased out of his borders or killed before being allowed to flee.
610:
696:
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was able to chase Yasmah-Adad out of the throne in Mari seemingly without much of a fight, while Ishme-Dagan lost control of all of his portion of his father's kingdom except
249:, and to delegate the position of mayor for the Mari palace, and his failure to fulfill these duties was the basis of many of his father's terse letters.
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and provides an interesting and at times humorous look into the dynamics of this family. Yasmah-Adad was ridiculed frequently by both his brother
208:. Shamshi-Adad I and Beltum's father both wished her to have a leading role in the palace, but Yasmah-Adad was already married to the daughter of
301:
Although military campaigns and criticism found in letters from both his father and brother depict
Yashmah-Adad in a less than capable light, a
465:
Harris, Rivkah (2000). Gender and Aging in
Mesopotamia: The Gilgamesh Epic and other ancient Literature. University of Oklahoma Press, Normal.
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of Mari in 1796 B.C.E. He was responsible for the southwestern section of his father's kingdom (of which Mari was the capital), including the
212:, who was Yasmah-Adad's leading wife at Mari. As a result, he relegated Beltum, his second wife, to a secondary position in the palace.
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184:. Yasmah-Adad's leadership of Mari and the surrounding districts around the Euphrates ended when his father died, and the Amorite
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was angry with Yasmah-Adad for his refusal to follow orders, and forced him to keep Beltum by his side in the palace.
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593:
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204:, Shamshi-Adad I arranged for his son's marriage to Princess Beltum, the daughter of the king of Qatna,
522:
Letters of the Great Kings of the
Ancient Near East: The Royal Correspondence of the Late Bronze Age
305:
letter (c. 1791–1776 B.C.E.) provides us with a glimpse into the family dynamic. This message from
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689:
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172:(inhabited by semi-nomadic peoples). His father controlled the northern part of the kingdom from
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417:
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611:""Kill them all!" Some Remarks on the Annihilation of the Ya'ilanum Tribe (1781 B.C.E.)"
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27:
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136:(Yasmah-Addu, Yasmakh-Adad, Ismah-Adad, Iasmakh-Adad) was the younger son of the
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by his father after a successful military attack following the assassination of
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Some argue that this instance of control demonstrated the extent of power
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644:. Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press. p. 108
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had over his sons and his kingdom in general. While Yasmah-Adad and
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A History of the
Ancient Near East ca. 3000-323 B.C. Second Edition
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201:
165:
137:
681:
92:
48:
507:(Volume 1 ed.). Paris: Les Editions du Cerf. p. 138.
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http://www.gatewaystobabylon.com/essays/essaynergalereshk1.htm
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position. Yasmah-Adad managed the region well considering the
164:. Yasmah-Adad's administrative district bordered the state of
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551:(Third ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1973. pp.
416:(Third ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1973. pp.
272:
259:
246:
197:
43:
445:(Second ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 109.
355:(Second ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 109.
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father and sons was found in the archives of the city of
384:(2 ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. p.
480:
A History of the
Ancient Near East, ca. 3000-2300 B.C.E
353:
A History of the
Ancient Near East, ca. 3000-323 B.C.
577:
544:
409:
200:, an ally in the fight against the enemy state of
941:
547:The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume II, Part I
412:The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume II, Part I
664:E.Roux "Ancient Iraq" (Penguin, Harmondsworth)
617:. The Journal of the American Oriental Society
477:
440:
375:
350:
697:
296:
230:
704:
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661:"Documents Epistolaires du Palais de Mari"
584:. Vol. I. London: Routledge. p.
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505:Documents Epistolaires du Palais de Mari
482:. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 109.
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180:, ruled over the southeast area from
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324:Chronology of the ancient Near East
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736:The second kingdom, 2500 - 2300 BC
678:Paris: Les Editions du Cerf, 1997.
443:A History of the Ancient Near East
380:A History of the Ancient Near East
14:
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796:The third kingdom, 2266 - 1761 BC
720:The first kingdom, 2900 - 2500 BC
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580:Ancient Near East c. 3000-330 BC
283:Letters between Yasmah-Adad and
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676:Epistolaires du Palais de Mari.
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727:No rulers known to archaeology
671:Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2007.
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1:
526:. London: Routledge. p.
478:Van De Mieroop, Marc (2007).
441:Van De Mieroop, Marc (2007).
376:Van De Mieroop, Marc (2007).
351:Van De Mieroop, Marc (2007).
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503:Durand, Jean-Marie (1997).
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140:king of Upper Mesopotamia,
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635:Oppenheim, Leo A. (1967).
297:Other family communication
144:. He was put on throne of
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231:Criticism from his family
176:, and his older brother,
955:18th-century BC monarchs
638:Letters From Mesopotamia
113:Investiture of Zimri-Lim
931:Category:Kings of Mari
667:Van De Mieroop, Marc.
576:Kuhrt, Amelie (1995).
518:Bryce, Trevor (2003).
674:Durand, Jean-Marie.
123:Statue of Iddi-Ilum
279:Military brutality
192:Political marriage
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452:978-1-4051-4911-2
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854:
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763:Ishtup-Ishar
748:Iku-Shamagan
743:Ikun-Shamash
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646:. Retrieved
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619:. Retrieved
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174:Shubat-Enlil
154:Balikh River
133:
132:
81:
54:Royal Palace
908:Yasmah-Adad
893:Ennin-Dagan
882:Hanun-Dagan
876:Hitlal-Erra
835:Ishgum-Addu
828:Ishtup-Ilum
814:Ishma-Dagan
290:Ishme-Dagan
242:Ishme-Dagan
225:Ishme-Dagan
178:Ishme-Dagan
158:Habur River
134:Yasmah-Adad
104:Archaeology
82:Yasmah-Adad
944:Categories
903:Yahdun-Lim
898:Yaggid-Lim
863:Tura-Dagan
787:Ishqi-Mari
780:Enna-Dagan
648:25 October
621:2014-10-22
562:0521082307
427:0521082307
335:References
210:Yahdun-Lim
150:Yahdun-Lim
77:Yahdun-Lim
72:Yaggid-Lim
913:Zimri-Lim
888:Isi-Dagan
856:Ili-Ishar
849:Iddi-ilum
808:Shu-Dagan
768:Ikun-Mari
269:Ekallatum
265:Zimri-Lim
206:Ishi-Adad
186:Zimri-Lim
182:Ekallatum
87:Zimri-Lim
39:Euphrates
923:Kings ·
842:Apil-kin
773:Iblul-Il
313:See also
168:and the
821:Nûr-Mêr
803:Ididish
319:Assyria
202:Yamkhad
166:Yamkhad
138:Amorite
758:Saʿumu
592:
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449:
424:
392:
359:
160:, and
93:Shibtu
91:Queen
49:Tuttul
783:Hidar
753:Ansud
642:(PDF)
273:Assur
260:Ashur
247:Terqa
198:Qatna
63:Kings
44:Terqa
777:Nizi
650:2014
590:ISBN
557:ISBN
484:ISBN
447:ISBN
422:ISBN
390:ISBN
357:ISBN
303:Mari
271:and
238:Mari
146:Mari
20:Mari
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