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Yangming uses an example in his book to demonstrate his idea: if we see a child fall into water well, we can't help but feel bad for the child. The feeling of bad here is an embodiment of the inherent supreme principle in our minds. But, if the child happens to be the son of one's biggest enemy, he may not feel bad for the child after all. This is the situation in which the supreme principle is covered by selfish desires. If one can remove all selfish desires from one's heart, then he would achieve the ultimate consciousness, which is the final purpose pursued by many
Chinese philosophers throughout centuries.
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world in our minds. If we think deeper, we can even see the extensions of the world there. The recognition of extensions here doesn't mean that one can see the whole picture of Eiffel Tower even he has never been to Paris. What
Yangming has been trying to prove is that, as we have a completed set of perceptions of the world in our minds, we have as well gotten a hold of the ultimate philosophy, the truth of the world, the supreme principles which have been guiding and teaching us through the ages.
333:
366:)" in a way. This means that one must conduct appropriate behaviors under certain circumstances. For instance, everyone knows they should care about their families' wellbeing. But if one only asks whether his families are feeling good or bad and does nothing when he receives the answer "feeling bad", this cannot count as the ultimate consciousness. Only does one actually do things to take care of his families can be considered as knowing the ultimate consciousness.
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386:", is probably the most important and well-known concept in Yangmingism. Yangming explains this concept as "Nobody can separate the knowledge and the action apart. If one knows, one will act. If one knows but don't act, then he has never actually known it. If you can obtain both, when you know something, you are already doing it; when you are doing something, then you already know it."
510:. Taizhou School became widespread because it focuses on the general public. Scholars in Taizhou School believe that even the most ordinary person has the possibility of accomplishing extraordinary achievements. Everyone is a potential saint, as the universal truth is buried their own mind. Taizhou School is rebellious against both the traditional and the Neo-Confucianism.
403:
131:(理, pinyin: Li) from their minds, objecting to Cheng and Zhu's belief that one can only seek the supreme principle in the objective world. Furthermore, Yangmingism posits a oneness of action and knowledge in relation to one's concepts of morality. This idea, "regard the inner knowledge and the exterior action as one" (
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Yangming argues that there are countless matters existing in the world, we can never get to study all of, or even most of them. However, when we are interacting with the world, we are using our consciousness to look, smell, and hear what is all around us. Thus, we can find the existence of the whole
450:
Yangming regards education as the most efficient way to inspire people to find the
Supreme Principle in their minds; it means that not only do education institutions need to teach students academic knowledge, but they also need to teach students moral and ethical principles. He again emphasized the
398:
could be interpret as the consistency of one's
Supreme Principle and his objective actions. In the example of a child falling into water well, the action is not trying to save the child, but "feeling bad for the child". And the knowledge, the part of the Supreme Principle used here is the sympathy
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Not surprisingly, not only did he not learn anything from the bamboos, but
Yangming also fell seriously ill after sitting in the garden for seven days. Therefore, Yangming had given up on most of the Cheng-Zhu literature, as well as the idea of taking the imperial examination. Instead, he began to
350:
in
English, Yangming writes that "there is nothing exists outside our minds, there is no supreme principle exists outside our hearts." However, the problem here is that we let all kinds of selfish desires cover up the supreme principle, so we can't practice the principle well in our daily lives.
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Though
Yangming had lost his faith in the imperial examination, he still signed up for the exam for the sake of his father. He passed the exam and was later assigned to work in the construction department in the central government. In 1506, Yangming was caught in political conflicts, and soon was
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Yangmingism became hugely popular in
Southern China, especially Jiangxi and Jiangnan (except Suzhou), but not Anhui and Fujian, and by the sixteenth century the Cheng-Zhu orthodox school even in the North could not ignore its basic philosophical claims. The Yangmingist belief that all men were
493:. Zhezhong School emphasizes on inner virtues. Scholars in this school regard virtues and knowledge are the foundation of one's life, arguing that one should solely focus on learning instead of actively seeking fames or reputations. They emphasize the importance of education.
277:, the most deserted place in China at that time. Yangming soon recovered from the setback. While working on improving the living situations of people in Guizhou, Yangming developed his own philosophical principles, which were then called Yangminism, based on
442:". which can be translated as "The Substance of the mind lacks good and lacks evil. When intentions are formed there is good and there is evil. 'Pure knowing' is knowing good and knowing evil. 'Getting a handle on things' is to do good and eliminate evil."
534:. Fuzhi didn't agree with Yangming that there is no good or bad exist in both the world and people's minds. He also argued that 知行合一, the unity of inner knowledge and actions had made people can no longer separate theories and actual matter apart.
163:
Yangming's philosophy was inherited and spread by his disciples. Eventually, Yangmingism overtook the dominance of the Cheng-Zhu School and started to have followers outside China. Yangmingism became an influence on the incipient
555:, is the branch of Yangmingism in Japan. Yangmingism was spread to Japan in the later periods of the Ming Dynasty by a traveling Japanese monk. From 1568 to 1603, Yangmingism was at its preliminary stage in Japan. Later, when
559:
ended, some of the Ming scholars fled to Japan and helped to develop
Yangmingism there. In 1789, Yangmingism became an influential philosophy among the Japanese. Yangmingism had also played an essential role to Japan's
389:"Nowadays, many people treat knowledge and actions as two distinct things. They think the need to know first, only then can they do something in this area. This lead them to do nothing, as well as to know nothing."
123:. Wang Yangming, on the other hand, developed his philosophy as the main intellectual opposition to the Cheng-Zhu School. Yangmingism is considered to be part of the School of Mind established by
17:
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for others. For those who doesn't feel bad for the child, they haven't learn the knowledge of sympathy yet, thus they cannot apply the knowledge in their actions.
320:'s idea that one must learn from the external things. This was promoted with the adage "The Supreme Principle is Buried in One's Mind" (不离日用常行内，直到先天未画时).
218:
When
Yangming was 12 years old, Yangming's father sent him to a private school to prepare for the exam. At the age of eighteen, Yangming had a talk with
249:). To practice this principle, Yangming spent seven days doing nothing except staring at, or so to say, studying the bamboos planted in the garden.
215:
in 1481, thus he had been expecting his children to inherit his knowledge and start their career by participating in the imperial examination.
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philosopher. Yangming's excessive concentration on minds had made his teaching contain a negative attitude coming from his early education in
299:. Northern literati, more dependent on governmental routes to success than their Southern counterparts, were less receptive to Yangmingism.
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as one in the process of education. Yangming believed that in order to achieve something, one must set up a specific goal first.
422:'s motto "Mens et Manus," or "Mind and Hand," also reflect the importance of combining the inner knowledge and actions as one.
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In 1528, one year before his death, Yangming summaries his philosophies into a doctrine called "the Four-Sentence Teaching (
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study communities and that participating in the state was not necessary, which in turn led to rise of the
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One thing worth noticing here is that, the ultimate consciousness is also in accordance with
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It is sometimes called the Lu-Wang school by people who wish to emphasize the influence of
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read texts written by other Chinese philosophers, and eventually narrowed his focus on
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movement in 19th century Japan. In the 20th century, Japanese author and nationalist
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at that time. Lou's teachings had significantly enhanced Yangming's interest in
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equally capable of moral behaviour led them to advocate the formation of
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Li Mengyang, the North-South Divide, and Literati Learning in Ming China
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examined Yangmingism as an integral part of the ideologies behind the
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707:"Ma Hae-song and his involvement with Bungei-shunju and Modern-nihon"
237:. After their conversations, Yangming managed to read through all of
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school emphasizing the importance of observational science built by
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601:(New Impression ed.). New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
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Instructions for Practical Living and Other Neo-Confucian Writings
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writes that "only the thoughts that we live out have any value."
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The last samurai : the life and battles of Saigō Takamori
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744:"The School of the Human Mind 心學 (www.chinaknowledge.de)"
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Similar ideas can be found in the western literature. In
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as well as further samurai resistance, in particular the
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Zhang Juzheng, one of the greatest Chinese politicians.
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Notable figures include He Xinyin, Yan Shannong, and
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308:"The Supreme Principle is Buried in One's Heart-Mind"
659:"Xinxue | Chinese philosophy | Britannica"
203:In 1472, Yangming was born in a rich household in
2504:
358:'s "to acquire knowledge one must study things (
87:), is one of the major philosophical schools of
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481:Notable figures in this genre include Nie Bao,
229:, who was one of the representative figures of
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211:. Yangming's father ranked first place in the
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380:The unity of inner knowledge and action, or "
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183:Some have described it as influential on the
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187:for its idea of internal transformation.
676:. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
522:, criticized that Yangming is more of a
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15:
942:"吳光：王陽明教育思想內涵深刻 五點啟示值得思考【圖】--貴州頻道--人民網"
814:. BRILL. pp. 67–69, 277, 288–289.
370:The unity of inner knowledge and action
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144:. Xinxue was seen as a rival to the
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711:Journal of Korean Modern Literature
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599:A source book in Chinese philosophy
518:Chinese historian and philosopher,
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436:)". The original Chinese text is "
328:Achieve the ultimate consciousness
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199:Former residence of Wang Yangming
966:"《日本阳明学的实践精神》：迥异于中国的日本阳明学 – 国学网"
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152:after its leading philosophers,
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439:無善無惡心之體，有善有惡意之動；知善知惡是良知，為善去惡是格物
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597:Chan, Wing-Tsit, ed. (1969).
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376:Unity of knowledge and action
633:. 2013-06-25. Archived from
148:school sometimes called the
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774:Guan Xiu, Zhang Tingzhong.
720:10.35419/kmlit.2007..33.001
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859:Hesse, Hermann. (2019).
472:Left philosophical genre
103:). Throughout the whole
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810:Chang Woei Ong (2020).
241:’s work, reflecting on
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991:www.ebusinessreview.cn
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446:Education philosophies
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336:Yangming's handwriting
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2523:Confucianism in Japan
1473:Northern and Southern
920:(in Chinese (Taiwan))
748:www.chinaknowledge.de
672:Ravina, Mark (2004).
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968:(in Chinese (China))
918:"王陽明「四句教」之:知善知惡是良知。"
863:. Dreamscape Media.
213:imperial examination
1103:School of Diplomacy
185:Cultural Revolution
178:Shinpūren rebellion
25:School of the Heart
1037:Chinese philosophy
742:Theobald, Ulrich.
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987:"阳明学的现代启示录——焦点专题"
899:. 3 February 2006
870:978-1-9749-3912-1
608:978-1-4008-2003-0
562:Meiji Restoration
174:Meiji Restoration
129:supreme principle
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631:"王守仁：始创"知行合一""
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683:0-471-08970-2
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637:on 2013-06-25
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491:Zhang Juzheng
488:
484:
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451:necessity of
443:
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416:Hermann Hesse
413:
406:Wang Yangming
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101:Wang Yangming
98:
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66:
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52:
48:
44:
38:
30:
26:
18:
2480:Epistemology
2467:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2389:Yin and yang
2381:
2372:Human nature
2364:
2360:Filial piety
2352:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2307:
2300:
2288:
2277:Confucianism
2271:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2207:Zhou Guoping
2202:Zhang Shenfu
2187:Yin Haiguang
2182:Yang Changji
2127:Liu Xiaofeng
2112:Liang Qichao
1997:Carsun Chang
1985:20th century
1971:Zhuang Cunyu
1901:Hong Liangji
1861:Chen Menglei
1856:Chen Hongmou
1838:Zhan Ruoshui
1798:Liu Zongzhou
1768:Hong Zicheng
1763:Huang Zongxi
1669:Fan Zhongyan
1647:Ten Kingdoms
1633:Linji Yixuan
1628:Liu Zongyuan
1217:Gongsun Long
1179:Eastern Zhou
1170:Philosophers
1148:
1144:Mixed School
1129:
1122:
1066:Han learning
1061:Confucianism
994:. Retrieved
990:
981:
970:. Retrieved
960:
949:. Retrieved
945:
922:. Retrieved
912:
901:. Retrieved
896:
887:
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854:
845:
811:
805:
796:
775:
751:. Retrieved
747:
737:
713:(33): 5–34.
710:
705:곽형덕 (2007).
700:
673:
667:
639:. Retrieved
635:the original
625:
598:
592:
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449:
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391:
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379:
353:
347:
339:
322:
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292:
289:
278:
271:
259:
217:
202:
182:
162:
139:
109:Ming dynasty
105:Yuan dynasty
97:Wang Shouren
64:yángmíng xué
62:
46:
40:
24:
23:
2451:Role ethics
2436:Metaphysics
2212:Zhou Zuoren
2172:Xiong Shili
2157:Tang Chun-i
2152:Sun Yat-sen
2147:Qiu Renzong
2142:Mou Zongsan
2092:Kang Youwei
2037:Feng Youlan
2002:P. C. Chang
1992:Cai Yuanpei
1976:Zeng Guofan
1961:Yu Zhengxie
1891:Gong Zizhen
1886:Feng Guifen
1876:Fang Lanfen
1808:Qian Dehong
1608:Zhang Zhihe
1544:Xiahou Xuan
1484:Bao Jingyan
1327:Zhuang Zhou
273:demoted to
223: [
47:Yangmingism
2507:Categories
2490:Legitimacy
2192:Yu Dunkang
2162:Tang Yijie
2137:Mao Zedong
2122:Lin Yutang
2087:Jin Yuelin
2082:Jiang Qing
2057:He Guanghu
2027:Chu Anping
2012:Chen Duxiu
1941:Wang Fuzhi
1931:Tan Sitong
1926:Pan Pingge
1921:Liu Yiming
1803:Luo Rufang
1724:Zhou Dunyi
1709:Wang Chuyi
1699:Wang Anshi
1679:Lu Jiuyuan
1559:Yan Zhitui
1549:Xie Daoyun
1451:Yang Xiong
1436:Wang Chong
1411:Kong Anguo
1272:Shen Buhai
1267:Shang Yang
1222:Guan Zhong
1192:Chunyu Kun
1113:Naturalism
996:2020-02-14
972:2020-02-14
951:2020-02-14
924:2020-02-14
903:2020-02-14
879:1080083089
753:2023-04-07
641:2020-01-31
585:References
520:Wang Fuzhi
483:Zou Shouyi
314:Lu Jiuyuan
267:Lu Jiuyuan
256:Lu Jiuyuan
142:Lu Jiuyuan
125:Lu Jiuyuan
2469:Shan shui
2402:Zhengming
2177:Xu Fuguan
2102:Li Shicen
2077:Ray Huang
2062:Hu Qiaomu
2032:Fang Keli
2022:Ch'ien Mu
2007:Chen Daqi
1936:Tang Zhen
1881:Fang Quan
1793:Liu Bowen
1783:Lai Zhide
1773:Jiao Hong
1758:Chen Jiru
1719:Zhang Zai
1684:Shao Yong
1659:Cheng Hao
1603:Wang Tong
1504:Guo Xiang
1426:Liu Xiang
1406:Jing Fang
1317:Yuan Xian
1297:Ximen Bao
1252:Lie Yukou
1207:Duanmu Ci
1197:Confucius
1083:Huang–Lao
729:1229-9030
617:859961526
356:Cheng-Zhu
318:Cheng-Zhu
287:'s work.
220:Lou Liang
84:yōmeigaku
78:romanized
2463:Ink wash
2441:Politics
2431:Theology
2290:Ming yun
2266:Jing zuo
2225:Concepts
2107:Li Zehou
2072:Hua Gang
2042:Gan Yang
1951:Yan Yuan
1946:Wei Yuan
1916:Lin Zexu
1896:Gu Yanwu
1871:Fang Bao
1866:Dai Zhen
1828:Wu Cheng
1818:Wang Gen
1689:Shen Kuo
1664:Cheng Yi
1623:Liu Yuxi
1529:Sengzhao
1489:Fan Zhen
1391:Huan Tan
1371:Ban Zhao
1322:Zhang Yi
1312:Yang Zhu
1277:Shen Dao
1187:Bu Shang
1088:Legalism
1056:Buddhism
692:51898842
568:See also
538:In Japan
532:Buddhism
524:Buddhism
508:Wang Gen
293:jiangxue
209:Zhejiang
154:Cheng Yi
117:Cheng Yi
93:idealist
69:Japanese
2475:Society
2252:Jian'ai
2067:Hu Shih
2052:Gu Zhun
1911:Ma Qixi
1813:Wang Ji
1778:Jiao Yu
1694:Su Song
1674:Hu Hong
1564:Zhi Dun
1554:Xun Can
1539:Wang Bi
1534:Wang Su
1524:Ji Kang
1519:Huiyuan
1509:Fu Xuan
1499:Ge Hong
1446:Xun Yue
1441:Wang Fu
1431:Ma Rong
1401:Jia Kui
1342:Zou Yan
1302:Xu Xing
1287:Sun Tzu
1257:Mencius
1232:Hui Shi
1227:Han Fei
1202:Deng Xi
1139:Yangism
1131:Xuanxue
1098:Marxism
1044:Schools
574:Kokutai
514:Critics
275:Guizhou
191:Origins
80::
51:Chinese
42:xīn xué
29:Chinese
2533:Xinxue
2446:Ethics
2419:Topics
2354:Wu wei
2132:Lu Xun
1956:Yu Yue
1906:Ji Yun
1788:Li Zhi
1729:Zhu Xi
1714:Ye Shi
1613:Han Yu
1598:Jizang
1514:He Yan
1494:Fan Ye
1421:Lu Jia
1416:Liu An
1396:Jia Yi
1386:Dou Wu
1332:Zichan
1282:Su Qin
1242:Li Kui
1124:Daoxue
1118:Taoism
1093:Mohism
877:
867:
861:Demian
818:
727:
690:
680:
615:
605:
551:ようめいがく
489:, and
487:Xu Jie
459:Genres
412:Demian
263:Taoism
158:Zhu Xi
121:Zhu Xi
61::
59:pinyin
53::
45:), or
39::
37:pinyin
31::
2426:Logic
2409:Ziran
2047:Gu Su
1833:Xu Ai
1618:Li Ao
1593:Fu Yi
1307:Xunzi
1292:Wu Qi
1247:Li Si
1237:Laozi
1212:Gaozi
579:Ukehi
547:, or
346:, or
227:]
205:Yuyao
146:Lixue
2395:Yong
2342:Tian
2321:Shen
2302:Qing
2259:Jing
1848:Qing
1747:Ming
1742:Yuan
1651:Song
1582:Tang
1337:Zisi
1262:Mozi
875:OCLC
865:ISBN
816:ISBN
797:明儒學案
725:ISSN
688:OCLC
678:ISBN
613:OCLC
603:ISBN
395:知行合一
383:知行合一
362:格物致知
283:and
265:and
247:格物致知
156:and
134:知行合一
2366:Xin
2309:Ren
2232:Tao
1577:Sui
1469:Jin
1360:Han
1355:Qin
846:傳習錄
715:doi
544:陽明學
433:四句教
420:MIT
343:傳習錄
239:Zhu
73:陽明学
55:陽明學
2509::
2383:Yi
2335:Ti
2328:Si
2296:Qi
2272:Li
2245:Fa
2238:De
989:.
944:.
933:^
895:.
873:.
830:^
784:^
762:^
746:.
723:.
709:.
686:.
650:^
611:.
564:.
485:,
414:,
285:Lu
225:zh
207:,
180:.
160:.
75:,
71::
67:;
57:;
35:;
33:心學
1029:e
1022:t
1015:v
999:.
975:.
954:.
927:.
906:.
881:.
848:.
824:.
799:.
778:.
756:.
731:.
717::
694:.
661:.
644:.
619:.
49:(
27:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
