273:
305:
207:
241:
257:
225:
289:
853:
1741:
1762:
342:
842:
1751:
328:
490:
Standardised intervals are at 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500
77:
176:
information concerning the constituent data that the averages were produced from. These include fields such as the number of data points the average is derived from, their
1481:
304:
1471:
530:
36:
1792:
272:
240:
206:
1387:
256:
1754:
802:
570:
224:
288:
1034:
523:
924:
1629:
1056:
944:
470:
430:
377:
371:
184:. A lower horizontal resolution (5°) version of the WOA is also available. The WOA dataset is primarily available as
1476:
747:
934:
894:
365:
1664:
650:
1787:
1744:
1337:
516:
68:, 1982), with later editions at roughly four year intervals in 1998, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2013, 2018, and 2023.
792:
139:
852:
426:
989:
360:
92:
1524:
929:
889:
1654:
1029:
1019:
959:
595:
565:
32:
1691:
1674:
1511:
1004:
869:
807:
797:
690:
214:
96:
53:
1686:
1624:
1051:
737:
1797:
1519:
1501:
1009:
904:
539:
81:
1802:
1706:
1539:
1242:
1099:
964:
675:
8:
1701:
1586:
1581:
1307:
979:
939:
655:
172:
In addition to the averaged fields of ocean properties, the WOA also contains fields of
1644:
1357:
1347:
1312:
1212:
1197:
1094:
466:
400:
177:
166:
1716:
1659:
1639:
1322:
1287:
1222:
1202:
1192:
1074:
762:
620:
146:
48:
1681:
1649:
1619:
1428:
1413:
1282:
1217:
1109:
1024:
954:
879:
660:
630:
560:
555:
333:
185:
135:
1486:
1382:
1332:
1297:
1257:
1149:
1119:
969:
919:
829:
787:
720:
645:
605:
1596:
1591:
1496:
1491:
1327:
1267:
1262:
994:
884:
705:
640:
615:
181:
89:
841:
1781:
1766:
1614:
1534:
1423:
1342:
1317:
1252:
1182:
1089:
984:
861:
782:
742:
715:
625:
575:
347:
100:
40:
503:
1721:
1669:
1609:
1560:
1438:
1433:
1408:
1392:
1367:
1084:
974:
914:
700:
610:
585:
355:
154:
108:
104:
1711:
1443:
1372:
1237:
1177:
1144:
1134:
1129:
1014:
949:
909:
899:
874:
757:
730:
710:
670:
635:
162:
127:
61:
44:
508:
1529:
1377:
1352:
1247:
1227:
1154:
1139:
1124:
1114:
1079:
999:
819:
814:
777:
772:
767:
665:
173:
1761:
455:. NOAA/ERL GFDL Professional Paper 13, Princeton, N.J. p. 173 pp.
341:
1601:
1463:
1448:
1362:
1207:
1046:
1041:
824:
752:
680:
600:
590:
547:
150:
1696:
1418:
1277:
1169:
1159:
1104:
580:
131:
161:. Early editions of the WOA additionally included fields such as
1565:
1555:
725:
695:
158:
143:
1272:
685:
192:
119:
111:
76:
The World Ocean Atlas (WOA) is based on profile data from the
1634:
1453:
1232:
1187:
188:
123:
85:
57:
1066:
115:
28:
64:. It was first produced in 1994 (based on the earlier
118:
resolution, averaged fields are produced for annual,
323:
504:
NODC Ocean
Climate Laboratory datasets and products
80:The fields that make up the WOA dataset consist of
1482:North West Shelf Operational Oceanographic System
1779:
1472:Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis
37:National Centers for Environmental Information
524:
126:time-scales. The WOA fields include ocean
531:
517:
538:
453:Climatological Atlas of the World Ocean
450:
66:Climatological Atlas of the World Ocean
1780:
803:one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations
512:
1750:
395:
393:
78:World Ocean Database (WOD) Project.
13:
1793:National Oceanographic Data Center
1630:National Oceanographic Data Center
1057:World Ocean Circulation Experiment
945:Global Ocean Data Analysis Project
471:National Oceanographic Data Center
431:National Oceanographic Data Center
378:World Ocean Circulation Experiment
372:Global Ocean Data Analysis Project
14:
1814:
1477:Global Sea Level Observing System
497:
390:
1760:
1749:
1740:
1739:
935:Geochemical Ocean Sections Study
851:
840:
366:Geochemical Ocean Sections Study
340:
326:
303:
287:
271:
255:
239:
223:
205:
195:version has also been produced.
1665:Ocean thermal energy conversion
1388:Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis
427:"World Ocean Atlas 1994 series"
484:
459:
444:
419:
107:from the surface (0 m) to the
1:
384:
925:El Niño–Southern Oscillation
895:Craik–Leibovich vortex force
651:Luke's variational principle
7:
319:
312:apparent oxygen utilization
140:apparent oxygen utilisation
16:Dataset of ocean properties
10:
1819:
990:Ocean dynamical thermostat
838:
361:European Atlas of the Seas
314:at 1000 m depth (WOA 2009)
198:
71:
43:). The WOA consists of a
1735:
1574:
1548:
1525:Ocean acoustic tomography
1510:
1462:
1401:
1338:Mohorovičić discontinuity
1296:
1168:
1065:
930:General circulation model
860:
566:Benjamin–Feir instability
546:
99:, and data are typically
1655:Ocean surface topography
1030:Thermohaline circulation
1020:Subsurface ocean current
960:Hydrothermal circulation
793:Wave–current interaction
571:Boussinesq approximation
294:Annual mean sea surface
278:Annual mean sea surface
262:Annual mean sea surface
246:Annual mean sea surface
230:Annual mean sea surface
33:Ocean Climate Laboratory
1692:Sea surface temperature
1675:Outline of oceanography
870:Atmospheric circulation
808:shallow water equations
798:Waves and shallow water
691:Significant wave height
215:sea surface temperature
191:, but since WOA 2005 a
114:(5500 m). In terms of
1687:Sea surface microlayer
1052:Wind generated current
1788:Chemical oceanography
1520:Deep scattering layer
1502:World Geodetic System
1010:Princeton Ocean Model
890:Coriolis–Stokes force
540:Physical oceanography
103:onto 33 standardised
1540:Underwater acoustics
1100:Perigean spring tide
965:Langmuir circulation
676:Rossby-gravity waves
451:Levitus, S. (1982).
1702:Science On a Sphere
1308:Convergent boundary
980:Modular Ocean Model
940:Geostrophic current
656:Mild-slope equation
467:"World Ocean Atlas"
60:properties for the
1358:Seafloor spreading
1348:Outer trench swell
1313:Divergent boundary
1213:Continental margin
1198:Carbonate platform
1095:Lunitidal interval
178:standard deviation
167:sea surface height
105:vertical intervals
93:spatial resolution
1775:
1774:
1767:Oceans portal
1727:World Ocean Atlas
1717:Underwater glider
1660:Ocean temperature
1323:Hydrothermal vent
1288:Submarine volcano
1223:Continental shelf
1203:Coastal geography
1193:Bathymetric chart
1075:Amphidromic point
763:Wave nonlinearity
621:Infragravity wave
405:World Ocean Atlas
163:mixed layer depth
147:oxygen saturation
97:three-dimensional
95:. The fields are
21:World Ocean Atlas
1810:
1765:
1764:
1753:
1752:
1743:
1742:
1682:Pelagic sediment
1620:Marine pollution
1414:Deep ocean water
1283:Submarine canyon
1218:Continental rise
1110:Rule of twelfths
1025:Sverdrup balance
955:Humboldt Current
880:Boundary current
855:
844:
661:Radiation stress
631:Iribarren number
606:Equatorial waves
561:Ballantine scale
556:Airy wave theory
533:
526:
519:
510:
509:
492:
488:
482:
481:
479:
478:
463:
457:
456:
448:
442:
441:
439:
438:
423:
417:
416:
414:
412:
397:
350:
345:
344:
336:
334:Geography portal
331:
330:
329:
307:
291:
275:
259:
248:dissolved oxygen
243:
227:
209:
136:dissolved oxygen
1818:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1759:
1731:
1570:
1544:
1506:
1487:Sea-level curve
1458:
1397:
1383:Transform fault
1333:Mid-ocean ridge
1299:
1292:
1258:Oceanic plateau
1164:
1150:Tidal resonance
1120:Theory of tides
1061:
970:Longshore drift
920:Ekman transport
856:
850:
849:
848:
847:
846:
845:
836:
788:Wave turbulence
721:Trochoidal wave
646:Longshore drift
542:
537:
500:
495:
489:
485:
476:
474:
465:
464:
460:
449:
445:
436:
434:
425:
424:
420:
410:
408:
401:"ncei.noaa.gov"
399:
398:
391:
387:
346:
339:
332:
327:
325:
322:
315:
308:
299:
292:
283:
276:
267:
260:
251:
244:
235:
228:
219:
210:
201:
74:
31:product of the
17:
12:
11:
5:
1816:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1757:
1747:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1707:Stratification
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1599:
1597:Color of water
1594:
1592:Benthic lander
1589:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1497:Sea level rise
1494:
1492:Sea level drop
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1328:Marine geology
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1268:Passive margin
1265:
1263:Oceanic trench
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
995:Ocean dynamics
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
885:Coriolis force
882:
877:
872:
866:
864:
858:
857:
839:
837:
835:
834:
833:
832:
822:
817:
812:
811:
810:
805:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
734:
733:
723:
718:
713:
708:
706:Stokes problem
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
641:Kinematic wave
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
552:
550:
544:
543:
536:
535:
528:
521:
513:
507:
506:
499:
498:External links
496:
494:
493:
483:
473:. 16 June 2021
458:
443:
418:
407:. 16 June 2021
388:
386:
383:
382:
381:
375:
369:
363:
358:
352:
351:
337:
321:
318:
317:
316:
309:
302:
300:
293:
286:
284:
277:
270:
268:
261:
254:
252:
245:
238:
236:
229:
222:
220:
211:
204:
200:
197:
182:standard error
73:
70:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1815:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1748:
1746:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1615:Marine energy
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:Acidification
1580:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:SOFAR channel
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1343:Oceanic crust
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1318:Fracture zone
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1253:Oceanic basin
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1183:Abyssal plain
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1090:Internal tide
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
985:Ocean current
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
865:
863:
859:
854:
843:
831:
828:
827:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
809:
806:
804:
801:
800:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
783:Wave shoaling
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
743:Ursell number
741:
739:
736:
732:
729:
728:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
626:Internal wave
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
576:Breaking wave
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
551:
549:
545:
541:
534:
529:
527:
522:
520:
515:
514:
511:
505:
502:
501:
487:
472:
468:
462:
454:
447:
432:
428:
422:
406:
402:
396:
394:
389:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
353:
349:
348:Oceans portal
343:
338:
335:
324:
313:
306:
301:
297:
290:
285:
281:
274:
269:
265:
258:
253:
249:
242:
237:
233:
226:
221:
217:
216:
208:
203:
202:
196:
194:
190:
187:
183:
179:
175:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
69:
67:
63:
59:
56:
55:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
1798:Oceanography
1726:
1722:Water column
1670:Oceanography
1645:Observations
1640:Explorations
1610:Marginal sea
1603:
1561:OSTM/Jason-2
1393:Volcanic arc
1368:Slab suction
1085:Head of tide
975:Loop Current
915:Ekman spiral
701:Stokes drift
611:Gravity wave
586:Cnoidal wave
486:
475:. Retrieved
461:
452:
446:
435:. Retrieved
433:. 2008-08-29
421:
409:. Retrieved
404:
356:CORA dataset
311:
310:Annual mean
295:
280:silicic acid
279:
263:
247:
231:
213:
212:Annual mean
171:
155:silicic acid
101:interpolated
75:
65:
52:
24:
20:
18:
1803:World Ocean
1712:Thermocline
1429:Mesopelagic
1402:Ocean zones
1373:Slab window
1238:Hydrography
1178:Abyssal fan
1145:Tidal range
1135:Tidal power
1130:Tidal force
1015:Rip current
950:Gulf Stream
910:Ekman layer
900:Downwelling
875:Baroclinity
862:Circulation
758:Wave height
748:Wave action
731:megatsunami
711:Stokes wave
671:Rossby wave
636:Kelvin wave
616:Green's law
174:statistical
128:temperature
82:objectively
62:World Ocean
45:climatology
1782:Categories
1650:Reanalysis
1549:Satellites
1530:Sofar bomb
1378:Subduction
1353:Ridge push
1248:Ocean bank
1228:Contourite
1155:Tide gauge
1140:Tidal race
1125:Tidal bore
1115:Slack tide
1080:Earth tide
1000:Ocean gyre
820:Wind setup
815:Wind fetch
778:Wave setup
773:Wave radar
768:Wave power
666:Rogue wave
596:Dispersion
477:2023-01-14
437:2008-10-22
385:References
298:(WOA 2009)
282:(WOA 2009)
266:(WOA 2009)
250:(WOA 2009)
234:(WOA 2009)
218:(WOA 2009)
186:compressed
88:grids at 1
84:-analysed
1512:Acoustics
1464:Sea level
1363:Slab pull
1300:tectonics
1208:Cold seep
1170:Landforms
1047:Whirlpool
1042:Upwelling
825:Wind wave
753:Wave base
681:Sea state
601:Edge wave
591:Cross sea
368:(GEOSECS)
264:phosphate
151:phosphate
1745:Category
1697:Seawater
1424:Littoral
1419:Deep sea
1278:Seamount
1160:Tideline
1105:Rip tide
1035:shutdown
1005:Overflow
738:Undertow
581:Clapotis
411:June 10,
374:(GLODAP)
320:See also
232:salinity
132:salinity
120:seasonal
116:temporal
112:seafloor
1755:Commons
1625:Mooring
1575:Related
1566:Jason-3
1556:Jason-1
1439:Pelagic
1434:Oceanic
1409:Benthic
726:Tsunami
696:Soliton
296:nitrate
199:Gallery
159:nitrate
144:percent
142:(AOU),
124:monthly
109:abyssal
72:Dataset
54:in situ
35:of the
27:) is a
1444:Photic
1273:Seabed
686:Seiche
380:(WOCE)
193:netCDF
157:, and
86:global
49:fields
1635:Ocean
1604:Alvin
1454:Swash
1298:Plate
1243:Knoll
1233:Guyot
1188:Atoll
1067:Tides
830:model
716:Swell
548:Waves
189:ASCII
58:ocean
1602:DSV
1587:Argo
1449:Surf
905:Eddy
413:2024
180:and
165:and
122:and
41:U.S.
29:data
19:The
51:of
47:of
25:WOA
1784::
469:.
429:.
403:.
392:^
169:.
153:,
149:,
138:,
134:,
130:,
532:e
525:t
518:v
491:m
480:.
440:.
415:.
90:°
39:(
23:(
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