309:, as well as others within the genus, are used in many traditional medicinal treatments. The chloroform extracts found in the plant are used to treat numerous ailments such as hydrophobia, rabies, fevers, diarrhea, and cancer. In Chinese medicinal practices, the methanol extracts found in the leaves and fruits are used to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. This species can also be toxic to humans, as it produces toxins that cause nephrotoxic effects, causing damage to the kidneys.
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is classified as an invasive weed of many crops. This plant negatively impacts crops such as: cotton, maize, sunflowers, tomatoes, soybeans, sugarcane, and other annual or perennial crops. It decreases the health of the ecosystem it takes over and threatens the loss of the native species that inhabit
267:
The leaves are irregularly lobed or lance-shaped lobed, the middle is much longer than the others, and have white veins down the center. They are arranged spirally or alternately along the stem. Each is up to 10 or 12 centimeters long and are dark green or grayish on top, pale green or whitish
278:
that are monoecious and form greenish axillary or solitary inflorescence clusters. The male flowers are bulbous and found in dense clusters at the tips of stems near the topmost leaves. Female flowers are found at the leaf forks on lower leaves and develop into burs. The
228:
that grows in many types of disturbed habitats such as pastures, crops, waterways, grasslands, flood plains, waste areas, and sometimes tropical and arid environments. Its original native range is not known but it may have come from
259:
is an upright, highly branched, dichotomous, annual herb producing a slender stem up to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) tall or slightly taller. It is lined at intervals with very long, sharp, yellowish, three pronged
283:
are one or 1.5 centimeters long and covered in small hook-like spines. Each bur has two seeds inside it that are flattened and have a thick coat. The spiny burs are easily
321:
the area as well as lowers the biodiversity. It also threatens the health and well being of the animals that inhabit the areas where it is found. If livestock ingests
237:. The plant is found in various regions across the world including Canada, the US, Central America, parts of Africa and the Middle East, China, Russia and Australia.
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Romero, M.; Zanuy, M.; Rosell, E.; Cascante, M.; Piulats, J.; Font-Bardia, M.; Balzarini, J.; De Clerq, E.; Pujol, M.D. (January 2015).
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flowers between summer and late fall, typically from July to
October in the northern hemisphere. The plant produces male and female
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325:, the livestock will become poisoned and could potentially make its way into a human. The plants, especially new seedlings, are
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571:"Optimization of xanthatin extraction from Xanthium spinosum L. and its cytotoxic, anti-angiogenesis and antiviral properties"
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that encompasses 25 different species of flowering plants of the daisy family, Asteraceae, and sunflower tribe.
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which may exceed three centimeters in length. These spines are typically found at the base of each leaf fork.
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522:"Fuels planning: science synthesis and integration; environmental consequences fact sheet 07: fire and weeds"
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to new areas when they become attached to animals, people, and objects, or float on water.
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416:"Revival of Natural Products: Utilization of Modern Technologies"
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plant with lobed leaves and white stripe down the middle
657:University of California, Calphotos Photo gallery
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461:Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board
268:underneath and are covered in downy hairs.
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414:Amin, Surriya; Khan, Haroon (2016-05-04).
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384:"ITIS – Report: Acanthoxanthium spinosum"
196:) is a species of flowering plant in the
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575:European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
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333:. This plant is also toxic to humans.
200:known by many common names, including
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313:Agricultural & ecological effects
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1101:8104ea39-3b9d-4be8-9f1b-e9fa08390d36
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212:. This species is part of the genus
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364:. Department of Primary Industries
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647:Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk
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432:10.2174/1573407212666160314195845
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1202:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:260892-1
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587:10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.060
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1335:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
634:Jepson Manual Treatment of
420:Current Bioactive Compounds
224:It is known worldwide as a
10:
1351:
520:Sutherland, Steve (2004).
16:Species of flowering plant
1325:Flora of Southern America
679:
168:
161:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1330:Plants described in 1753
194:Acanthoxanthium spinosum
301:
661:invasive plant species
651:invasive plant species
641:invasive plant species
547:Cite journal requires
466:July 24, 2011, at the
445:Flora of North America
298:
253:
531:10.2737/rmrs-rn-23-v7
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630:at Wikimedia Commons
524:. Ft. Collins, CO.
491:"Xanthium spinosum"
344:reduces its value.
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1307:
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1153:Xanthium spinosum
1135:Open Tree of Life
1078:Xanthium~spinosum
879:Xanthium spinosum
801:Xanthium_spinosum
711:Xanthium spinosum
681:Xanthium spinosum
673:Taxon identifiers
636:Xanthium spinosum
628:Xanthium spinosum
626:Media related to
323:Xanthium spinosum
318:Xanthium spinosum
307:Xanthium spinosum
295:Xanthium spinosum
272:Xanthium spinosum
257:Xanthium spinosum
251:Xanthium spinosum
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25:Xanthium spinosum
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362:"Bathurst Burr"
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206:prickly burweed
202:spiny cocklebur
192:(also known as
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210:Bathurst burr
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163:Binomial name
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540:cite journal
498:. Retrieved
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391:. Retrieved
388:www.itis.gov
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366:. Retrieved
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276:flower heads
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226:noxious weed
223:
220:Distribution
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198:aster family
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1034:NatureServe
949:iNaturalist
705:Wikispecies
581:: 491–496.
241:Description
84:Angiosperms
1314:Categories
1258:WisFlora:
1176:gcc-131365
1171:Plant List
772:Calflora:
393:2021-12-27
348:References
130:Asteraceae
892:242417494
866:242417494
848:FloraBase
500:April 28,
331:livestock
285:dispersed
148:Species:
120:Asterales
54:Kingdom:
1320:Xanthium
1246:VicFlora
1235:VASCAN:
1223:Tropicos
1073:NSWFlora
1039:2.149641
990:10208621
977:260892-1
796:eFloraSA
762:BioLib:
755:286-29-1
690:Wikidata
605:25481815
464:Archived
368:22 April
249:Burs of
214:Xanthium
141:Xanthium
126:Family:
110:Asterids
97:Eudicots
1297:1111300
1228:2703486
1086:NTFlora
1065:1053410
915:3089150
696:Q643890
596:7115430
136:Genus:
116:Order:
58:Plantae
1215:3215-3
1184:PLANTS
1140:120844
1098:NZOR:
902:XANSPI
899:FoIO:
840:161345
814:483030
752:APSA:
732:101351
729:APDB:
603:
593:
262:spines
1292:WoRMS
1268:WoI:
1210:SANBI
1189:XASP2
1160:PFI:
1109:NZPCN
1016:38691
1003:56863
985:IRMNG
961:IPA:
954:58045
941:42071
874:FoAO2
835:EUNIS
827:XANSP
788:5C4YT
765:41364
745:96151
719:APA:
338:sheep
327:toxic
235:Chile
104:Clade
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
1261:9267
1238:3652
1197:POWO
1163:5575
1148:PfaF
1127:7667
1114:2651
1060:NCBI
1011:ITIS
972:IPNI
964:6621
936:GRIN
928:1347
923:GISD
910:GBIF
853:8287
822:EPPO
775:8366
740:APNI
722:1061
601:PMID
553:help
502:2020
495:CABI
370:2012
342:wool
302:Uses
281:burs
208:and
1279:WFO
1271:945
1091:747
1047:NBN
1026:517
998:ISC
887:FoC
861:FNA
809:EoL
783:CoL
591:PMC
583:doi
526:doi
428:doi
340:'s
329:to
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659:—
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561:^
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542:}}
538:{{
510:^
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179:L.
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551:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
