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in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.
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in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict,
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where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions, and a better grasp of wet objects. These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any
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Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers. Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers
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cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the
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when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent
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approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to
Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.
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Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered
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skin when immersed in water, causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called
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supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance.
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Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on
145:(SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression. As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.
80:. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors. In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through
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decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells. Tretinoin is better known by the
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Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia".
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improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips. However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.
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Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin. Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face;
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acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).
140:
Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep. They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying
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production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.
313:
for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical
218:
This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or
215:
decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.
231:
Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of
573:
Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of
Misrepairs in aging".
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Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of
Misrepair—a novel theory of aging".
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fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.
142:
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469:
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Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.).
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Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects".
672:
Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New
Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face".
594:
Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New
Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face".
552:
Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of
Misrepairs".
1088:
Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging".
31:
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17:
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807:"Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects"
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96:, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).
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The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as
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Looking Good, the
Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery
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Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the
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In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and
Pickering were studying patients with
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Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012).
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Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation".
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52:, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on
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Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013).
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damage, or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in
758:"Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects"
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Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling".
309:. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by
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243:, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for
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321:) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).
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Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging
886:"Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)"
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Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles
908:"Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction"
717:"Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?"
484:"Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging"
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Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines".
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72:, habitual sleeping positions, loss of body mass,
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1064:The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide
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119:A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles
30:"Wrinkles" redirects here. For other uses, see
906:Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003).
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206:research shows that wrinkling is related to
193:Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling
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1015:"Finger wrinkling after immersion in water"
998:H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007).
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324:Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received
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1067:. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84.
1013:G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980).
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84:(in particular through consumption of
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143:superficial musculoaponeurotic system
674:Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg
596:Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg
165:or water aging. This is a temporary
157:A wrinkled finger after a warm bath
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402:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018
303:protein produced by the bacterium
37:For the writer and filmmaker, see
27:Crease on otherwise smooth surface
25:
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431:. American Academy of Dermatology
423:American Academy of Dermatology.
259:A man receiving a botox injection
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1102:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x
651:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x
450:Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
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721:Brain, Behavior and Evolution
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293:and calcium hydroxylapatite.
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957:Clinical Autonomic Research
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227:Other animals with wrinkles
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460:Anderson, Laurence. 2006.
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969:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4
871:10.1101/2020.11.07.372631
686:10.1080/02844310410027257
608:10.1080/02844310410027257
149:Water-immersion wrinkling
111:Causes for aging wrinkles
32:Wrinkles (disambiguation)
888:. Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26
1019:British Medical Journal
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488:Dermato-Endocrinology
370:Wrinkly skin syndrome
306:Clostridium botulinum
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1002:. pp. 280–281.
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912:Muscle & Nerve
500:10.4161/derm.22876
277:glycosaminoglycans
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68:processes such as
48:, also known as a
1090:J Cosmet Dermatol
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1025:(6240): 586–587.
1000:Dermatotoxicology
925:10.1002/mus.10323
734:10.1159/000328223
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425:"Causes of Aging"
365:Injectable filler
16:(Redirected from
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319:torticollis
317:(spasmodic
90:tocopherols
86:carotenoids
1183:Categories
892:2019-04-30
762:Biol. Lett
580:1505.01376
559:1503.07163
376:References
301:neurotoxin
282:Hyaluronic
270:brand name
179:epithelial
94:flavonoids
1134:Neurology
538:0904.0575
272:Retin-A.
265:tretinoin
106:Skin fold
70:glycation
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354:See also
347:collagen
315:dystonia
311:Allergan
275:Topical
245:fighting
241:Shar Pei
239:and the
18:Wrinkles
1174:Medline
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866:bioRxiv
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819:Bibcode
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392:. 4.
299:is a
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