218:
Issue 1 of the guide covered basic operating system interfaces, the C language, COBOL, indexed sequential file access method (ISAM) and other parts and was published in 1985. Issue 2 followed in 1987, and extended the coverage to include
Internationalization, Terminal Interfaces, Inter-Process
246:
Multiple levels of compliance and corresponding labels were available, depending on the scope of the guide that was covered: Base and Plus; labels
Component and Application are for SW components and applications that make use of the portability guide.
235:, as well as data access interfaces for SQL and ISAM. In many cases these were profiles of existing international standards. Issue 3 (XPG3) followed in 1989, its primary focus being convergence with the
243:
was based on the XPG4 standard. The XPG3 and XPG4 standards define all aspects of the operating system, programming languages and protocols which compliant systems should have.
2051:
211:(CAE) intended to allow portability of applications across operating systems. The primary aim was compatibility between different vendors' implementations of
1967:
47:
derived from UNIX, to increase the interoperability of applications and reduce the cost of porting software. Its original members were
676:
166:
In
October 1993, a planned transfer of UNIX trademark from Novell to X/Open was announced; it was finalized in 2nd quarter of 1994.
239:
operating system specifications; it added Window
Manager, ADA Language and more. Issue 4 (XPG4) was published in July 1992. The
1990:
C. B. Taylor. The X/OPEN group and the common application environment. ICL Technical
Journal Vol 5(4) pp. 665–679, 1987.
1140:
2046:
954:
917:
2001:
1931:
1882:
1853:
1807:
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970:
52:
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686:
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232:
200:
101:
199:
X/Open published its specifications under the name X/Open
Portability Guide (or XPG). Based on the AT&T
2041:
1003:
850:
1993:
C. B. Taylor. X/Open - from
Strength to Strength. ICL Technical Journal, Vol 7(3) pp. 565–583, 1991
240:
170:
1953:
1904:
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220:
177:
156:
801:
2066:
546:
Distributed
Transaction Processing: The TX (Transaction Demarcation) Specification, April 1995,
890:
40:
1987:- Mentions X/Open; lists members and its efforts to define "a new standard interface to UNIX".
1126:
782:
2061:
1102:
1082:
1061:
1040:
707:
657:
731:
275:
X/Open
Portability Guide Volume 2: System V Specification System Calls and Libraries, 1987,
1918:
1647:
1353:
1255:
942:
285:
X/Open
Portability Guide Volume 3: System V Specification Supplementary Definitions, 1987,
1869:
1794:
1745:
1696:
1549:
1500:
1451:
1402:
1304:
1156:
8:
1979:
207:, which is only concerned with direct operating system interfaces. The guide specifies a
97:
64:
946:
265:
X/Open Portability Guide Volume 1: System V Specification Commands and Utilities, 1987,
1941:
1892:
1817:
1768:
1719:
1670:
1621:
1572:
1523:
1474:
1425:
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1229:
1179:
1013:
586:
Distributed Transaction Processing: The XCPI-C Specification Version 2, November 1995,
160:
2016:, opengroup.org -- resulted from merger of X/Open Company and Open Software Foundation
760:
1997:
1927:
1878:
1849:
1803:
1754:
1705:
1656:
1607:
1558:
1509:
1460:
1411:
1362:
1313:
1264:
1215:
1165:
1136:
976:
950:
913:
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1971:
1111:
854:
109:
44:
1600:
Distributed Transaction Processing: The TX (Transaction Demarcation) Specification
191:
for heterogeneous distributed transaction processing, which was released in 1991.
1843:
140:
117:
105:
123:
By 1990 the group had expanded to 21 members: in addition to the original five,
181:
136:
43:. More specifically, the original aim was to define a single specification for
872:
822:
680:
2035:
1087:
938:
834:
148:
36:
1983:
576:
Distributed Transaction Processing: The XATMI Specification, November 1995,
566:
Distributed Transaction Processing: The TxRPC Specification, November 1995,
215:, though some vendors also implemented the standards on non-UNIX platforms.
858:
330:
X/Open Portability Guide Volume 2: XSI System Interface and Headers, 1989,
1355:
X/Open CAE Specification System Interfaces and Headers, Issue 4, Version 2
1306:
X/Open CAE Specification System Interface Definitions, Issue 4, Version 2
456:
Distributed Transaction Processing: The XA Specification, December 1991,
48:
1975:
616:
Data Management: Structured Query Language (SQL) Version 2, March 1996,
340:
X/Open Portability Guide Volume 3: XSI Supplementary Definitions, 1989,
466:
Systems Management: Management Protocol Profiles (XMPP), October 1993,
56:
28:
1796:
Distributed Transaction Processing: The XCPI-C Specification Version 2
2019:
1996:
C. B. Taylor. X/Open and Open Systems. X/Open Company Limited, 1992.
1066:
1045:
806:
320:
X/Open Portability Guide Volume 1: XSI Commands and Utilities, 1989,
188:
1404:
X/Open CAE Specification Commands and Utilities, Issue 4, Version 2
708:"The Daemon, the GNU and the Penguin, Excursus: UUNET & Ch. 11"
496:
System Interfaces and Headers, Issue 4, Version 2, September 1994,
250:
Issue 1 was published as a single publication with multiple parts,
76:
60:
486:
System Interface Definitions, Issue 4, Version 2, September 1994,
712:
228:
144:
124:
72:
536:
File System Safe UCS Transformation Format (UTF-8), March 1995,
350:
X/Open Portability Guide Volume 4: Programming Languages, 1988,
295:
X/Open Portability Guide Volume 4: Programming Languages, 1987,
120:, Olivetti, Bull, Ericsson, Nixdorf, Philips, ICL, and Siemens.
1132:
1128:
Beginning Portable Shell Scripting: From Novice to Professional
827:
RESURRECTION, the Bulletin of the Computer Conservation Society
113:
391:
The XPG4 Base specification includes the following documents:
380:
X/Open Portability Guide Volume 7: Networking Services, 1988,
429:
The above three documents were published not under the label
236:
224:
204:
128:
2013:
556:
X.25 Programming Interface using XTI (XX25), November 1995,
526:
Data Management:SQL Call Level Interface (CLI), March 1995,
506:
Commands and Utilities, Issue 4, Version 2, September 1994,
370:
X/Open Portability Guide Volume 6: Window Management, 1988,
79:
joined in 1985, at which point the name X/Open was adopted.
1747:
Distributed Transaction Processing: The XATMI Specification
1698:
Distributed Transaction Processing: The TxRPC Specification
682:
High-Tech Europe: The Politics of International Cooperation
658:"Unix advancing in drive toward European market acceptance"
212:
32:
1920:
Data Management: Structured Query Language (SQL) Version 2
360:
X/Open Portability Guide Volume 5: Data Management, 1988,
305:
X/Open Portability Guide Volume 5: Data Management, 1987,
761:"The UNIX System -- History and Timeline -- UNIX History"
152:
132:
131:
from Europe; AT&T, Digital, Unisys, Hewlett-Packard,
93:
In 1987, X/Open was incorporated as X/Open Company, Ltd.
1158:
Distributed Transaction Processing: The XA Specification
441:
sees some use in reference to 1992 year of publication.
1208:
Systems Management: Management Protocol Profiles (XMPP)
802:"X/Open Makes Bid for Common Applications Environment"
35:
systems manufacturers in 1984 to identify and promote
1968:"EUUG 1985 Copenhagen Conference Technical Programme"
1453:
X/Open CAE Specification Networking Services, Issue 4
395:
System Interfaces and Headers (XSH), Issue 4, 1992,
173:, which was drawn from XPG4 Base and other sources.
417:System Interface Definitions (XBD), Issue 4, 1992,
1551:File System Safe UCS Transformation Format (UTF-8)
2033:
729:
476:X/Open DCE: Remote Procedure Call, August 1994,
851:"The name "UNIX" is now the property of X/Open"
1965:
1502:Data Management:SQL Call Level Interface (CLI)
516:Networking Services, Issue 4, September 1994,
86:, starting with Issue 1 in 1985, and later as
2052:Standards organisations in the United Kingdom
1062:"X/Open Seeks Accord Between OSF, UII, Japan"
1041:"X/Open Verification Branding Is Established"
787:Australian Unix systems User Group Newsletter
755:
753:
406:Commands and Utilities (XCU), Issue 4, 1992,
219:Communication, and the programming languages
83:
932:
799:
444:Further X/Open publications under the label
1649:X.25 Programming Interface using XTI (XX25)
912:(1 ed.). O'Reilly Media. p. 361.
316:Issue 3 was published in multiple volumes:
261:Issue 2 was published in multiple volumes:
194:
883:
750:
96:By March 1988, X/Open grew to 13 members:
82:The group published its specifications as
907:
789:. Vol. 8, no. 3–4. p. 158.
780:
674:
606:X/Open Curses, Issue 4, Version 2, 1996,
1070:. Vol. 11, no. 22. p. 41.
1059:
1049:. Vol. 10, no. 38. p. 42.
1038:
820:
810:. Vol. 10, no. 12. p. S9.
776:
774:
1124:
1091:. Vol. 5, no. 38. p. 59.
1039:Marshall, Martin (September 19, 1988).
998:
996:
994:
992:
800:Ackerman Jr., Robert (March 21, 1988).
2034:
848:
730:McKinnon, Linda; McKinnon, Al (2004).
655:
910:Designing Data-Intensive Applications
771:
725:
723:
702:
700:
698:
696:
989:
935:Life With UNIX: A Guide For Everyone
736:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 5.
187:X/Open was also responsible for the
1080:
933:Libes, Don; Ressler, Sandy (1989).
908:Kleppmann, Martin (April 2, 2017).
839:Contains more on history of X/Open.
203:, the guide has a wider scope than
13:
1459:. X/Open Company. September 1994.
1410:. X/Open Company. September 1994.
1361:. X/Open Company. September 1994.
1312:. X/Open Company. September 1994.
849:Karish, Chuck (October 12, 1993).
821:Pasquali, Virgilio (Summer 2005).
733:Installing and Administering Linux
720:
693:
67:—a group sometimes referred to as
14:
2078:
2007:
1871:X/Open Curses, Issue 4, Version 2
1802:. X/Open Company. November 1995.
1753:. X/Open Company. November 1995.
1704:. X/Open Company. November 1995.
1655:. X/Open Company. November 1995.
1257:X/Open DCE: Remote Procedure Call
1164:. X/Open Company. December 1991.
1060:Marshall, Martin (May 29, 1989).
972:X/Open Portability Guide, issue 1
656:Kornel, Amiel (3 February 1986).
439:X/Open Portability Guide, Issue 4
1214:. X/Open Company. October 1993.
1081:Cox, John (September 19, 1988).
176:In 1996, X/Open merged with the
1911:
1862:
1836:
1787:
1738:
1689:
1640:
1591:
1542:
1493:
1444:
1395:
1346:
1297:
1263:. X/Open Company. August 1994.
1248:
1199:
1149:
1118:
1095:
1074:
1053:
1032:
963:
926:
901:
891:"The Single UNIX Specification"
865:
783:"X/OPEN - What, Who, Why, When"
781:Tottenham, John (August 1987).
1926:. X/Open Company. March 1996.
1606:. X/Open Company. April 1995.
1557:. X/Open Company. March 1995.
1508:. X/Open Company. March 1995.
842:
814:
793:
687:University of California Press
668:
649:
596:X/Open Curses, Issue 4, 1995,
209:Common Application Environment
169:In 1994, X/Open published the
1:
642:
637:Joint Inter-Domain Management
201:System V Interface Definition
873:"Frequently Asked Questions"
31:founded by several European
23:and incorporated in 1987 as
7:
2047:Software engineering papers
1104:Standards Conformance Guide
630:
21:Open Group for Unix Systems
10:
2083:
675:Sandholtz, Wayne (1992).
241:Single UNIX Specification
171:Single UNIX Specification
19:group (also known as the
2026:X/Open Portability Guide
1877:. X/Open Company. 1996.
1848:. X/Open Company. 1995.
450:X/Open Portability Guide
446:X/Open CAE Specification
437:. Nonetheless, the term
431:X/Open Portability Guide
195:X/Open Portability Guide
178:Open Software Foundation
157:Open Software Foundation
88:X/Open CAE Specification
84:X/Open Portability Guide
1125:Seebach, Peter (2010).
975:. Elsevier. July 1985.
1845:X/Open Curses, Issue 4
41:information technology
1083:"X/Open to make mark"
155:from Japan; plus the
2057:Technology consortia
1966:Keld Jørn Simonsen.
1005:Referenced Documents
143:from North America;
25:X/Open Company, Ltd.
2042:History of software
947:1989lwug.book.....L
161:Unix International
1142:978-1-4302-1044-3
435:CAE Specification
45:operating systems
2074:
1986:
1958:
1957:
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1189:
1185:
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1175:
1163:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1114:. November 1995.
1112:Sun Microsystems
1109:
1099:
1093:
1092:
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1072:
1071:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1036:
1030:
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986:
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930:
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923:
905:
899:
898:
887:
881:
880:
869:
863:
862:
846:
840:
838:
823:"ICL and Europe"
818:
812:
811:
797:
791:
790:
778:
769:
768:
757:
748:
747:
727:
718:
717:
704:
691:
690:
672:
666:
665:
653:
110:Sun Microsystems
39:in the field of
2082:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2032:
2031:
2028:, issue 1, 1985
2010:
1962:
1961:
1949:
1948:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1900:
1899:
1890:
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1867:
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1841:
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1825:
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1810:
1799:
1793:
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1788:
1776:
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1750:
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1743:
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1726:
1717:
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1701:
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1200:
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1177:
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1161:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1135:. p. 163.
1123:
1119:
1107:
1101:
1100:
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1079:
1075:
1058:
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1021:
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721:
706:
705:
694:
673:
669:
654:
650:
645:
633:
197:
141:Apollo Computer
106:Hewlett-Packard
12:
11:
5:
2080:
2070:
2069:
2067:Unix standards
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2030:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2014:The Open Group
2009:
2008:External links
2006:
2005:
2004:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1960:
1959:
1950:|website=
1932:
1910:
1901:|website=
1883:
1861:
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1835:
1826:|website=
1808:
1786:
1777:|website=
1759:
1737:
1728:|website=
1710:
1688:
1679:|website=
1661:
1639:
1630:|website=
1612:
1590:
1581:|website=
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1541:
1532:|website=
1514:
1492:
1483:|website=
1465:
1443:
1434:|website=
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1394:
1385:|website=
1367:
1345:
1336:|website=
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1287:|website=
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1238:|website=
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1198:
1188:|website=
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1094:
1073:
1052:
1031:
988:
981:
962:
956:978-0135366578
955:
941:. p. 74.
925:
919:978-1449373320
918:
900:
882:
864:
841:
813:
792:
770:
749:
742:
719:
716:. 2 June 2005.
692:
667:
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604:
594:
584:
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534:
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514:
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494:
484:
474:
464:
433:but rather as
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358:
348:
338:
328:
314:
313:
303:
293:
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273:
196:
193:
182:The Open Group
137:Prime Computer
37:open standards
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2068:
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2055:
2053:
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2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2020:What is UNIX?
2018:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2003:
2002:1-872630-55-3
1999:
1995:
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1989:
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1933:1-85912-151-9
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1855:9781859120774
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1613:1-85912-094-6
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1564:1-85912-082-2
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