World Jewish Congress

443: 2392: 2366:. Williamson, in an interview with Swedish television, had denied the existence of gas chambers in Nazi concentration camps. Lauder said: "The Vatican was badly advised to revoke the excommunication of the four bishops ... Therefore, we call on Pope Benedict XVI to urgently address these concerns and to ensure that the achievements of four decades of Catholic-Jewish dialogue are not being damaged by a small minority of people who want to divide rather than unite." Lauder later praised Benedict XVI for writing a personal letter to Catholic bishops in which the Pope explained himself. "The Pope has found clear and unequivocal words regarding Bishop Williamson's Holocaust denial, and he deserves praise for admitting that mistakes were made within the Vatican in the handling of this affair," the WJC president was quoted as saying. 161: 1687: 1058: 526: 1462:

account balances indefinitely. The claims also included the value of art works purported to have been stolen, "damages" to persons denied admission to Switzerland on the strength of refugee applications, and the value or cost of labor purported to have been performed by persons being maintained at Swiss government expense in displaced-person camps during the Holocaust, along with interest on such claims from the time of loss. The WJC marshaled the support of US government officials including New York Senator Alfonse D'Amato, who held hearings of the Senate Banking Committee on the topic and claimed that "hundreds of millions of dollars" of WWII-era Jewish assets remained in Swiss banks. At the behest of US President

2173:, who had penned a newspaper column referring to Roma as "cowardly, repulsive, noxious animals" that are "unfit to live among people" and "shouldn't be allowed to exist." Lauder said "such words are reminiscent of the darkest era in European history" and concluded that "Hungary's international reputation has suffered in recent years" not because it was being "smeared by the foreign press" but rather due to extremists in the Jobbik party. "Jobbik is dragging the good name of Hungary through the mud," Lauder said. On the eve of the WJC assembly in Budapest, about 700 Jobbik supporters held a demonstration in downtown Budapest where they railed against "Zionists who had subjugated the indigenous people of Hungary." 1280: 967: 2244: 2102: 1567: 1394:). According to its website, the WRJO's mission is to consult and negotiate "with national and local governments to conclude agreements and ensure legislation concerning the restitution of property to the Jewish people", to conduct "research on Jewish property in national and local archives and to establish a central data bank in which information on Jewish communal property will be recorded and assembled, and to allocate "funds for the preservation of Jewish cultural and educational projects in that country. To date, such funds have been establishes in Poland, Romania and Hungary." Current World Jewish Congress President 2758: 2688:. Ronald Lauder said Rogge's stance was "unfeeling" and "completely out of touch." He added: "Forty years after the saddest moment in Olympic history – when eleven Israeli athletes and sports officials and a German police officer were killed by Palestinian terrorists – it would have been an excellent opportunity to show to everyone that the sports world stands united against terrorism ... Nobody wants to 'politicize' the Olympic Games, as the IOC seems to suggest, but Baron Rogge and his colleagues on the IOC Executive have utterly failed – or refused – to grasp the importance of such a symbolic act." 2958: 1555:, the Euro-Asian Jewish Congress (working in Russia, Ukraine etc.), and the WJC Israel. Besides that, Jewish umbrella organizations in 100 countries are directly affiliated to the World Jewish Congress. Its highest decision-making body is the Plenary Assembly, which meets every four years and elects the lay leadership (executive committee) of the WJC. In between plenary assemblies, meetings of the WJC Governing Board are normally held once a year. Affiliated Jewish organizations send delegates to these two WJC bodies; their number depends on the size of the Jewish communities they represent. 1182: 2531:, "a comprehensive weekly publication disseminated via the internet to most members of the US Congress and government, United Nations missions, foreign diplomats, European Union officials, and Israeli policymakers, in addition to Jewish communities worldwide." The publication focused on exposing Iran's ongoing pursuit of a nuclear capability, domestic Iranian politics, Iranian foreign policy in the Middle East and internationally, Israeli policy vis-à-vis Iran and the efforts of worldwide Jewish communities in combating Iranian Holocaust-denial and nuclear proliferation. 2912: 734: 1054:

George Marshall: "Between 800,000 and a million Jews in the Middle East and North Africa, exclusive of Palestine, are in 'the greatest danger of destruction' at the hands of Muslims being incited to holy war over the Partition of Palestine ... Acts of violence already perpetrated, together with those contemplated, being clearly aimed at the total destruction of the Jews, constitute genocide, which under the resolutions of the General Assembly is a crime against humanity." The United States, however, did not take any follow-up action to investigate these pleadings.

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openly and through the use of informers. As a result of the persecution, both state-sponsored and unofficial, anti-Semitism became deeply ingrained in the society and remained a fact for years. The Soviet media, when depicting political events, sometimes used the term 'fascism' to characterize Israeli nationalism. Jews often suffered hardships, epitomized by often not being allowed to enlist in universities, work in certain professions, or participate in government. Many Jews felt compelled to hide their identities by changing their names.

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took place, these should be returned to their former owners, or adequate compensation should be paid. Jews remaining in Arab lands, as well as other religious minorities, should be granted religious freedom and allowed to practice their faith according to their traditions. Jewish communal sites in Arab countries must be preserved and respected." The WJC believes that the plight of the Jewish refugees from Arab lands has been neglected for decades by the international community, including governments and international organizations.

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government and the WJC worked to have Auschwitz placed on the UNESCO World Heritage list as site of genocide. The organization repeatedly pressed Poland to ensure that in Auschwitz and other Nazi German death camp sites, the memory of the Jews who had been the main victims, would not be subsumed in collective memory. As such, at the end of the 1980s, the organization was deeply involved in the struggle to have the Carmelite convent that had been established on its ground removed. Rabbi

2966: 290:. In December 1917, the AJC adopted a resolution calling for the "convening of a World Jewish Congress", "as soon as peace is declared among the warring nations" in Europe. In 1923, Motzkin visited the United States and addressed the AJC Executive Committee, "pleading for a World Conference of Jews to discuss the conditions of Jews in various lands and to devise ways and means for effective protection of Jewish rights". Conferences co-organized by Motzkin and the AJC leaders 1436: 10482: 320:

their own power with the assistance of such enlightened sections of the world which had not yet been saturated with poisonous anti-Semitism. It added: "The World Jewish Congress does not aim at weakening any existing organizations, but rather to support and stimulate them." The new organization would be based on the "concept of the Jewish people as a national entity, and authorized and obligated to deal with all problems affecting Jewish life".

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diplomatic and legal record straight. Lasting peace can only be built on historical facts – both the issues of the Jewish refugees and the Palestinian refugees must be addressed." Lauder said that "only addressing the historical facts" could help to bring about peace. At the Jerusalem conference, a joint declaration was adopted calling on the United Nations to place the issue of Jewish refugees on its agenda and that of its affiliated forums.

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that "the distribution of any compensation monies should not be handled by the WJC. The WJC does not seek any form of commission or gratification payments from Holocaust-era compensation or restitution agreements." WJC leaders have in particular urged the Polish government to come up with a restitution law for looted private properties, but Warsaw in March 2011 announced that this was impossible due to the current economic situation.

1790:: "Israel needs real guarantees for its security. European NATO member states – including Turkey – must admit the state of Israel into the Western alliance," the WJC president wrote. He referred to the uprisings in Egypt and Tunisia and said they were reminders of how "unpredictable" developments in the Middle East were. Israeli NATO membership "would send a strong signal to other countries not to take on Israel", Lauder argued. 1821: 687:

gratitude of the gathering to the Vatican and to the Governments of Spain, Sweden and Switzerland for the protection they offered under difficult conditions to the persecuted Jews in German-dominated Europe. At the same time, it expressed regret at the fact that 'deplorably little has been done to have Axis civilians under the power of the United Nations exchanged for Jews in ghettos, internment, concentration and labor camps.'

10471: 1539:, then chairman of the WJC Art Recovery Commission, estimated that 110,000 pieces of art worth between US$ 10 and 30 billion were still missing. In 2000, the World Jewish Congress criticized museums for waiting for artworks to be claimed by Holocaust victims instead of publicly announcing that they have suspect items. In the wake of the WJC accusations, a number of countries commissioned investigations into Nazi-looted art. 353: 2727:, reportedly found that "over the years $ 3.8 million 'disappeared' from the bank accounts" and that there were "significant un-reconciled cash withdrawals where there is no documentation of the usage of the funds." In January 2006, an investigation by the Office of the NY State Attorney General into the matter found no evidence of criminal conduct on the part of the WJC. Furthermore, the report of Attorney General 10492: 2129:, xenophobia and intolerance are unacceptable and have to be condemned, and the full force of the law needs to be applied to those who are a danger to democracy liberty and Jewish communities. Marches by extremist, anti-Semitic groups should be banned where national laws provide for such a possibility. Governments and political leaders should condemn such events and work together with local Jewish communities." 29: 1777:, assembled in New York to lobby the international community against allowing the Palestinian Authority's unilateral move to become a full member of the United Nations and bypass negotiations with Israel. At a dinner hosted by WJC President Lauder, the delegation of Jewish parliamentarians engaged in an open discussion with UN ambassadors from key countries including Germany, France, Poland and Russia. 246:

onslaught", to "fight for equal political and economic rights everywhere, and particularly for the Jewish minorities in Central and Eastern Europe", to support the establishment of a "Jewish National Home in Palestine" and to create "a worldwide Jewish representative body based on the concept of the unity of the Jewish people, democratically organized and able to act on matters of common concern".

1643:. Initiated in February 2006 by the WJC, it consists of about 300 members, known as Jewish Diplomats (JDs), aged 27 to 45 from more than 50 countries, who are already accomplished professionals. It was turned independent in 2009 by cofounders Adam H. Koffler and Peleg Reshef. At the end of 2021, a delegation of 40 young diplomats from the WJC visited the United Arab Emirates. 1041:, arrived in Moscow to discuss the matter with Soviet government ministers, though officials swiftly denied that the USSR had agreed to an increase in Jewish emigration and had invited an Israeli delegation to visit Moscow. Nonetheless, the visits by WJC officials to Moscow were widely seen as helpful in securing the exit permits for prominent Jews in the Soviet Union. 2038:

told the news agency Associated Press that "I think the people who are saying that haven't got the power to say these things." Asked if the WJC was influential, Ecclestone said: "It's a pity they didn't sort the banks out" and "They have a lot of influence everywhere." After a public outcry, Ecclestone apologized for his remarks and said he had "been an idiot."

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This is a newer, American-style leadership — less timid, more forceful, unashamedly Jewish." Bronfman led the World Jewish Congress in becoming the preeminent Jewish organization. He broadened its organizational base by bringing in new member communities in Europe. Through campaigns to free Soviet Jewry, the exposure of the Nazi past of Austrian President

1089:, a 1959 WJC report concluded that in spite of repeated assurances by the new government that Jewish rights would be safeguarded, "internal political conflicts have obstructed a solution" to the problem that Moroccan Jews willing to leave the country were denied passports by the authorities. In 1959, Morocco became a member of the 1116:, delivered an address titled, 'Germans and Jews – A Problem Unresolved' to the Fifth Plenary Assembly in Brussels, Belgium, becoming the first senior German politician to address a WJC conference, which caused some controversy within the WJC. Some delegates from Israel boycotted the session with Gerstenmaier in protest. 1006:

public figures throughout the West, who considered the Soviet Union's policy toward Jews to be in violation of basic human and civil rights such as freedom of immigration, freedom of religion, and the freedom to study one's own language, culture and heritage. "You have no choice but to release Soviet Jewry," US President

1483:. The Volcker Commission report concluded that the 1999 book value of all dormant accounts possibly belonging to victims of Nazi persecution that were unclaimed, closed by the Nazis or closed by unknown persons was CHF 95 million. Of this total, CHF 24 million were "probably" related to victims of Nazi persecution. 2590:

allowed to enter major international events such as next year's Olympic Games in London", Lauder said. The WJC reiterated its position when in May 2012 Iranian President Ahmadinejad announced plans to attend the London Olympics. Ahmadinejad has "no business" attending the London Olympic Games this summer, the

804:, the Jewish community in British Mandatory Palestine, was represented at the First Plenary Assembly of the WJC in 1936, which affirmed in a resolution "the determination of the Jewish people to live in peaceful cooperation with their Arab neighbors on the basis of mutual respect for the rights of each". 1672:), the WJC Economic Department prepared a study on the legislation and proposed various relief measures that could be instituted. The WJC also intervened to ensure that Polish Jews deported from Germany at the end of October 1938 and stranded in Zbaszyn would be allowed to resettle elsewhere in Poland. 2746:

during the Attorney General's inquiry, in March 2007 Bronfman abruptly announced his firing. He accused Singer of "'help himself to cash from the WJC office, my cash." However, internal WJC documents seemed to suggest that a friction had developed between Singer and Bronfman over Singer's position on

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continues to be on the World Jewish Congress agenda today. The WJC website states that "The plight of Jews who fled from, or still live in, Arab lands and their specific concerns are not well-known and need to be raised with governments and international organizations. Where illegal seizure of assets

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in all its forms. Its stated policy on this issue is: "Governments and international organizations need to provide adequate resources for the fight against hatred, notably by providing security to Jewish communities and by improving education. Laws against anti-Semitism and other forms of racism need

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and the ways in which Poles and Jews have confronted their common history. Moreover, the Israel Council on Foreign Relations, which operates under the auspices of the World Jewish Congress, together with the Polish Institute for International Affairs, held two successive conferences (one in Warsaw in

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In 1998, the WJC released a list of 2,000 people who allegedly took part in the Nazis' massive looting of art. It named people from 11 countries, including museum curators, gallery owners, art experts and other intermediaries. A few weeks later, in Washington DC, delegates from 44 countries agreed to

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In 1997, a study commissioned by the World Jewish Congress concluded that Nazi Germany had looted at least US$ 8.5 billion in gold between 1933 and 1945 from Jews and other victims. The study estimated that a third of the gold had come from individuals and private businesses rather than central banks

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In view of the ongoing international controversy, the Austrian government decided to appoint an international committee of historians to examine Waldheim's life between 1938 and 1945. Their report found no evidence of any personal involvement of Waldheim in those crimes. At the same time, although he

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During the later part of the Cold War, Soviet Jews were suspected of being traitors, Western sympathizers, or security liabilities. The Communist leadership closed down various Jewish organizations and declared Zionism an ideological enemy. Synagogues were often placed under police surveillance, both

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Subsequent to these agreements, the Claims Conference continued to negotiate with the German government for amendments to the various legislative commitments and monitored the implementation of the various compensation and restitution laws. According to the Claims Conference, more than 278,000 Jewish

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in August 1936 as an international federation of Jewish communities and organizations. According to its mission statement, the World Jewish Congress's main purpose is to act as "the diplomatic arm of the Jewish people". Membership in the WJC is open to all representative Jewish groups or communities,

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instructed Israeli diplomats around the world to raise the matter in all official government meetings and with parliamentarians. According to figures provided by the Israeli Foreign Ministry, approximately 850,000 Jews from Arab states across the Middle East left their native countries following the

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in a newspaper interview and said that Hitler "got things done." Lauder said someone with Ecclestone's views should not be allowed to run such an important and popular racing series. He urged Formula One teams, drivers and host countries to suspend their cooperation with him. In reaction, Ecclestone

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The WJC says that it lobbies international organizations, notably the United Nations, to ensure that governments "apply the same standards to Israel when judging its actions compared with those of other countries". The WJC states on its website that "Israel should not be singled out for criticism by

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The WJC has evinced a great interest in Poland, both before the war, when the country was home to some 3.25 million Jews (10 percent of that country's total population, forming the largest Jewish community in Europe); and in the post-war period, when the Jewish community was reconstituted. In second

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A special meeting of the Plenary Assembly, attended by over 400 delegates and observers from over 70 countries, was held in Buenos Aires in March 2015. The last regular plenary assembly was held In New York in April 2017, and prior to that in Budapest in May 2013, with 600 delegates and observers in

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admitted in 1997 that personal gold seized by the Nazis was melted into gold bars after the war and then shipped as gold bullion to the central banks of four European countries. In 1996, Sweden also opened an investigation into assertions by the World Jewish Congress that looted Nazi gold from World

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In 1987, the World Jewish Congress held a meeting of its executive committee in Budapest, Hungary, the first WJC gathering in Communist Eastern Europe since the end of World War II. The Hungarian government had accepted that there would to be no restrictions to the attendance of Israeli delegates or

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and the West German federal government signed an agreement embodied in two protocols. Protocol No. 1 called for the enactment of laws that would compensate Nazi victims directly for indemnification and restitution claims arising from Nazi persecution. Under Protocol No. 2, the West German government

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to acknowledge responsibility and liability of the German people for the wrongs inflicted on the Jewish people by the Nazi regime. In 1950, the WJC opened an office in Frankfurt to function as a "listening post" on developments in Germany. In representations to the United States, Britain and France,

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received WJC Secretary General Leon Kubowitzki in audience, who recounted to the pope the "great losses" suffered by the Jews during the war and expressed gratitude for what the church had done to help "our persecuted people". Kubowitzki suggested a papal encyclical on the Catholic Church's attitude

637:) is an adventurer and does not represent "organized Jewry". He pleaded to either deport or draft Hillel Kook in order to stop his activism, which organized Jewry strongly opposed. Eleanor Roosevelt, many from Hollywood and Broadway and many in Congress supported the Bergson Group, including Senator 462:

Under the auspices of the WJC, 18 committees were set up in the United States composed of exiled representatives of the different European Jewish communities under Nazi rule. The committees were modeled on the governments-in-exile, and their task was to provide moral and material support for Jews in

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The WJC's initial priorities included safeguarding Jewish minority rights, combating anti-Semitism in Europe, and providing emergency relief to Jews fleeing Nazi persecution. The WJC also concentrated on security for Jewish refugees and victims of the war. In 1939, the World Jewish Congress set up a

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assailed German Jews for opposing the WJC. He said: "I must make clear that the congress is not a parliament nor an attempt at a parliament. It is nothing more than an assembly of representatives of those Jewries which choose to associate themselves in defense of Jewish rights. The congress will not

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The World Jewish Congress's expressed goal was Jewish unity and the strengthening of Jewish political influence in order to assure the survival of the Jewish people, which involved the creation of a Jewish state. 230 delegates representing 32 countries gathered for the first WJC assembly. Addressing

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The conference approved plans to set up the new organization in 1934, with headquarters in New York and European offices in Berlin, Germany. In a manifesto, delegates called upon the Jewish people to unite as the only effective means of averting danger. The Jews, the declaration said, had to rely on

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had issued a statement urging IOC officials to ban Iran from participating in the Olympic Games, citing Iranian athletes' refusal to compete against Israeli athletes. "It is high time that a strong signal is sent to Iran that unless this long-standing boycott is lifted, Iranian athletes will not be

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Further to the WJC's and other international organizations' calls, representatives of many Western countries either did not show up or walked out of the conference chamber when Iranian President Ahmadinejad attacked Israel in his speech to the Durban Review Conference in Geneva in April 2009 and to

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with Iran. Bronfman was a member of the DuPont board of directors. The deal would have been the first major investment by an oil company in Iran since 1979, when the United States broke off trade with the country after the seizure of the US Embassy in Teheran by Islamic militants. Two months later,

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The World Jewish Congress has repeatedly called for the prosecution of presumed Nazi war criminals. WJC President Ronald S. Lauder said in 2011: "There must never be impunity or closure for those who were involved in mass murder and genocide, irrespective of their age". The WJC would persist in its

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Standing alone amongst all major Jewish organizations, World Jewish Congress President Ronald Lauder backed Donald Trump's decision to omit any mention of Jews in his 2017 Holocaust commemoration statement. Lauder contended that other Jewish groups were "play politics" and engaging in "manufactured

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The commission recommended that for settlement purposes, the book values should be modified back to 1945 values (by adding back fees paid and subtracting interest) and then be multiplied by 10 to reflect average long-term investment rates in Switzerland. On 12 August 1998, several major Swiss banks

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During the mid-1980s, the World Jewish Congress also entered into diplomatic talks with several Central and Eastern European countries, notably Communist East Germany, whose leadership the WJC urged to recognize its obligations to Jewish victims of Nazi Germany. In February 1990, GDR Prime Minister

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in 1983), and Executive Director Elan Steinberg, the WJC adopted a more aggressive style. Steinberg characterized the change as follows: "For a long time, the World Jewish Congress was meant to be the greatest secret of Jewish life, because the nature of diplomacy after the war was quiet diplomacy.

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To emphasize its solidarity with the State of Israel, the WJC held its Sixth Plenary Assembly in 1975 for the first time in Jerusalem, and with one exception, all plenary assemblies have since been held there. The delegates also adopted new statutes and a new structure for the organization, and the

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In the aftermath of World War II and the establishment of the State of Israel, the World Jewish Congress was actively involved in assisting Jews in Arab and other Muslim countries, who had come under increasing pressure. In January 1948, WJC President Stephen Wise, appealed to US Secretary of State

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on human rights, respect its own constitution and laws and "recognize and respect the right of Jews in the USSR to be united with their brethren in the Land of Israel, the Jewish historic homeland". Under the motto, 'Let my people go!, the Soviet Jewry movement caught the attention of statesmen and

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during their visit to London, and a year later the World Jewish Congress Executive launched a worldwide call to attention regarding the plight of Jews in the Soviet Union and other Communist countries. This resulted in a growing international campaign for their cultural and religious rights and for

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After a study it became apparent that such an operation could be executed only by the diversion of considerable air support essential to the success of our forces now engaged in decisive operations elsewhere and would in any case be of such doubtful efficacy that it would not warrant the use of our

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After two more preparatory conferences in 1933 and 1934, the First Plenary Assembly, held in Geneva in August 1936, established the World Jewish Congress as a permanent and democratic organization. Elections for delegates to that assembly had to be according to democratic principles, namely secret,

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to Tehran, where she met with Ahmadinejad mainly to help a Swiss company secure a multibillion-dollar contract to buy natural gas from Iran. Lauder told a press conference in Bern: "Maybe that money that Switzerland is paying to Iran will some day be used to either buy weapons to kill Israelis, or

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In his speech to WJC delegates, Orbán condemned the rise in anti-Semitism in Hungary and in Europe more widely. He called it a danger that "threatens even us Christians" and voiced determination to stamp it out. The WJC said in reaction that Orbán had not confronted the true nature of the problem.

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who had "revived anti-Semitic canards such as Jewish control of the media" and suggested that Israel's Mossad could have been behind the 2011 "massacres in Norway committed by Anders Breivik" in which 77 people died. Lauder declared: "There is a growing tendency to blame the Jews for all evil that

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from the United States to Germany, where he was wanted on charges of aiding to kill at least 27,900 Jews at the Sobibor death camp during World War II. Demjanjuk's trial and conviction by a Munich court in May 2011 was hailed by the organization. It declared: "Belatedly, justice has now been done,

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The mission statement of the World Jewish Congress says that the organization seeks "to enhance solidarity among Jewish communities throughout the world and, recognizing the centrality of the State of Israel to contemporary Jewish identity, to strengthen the bonds of Jewish communities and Jews in

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In the late 1990s, as President of the WJC, Edgar Bronfman championed the cause of restitution from Switzerland for Holocaust survivors. Bronfman began an initiative that led to the $ 1.25 billion settlement from Swiss banks, aiming to resolve claims "that the Swiss hoarded bank accounts opened by

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was met with disbelief despite preexisting evidence for mass executions. The US State Department considered it "a wild rumor, fueled by Jewish anxieties", while the British Foreign Office refused to forward the telegram for the time being and called for the allegations to be investigated first. It

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Some of the personnel who worked in the WJC's European offices immigrated to the United States when the WJC moved its headquarters there. At the New York office in the 1940s, the major departments were: Political Department, Institute of Jewish Affairs (research and legal work), Relief and Rescue,

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tournament in Dubai in February 2009, the WJC called for the "suspension of all sporting events in the until Israeli participants are admitted." The response of the women's and men's tours to the exclusion of Peer had been "faint-hearted," and they should have canceled the event immediately, WJC

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against the Iranian suspects in the bombing case, which were approved by the Interpol General Assembly in November 2007. On the 18th anniversary of the AMIA bombing in July 2012, WJC President Lauder declared: "The Iranian regime has blood on its hands, not only by suppressing dissent at home but

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In August 2018, WJC President Ronald S. Lauder called on "Israel's government to listen to the voices of protest and outrage" and uphold the country's democratic and egalitarian principles against the threat of dominance by restrictive Orthodox influence, from what he called 'a radical minority'.

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of offering books that glorify the Holocaust. The WJC CEO wrote that Amazon customers "can buy a plethora of Holocaust-denying literature, swastika pendants and other Nazi memorabilia. While books are clearly different from doormats or flags, they still violate Amazon's guidelines, not to mention

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In its policy guidelines the WJC states that negotiations on Holocaust-era assets are "conducted in the framework of the World Jewish Restitution Organization in coordination with the Israeli government and with the support of the US government and the European Union." The organization emphasizes

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The WJC's current policy priorities include combating anti-Semitism, especially the rise of neo-Nazi parties in Europe, providing political support for Israel, opposing the "Iranian threat", and dealing with the legacy of the Holocaust, notably with respect to property restitution, reparation and

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In 1989, Soviet Jewish organizations were granted permission by the authorities to join the World Jewish Congress, and two years later in Jerusalem, several directly elected delegates from the Soviet Union were officially represented for the first time at a World Jewish Congress Plenary Assembly.

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The World Jewish Congress also co-hosted a gathering of European Muslim and Jewish leaders in Brussels in December 2010, which included meetings with senior European Union officials. On that occasion, WJC Vice-president Marc Schneier declared: "We have hopefully kick-started a movement that will

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became the first UN chief ever to address a World Jewish Congress gathering and also addressed the issue of bias against Israel. Speaking in New York to the delegates of the WJC Plenary Assembly, Guterres promised to stand up against anti-Israel bias at the world organization and said the Jewish

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As the Jewish community dwindled, over successive waves of emigration (the last in 1968), the WJC saw Poland as an important repository of Jewish history as well as the custodians of the killing grounds in which much of European Jewry fell victim to the German Final Solution. In 1979, the Polish

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The WJC Executive characterized the resolution as an "attempt to defame Zionism by equating it with imperialism, colonialism, racism, and apartheid, ... amounting to incitement to racism and racial hatred". All communities and organizations affiliated to the Congress were urged to take immediate

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During the 1950s, the WJC conducted negotiations with a number of Arab governments, notably in North Africa, and pleaded with them to allow their Jewish populations to leave their native countries. With the advance of Arab nationalism, especially during the 1950s, these efforts were increasingly

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recognized Germany's duty to make moral and material restitution to the Jewish people and signaled its readiness to engage in negotiations with Jewish representatives and the State of Israel. "Unspeakable crimes have been committed in the name of the German people, calling for moral and material

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On 19 August 1945, a conference of representatives of European Jews was organized in Paris, France by the WJC, whose leadership (Wise, Goldmann, Kubowitzki) traveled there from the US. Delegates from Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy, Sweden and Switzerland attended the gathering.

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At the end of the war, the WJC undertook efforts to rebuild Jewish communities in Europe, pushed for indemnification and reparation claims against Germany, provided assistance to displaced persons and survivors of the Holocaust, and advocated for the punishment of Nazi leaders for war crimes and

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on prisoners of war for those Jews that were confined to ghettos and Nazi concentration camps, which would have entitled the ICRC to provide care to them. However, the ICRC stuck to the view that it was "in no position to bring pressure to bear upon governments", and that the success of its work

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The WJC has repeatedly urged the international community to do more to bring to justice the masterminds of the terrorist attacks against Israel's embassy and AMIA Jewish community center in Buenos Aires in the 1990s, which Argentinean prosecutors have said were carried out at the instigation of

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in Cairo, considered the oldest center of Islamic scholarship in the world, for opening up inter-religious dialogue to the Jews. He declared: "This is a landmark decision, and Al-Azhar deserves praise for it. Coming from the leading center of Islamic thinking in the world, it will be enormously

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On repeated occasions, the WJC has urged countries to ensure that Holocaust denial is publicly condemned and fought. WJC officials have been critical of a rise of marches in a number of European countries including Hungary and Serbia by WWII Nazi veterans, far-right extremists and neo-Nazis who

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Although the WJC Executive Committee comprises almost 50 members, including the heads of the 12 largest Jewish communities in the world outside Israel, a smaller Steering Committee is running the day-to-day activities of the organization. It is composed of the president, the chairman of the WJC

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In 2000/2001, the World Jewish Congress helped to negotiate a compensation agreement with the German government and industry under which a €5 billion fund was set up to compensate World War II slave and forced laborers, mainly living Central and Eastern Europe, who had hitherto not received any

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testified at these hearings that Swiss banks knowingly purchased looted gold from the Nazis during WWII. Eizenstat was later named special envoy of the US government for Holocaust issues. The report relied exclusively on US government archives. It contained no new historical information on Nazi

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in Brooklyn, NY alleging that Holocaust victims and their families faced improper barriers to accessing WWII-era Swiss bank accounts because of requirements such as death certificates (typically non-existent for Holocaust victims), and that some Swiss banks made deliberate efforts to retain the

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The WJC leadership also kept in close touch with the leaders of the Moroccan independence movement, including the exiled sultan of Morocco, Mohammed V, who insisted that an autonomous Morocco would guarantee the freedom and equality of all its citizens, including access of non-Muslims to public

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in 1943, both the United States and Britain refused to relax their immigration policies, not even for British Mandatory Palestine. In reaction, the WJC published a comment which said: "The truth is that what stands in the way of aid to the Jews in Europe by the United Nations is not that such a

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in which at least 91 Jews were killed and many synagogues and Jewish shops destroyed, the WJC issued a statement: "Though the Congress deplores the fatal shooting of an official of the German Embassy in Paris by a young Polish Jew of seventeen, it is obliged to protest energetically against the

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It is to establish the permanent address of the Jewish people; amidst the fragmentation and atomization of Jewish life and of the Jewish community; it is to establish a real, legitimate, collective representation of Jewry which will be entitled to speak in the name of the 16 million Jews to the

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was chosen as a location for the 14th Plenary Assembly because of concerns over the rise of anti-Semitism in that country. Péter Feldmájer, president of the Federation of Jewish Communities in Hungary, stated this was "a symbol of solidarity with our Jewish community, which has been faced with

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page. "Clearly, and not for the first time, the FPÖ leader is trying to whip up anti-Semitic sentiment. His repeated denials are not credible because his words and actions speak for themselves," Ronald Lauder said in a statement, adding: "This scandal shows that anti-Jewish resentment is still

1263:

should "exercise his authority" to order the prompt removal of convent and cross. The WJC Executive said the pontiff's action was necessary to implement the agreement major European Catholic cardinals, including the cardinal of Kraków, Franciszek Macharski, had signed with Jewish leaders on 22

686:

The closing session of the conference also adopted a resolution recommending that the Congress establish a Department of Community Service which would be charged with aiding in the reconstruction of the spiritual and cultural life of Jews in liberated countries. Another resolution extended the

2738:

The report also highlighted several initiatives the WJC had taken since 2004 to improve financial management, including "the creation of an audit committee and the position of chief financial officer, the computerization of all financial records, the creation of an employee handbook outlining

2185:

The World Jewish Congress has also urged internet companies, including social media giants such as Google, to act against Holocaust denial, hate speech and anti-Jewish incitement on their platforms. A survey published by the WJC in 2017 revealed that "More than 382,000 anti-Semitic posts were

819:

Resolution 181 of 1947, which called for the creation of a Jewish and an Arab state in Palestine. On 15 May 1948, the day of Israel's proclamation of independence, the WJC Executive pledged "world Jewry's solidarity" with the fledgling Jewish state. In Montreux, Switzerland, delegates from 34

659:

On 9 August 1944, Leon Kubowitzki (later Aryeh Leon Kubovy), the head of the WJC's Rescue Department, relayed a message from Ernest Frischer of the Czechoslovak State Council to the US State Department urging the destruction of the gas chambers and the bombing of railways lines leading to the

245:

in August, 1936, in reaction to the rise of Nazism and the growing wave of European anti-Semitism. Since its foundation, it has been a permanent body with offices around the world. The main aims of the organization were "to mobilize the Jewish people and the democratic forces against the Nazi

2614:

headquarters in New York, respectively. The aim was to raise the profile of the issue and enlist international support. In a speech to the New York symposium, WJC President Ronald S. Lauder urged the world to recognize the suffering of Jewish refugees. "Now is the time to set the historical,

1938:

Josef Mengele conducted cruel medical experiments on people. It is also the place where thousands upon thousands of Poles, Roma and Sinti and Soviet prisoners of war were brutally murdered alongside the Jewish victims. We owe it to all of them, and to the survivors, to make sure that today's

811:

on Palestine drafted by WJC Political Secretary Alexander L. Easterman, the WJC declared that "the only hope of reviving the life and culture of the Jewish people lies in the establishment of a fully self-governing Jewish Homeland, recognised as such throughout the world; that is, a Jewish

552:

On 28 July 1942, 20,000 people participated in a WJC-organized "Stop Hitler Now" demonstration at New York's Madison Square Garden. Nine months later, on 1 March 1943, an estimated 22,000 people crowded into the same hall and a further 15,000 stood outside at a WJC rally addressed by Wise,

520:

headquarters to exterminate at one fell swoop all Jews in German-controlled countries comprising three and a half to four million after deportation and concentration in the east thus solving Jewish question once and for all stop campaign planned for autumn methods being discussed including

1069:

document which planned to strip Jewish citizens of their rights and belongings as part of a calculated plan. However, when the WJC brought the Arab League document before the ECOSOC, its president Charles H. Malik, a representative of Lebanon to the UN, refused to bring it to the floor.

997:

In 1960, the WJC convoked the International Conference on Soviet Jewry in Paris, which was chaired by Goldmann. In 1971, the WJC co-sponsored the First World Conference of Jewish Communities on Soviet Jewry in Brussels, Belgium. Successor events were held in Brussels and Zurich in 1976.

1474:

Audits ordered by the Swiss government of dormant accounts between 1962 and 1995 showed a total of US$ 32 million (in 1995 terms) in unclaimed war-era accounts. However, during the negotiations, the Swiss banks agreed to commission another audit of wartime accounts, headed by former US

421:

occupation, the World Jewish Congress's headquarters were moved to New York to share office space with the American Jewish Congress, and a special WJC office was set up in London. The British Section of the WJC was tasked with acting as the European representative of the organization.

1707:

In April 2012, President Lauder declared that by prevaricating on the restitution issue Poland was "telling many elderly prewar landowners, including Holocaust survivors, that they have no foreseeable hope of even a small measure of justice for the assets that were seized from them".

1703:

of the Anti-Defamation League noted at the time: "To some extent the WJC did determine the tune. Their style created the atmosphere in which no public Jewish organization could not get involved. Had the WJC not got involved, those issues might not have developed in the way they did."

577:

Throughout the war, the WJC lobbied the Allied governments to grant visas to Jewish refugees from Europe and to ensure the restoration of Jewish minority rights in areas liberated by the Allied forces. Despite the US State Department's opposition, the WJC obtained permission from the

1611:

was formally and unanimously elected as WJC president, having previously served as acting president. Lauder was confirmed in his post by the 14th Plenary Assembly, which took place in Budapest in May 2013, and for a third term by the 15th Plenary Assembly in New York, in April 2017.

1347:

against partisans: "Yes, I knew. I was horrified. But what could I do? I had either to continue to serve or be executed." He said that he had never fired a shot or even seen a partisan. His former immediate superior at the time stated that Waldheim had "remained confined to a desk".

754:

toward the Jews and a condemnation of anti-Semitism. "We will consider it," Pius XII reportedly replied, adding: "certainly, most favorably, with all our love". The WJC also urged the Vatican to assist in the recovery of Jewish children saved by Catholics during the Holocaust.

1933:

Auschwitz is the largest Jewish cemetery in the world. Auschwitz is where the systematic annihilation of European Jewry was refined and perfected. It is where four gas chambers and four crematoria annihilated more than a million Jews. It is the place where the notorious SS

1582:

has since its inception in 1989 hosted heads of state, prime ministers, foreign ministers and other distinguished visitors to Israel and has issued several publications on Israeli foreign policy and international affairs, including its tri-annual foreign policy journal,

1770:

state "must be treated like any other member state". He also stressed that Israel had an "undeniable right to exist and to live in peace and security with its neighbors," and that "the modern form of anti-Semitism is the denial of the existence of the State of Israel".

4920:

Jews in the new North African states, Report submitted to the Fourth Plenary Assembly of the World Jewish Congress by the directors of the Political and International Affairs Departments, A. L. Easterman and Dr. M.L. Perlzweig, in: World Jewry, 1959, pp. 12–13 and p.

2056:

on German public television in which he repeatedly called Israel "an artificial state" that had been built on the "lie of the Holocaust", Knobloch called on the German government to publicly condemn the Iranian leader's statements and to isolate Iran diplomatically.

712:

of the Swedish Section of the WJC secretly met with Himmler at Harzfeld, around 70 kilometers north of Berlin. Masur had been promised safe conduct by Himmler. Through negotiations with the Nazi leader and the subsequent talks with the head of the Swedish Red Cross,

298:

took place in 1926 in London and in 1927 in Zurich, Switzerland. The latter was attended by 65 Jews from 13 countries, representing 43 Jewish organizations, though the main Jewish groups in Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands, as well as the

2734:

Spitzer's office identified financial mismanagement and breaches of fiduciary duty, but found no criminal wrongdoing and concluded that any misconduct "did not compromise the core mission" of the organization or result in "identifiable losses of charitable assets."

8959: 1301:

The German Democratic Republic stands unalterably by its duty to do everything against racism, Nazism, anti-Semitism, and hatred among peoples, so that, in the future, war and fascism will never again start from German soil, but only peace and understanding among

340:

direct, and based on proportional representation. The 52 American delegates, for instance, were chosen at an Electoral Convention which met in Washington, DC, on 13/14 June 1936 and which was attended by 1,000 representatives from 99 communities in 32 US states.

1312:, passed a resolution which recognized the GDR's responsibility for the Holocaust and asked "Jews around the world for forgiveness". The GDR pledged to compensate for material damages to Jews and to safeguard Jewish traditions. The resolution became part of the 2177:"We regret that Mr. Orbán did not address any recent anti-Semitic or racist incidents in the country, nor did he provide sufficient reassurance that a clear line has been drawn between his government and the far-right fringe," a WJC spokesman said afterwards. 849:

indemnity The Federal Government are prepared, jointly with representatives of Jewry and the State of Israel to bring about a solution of the material indemnity problem, thus easing the way to the spiritual settlement of infinite suffering," Adenauer said.

1377:

On May 5, 1987, Bronfman spoke to the World Jewish Congress saying Waldheim was "part and parcel of the Nazi killing machine". Waldheim subsequently filed a lawsuit against Bronfman, but dropped the suit shortly after due to a lack of evidence in his favor.

4546: 4517: 1679:, the WJC prevailed upon the Polish government to remove all obstacles faced by Jews who sought to leave the country and for the most part Jews were able to emigrate unhindered until about 1950. Most left without visas or exit permits thanks to a decree of 2443:

helpful for all moderate forces within Islam. Leaders from both sides should now seize the opportunity and take Jewish-Muslim relations to the next level. Both communities have a lot more in common, and to give to the other side, than many people think."

994:

the reunion of families separated by the Cold War. After a lapse of seven years, the organization also re-established contact with several Jewish communities in Communist Eastern Europe. In 1957, the Jewish community of Hungary re-affiliated with the WJC.

6150:"Patrycja Sasnal (editor), "Polish-Israeli Foreign Policy Conference: Twenty Years of Bilateral Relations, Jerusalem, 19-20 September, 2010 – Post Conference Reports" PISM (November 2010); Laurence Weinbaum, Thoughts on May 3 – Jerusalem Post, 2 May 2009" 1264:

February 1987 in Geneva. Edgar Bronfman declared: "It is not only a matter of the Auschwitz convent, but the broader implications of historical revisionism in which the uniqueness of the Holocaust and the murder of the Jewish people is being suppressed."

4944:

4766: 2492:

to impose a trade embargo on Iran. "We applaud President Clinton's decisive blow against terrorism," declared WJC Executive Director Elan Steinberg. In 2006, after prosecutors in Argentina asked a judge to order the arrest of a former Iranian President

483:, one of two Jewish representatives on the Polish National Council of the Polish government-in-exile, held a press conference with WJC officials in London, where it was stated that an estimated one million Jews had already been murdered by the Germans. 1711:

In pursuit of a more nuanced approach to the history of Polish-Jewish relations that includes Jewish recognition of Polish losses suffered during World War II, the WJC's Research Institute published two monographs which explored the attempts to revive

10330: 2147:

In August 2012, the WJC president criticized Austrian politicians for failing to publicly denounce the leader of the third-largest political party in the country, the FPÖ, Heinz-Christian Strache, who had posted an anti-Semitic cartoon on his

1487:

agreed to pay Holocaust survivors and their relatives more than US$ 1.25 billion over the following three years. As part of the settlement, the plaintiffs agreed to drop a lawsuit against the Government-owned Swiss National Bank in US courts.

230: 2239:

in 1965. Progress, however, is slow with regard to the Orthodox and Protestant Churches, which according to the WJC is mainly due to the decentralized nature of these churches and certain political issues related to the Middle East conflict.

463:

the respective countries, and to prepare a program of Jewish postwar demands. All representative committees together formed the Advisory Council on European Jewish Affairs, which came into being at a conference in New York City in June 1942.

1258:

However, the Carmelites stayed put, and a year later erected a large cross from a 1979 mass with the Pope near their site. The World Jewish Congress Executive strongly urged the Vatican to take action against the convent's presence and said

1296:

sent a letter to WJC President Edgar Bronfman in which he recognized on behalf of the East German government the GDR's responsibility for German crimes committed against the Jewish people under the Nazi regime. In a statement, Modrow said:

5032:

Activities of the World Jewish Congress, February 1975-October 1977, Report of the Secretary-General to the General Council of the World Jewish Congress at its meeting in Washington, October 30 – November 3, 1977, Geneva, October 1977, p.

2435:

spread across Europe. The recipe really is quite simple: our two communities must focus more on what unites us than what separates us. We also must restrain the radicals within our own ranks and make sure they don't gain the upper hand."

1562:

The WJC also maintains a Research Institute based in Jerusalem, Israel. It is involved in research and analysis of a variety of issues of importance to contemporary Jewry, and its findings are published in the form of policy dispatches.

478:

In late 1941 and early 1942, Western diplomats and journalists received scattered information about Nazi massacres of many thousands of Jews in German-occupied Poland and Russia. However, the news was difficult to confirm. In June 1942,

375:

was named as chair of the Administrative Committee. The new WJC Executive immediately drew up a declaration asking the British government not to halt immigration into Palestine and presented it to British diplomats in Bern, Switzerland.

1986:

Since the end of World War II, the WJC has pressed governments and private enterprises to return seized or looted Jewish assets to their rightful owners. It was instrumental in concluding agreements with a number of European countries.

1717:

2009 and the other in Jerusalem in 2010) to discuss bilateral relations and international issues of mutual concern. At the second gathering the 20th anniversary of the re-establishment of relations between the two countries was marked.

681:

was elected president of the World Jewish Congress. Delegates decided to embark on a $ 10,000,000 fund-raising effort for relief and increased political activity throughout the world. The news agency JTA also reported the following:

2520:'s repeated calls for the abolition of the State of Israel and his statements questioning the Holocaust. The organization resolved "to make the four-fold threat (the nuclear threat; the threat of genocidal incitement; international 4547:"Truman Library: List, "Anti-Jewish Utterances of Nazi Leaders", Institute of Jewish Affairs, World Jewish Congress, June 1, 1945. Records of the World Jewish Congress. (Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives)" 8963: 8881: 2415:

as "one of the most important and challenging issues at this time. The increasing gap of understanding between so-called Western liberal democracies and the Islamic world is extremely dangerous," according to the WJC website.

2048:

called the verdict "quirky" and said that it cast a damning light on the legal proceedings. She accused the highest German court of disposing of Germany's law that makes the denial of the Shoah a crime "through the backdoor".

1370:. In 1987, they were put on a watch list of persons banned from entering the United States and remained on the list even after the publication of the International Committee of Historians' report on his military past in the 586:, to transmit funds to Europe for the rescue and assistance of persecuted Jews. According to a report by Riegner, these funds helped to bring 1,350 Jewish children from the occupied countries to Switzerland and 70 to Spain. 2652:

and his strong criticism of Israel. However, then WJC Secretary-General Michael Schneider defended the meeting with Chávez and said the WJC acted only on behalf of, and with the backing of, the Venezuelan Jewish community.

8977: 2723:, then a vice-president of the WJC. It led to an investigation of the finances of the World Jewish Congress. A comprehensive audit of the WJC's accounts in Switzerland from 1995 to 2004, conducted by the accounting firm 2383:, the WJC president wrote: "When the Pope allows the use of the Good Friday Prayer of the old Tridentine liturgy, which calls for Jews to acknowledge Jesus Christ as the Savior of all men, some of us are deeply hurt." 2216:

The WJC believes that the three Abrahamic faiths (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) can cooperate "to respond to the challenges posed by developments in modern society, especially to discuss and promote shared values."

4770: 2524:; and the systematic and widespread violations of the human and civil rights of the Iranian people) that the current Iranian regime poses to international peace and stability, a high strategic priority of the WJC." 278:

was composed of delegations from Palestine, the United States, Canada, Russia, Ukraine, Poland, East Galicia, Romania, Transylvania, Bukovina, Czechoslovakia, Italy, Yugoslavia, and Greece, and funded mainly by the

4554: 4525: 4518:"Truman Library: Minutes, Meeting of World Jewish Congress with Robert H. Jackson in New York City, June 12, 1945. Records of the World Jewish Congress. (Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives)" 677:, USA, the WJC elaborated a program for the post-war period, which included calls for reparations from Germany to Jews and the use of heirless Jewish property for Jewish rehabilitation. Also at that conference, 466:

The WJC also lobbied Allied governments on behalf of Jewish refugees, and urged US Jewish organizations to work towards waiving immigration quotas for Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution. In 1940, General

2144:

happens under the sun. It is a scandal that a leading academics such as Galtung does not shy away from citing notorious forgeries such as the Protocols of the Elders of Zion to support his bigoted arguments."

2501:, Bronfman said that "Iran is a state sponsor of terrorism", adding that "the entire international community has a moral responsibility to ensure that Iran is held accountable for its terrorist actions." 717:, the WJC was allowed to save 4,500 inmates from the women's concentration camp at Ravensbrück. Approximately half of these women, who had been deported to Germany from over forty countries, were Jewish. 4658: 2065:

as President Trump's nominee for ambassador to Israel, in spite of critics who accused Friedman of trivializing the gravity of the Holocaust by comparing Jewish members of the liberal pro-Israel group

2041:

The WJC also criticized the US internet retailer Amazon.com for selling 'I love Hitler' T-shirts and similar merchandise praising senior Nazi officials. The items were later removed from the website.

1343:

Waldheim called the allegations "pure lies and malicious acts". In a telex to Bronfman, he said that his past had been "deliberately misinterpreted". Nevertheless, he admitted that he had known about

417:

in September 1939, the WJC headquarters moved from Paris to Geneva to facilitate communications with Jewish communities in Europe. In the summer of 1940, by which time most of Europe had fallen under

8433: 6139:

Policy Study No. 14 "Polish Jews: A Postscript to the 'Final Chapter'?" (Jerusalem, 1998) and Policy Study No. 22 "The Struggle for Memory in Poland: Auschwitz, Jedwabne and Beyond" (Jerusalem, 2001)

4455: 331:

President Bernard Deutsch called on US Jewish organizations to support the establishment of a World Jewish Congress "to prove the sincerity of their stand" in favor of the embattled Jews of Germany.

1754:

countries which do not themselves adhere to the principles of democracy, human rights and the rule of law" and that "Israel needs to be treated fairly in international organizations, especially in

6487: 4082: 2618:

Palestinian critics derided the move to raise this issue now as a "manipulative strategy". It was "part of a public relations campaign that is both cynical and hypocritical", PLO Executive member

6182: 2472:, in which over 100 people were killed and which Iran's leadership was accused of having masterminded, the World Jewish Congress has been vocal in denouncing what it calls the "Iranian threat". 2325:

The organization was instrumental in the creation inter-faith bodies such as the International Jewish Committee of Inter-religious Consultations (IJCIC), and it has actively participated in the

1496:

and that over US$ 2 billion of privately owned gold eventually ended up in Swiss banks. Switzerland rejected the WJC accusations. In response to inquiries from the World Jewish Congress, the US

1355:

called the World Jewish Congress's actions an "extraordinary infamy" adding that in election, Austrians "won't allow the Jews abroad to order us about and tell us who should be our President".

857:

provided the Claims Conference with 450 million deutschmarks for the relief, rehabilitation and resettlement of Jewish victims of Nazi persecution. Similar agreements were also signed with the

8591: 5663: 4575: 5267: 6332: 2539:

meeting in New York in September 2009. The WJC has repeatedly run campaigns accusing Iran of deceiving the international community and calling Ahmadinejad "the world's foremost hatemonger".

8885: 6255: 2332:

During the 1980s, the WJC persuaded Pope John II to come out in favor of the removal of a convent of Carmelite nuns which had opened near the site of the former Nazi death camp Auschwitz.

8845: 8763: 5910: 5073: 5055: 6898: 5153: 8981: 8781: 8060: 5287: 8863: 7058: 4978: 410:

violent attacks in the German press against the whole of Judaism because of this act and, especially, to protest against the reprisals taken against the German Jews after the crime."

8927: 7891: 6624: 3100: 2153:

widespread, and unscrupulous politicians are allowed to exploit it for electioneering purposes. That is mind-boggling, and it could have negative repercussions for Austrian Jews."

3842: 2078:

efforts to bring the "few old men out there who have the blood of innocent Shoah victims on their hands" before courts of law, to be tried and held accountable for their actions.

6580: 310:, who was one of the leading advocates of the establishment of an international Jewish representative body. Goldmann defined the purpose of the World Jewish Congress as follows: 6554: 1034: 8913: 8549: 7392: 4425:"The World Jewish Congress in New York asks the War Department to bomb the crematoria at Auschwitz, August 9, 1944. The War Department turns down the request (August 14, 1944)" 10172: 10062: 7905: 7090: 6609: 6346: 5763: 569:

that "certain officials in our State Department" had failed while it would have been commanded by duty to "prevent the extermination of the Jews in German-controlled Europe".

10067: 8799: 7562: 6695: 3095: 9051: 6790: 6441: 5826: 7766:"20 years after Buenos Aires bombing attack, World Jewish Congress urges to do more to root out Iran-sponsored international terror – European Jewish Press, 16 March 2012" 7587: 6924: 1267:

A few months later, the Carmelites were ordered by Rome to move. The WJC praised the Vatican for taking action, although the nuns remained on the site until 1993, leaving

865:

Holocaust survivors received lifetime pensions under the German Federal Indemnification Laws. Germany expended a total of US$ 60 billion in satisfaction of Jewish claims.

10031: 9173: 8106: 7352: 6938: 5476:

Stuart E. Eizenstat, Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade, Special Envoy of the Department of State on Property Restitution in Central and Eastern Europe,

5140: 2636:

establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 due to state-sponsored persecution. Most of them were forced to abandon their property and possessions, the ministry said.

1119:

In 1963, the American Section of the WJC was set up to broaden the organization's constituency in the country with the biggest Jewish community worldwide. In 1974, the

10435: 8721: 6087:

Laurence Weinbaum, The Jewish communities in the diaspora and antisemitism in Poland Moreshet: Journal for the Study of the Holocaust and Antisemitism. VI, Spring 2009

3827: 1425: 1112:

In 1960, the WJC convoked a special conference in Brussels following a series of anti-Semitic incidents in Europe. In 1966, the speaker of the West German parliament,

426:

Department for Culture and Education (or Culture Department), and Organization Department. In 1940, the WJC opened a representative office in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

10112: 8707: 7533:

Clinton Kills Pending Iran-Conoco Oil Deal : Policy: Order will bar development in Mideast nation and reassert hard-line stance taken since '79 hostage crisis –

4662: 3251: 1509:

During the 1990s and 2000s, at the behest of the World Jewish Congress a total of 17 European countries established special committees to look into their role during

10295: 10137: 10016: 7030: 959:, during the 1950s the Jewish state emerged as part of the Western camp, and Zionism raised fears of internal dissent and opposition among the Communist leadership. 398:

and public statements) on the one hand, and an attempt to organize a boycott of products from countries such as Nazi Germany on the other. Given the weakness of the

8693: 8577: 4604: 693: 4215: 974:

In 1953, the World Jewish Congress condemned the indictment in Moscow of Jewish doctors as alleged conspirators against the Soviet Union leadership, the so-called

8651: 7044: 2739:

official procedures and policies, the implementation of travel and reimbursement procedures, and the creation of a new fund-raising entity (the WJC Foundation)."

10320: 6848: 3752: 2513:

also by sponsoring terrorism world-wide. What the world saw 18 years ago in Buenos Aires it can still see today, be it in Syria, in Lebanon or in other places."

1639:

The Jewish Diplomatic Corps (JDCorps), also referred to as World Jewish Diplomatic Corps (WJDC) — is an international network of Jewish professionals engaged in

1471:

victims' deposits into Swiss banks, and criticized the decisions of US officials who negotiated settlements with Switzerland after the war as being too lenient.

8563: 7198: 6055: 4276: 4041: 1939:

anti-Semites and hatemongers – those who want to destroy the Jewish people and its only refugee, the Jewish nation state Israel – will not get another go at it.

402:

vis-à-vis Germany and the successful efforts by the Nazi regime to stave off an economic boycott of German products, both approaches proved not very effective.

10092: 4086: 1959:'s criticism of the statement, Lauder dismissed concern for remembering the Jewish identities of the victims of the Holocaust as "manufactured controversies". 868:

In 1952, the World Jewish Congress called on the Austrian government to intensify efforts for the restitution of heirless Jewish property. Austrian Chancellor

9991: 4424: 2093:

to the United States where he was wanted to stand trial for serving in a Nazi unit during World War II that murdered 17,000 Jews. Egner died in January 2011.

1211:

took over as acting head of the organization. Bronfman was formally elected WJC president by the Seventh Plenary Assembly, held in Jerusalem in January 1981.

1078:

administration. When Morocco became independent from France in 1956, WJC Political Director Alex Easterman immediately began negotiations with Prime Minister

1065:

The WJC also submitted a memorandum on the problem to the UN Economic and Social Council, asking for urgent action. The memorandum in particular mentioned an

10445: 8665: 3837: 2391: 8440: 8283: 6833: 1386:

In 1992, the World Jewish Congress established the World Jewish Restitution Organization (WJRO), an umbrella body of Jewish organizations and including the

10546: 9936: 8595: 6186: 1421: 8899: 8042: 1251:

I. WJC President Edgar Bronfman called for the removal of the convent. In public statements, other Jewish leaders, including former WJC Secretary General

10127: 7173:"In audience with Pope Benedict, World Jewish Congress leadership denounces growing deligitimization of Israel – European Jewish Press, 11 December 2010" 7076: 6491: 5237: 394:

In its fight against growing anti-Semitism in Europe, the WJC pursued a two-pronged approach: the political and legal sphere (mainly the lobbying of the

9986: 9901: 8480: 6032: 5621: 5181: 3038: 442: 9093: 9009: 2696: 1842: 1835: 10237: 9065: 8219: 7936: 5090: 10450: 8849: 8767: 8749: 7108: 5660: 5167: 5077: 5059: 4583: 4112: 3847: 1429: 1407: 9079: 8995: 7366: 7122: 5223: 5042: 1235:

On 25 June 1982, WJC President Edgar Bronfman became the first leader ever of a Jewish organization to address the United Nations General Assembly.

10425: 10360: 9764: 9023: 8817: 8785: 4127: 1774: 8867: 8735: 8177: 7062: 6657: 6263: 4982: 2554:

Lauder also led diplomatic efforts to persuade European businesses to withdraw from Iran. In January 2010, he warmly welcomed the announcement by

1255:, also called for the removal. A year later, the Catholic Church agreed to those requests and said the convent would be removed within two years. 10212: 10202: 10107: 9578: 8931: 7548: 5417: 3547: 3532: 2326: 2311:

received a delegation of the International Jewish Committee on Interreligious Consultations, including several members of the WJC, in June 2013.

1140: 10001: 9189: 2711:

The WJC raises its funds mainly through the World Jewish Congress American Section, which is a non-profit body registered in the United States.

2610:

In September 2012, the WJC co-hosted two conferences on the issue, together with the Israeli government. They were held in Jerusalem and at the

2322:"an experienced man, someone who is known for his open-mindedness ... a man of dialogue, a man who is able to build bridges with other faiths". 10242: 6002: 2465: 2044:

In February 2012, the WJC attacked the German Federal Constitutional Court for a ruling which acquitted a Holocaust denier. WJC Vice-president

609:(ICRC) to assert its authority more forcefully vis-à-vis the Germans, and urged it to secure the status of civilian prisoners of war under the 10006: 9956: 9037: 8609: 6902: 5689: 5562: 5197: 4847: 1520:

created a commission to investigate the seizures of Jewish property by the occupying Nazi forces and the French collaborators during the war.

10350: 10132: 8623: 6963: 3779: 3747: 3208: 3114: 2747:

various internal WJC political matters, including the perception that he was insufficiently advocating the candidacy of Edgar Bronfman's son

1676: 1591:

compensation for Holocaust survivors, as well as with Holocaust remembrance. One of the WJC's major programs is concerned with the plight of

6674: 5306: 1794: 1147:

action to mobilize public opinion against the resolution. Israel made revocation of Resolution 3379 a condition of its participation in the

10531: 10227: 9388: 5460: 2226: 1592: 10177: 9524: 9463: 9438: 9413: 9320: 9295: 9270: 7494: 7094: 201:

irrespective of the social, political or economic ideology of the community's host country. The World Jewish Congress headquarters are in

10551: 10541: 10521: 8803: 6285: 3623: 1359:

had stated that he was unaware of any crimes taking place, the historians cited evidence that Waldheim must have known about war crimes.

1085:

Whilst in 1957 an agreement was reached to allow for the emigration of all 8,000 Jews from Mazagan that were held in a refugee camp near

8679: 8494: 6717: 5102: 2329:(ILC). The WJC also contributed to the establishment of diplomatic relations between the State of Israel and the Holy See in the 1990s. 10536: 10222: 8013: 7815: 7245: 766: 10187: 10147: 6558: 6533: 4964: 3163: 2169:, WJC President Ronald S. Lauder lambasted a series of recent anti-Semitic and racist incidents in Hungary. He particularly mentioned 10192: 7651: 7632: 6164: 5004:

Congress in Action – Chronicle of forty years, in: George Garai (ed.), World Jewish Congress, 40 Years in Action 1936–1976, pp. 56–58

3285: 3193: 1631:

Governing Board, the treasurer, the chairmen of the five regional affiliates, the chairmen of the Policy Council, and other members.

1123:

affiliated with the World Jewish Congress. The British Section of the WJC, which had previously represented UK Jewry, was dissolved.

704:

In February 1945, the head of the Swedish office of the WJC, Hilel Storch, established contact through an intermediary with SS chief

8882:"Goldmann's Valedictory at WJCongress: Hails Gush Emunim, Terms Begin the Most Honest of Israeli Politicians – JTA, 1 November 1977" 7912: 5947: 4140:

Gerhart Riegner – Never Despair: Sixty Years in the Service of the Jewish People and of Human Rights, published by Ivan R. Dee, 2006

3507: 3157: 1885: 978:, and called a leadership meeting in Zurich, Switzerland, which was canceled at the last minute due to the death of Soviet dictator 160: 10142: 10077: 8127: 7566: 7213: 3959: 3686: 3680: 3322: 3214: 3108: 606: 436: 6235: 3501: 1857: 10152: 10082: 10072: 8531: 8082:"'Leaders who sanction hate speech' encourage citizens to do likewise, UN communications chief tells Holocaust remembrance event" 7449: 6794: 6445: 5830: 5388: 5363: 4995:

Congress in Action – Chronicle of forty years, in: George Garai (ed.), World Jewish Congress, 40 Years in Action 1936–1976, p. 42

4954:

Congress in Action – Chronicle of forty years, in: George Garai (ed.), World Jewish Congress, 40 Years in Action 1936–1976, p. 40

3151: 1948: 1807:

to return to the negotiating table. "Accept the offer to talk, President Abbas. It takes two sides to make peace," Lauder wrote.

8384: 8366: 8348: 8321: 7790: 7615: 7595: 3513: 1619:

serves as chairman of the WJC Governing Board, and Lebanese-born Chella Safra from Brazil is the treasurer of the organization.

10247: 10026: 9779: 8637: 7992: 6884: 3690: 3590: 3519: 3486: 3468: 916: 505:

to exterminate all Jews in the German-occupied territories. Riegner had received his information from the German industrialist

306:

The First Preparatory World Jewish Conference was held in Geneva in August 1932. A preparatory committee was headed by Zionist

266:, and advocated for Jewish minority rights in various countries, including the negotiation of rights for Jews in Turkey in the 10162: 9996: 8978:"At the World Jewish Congress: Rabin, Arens Disagree on How Israel Should Proceed in the Peace Process – JTA, 31 January 1986" 6942: 5980: 5600: 4480: 1232:, and the campaign to compensate victims of the Holocaust, Bronfman became well known internationally in the 1980s and 1990s. 10325: 10268: 9921: 9855: 7747: 7425:"Brussels gathering calls for closer cooperation between Muslims and Jews in Europe – European Jewish Press, 6 December 2010" 6594: 5876: 5433: 5021: 4767:"Brussels II Ends with Call on USSR to Implement Helsinki Declaration, Recognize Rights of Jews to Be, JTA, 20 February 1976" 4394: 3523: 3130: 3059: 1864: 1428:, founded in 1998, have secured millions of dollars for the victims and survivors of the Holocaust in payments from Germany, 8960:"At the World Jewish Congress Assembly: Bronfman Says USSR Must Be Included in Mideast Peace Process – JTA, 30 January 1986" 7865: 7508: 7005: 6980: 6739: 6210: 5523: 5116: 501:

sent a telegram to the US vice-consul in Geneva in which he informed the Allies for the first time about the Nazis' planned

9926: 5930: 5801: 3601: 3181: 3146: 2949:

Meeting of the General Council of the World Jewish Congress, 30 October – 3 November 1977, Washington DC, USA (Election of

2719:

A series of allegations about the organization's accounting practices and "unusual" money transfers, was raised in 2004 by

2351:, who said that all Vatican archives on the period should be made accessible to scholars. "There are strong concerns about 8945: 7156: 5480: 772:

In 1947, an estimated 30,000 people attended the opening of the Latin American Conference of the World Jewish Congress at

10420: 10365: 9697: 9571: 7326: 5895: 3832: 3793: 3586: 3337: 2866: 2661: 2165:

growing anti-Semitism in recent years". In his speech at the opening dinner, in the presence of Hungarian Prime Minister

1686: 1579: 1445:

In 1995, the WJC initiated negotiations on behalf of various Jewish organizations with Swiss banks and the government of

808: 7688: 7477: 4161:"Herschel Grynszpan: the Fate of A Forgotten Assassin, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Vol. 1, No.2., 1986, pp. 217–228" 726:

crimes against humanity. The World Jewish Congress notably took part in the formulation of the principles governing the

561:

and others. However, the US government did not heed calls to rescue European Jews. Early in 1944, US Treasury Secretary

10117: 9966: 9906: 7840: 6115: 6105:

Emma Klein, The Battle for Auschwitz:P Catholic-Jewish Relations Under Strain (London, Vallentine Mitchell, 2001), p. 6

4900: 4184: 3474: 3261: 3230: 3226: 2644:

In August 2008, World Jewish Congress and Venezuelan Jewish community leaders met in Caracas with Venezuelan President

2229:

in Switzerland in 1947. The WJC has managed to establish good relations with the Catholic Church, especially since the

1871: 6096:

Emma Klein, The Battle for Auschwitz: Catholic-Jewish Relations Under Strain (London, Vallentine Mitchell, 2001), p. 4

5581: 5478:"U.S. and Allied Efforts To Recover and Restore Gold and Other Assets Stolen or Hidden by Germany During World War II" 172:

World Jewish Congress President Ronald S. Lauder addressing the 14th Plenary Assembly of the World Jewish Congress in

10252: 9981: 9799: 7670: 6065: 6042: 5542: 4273: 3675: 3629: 3438: 3390: 3070: 2358:

In February 2009, Lauder and the WJC were highly critical of the Vatican's decision to revoke the excommunication of

2197:

of tolerating clips of neo-Nazi rock bands on its platform that were illegal in Germany. In an opinion piece for the

1904: 1584: 1390:. Its purpose is to pursue the restitution of Jewish property in Europe, outside Germany (which is dealt with by the 1120: 1057: 938: 594:

program is dangerous, but simple lack of will to go to any trouble on their behalf." Only in January 1944, President

10414: 10157: 10011: 4823: 4434: 2516:

In a 2010 resolution on Iran, the WJC expressed support for international condemnation of current Iranian President

2113: 1951:

that had generated controversy for failing to mention that the victims of the Holocaust were Jewish. In response to

1178:, opposed Goldmann's re-election for his criticism of Israel's policies, notably with respect to the peace process. 664:

death camp. US Undersecretary of War John J. McCloy rejected the suggestion five days later, writing to Kubowitzki:

525: 10526: 9880: 9860: 4835: 3702: 3568: 3480: 3384: 3297: 3273: 3034: 262:(Committee of Jewish Delegations). The latter was established in March 1919 to represent Jewish communities at the 9961: 8287: 7271: 4293: 1853: 1504: 837:, at the request of the Israeli government, established the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany ( 9976: 7289: 6333:"World Jewish Congress leader praises German President Christian Wulff for giving Shoah remembrance top priority" 3714: 3666: 3635: 3619: 3580: 3574: 3537: 3432: 3291: 3136: 3076: 2677: 2603: 2536: 2374: 2225:

Inter-religious dialogue between Jews and Christians started in the 1940s, notably with the establishment of the

1143:, which was adopted on November 10, 1975, and held "that Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination". 9971: 6815: 4467:

World Jewish Congress, Unity in Dispersion – A History of the World Jewish Congress, New York, 1948, pp. 190–191

4380:

World Jewish Congress, Unity in Dispersion – A History of the World Jewish Congress, New York, 1948, pp. 168–169

4274:

U.S. State Department receives information from Switzerland regarding the Nazi plan to murder the Jews of Europe

4173:

World Jewish Congress, Unity in Dispersion – A History of the World Jewish Congress, New York, 1948, pp. 122–123

2648:. The meeting stirred some controversy in the Jewish world because of Chávez' public support for Iranian leader 10516: 10370: 10207: 10057: 9885: 9870: 9865: 9840: 9825: 9564: 5335: 4149:

World Jewish Congress, Unity in Dispersion – A History of the World Jewish Congress, New York, 1948, pp. 83–110

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is a key issue in the WJC's public efforts. In January 2011, WJC President Lauder accompanied German President

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countries attended the Second Plenary Assembly of the World Jewish Congress, held from 27 June to 6 July 1948.

9916: 9789: 8831: 6696:"World Jewish Congress urges US to extradite alleged World War II Nazi to Serbia for trial – Associated Press" 3948:

Unity in Dispersion: A History of the World Jewish Congress, World Jewish Congress, New York, 1948, pp. 26–28.

2299:

was received by John Paul II in 1992 and 2003. Bronfman led a delegation of Jewish leaders for a meeting with

10495: 10310: 10182: 9835: 8028: 5618: 4325:"The American Experience.America and the Holocaust.People & Events | Rabbi Stephen Wise (1874–1949)" 3742: 3650: 3607: 3562: 3552: 3528: 3492: 3426: 3414: 3372: 3279: 3247: 3187: 3142: 3126: 2731:

noted that the WJC had implemented all of his recommendations to improve financial oversight and management.

2335:

The role of the Vatican during the Holocaust remains a controversial issue and has repeatedly flared up. The

2136:

attacked the Swedish government, church officials and media for "fanning the flames" of hatred against Jews.

1652:

half of the 1930s, in the face of a marked rise in antisemitism, the WJC attempted to intervene on behalf of

1203:

succeeded Goldmann as WJC president. In 1979, when Klutznick was named US secretary of commerce by President

888: 727: 8244: 8223: 7765: 7424: 7172: 6416: 5851: 5254: 4496: 2086:

and the family members of those who were brutally murdered in Sobibor will certainly welcome this verdict."

363:

Although the delegates elected the US federal judge and erstwhile president of the American Jewish Congress

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World Jewish Congress, Unity in Dispersion – A History of the World Jewish Congress, New York, 1948, p. 166

4362:

World Jewish Congress, Unity in Dispersion – A History of the World Jewish Congress, New York, 1948, p. 165

4314:

World Jewish Congress, Unity in Dispersion – A History of the World Jewish Congress, New York, 1948, p. 162

4305:

World Jewish Congress, Unity in Dispersion – A History of the World Jewish Congress, New York, 1948, p. 159

3595: 3456: 3396: 3360: 3348: 3333: 3309: 3220: 2243: 1668:

did little to abate the situation. In order to counter the drastic effects of the ban on kosher slaughter (

263: 7714: 4414:

A Race Against Death: Peter Bergson, America, and the Holocaust, with David S. Wyman (The New Press, 2002)

4099:

World Jewish Congress, Unity in Dispersion – A History of the World Jewish Congress, New York, 1948, p. 46

1733:

briefs delegates at the World Jewish Congress Governing Board in Jerusalem on the peace process, June 2011

10122: 10047: 9815: 9769: 9754: 9749: 9159: 7532: 7370: 6302: 4675:

World Jewish Congress, Unity in Dispersion – A History of the World Jewish Congress, New York 1948, p. 67

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World Jewish Congress, Unity in Dispersion – A History of the World Jewish Congress, New York 1948, p. 34

4027:

World Jewish Congress, Unity in Dispersion – A History of the World Jewish Congress, New York 1948, p. 33

4004:

World Jewish Congress, Unity in Dispersion – A History of the World Jewish Congress, New York 1948, p. 29

3995:

World Jewish Congress, Unity in Dispersion – A History of the World Jewish Congress, New York 1948, p. 28

3986:

World Jewish Congress, Unity in Dispersion – A History of the World Jewish Congress, New York 1948, p. 22

3175: 2101: 829: 694:

Stephen Wise addresses the World Jewish Congress War Emergency Conference in Atlantic City, November 1944

8181: 4806: 4659:"30,000 at Opening of Latin American Parley of World Jewish Congress in Buenos Aires, JTA, 30 June 1947" 1616: 1566: 105: 10375: 10273: 10087: 10052: 9875: 9784: 9759: 8263:"Members of the Tribe / The end of a beautiful friendship – Haaretz Daily Newspaper | Israel News" 5962: 5194: 4405:

The Deafening Silence: American Jewish Leaders and the Holocaust (New York: Shapolsky Publishers, 1987)

3804: 1747: 1128: 280: 5415: 5154:"Plan to Build Convent on Site of Auschwitz Death Camp Sparks Anger Among European Jewish Communities" 2899:

Second Preparatory Conference (Comité des Délégations Juives), 5–8 September 1933, Geneva, Switzerland

2754:

In May 2007, Bronfman stood down as the president of the WJC, having served in the post for 28 years.

2061:

outrages" that distracted from "real" instances of anti-Semitic threats. The WJC also publicly backed

1362:

Throughout his term as president (1986–1992), Waldheim and his wife Elisabeth were officially deemed "

10485: 10167: 10097: 9941: 9830: 9794: 9744: 9186: 8465: 7956: 6149: 5636: 5501: 4198: 3203: 2521: 2359: 2066: 1148: 566: 300: 9363: 7892:"Peace only possible if plight of Jewish refugees from Arab countries is addressed, Lauder tells UN" 2902:

Third Preparatory Conference (Comité des Délégations Juives), 20–24 August 1934, Geneva, Switzerland

2896:

First Preparatory Conference (Comité des Délégations Juives), 14–17 August 1932, Geneva, Switzerland

2686:

eleven Israeli sportsmen killed by Palestinian terrorists during the Olympic Games in Munich in 1972

2355:'s political role during World War II which should not be ignored," Lauder declared in a statement. 10430: 10335: 10197: 9946: 9931: 9911: 9850: 8592:"Geneva Conference Votes Anti-German Resolution; World Congress is Called – JTA, 10 September 1933" 8248: 7974: 7728: 5686: 4860: 3822: 3763: 3496: 3080: 2700: 2494: 2420: 1878: 1624: 1620: 1552: 1387: 1188:

addressing the Sixth WJC Plenary in Jerusalem in 1975. Seated on the right: Israeli Prime Minister

328: 287: 255: 8419: 8107:"WJC and Albanian Mission to UN hold special briefing on rescue of Albanian Jews during Holocaust" 7136: 5648: 5224:"E. Germany agrees to pay reparations for crimes against Jews, Houston Chronicle, 9 February 1990" 2757: 879:

was elected president of the World Jewish Congress, having previously served as acting president.

471:, the leader of the French government in exile, pledged to the WJC that all measures taken by the 10340: 10217: 9820: 7227: 6581:"Following Ahmadinejad's latest Holocaust denial, WJC urges Germany to scale back Iran relations" 3769: 3556: 3313: 1975: 1831: 1799: 1759: 1533:

set up a central registry on art looted by the Nazis which could be established on the Internet.

1002: 909: 773: 610: 602:, whose purpose was to "rescue victims of enemy oppression who are in imminent danger of death". 222: 9392: 7393:"WJC Vice President Schneier 'deeply honored' to be first rabbi hosted by King Hamad of Bahrain" 6725: 5457: 1109:

Delegates from 43 countries attended the Fourth WJC Plenary Assembly held in Stockholm in 1959.

10300: 9528: 9467: 9442: 9417: 9324: 9299: 9274: 9231: 9125: 9107: 6625:"WJC President Lauder expresses confidence in choice of David Friedman as ambassador to Israel" 3730: 2957: 2724: 2230: 1952: 1505:

Agreements with other European countries on Holocaust-era property restitution and compensation

1155: 1074:

complicated. In 1954, a WJC delegation visited Morocco, then still under French colonial rule.

579: 536:, addressing the World Jewish Congress War Emergency Conference in Atlantic City, November 1944 367:

as honorary president of the WJC, Wise was appointed as chairman of the WJC Executive and thus

9174:"Trump mourns Jewish Holocaust victims, vows to fight anti-Semitism in speech to Jewish group" 6512: 6116:"EJP | News | Jewish leader discusses restitution of stolen property with Polish PM" 2915:

Delegates at the Second Plenary Assembly of the World Jewish Congress in Montreux, Switzerland

2684:, for not agreeing to hold one minute's silence at the opening ceremony in remembrance of the 1001:

At the second Brussels conference, Jewish leaders called on the Soviet Union to implement the

270:(1920) and special agreements with smaller eastern European states. Headed by Russian Zionist 9667: 9205: 8914:"Navon Urges Jews to Have More Children to Counter Danger of Low Birth Rate and Assimilation" 8864:"World Jewish Congress to Hold First Meeting in U.S. Oct. 30 – Nov. 3 – JTA, 26 October 1977" 8550:"Constitution of World Jewish Congress Pushed to Forefront As Geneva Jewish Conference Opens" 6765: 5434:"World Jewish Congress fires chairman Israel Singer in surprise move - Haaretz - Israel News" 4042:"Geneva Conference Approves Call for World Jewish Congress in Summer of 1934, 18 August 1932" 2363: 2319: 1094: 653: 595: 9052:"Jewish Property Claims (part 1): Restitution Efforts in Europe Showcased at Wjc Conference" 7819: 7406: 7301: 6392: 6314: 4251: 4058: 3973: 3020: 1340:" (SA), and his time as German ordnance officer in Thessaloniki, Greece, from 1942 to 1943. 1181: 982:. The new Soviet leadership declared that the case against the doctors had been fabricated. 621:, used his great influence with Jewish communities nationwide to energetically obstruct the 10315: 10102: 10021: 8846:"Goldmann Re-elected WJC President Despite Bitter Herut Opposition – JTA, 10 February 1975" 7791:"José María Aznar, "Defending Israel to Defend Ourselves" – 1 September 2010 – WJC website" 5349: 5074:"Goldmann Re-elected Wjc President Despite Bitter Herut Opposition – JTA, 10 February 1975" 4083:"World Jewish Congress Nearer—Deutsch; American Delegates Soon Sail to Confer, 2 July 1933" 2673: 2423:

at an inter-faith conference in the Spanish capital Madrid. Later that year, WJC President

1497: 1458: 1313: 793: 761:

Organization in 1945. In 1947, the organization became one of the first NGOs to be granted

583: 562: 529: 7059:"Pope Restates Church's Rejection of 'every Form of Anti-semitism' – JTA, 13 January 1975" 5392: 5367: 4880: 2911: 2645: 2186:

uploaded to social media in 2016, an average of one post every 83 seconds", which WJC CEO

970:

Third Plenary Assembly of the World Jewish Congress, Geneva, Switzerland, 4–11 August 1953

733: 8: 10345: 9614: 7353:"Op-Ed: Ronald Lauder calls on Pope Benedict XVI to clarify Vatican's stance on Pius XII" 6816:"Austrian rightist chief accused of anti-Semitism over cartoon – Reuters, 23 August 2012" 6791:"Ronald Lauder condemns Norwegian scholar anti-Semitic statements – EJU News, 3 May 2012" 6240: 5056:"Herut Seeking to Prevent Re-election of Goldmann As WJC President – JTA, 8 January 1975" 4389:

The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust, 1941–1945 (Pantheon Books, 1984)

3774: 2649: 2547: 2517: 2439: 2379: 2256: 2053: 1956: 1700: 1596: 1363: 816: 762: 618: 533: 451: 295: 226: 164:

Delegates at World Jewish Congress 25th Anniversary Conference, Geneva, Switzerland, 1961

57: 8131: 2569: 2139:

In May 2012, Lauder condemned as "despicable" remarks made by the Norwegian sociologist

2002: 1766: 1344: 1195:

Two years later, in 1977, the American real estate developer and erstwhile president of

1061:

World Jewish Congress conference on the situation of Jews in North Africa, Algiers, 1952

549:

was only on 25 November 1942 that the WJC was allowed to release the news to the world.

267: 10305: 9673: 9632: 8764:"World Jewish Congress Opens 10-Day Assembly in Brussels on Sunday – JTA, 29 July 1966" 8513: 8434:"Letter of Dr. Arieh Tartakower to Union of Orthodox Rabbis of America, 25 August 1941" 8206: 6925:"An anti-Semitic post is uploaded to social media every 83 seconds, WJC research finds" 6658:"Smearing Fellow Jews as 'Kapos' Disqualifies David Friedman from Representing America" 6640:"The Grotesque anti-Semitic Turn of David Friedman, Trump's Pick for Israel Ambassador" 6555:"German Courts Find Holocaust Deniers Innocent in Two Cases – JSpace, 23 February 2012" 5141:"WJC to Be the Only Jewish NGO to Address UN Assembly’s Special Session on Disarmament" 3887: 3852: 3736: 3354: 2979: 2814: 2551:

buy weapons to kill Americans, or buy missiles to be able to deliver nuclear weapons."

2476: 2461: 2296: 2248: 2045: 1971: 1439: 1411: 1208: 1196: 1113: 1018: 797: 590: 558: 480: 109: 8928:"Bronfman Has Some Blunt Words About Israel-Diaspora Relations – JTA, 22 January 1981" 8202: 7975:"PM: Israel must bring justice to Jewish Refugees – Jerusalem Post, 10 September 2012" 7457: 5827:"World Jewish Congress demands action against neo-Nazis – Budapest Times, 10 May 2013" 2973:

addressing the delegates of the 13th WJC Plenary Assembly in Jerusalem in January 2009

10440: 8782:"WJC Plenary Session Opens; Goldmann Calls to Fight Assimilation – JTA,1 August 1966" 8381: 8363: 8345: 8325: 7794: 7031:"World Jewish Congress Presents $ 20,000 to Vatican in Recognition of Rescue of Jews" 6769: 6061: 6038: 5017: 4979:"Mapam and Herut to Boycott WJC Symposium on 'Germans and Jews' – JTA, 2 August 1966" 4390: 3817: 2632: 2498: 2469: 2400: 2300: 2292: 2199: 2062: 2022: 2015: 1725: 1680: 1391: 1260: 1170:(then 80) stood again for WJC president. Several Israeli delegates, notably from the 1151:

of 1991. Resolution 3379 was revoked in 1991 by UN General Assembly Resolution 4686.

1011: 990: 838: 599: 468: 399: 395: 380: 206: 8722:"World Jewish Congress Hails Establishment of Israel As Fulfillment of Jewish Hopes" 7563:"Edgar M. Bronfman: 'Iran is a sponsor of terrorism' – WJC website, 26 October 2006" 6371: 3925:

George Garai (ed.), World Jewish Congress, 40 Years in Action 1936–1976, Geneva 1976

148: 9709: 9661: 9626: 9507:".: CAIV :. – .: Confederación de Asociaciones Israelitas de Venezuela :" 8708:"French Government Will Permit Jewish Delegation to Attend World Jewish Conference" 7153: 6866: 6183:"VIDEO: Ron Lauder on the 'Delegitimization of Israel', CBN News, 2 September 2010" 6003:"Jewish Diplomatic Corps visits UAE: "Our preconceptions are at odds with reality"" 4477: 4229:

World Jewish Congress, Unity in Dispersion – A History of the World Jewish Congress

3867: 3001: 2950: 2878: 2820: 2808: 2773: 2768: 2762: 2748: 2586: 2574: 2543: 2427:

also called on the Saudi monarch in New York. In December 2011, WJC Vice-president

2424: 2370: 2348: 2304: 2288: 2271:

Since 1945, WJC leaders have been received by Catholic pontiffs a number of times.

2187: 2133: 2125:

to be adopted and enforced properly in every country. All forms and expressions of

2109: 2105: 2026: 1640: 1608: 1536: 1467: 1395: 1336:, had lied about his service as an officer in the mounted corps of the Nazi Party " 1200: 1101:

of Morocco continued to emphasize that Jews enjoyed equal rights in their country.

986: 975: 844:

The same year, in a declaration approved by the parliament, West German Chancellor

714: 705: 545: 492: 93: 8694:"War Reparations Asked by World Jewish Conference; Funds to Be Spent in Palestine" 8578:"Preliminary Conference to World Congress Convenes at Geneva; Wise Sounds Keynote" 8401: 8262: 8153: 7330: 7259: 7045:"Pontiff Sees Goldmann, Voices Regret over 'misinterpretation' of Mideast Remarks" 5781: 5725: 5437: 4605:"Jews of Western Europe to Meet in Paris; Delegates from Seven Countries Expected" 4456:

World Jewish Congress $ 10,000,000 Drive No Challenge to Other Groups, Leaders Say

2985:

Eighth Plenary Assembly (50th Anniversary Assembly), 27–30 January 1986, Jerusalem

2559: 1993: 10455: 10408: 10393: 9691: 9489:"Comité Central Israelita del Uruguay – Portal de la colectividad judía uruguaya" 9193: 9144: 8388: 8370: 8352: 7869: 7512: 7160: 7009: 6984: 6743: 6466: 6214: 5934: 5693: 5667: 5625: 5527: 5520: 5484: 5464: 5421: 5201: 4484: 4280: 3877: 3055: 3043: 2924: 2860: 2842: 2796: 2699:

co-hosted an event discussing the actions of Albanians who protected Jews during

2685: 2505: 2284: 2260: 2011: 1943:

On January 28, 2017, WJC President Lauder defended a statement made by President

1922: 1476: 1268: 1252: 1224: 1038: 956: 845: 785: 678: 541: 498: 388: 384: 345: 168: 8652:"International Jewish Conference Opens in Atlantic City; Criticizes Democracies" 7091:"Pope Condemns Anti-semitism in Meeting with WJC Leader – JTA, 13 November 1992" 6610:"Lauder criticizes ADL reaction to Trump statement on Holocaust Remembrance Day" 6534:"Amazon removes 'I love Hitler' T-shirts following protests – Internet Retailer" 6347:"Lauder criticizes ADL reaction to Trump statement on Holocaust Remembrance Day" 5927: 4216:"Immediate Restoration of Jewish Rights in Europe After Allied Victory Demanded" 4128:"World Congress Leaders to See British Envoy on Palestine Today, 16 August 1936" 3025:(as approved by the 14th Plenary Assembly of the World Jewish Congress in 2013) 2166: 1381: 1328:

In 1986, the World Jewish Congress alleged that Austrian presidential candidate

1082:

and other government officials, pressing them to grant Jews the right to leave.

383:

in Geneva, first headed by the Swiss international lawyer and WJC Legal Advisor

379:

The WJC chose Paris as its headquarters and also opened a liaison office to the

10475: 9620: 8308: 8081: 7993:"Jewish Chronicle – Isi Leibler: Shame on those of our leaders who back Chavez" 7481: 6488:"Jews call on Bernie Ecclestone to resign over Hitler remarks – ThaiIndian.com" 5911:"WJC's Newest Treasurer, Chella Safra Speaks About the anti-Semitism Challenge" 5709: 5637:"A Chronology of Events Surrounding the Lost Assets of Victims of Nazi Germany" 5502:"A Chronology of Events Surrounding the Lost Assets of Victims of Nazi Germany" 5477: 5310: 5292: 5272: 3862: 2934: 2923:

War Emergency Conference, 26–30 November 1944, Atlantic City, USA (Election of

2802: 2692: 2666: 2611: 2280: 2275:

received WJC Secretary General A. Leon Kubowitzki in private audience in 1945.

2120:

One of the principal activities of the World Jewish Congress has been to fight

2082: 1755: 1657: 1337: 1333: 1284: 1185: 1167: 1030: 876: 853: 834: 758: 626: 554: 506: 502: 447: 372: 356: 307: 231:

special consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council

218: 8800:"WJC Plenary Assembly to Be Held in Jerusalem Feb. 3–10 – JTA, 9 January 1975" 8307:

Stephanie Strom. President of Jewish Congress Resigns After 3 Years' Turmoil.

7689:"UN Chamber Mostly Empty for Ahmadinejad Speech – WJC website, September 2009" 7199:"Benedict XVI welcomes first-ever Latin American Jewish delegation at Vatican" 5742: 5458:

Hearings before the US Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs

4640: 3912: 2577:

addressing a meeting of the World Jewish Congress in Jerusalem, September 2010

2411:

The World Jewish Congress considers dialogue with representatives of moderate

1517: 458:(speaking) at a World Jewish Congress conference in New York City, 7 June 1942 10510: 9679: 9655: 9638: 8564:"Geneva Conference Approves Call for World Jewish Congress in Summer of 1934" 7692: 7327:"World Jewish Congress President praises Pope – Catholic News, 13 March 2009" 3892: 3882: 3656: 3444: 3366: 3267: 2848: 2743: 2728: 2681: 2619: 2428: 2404: 2396: 2352: 2344: 2336: 2315: 2272: 2235: 2140: 2121: 1804: 1548: 1352: 1329: 1229: 1220: 1189: 1079: 1022: 1007: 979: 750: 709: 674: 634: 622: 406: 214: 202: 71: 67: 8481:"World Jewish Congress mourns passing of former Secretary-General Avi Beker" 6119: 5805: 2965: 2251:(center) witnesses formal establishment of diplomatic relations between the 1238: 823: 10398: 9951: 8322:"Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, WJC Past President – World Jewish Congress website" 3671: 3462: 3327: 2970: 2933:

Third Plenary Assembly, 4–11 August 1953, Geneva, Switzerland (Election of

2489: 2340: 2308: 2276: 2264: 2034: 1967: 1944: 1713: 1653: 1571: 1510: 1480: 1463: 1450: 1367: 1204: 1134: 952: 869: 737:

Stephen Wise addresses World Jewish Congress Plenary Assembly in Montreux,

638: 472: 455: 414: 324: 113: 8666:"Palestine Delegation to World Jewish Conference Unable to Get to America" 6834:"World Jewish Congress Plenary Assembly kicks off this Sunday in Budapest" 6639: 6034:

Immigrants in turmoil: mass immigration to Israel and its repercussions...

5521:"Report on Dormant Accounts of Victims of Nazi Persecution in Swiss Banks" 4160: 2307:

was received by Benedict XVI in October 2007, December 2010 and May 2012.

435:

relief committee for Jewish war refugees (RELICO) and cooperated with the

9608: 8750:"Coming Years "crucial" for Israel, Dr. Goldmann Tells W. J. C. Assembly" 7450:".:Middle East Online::Al-Azhar invites Jews to inter-faith talks :" 6467:"F1 boss Ecclestone faces criticism over Hitler comments – CBSSports.com" 6442:"World Jewish Congress asks PM to rein in the far right – Budapest Times" 6417:"Serbian police ban neo-Nazi group planned rally – European Jewish Press" 4784: 3872: 3021:

List of member communities and organizations of the World Jewish Congress

2790: 2720: 2657: 2170: 2090: 2030: 1691: 1578:

Operating under the auspices of the World Jewish Congress in Israel, the

1446: 1308: 1293: 1090: 1066: 738: 630: 364: 359:, co-founder and president of the World Jewish Congress from 1949 to 1977 349:

be wholly representative until all Jews choose to be represented by it."

291: 271: 242: 197: 153: 9556: 8900:"World Jewish Congress Presents Carter with Sefer Torah, Goldmann Award" 7937:"Jewish refugees want 'justice' like Palestinians, some say it's a ploy" 6675:"Ronald Lauder hails Demjanjuk conviction by German court – WJC website" 4714: 2961:

World Jewish Congress Plenary Assembly in Stockholm, Sweden, August 1959

2691:

In January 2019 WJC President Lauder, the Albanian Ambassador to the UN

2132:

In an opinion article entitled "Sweden's Shame", in 2010, WJC President

1574:

addresses a Governing Board meeting of the WJC in Jerusalem, August 2010

1435: 605:

The World Jewish Congress also tried – mostly in vain – to convince the

315:

nations and governments of the world, as well as to the Jews themselves.

28: 8364:

Philip M. Klutznick, WJC Past President – World Jewish Congress website

7769: 7428: 7176: 6420: 5855: 5764:"Hungarian Prime Minister to Address World Jewish Congress in Budapest" 4059:"A Collection Overview to the World Jewish Congress Records. 1918–1982" 3974:"A Collection Overview to the World Jewish Congress Records. 1918–1982" 3696: 3450: 3402: 3000:

Governing Board Meeting, 10 June 2007, New York City, USA (Election of

2204: 2126: 1730: 1661: 1513:. Many set up funds to compensate Jewish and other victims of the war. 1306:

A few weeks later, the first freely elected parliament of the GDR, the

1244: 1175: 1086: 923: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 833:

the WJC detailed Jewish moral and material claims on Germany. In 1951,

784:

Although its principal purpose was to defend the rights of Jews in the

540:

It was only several weeks later, on 28 August 1942, that WJC President

9094:"Sharon, Peres and Singer Outline Their Visions of World Jewry's Role" 8061:"Besiana Kadare: "A story of humanity: the rescue of Jews in Albania"" 7077:"Historic Meeting Between Pope and Delegation of World Jewish Leaders" 4935:

Gerhart M. Riegner, Jews in North Africa, in: World Jewry, 1961, p. 19

3760:

International Jewish Committee on Interreligious Consultations (IJCIC)

2008:

publicly glorify the Hitler regime and espouse anti-Semitic ideology.

1746:

The WJC recently started to focus its main activity on countering the

1154:

During the 1960s and 1970s, the WJC also campaigned for an end to the

1093:, and all communications with Israel were stopped. However, both King 516:

Received alarming report about plan being discussed and considered in

10403: 10355: 9703: 9685: 9551: 8382:

Edgar M. Bronfman, WJC Past President – World Jewish Congress website

7941: 6057:

Redrawing nations: ethnic cleansing in East-Central Europe, 1944–1948

5182:"Vatican Praised for Offer to Help Relocate the Convent at Auschwitz" 3857: 3785: 3613: 3408: 2978:

Seventh Plenary Assembly, 18–22 January 1981, Jerusalem (Election of

2930:

Second Plenary Assembly, 27 June – 6 July 1948, Montreux, Switzerland

2872: 2854: 2676:

in London, the World Jewish Congress criticized the president of the

2624: 2431:

was received by King Hamad of Bahrain at the royal palace in Manama.

2003:

Fighting Holocaust denial, revisionism and glorification of the Nazis

1926: 1454: 1371: 1366:" by the United States. They could visit only Arab countries and the 1248: 1098: 1026: 661: 649: 286:

However, the first impetus for the creation of the WJC came from the

210: 135: 9010:"Some Arab States Sending Signals They Are Prepared to Ease Boycott" 7154:

WJC Delegation meets Pope Benedict, Rome, October 2007 – WJC website

5195:"THE GDR OFFERS "SYMBOLIC" COMPENSATION TO JEWISH VICTIMS OF NAZISM" 4901:"Robert Ivker, The Forgotten Jewish Refugees From Arab States, 2008" 1820: 1690:

A World Jewish Congress delegation meets with Polish Prime Minister

898: 9080:"In Shadow of Durban and Sept. 11, Wjc Sets Agenda for New Century" 9066:"Wjc Head Bronfman Causes Stir with Call for Unilateral Separation" 7109:"Does Pope Back Opening Archives? Jewish Leaders Get Mixed Signals" 6885:"Hungary Premier Viktor Orban Fails To Take on Far Right in Speech" 6236:"UN chief vows to stand up against anti-Israel bias, anti-Semitism" 5729: 5713: 5103:"Elan Steinberg advocated for Holocaust survivors around the world" 4710: 4708: 4113:"World Jewish Congress Set to Open Tonight; 8 Point Program Mapped" 3120: 3013:

Special Plenary Assembly, 15–17 March 2016, Buenos Aires, Argentina

2509: 2252: 2157: 2149: 1782: 1669: 828:

In 1949, the World Jewish Congress called on the newly established

815:

WJC officials lobbied UN member states in favor of the adoption of

730:

and furnished evidence against Nazi leaders to the US prosecutors.

405:

Following the November 1938 pogroms against Jews in Germany called

173: 8996:"At the World Jewish Congress: Peres Offers Palestinians a Choice" 8346:

Nahum Goldmann, WJC Past President – World Jewish Congress website

7123:"Meeting with Jewish Group, Pope Stresses Commitment to Good Ties" 6286:"Verteidigungsbündnis: Warum Israel Mitglied der Nato werden muss" 5852:"Ronald S. Lauder confirmed as president of World Jewish Congress" 5563:"World News Briefs; Swiss Reject Finding Of $ 3 Billion Gold Debt" 5168:"Wjc Urges Pope to Use Authority to Remove Convent from Auschwitz" 3705:: Confederación de las Asociaciones Israelitas de Venezuela (CAIV) 2943:

Fifth Plenary Assembly, 31 July – 9 August 1966, Brussels, Belgium

2881:(2013–2019) – Executive vice-president and chief executive officer 1660:

visited Poland and conferred with the Minister of Foreign Affairs

1283:

Meeting of a WJC delegation led by Edgar Bronfman with GDR leader

9024:"World Jewry Must Focus on Olim, Says New European Jewish Leader" 8818:"Goldmann; Soviet Jewry is a Major Issue Confronting World Jewry" 8736:"Wjc Assembly Opens in Geneva; Goldmann Reviews Jewry's Problems" 7729:"Latest World & National News & Headlines – USATODAY.com" 5389:"World Jewish Restitution Organization – Council Representatives" 5043:"WJC Committee on Arab Boycott Will Focus on International Pacts" 4931: 4929: 4927: 4199:"Relief Committee for the Warstricken Jewish Population (RELICO)" 3378: 2555: 2194: 2161: 2081:

In 2009, WJC officials called for the extradition Ukrainian-born

1803:

and other newspapers in which he called on Palestinian President

1793:

In June 2012, on the third anniversary of Israeli Prime Minister

789: 625:'s strategical level rescue activism. Later president of the WJC 352: 177: 9345: 7228:"World Jewish Congress head praises Pope Francis – Israel Hayom" 6303:

Call for Israel to join NATO – Jewish Chronicle, 8 February 2011

4705: 3843:

Union of Jewish congregations of Latin America and the Caribbean

3423:: Association of Jewish Communities and Organizations of Moldova 3088:: Union of Belarusian Jewish Public Associations and Communities 1773:

In September 2011, the World Jewish Congress, together with the

882: 16:

International federation of Jewish communities and organizations

7906:"Jerusalem Declaration on Justice for Jews from Arab Countries" 7549:"From Buenos Aires to New York, Jews Applaud Move Against Iran" 6849:"Missing the Point: Hungarian Leader Whitewashes Anti-Semitism" 6205: 6203: 5326:

edited by Dagmar Lorenz. pp 81-95, University of Nebraska press

3708: 2484: 2480: 2438:

In a speech in London in 2010, Schneier praised leaders of the

1274: 1035:

Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations

875:

At the Third Plenary Assembly in Geneva (4 to 11 August 1953),

858: 801: 475:

against the Jews would be repudiated upon France's liberation.

193: 10331:

International Jewish Committee on Interreligious Consultations

6899:"Anti-Semitic Content Posted On Social Media Every 83 Seconds" 4924: 3067:: Bundesverband der Israelitischen Kultusgemeinden Österreichs 2479:

was reportedly instrumental in blocking a planned deal by the

985:

In 1956, WJC leaders delivered a memorandum to Soviet leaders

9038:"Soviet Jews Fill 'empty Chair' at Wjc Assembly in Jerusalem" 4848:"Soviet Jews Fill ‘empty Chair’ at Wjc Assembly in Jerusalem" 4619:"The missing: the Holocaust, the Church & Jewish orphans" 4053: 4051: 3049: 2920:

First Plenary Assembly, 8–15 August 1936, Geneva, Switzerland

2412: 2407:, and British Imam Abdujalil Sajid in Brussels, December 2010 1994:

Restitution of Holocaust-era assets and compensation payments

1918: 1786:, called for Israel to be admitted into the Western alliance 1501:

War II had been deposited in Swedish government bank vaults.

1382:

Restitution of Holocaust-era assets and compensation payments

1247:

opened a convent near the site of the former Nazi death camp

1171: 8624:"Exclusion of American "reds" Stirs Storm at World Congress" 6595:"On Holocaust Statement, Trump Ally Ron Lauder Stands Alone" 6513:"Ecclestone: Outrage 'probably my fault' – Associated Press" 6200: 5687:"Manhattan museum plans to issue Holocaust looted-art study" 5213:

Holocauste: L'Est avoue – Libération, 9 February 1990, p. 17

5014:

Moynihan's Moment: America's Fight Against Zionism as Racism

4861:"Jewish Virtual Library-Jewish Refugees from Arab Countries" 2994:

11th Plenary Assembly, 29 October–1 November 2001, Jerusalem

2940:

Fourth Plenary Assembly, 2–12 August 1959, Stockholm, Sweden

2466:

against the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires in February 1992

2193:

Previously, the organization had urged the German branch of

2089:

In December 2010, Lauder publicly urged Serbia to extradite

1219:

Under the leadership of Bronfman, the new Secretary General

9252: 8610:"Diplomatic Pressure Bars Reports on Persecution at Geneva" 6964:"Why is Amazon selling Holocaust denial and anti-Semitism?" 6669: 6667: 3936:"World Jewish Collection – An Introduction by Nolan Altman" 3604:: Kerkeraad der Nederlands Portugees Israelitische Gemeente 3096:

Comité de coordination des organisations juives de Belgique

3016:

15th Plenary Assembly, 23–25 April 2017, New York City, USA

2997:

12th Plenary Assembly, 9–11 January 2005, Brussels, Belgium

2497:

and other members of his government in connection with the

1787: 1607:

At the 13th Plenary Assembly in Jerusalem in January 2009,

418: 10436:

International Commission on Holocaust Era Insurance Claims

9488: 8495:"Michael Schneider officially appointed to WJC's top spot" 7957:"Diaspora – Jewish people world news – The Jerusalem Post" 7616:

Iran has 'blood on its hands' over 1994 Argentina blast –

7260:#Controversy over Catholic convent's presence at Auschwitz 6939:"World Jewish Congress slams YouTube over neo-Nazi videos" 4048: 3828:

International Commission on Holocaust Era Insurance Claims

1426:

International Commission on Holocaust Era Insurance Claims

673:

In November 1944, at the War Emergency Conference held in

205:, and the organization maintains international offices in 9367: 7841:"Iran's Ahmadinejad wants to come to the London Olympics" 5981:"Jewish Diplomatic Corps to Rejoin World Jewish Congress" 5697: 5671: 5506: 4429: 2377:

in church liturgy. In an op-ed for the Italian newspaper

1524:

compensation payments for the suffering under Nazi rule.

1239:

Controversy over Catholic convent's presence at Auschwitz

1139:

The World Jewish Congress was vocal in efforts to repeal

1014:

during the latter's first state visit to the US in 1987.

824:

Negotiations with Germany on reparations and compensation

629:

told the State Department (per department protocol) that

9364:"Central union of jewish communities in slovak republic" 7495:"Six Months After Bombing, Argentina Recalls Ambassador" 7484:, opinion by WJC President Ronald S. Lauder, 13 Aug 2018 7006:"WJC & Promoting Inter-Faith Dialogue – WJC website" 6664: 6053: 5117:"Jewish Philanthropist Edgar Bronfman Passes Away at 84" 4296:

The Algemeiner (June 11, 2012). Retrieved June 26, 2012.

3417:: Comité Central de la Comunidad Judía de México (CCCJM) 3306:: Magyarországi Zsidó Hitközségek Szövetsége (Mazsihisz) 3196:: Federation of Jewish Communities in the Czech Republic 1962:

Since September 2019 the World Jewish Congress receives

1135:

Opposition to UN resolution condemning Zionism as racism

10321:

International Association of Jewish Lawyers and Jurists

9506: 8014:"Israel Player Ram to Get Dubai Visa, Congressman Says" 7302:"YNetNews: WJC head: Holocaust denial must be censured" 4014: 4012: 4010: 3753:

International Association of Jewish Lawyers and Jurists

3252:

Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France

8311:. May 8, 2007, Section A, Page 16, Column 4, 643 words 7137:"Jewish Congress chief meets with pope – USATODAY.com" 6037:

Syracuse University Press, 2003 – 325 pages. Page 70.

5896:"Lauder re-elected as World Jewish Congress president" 3957: 3010:

14th Plenary Assembly, 5–7 May 2013, Budapest, Hungary

2597: 2562:

that his company would not seek new business in Iran.

2190:

said revealed "how alarming the situation really is."

1432:, Insurances and other parties totaling $ 20 billion. 323:

In the summer of 1933, following the rise to power of

249: 10446:

Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany

8680:"German Radio Attacks Deliberations at Atlantic City" 7816:"Calls to Ban Iran from Olympics; Olympic Obituaries" 7246:"Vatican, Israel Near Accord on Diplomatic Relations" 6393:"Poland slammed for halting restitution plans – YNet" 5877:"Ronald Lauder re-elected World Jewish Congress head" 5364:"World Jewish Restitution Organization – Our Mission" 3838:

Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany

3282:: Central Board of Jewish Communities in Greece (KIS) 3276:: Managing Board of the Jewish Community of Gibraltar 2946:

Sixth Plenary Assembly, 3–10 February 1975, Jerusalem

2631:

Following the conferences, Israel's Foreign Minister

2488:

the WJC publicly welcomed a decision by US President

1424:, the World Jewish Restitution Organization, and the 852:

On 10 September 1952, WJC and Claims Conference head

241:

The World Jewish Congress was established in Geneva,

9126:"Jewish Telegraphic AgencyJewish Telegraphic Agency" 9108:"Jewish Telegraphic AgencyJewish Telegraphic Agency" 5682: 5680: 5336:"Waldheim, ex-UN leader and Nazi, buried in Austria" 5268:"FILES SHOW KURT WALDHEIM SERVED UNDER WAR CRIMINAL" 4035: 4033: 4007: 3007:

13th Plenary Assembly, 26–27 January 2009, Jerusalem

2991:

10th Plenary Assembly, 21–24 January 1996, Jerusalem

2594:

quoted a World Jewish Congress spokesman as saying.

2464:, and in particular following the terrorist attacks 2072: 1422:

Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany

8029:"Olympics head rejects silence for Israeli victims" 7214:"Pope: 'A true Christian cannot be an anti-Semite'" 6315:"World Jewish Congress urges Abbas to resume talks" 5854:. European Jewish Press. 2009-01-17. Archived from 1048: 9145:"13th WJC Plenary Assembly – 'We Stand By Israel'" 7671:"WJC: World Must Boycott Ahmadinejad Speech at UN" 5948:"New Executive Committee of World Jewish Congress" 5928:Our leadership – Executive Committee – WJC website 5599: 5561: 5541: 3405:: Association Cultuelle Israélite de la Martinique 2697:United Nations Department of Global Communications 2362:, a senior member of the dissident Catholic group 1795:Benjamin Netanyahu's speech at Bar-Ilan University 1547:The WJC is made up of five regional branches: WJC 1542: 1127:WJC entered into a cooperation agreement with the 872:subsequently pledged to remedy Jewish grievances. 779: 497:On 8 August 1942, the WJC's Geneva representative 429: 391:, who initially served as Guggenheim's secretary. 10451:World Jewish Congress lawsuit against Swiss banks 8466:"Aryeh Leon Kubovy – Israeli lawyer and diplomat" 8284:"Ugly Allegations Fly as Fabled WJC Duo Splits –" 5710:"Europe Nazi loot to return to Holocaust victims" 5677: 4818: 4816: 4030: 3848:World Jewish Congress lawsuit against Swiss Banks 3244:: Suomen Juutalaisten Seurakuntien Keskusneuvosto 3160:: Confederación de Comunidades Judías de Colombia 2799:(1944–1949, 1936–1944: chairman of the Executive) 2656:Following the exclusion of Israeli tennis player 1627:was named as chairman of the WJC Policy Council. 1408:World Jewish Congress lawsuit against Swiss banks 1174:movement, but also former Israeli Prime Minister 614:"depended on discreet and friendly successions". 10508: 10426:International Council of Jewish Parliamentarians 7818:. Aroundtherings.com. 2011-07-27. Archived from 6000: 5802:"Israel Council on Foreign Relations About Page" 3610:: Official Council of Swedish Jewish Communities 3039:Delegación de Asociaciones Israelitas Argentinas 2211: 1775:International Council of Jewish Parliamentarians 1765:In April 2017, United Nations Secretary General 1729:International Quartet for the Middle East envoy 1166:At the WJC Plenary in 1975, longtime WJC leader 788:, the WJC always actively supported the aims of 699: 8170: 5661:"France publishes catalogue of looted Nazi art" 5601:"Sweden to Investigate Assertions of Nazi Gold" 4725: 4723: 3548:Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania 3533:Union of Jewish Religious Communities in Poland 3471:: Nederlands-Israëlitisch Kerkgenootschap (NIK) 2988:Ninth Plenary Assembly, 5–9 May 1991, Jerusalem 2665:President Lauder was quoted by the news agency 2470:AMIA Jewish center in Buenos Aires in July 1994 2327:International Catholic-Jewish Liaison Committee 1981: 1780:Ronald Lauder, writing in the German newspaper 1316:treaty and continues to be part of German law. 1141:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 7367:"WJC leaders meet with Saudi king in New York" 5496: 5494: 5492: 4813: 4807:"Moscow Denies Shift on Jews or Israel Policy" 3577:: Federation of Jewish Communities in Slovakia 3504:: Consejo Central Comunitario Hebreo de Panamá 2585:reported that World Jewish Congress president 2373:was also critical of the continued use of the 2052:Following an interview with Iranian President 9572: 8220:"N.Y. Probe of Charity Cites Mismanagement –" 6966:. 2 March 2017 – via Los Angeles Times. 6827: 6825: 5582:"U.S. admits to melting gold of Nazi victims" 4294:"How America First Learnede of the Holocaust" 3748:Hillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life 3510:: Comité Representativo Israelita de Paraguay 3447:: Conseil des Communautés Israélites du Maroc 3211:: Centro Israelita de la República Dominicana 2546:criticized a visit by Swiss Foreign Minister 883:Zionism and Jewish rights in the Soviet Union 757:The WJC also supported the foundation of the 644: 8638:"Swastikas Painted on Door in Congress Hall" 8251:, February 3, 2006. Retrieved June 24, 2012. 7509:"WJC & the Iranian Threat – WJC website" 6047: 5649:"NS-Zwangsarbeiter: Erste Zahlungen ab Juni" 5411: 5409: 5307:"EX-CHANCELLOR VOICES CRITICISM OF WALDHEIM" 4720: 4252:"How America first learned of the Holocaust" 3757:International Council of Jewish Women (ICJW) 3598:: Federación de Comunidades Judías de España 3565:: Federation of Jewish Communities in Serbia 2772:Former WJC CEO and Executive Vice-president 2227:International Council of Christians and Jews 2220: 2203:, Singer also accused the internet retailer 1593:Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries 1527: 1275:Diplomatic contacts with Communist countries 532:, Jewish activist and wife of WJC President 439:to protect Jews in Nazi-occupied countries. 10547:Jewish organizations based in New York City 8212: 5939: 5489: 5288:"WALDHEIM SAYS HIS PAST WAS MISREPRESENTED" 5016:, Gil Troy, Oxford University Press, 2012, 4881:"Draft Arab League Law Regarding Jews-1947" 4785:"Soviet Jewry Movement Marks Anniversaries" 3721: 3624:Schweizerischer Israelitischer Gemeindebund 3489:: Evrejska zaednica vo Republika Makedonija 3429:: Association Cultuelle Israélite de Monaco 2706: 254:The WJC's precursor organizations were the 10351:Women's International Zionist Organization 9579: 9565: 9253:"Conib – Confederação Israelita do Brasil" 8276: 8209:, March 16, 2007. Retrieved June 24, 2012. 8178:"WJC Audit: $ 3 Million Unaccounted For –" 6981:"WJC & Promoting Inter-Faith Dialogue" 6822: 4269: 4267: 3780:Women's International Zionist Organization 3139:: Shalom – Association of Jews in Bulgaria 2845:(1948–1983; coordinating director to 1959) 1634: 1551:, the Latin American Jewish Congress, the 767:United Nations Economic and Social Council 27: 9586: 8286:. Forward.com. 2007-03-23. Archived from 8222:. Forward.com. 2006-02-03. Archived from 8180:. Forward.com. 2006-11-03. Archived from 6118:. Ejpress.org. 2008-06-18. Archived from 6060:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 138. 5406: 3375:: Council of Jewish Communities of Latvia 3117:: Jevrejska Zajednica Bosne i Hercegovine 3028: 2314:On his election as new Catholic pontiff, 2263:, represented by Deputy Foreign Minister 2180: 2096: 1905:Learn how and when to remove this message 939:Learn how and when to remove this message 544:received Riegner's alarming message. The 8254: 7748:"Siemens to stop doing business in Iran" 6975: 6973: 6846: 5782:"Institute of the World Jewish Congress" 5322:Simon Wiesenthal "The Waldheim Case" in 4965:"Milwaukee Journal, 2 August 1966, p. 3" 4804: 3323:Jewish Representative Council of Ireland 2964: 2956: 2910: 2767: 2756: 2568: 2390: 2242: 2100: 2010: 1810: 1724: 1685: 1646: 1565: 1434: 1401: 1278: 1180: 1056: 965: 955:initially supported the creation of the 732: 648: 607:International Committee of the Red Cross 524: 441: 437:International Committee of the Red Cross 351: 167: 159: 147: 9527:. World Jewish Congress. Archived from 9466:. World Jewish Congress. Archived from 9441:. World Jewish Congress. Archived from 9416:. World Jewish Congress. Archived from 9391:. World Jewish Congress. Archived from 9323:. World Jewish Congress. Archived from 9298:. World Jewish Congress. Archived from 9273:. World Jewish Congress. Archived from 8946:"Wjc to Hold 50th Anniversary Assembly" 8532:"Ron Lauder reelected president of WJC" 8245:NY Probe of Charity Cites Mismanagement 8145: 7407:"UK Imam prays for Carmel Fire victims" 6637: 4824:EDGAR M. BRONFMAN "THE MAKING OF A JEW" 4264: 4107: 4105: 3338:Unione delle Comunità Ebraiche Italiane 2851:(1983–2001; executive director to 1985) 1949:International Holocaust Remembrance Day 1925:and a number of Holocaust survivors to 10509: 8260: 8203:World Jewish Congress Dismisses Leader 8151: 8027:Greene, Richard Allen (22 July 2012). 8026: 7668: 6867:"Anti-Jewish rally in Hungary capital" 6763: 6283: 5543:"A Price Tag Of Billions In Nazi Gold" 5539: 5324:Contemporary Jewish Writing in Austria 4249: 3591:South African Jewish Board of Deputies 2827: 2386: 1841:Please improve this section by adding 1677:anti-Jewish violence swept the country 1417:Jews who were murdered by the Nazis". 1104: 10326:International Council of Jewish Women 9560: 6970: 6715: 6284:Lauder, Ronald S. (7 February 2011). 5908: 5761: 5204:, Radio Free Europe, 20 October 1988. 5114: 4805:Services, Times Wire (3 April 1987). 3524:Jewish Association of the Philippines 3483:: Congregación Israelita de Nicaragua 3393:: Consistoire Israélite de Luxembourg 3264:(Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland) 3060:Executive Council of Australian Jewry 2446: 1797:, Lauder published a full-page ad in 1741: 1720: 1602: 1585:the Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs 1161: 303:, declined the invitation to attend. 9157: 9142: 8511: 8478: 8399: 8011: 7889: 7745: 7712: 7669:Shamir, Shlomo (14 September 2009). 7649: 7630: 7390: 7350: 7211: 7196: 6922: 6831: 6766:"Sweden's Shame by Ronald S. Lauder" 6764:Lauder, Ronald S. (12 August 2010). 6716:Myers, Laura L. (January 31, 2011). 6622: 6607: 6578: 6162: 6025: 5960: 5945: 5893: 4836:"Soviet Jews to Join World Congress" 4638: 4576:"The War Crimes Trials at Nuremberg" 4182: 4102: 3919: 3691:Comité Central Israelita del Uruguay 3172:: Koordinacija židovskih općina u RH 3147:Centre for Israel and Jewish Affairs 3052:: Israelitische Gemeente Beth Israel 1964:Austrian Holocaust Memorial Servants 1814: 1332:, a former secretary general of the 1214: 1207:, the Canadian-American businessman 921:adding citations to reliable sources 892: 617:The Holocaust era president of WJC, 334: 10532:The Holocaust and the United States 10491: 10421:Israel Council on Foreign Relations 10366:World Union for Progressive Judaism 8536:The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com 8499:The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com 7979:The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com 7961:The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com 6740:"WJC & Combating Anti-Semitism" 6638:Schraub, David (18 December 2016). 5570:. Associated Press. 8 October 1997. 5540:Sanger, David E. (7 October 1997). 5347: 4125: 4039: 3833:Israel Council on Foreign Relations 3794:World Union for Progressive Judaism 3717:: Zimbabwe Jewish Board of Deputies 3345:: United Congregation of Israelites 2885: 2598:Jewish refugees from Arab countries 2504:The WJC lobbied for the issuing of 2419:In 2008, WJC leaders met with King 2069:to "kapos", or Nazi collaborators. 1580:Israel Council on Foreign Relations 809:Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry 720: 486: 250:Precursor organizations (1917–1936) 108:, Chairman of the Governing Board; 13: 10552:Jewish studies research institutes 10542:International Jewish organizations 10522:1936 establishments in Switzerland 9187:World Jewish Congress – Affiliates 6390: 6335:(Press release). January 27, 2011. 5743:"World Jewish Congress – About Us" 5530:, Annex 4; and Part I paragraph 41 4158: 3913:"World Jewish Congress – About Us" 3659:: Jewish Community of Turkmenistan 3262:Central Council of Jews in Germany 3231:Comunidad Israelita de El Salvador 2581:In July 2011, Olympic news outlet 2283:in 1969 and WJC Secretary General 1599:with Christian and Muslim groups. 1351:Former Austrian Jewish chancellor 1323: 14: 10563: 10537:Organizations established in 1936 9545: 6353:(Press release). January 28, 2017 6054:Philipp Ther, Ana Siljak (2001). 5093:, New York Times, 1 February 2012 4458:, Publisher:JTA, Date: 1944-12-03 3676:Board of Deputies of British Jews 3294:: Comunidad Hebrea de Tegucigalpa 2073:Prosecution of Nazi war criminals 1656:. In December 1936, for example, 1121:Board of Deputies of British Jews 572: 152:World Jewish Congress in Geneva, 10490: 10481: 10480: 10469: 9517: 9499: 9481: 9456: 9431: 9406: 9381: 9356: 9338: 9313: 9288: 9263: 9245: 9224: 9198: 9180: 9166: 9151: 9136: 9118: 9100: 9086: 9072: 9058: 9044: 9030: 9016: 9002: 8988: 8970: 8952: 8938: 8920: 8906: 8892: 8874: 8856: 8838: 8824: 8810: 8792: 8774: 8756: 8742: 8728: 8714: 8700: 8686: 8672: 8658: 8644: 8630: 8616: 8602: 8584: 8570: 8556: 8542: 8524: 8505: 8487: 8472: 8458: 8426: 8412: 8393: 8375: 8357: 8339: 8314: 8301: 8243:Ami Eden and Nathanial Popper, " 8237: 8195: 8120: 8099: 8074: 8053: 8035: 8020: 8005: 7985: 7967: 7949: 7929: 7898: 7883: 7866:"WJC & Jews From Arab Lands" 7858: 7833: 7808: 7783: 7758: 7746:Frey, George (27 January 2010). 7739: 7721: 7706: 7681: 7662: 7643: 7624: 7609: 7580: 7555: 7541: 7526: 7501: 7487: 7471: 7442: 7417: 7399: 7384: 7359: 7344: 7319: 7294: 7282: 7272:"WJC chides Vatican on Pius XII" 7264: 7252: 7238: 7220: 7205: 7190: 7165: 7147: 7129: 7115: 7101: 7083: 7069: 7051: 7037: 7023: 6998: 6956: 6931: 6916: 6891: 6877: 6859: 6840: 6808: 6783: 6757: 6732: 6718:"Accused Nazi war criminal dies" 6709: 6688: 6650: 6631: 6616: 6601: 6587: 6572: 6547: 6526: 6505: 6480: 6459: 6434: 6409: 6384: 6364: 6339: 6325: 6307: 6296: 6277: 6248: 6228: 6175: 6156: 6142: 6133: 6108: 6099: 6090: 6081: 6016: 5994: 5973: 5954: 5921: 5902: 5887: 5869: 5844: 5819: 5794: 5774: 5755: 5735: 5719: 5703: 5654: 5642: 5630: 5612: 5592: 5574: 5554: 5533: 5514: 5470: 5451: 5426: 5381: 5356: 5341: 5329: 5316: 5300: 5280: 5115:Sokol, Sam (December 22, 2013). 5091:"Bronfman Heads Jewish Congress" 4838:, New York Times, 4 January 1989 4715:History of the Claims Conference 3699:: Jewish Community of Uzbekistan 3632:: Jewish Community of Tajikistan 3540:: Comunidade Israelita de Lisboa 3369:: Jewish Community of Kyrgyzstan 3330:: World Jewish Congress – Israel 3131:Confederação Israelita do Brasil 3073:: Jewish Community of Azerbaijan 2890: 2347:was criticized by WJC President 2303:in June 2005, and his successor 1970:program, founded in 1992 by Dr. 1819: 1049:North Africa and the Middle East 897: 807:In 1946, in a memorandum to the 7290:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust 6391:Ap, Ynetnews and (2011-03-16). 6001:Christoph Strack (2022-03-30). 5260: 5248: 5230: 5216: 5207: 5188: 5174: 5160: 5146: 5134: 5108: 5096: 5084: 5066: 5048: 5036: 5026: 5007: 4998: 4989: 4971: 4957: 4948: 4938: 4914: 4893: 4873: 4853: 4841: 4829: 4798: 4777: 4759: 4750: 4741: 4732: 4696: 4687: 4678: 4669: 4651: 4632: 4623: 4611: 4597: 4568: 4539: 4510: 4501: 4489: 4470: 4461: 4449: 4417: 4408: 4399: 4383: 4374: 4365: 4356: 4347: 4338: 4317: 4308: 4299: 4286: 4243: 4234: 4222: 4208: 4191: 4185:"Comité des Délégations Juives" 4176: 4167: 4152: 4143: 4134: 4119: 4093: 4080: 4074: 4065: 4021: 3960:"Comité des Délégations Juives" 3667:Jewish Confederation of Ukraine 3441:: Jevrejska zajednica Crne Gore 3357:: Jewish Congress of Kazakhstan 3217:: Asociación Israelita de Quito 2678:International Olympic Committee 2639: 2604:Jewish refugees from Arab lands 2537:United Nations General Assembly 2375:Good Friday Prayer for the Jews 2025:faced calls from WJC President 1543:Organization and related bodies 1516:In 1997, French Prime Minister 908:needs additional citations for 780:Creation of the State of Israel 430:The Holocaust and its aftermath 10415:Alliance Israélite Universelle 10371:World Union of Jewish Students 9160:"WJC Special Plenary Assembly" 7478:Israel, This Is Not Who We Are 6847:Kirchick, James (6 May 2013). 5105:, Jewish Ledger, 10 April 2012 4809:– via Los Angeles Times. 3998: 3989: 3980: 3966: 3951: 3942: 3928: 3905: 3799:World Union of Jewish Students 3640:Jewish Association of Thailand 3583:: Jewish Community of Slovenia 3465:: Windhoek Hebrew Congregation 3435:: Jewish Community of Mongolia 3300:: Jewish Community Centre Ltd. 3288:: Comunidad Judía de Guatemala 3123:: Jewish Community of Botswana 2839:A. Leon Kubowitzki (1945–1948) 2823:(2007–present, acting to 2009) 2793:, honorary president (1936–43) 2751:to the presidency of the WJC. 2714: 2573:Former Spanish Prime Minister 2527:In 2006, the WJC launched the 2114:Cristina Fernández de Kirchner 1675:After the war, when a wave of 1595:. The WJC is also involved in 1287:, in East Berlin, October 1988 1017:On 25 March 1987, WJC leaders 598:ordered the setting up of the 512:His telegram read as follows: 344:a press conference in Geneva, 1: 10311:Conference of European Rabbis 8261:Barkat, Amiram (2011-05-17). 8152:Barkat, Amiram (2011-05-17). 7754:– via The Boston Globe. 6211:"WJC & Supporting Israel" 5651:, Spiegel Online, 23 May 2001 5255:"A JEWISH PARLEY IN BUDAPEST" 4787:. Sovietjewry.org. 2007-10-30 4250:Medoff, Rafael (2012-06-20). 4231:, New York, 1948, pp. 128–129 3899: 3743:Conference of European Rabbis 3647:: Communauté Juive de Tunisie 3453:: Mozambique Jewish Community 3381:: Jewish Community of Lesotho 3363:: Nairobi Hebrew Congregation 3270:: Jewish Community of Georgia 3111:: Círculo Israelita de La Paz 3046:: Jewish Community in Armenia 2906: 2784: 2779: 2742:Despite vigorously defending 2399:, European Council President 2247:World Jewish Congress leader 2212:Dialogue with other religions 1917:Preserving the memory of the 1843:secondary or tertiary sources 1466:, Undersecretary of Commerce 1033:, as well as the head of the 889:History of the Jews in Russia 728:Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal 700:Meeting with Heinrich Himmler 565:stated in front of President 276:Comité des Délégations Juives 260:Comité des Délégations Juives 8128:"Donate Today – WJC website" 8063:. Albspirit. 4 February 2019 7276:clericalwhispers.blogspot.be 6490:. 2009-07-06. Archived from 6444:. 2007-12-03. Archived from 6419:. 2007-09-27. Archived from 5608:. Reuters. 21 December 1996. 5257:, New York Times, 7 May 1987 3958:Blackwell Reference Online. 3653:: Jewish Community of Turkey 3616:: Swaziland Jewish Community 3477:: New Zealand Jewish Council 3411:: Island Hebrew Congregation 3190:: Jewish Community of Cyprus 2836:Arieh Tartakower (1940–1945) 2475:In 1995, then WJC President 2295:, and Klutznick's successor 1982:Restitution of Jewish assets 1490: 1320:the subjects of discussion. 812:Commonwealth in Palestine." 7: 9210:www.worldjewishcongress.org 8832:"Future Wjc Tasks Outlined" 8518:www.worldjewishcongress.org 8406:www.worldjewishcongress.org 8154:"Where was Edgar Bronfman?" 7656:www.worldjewishcongress.org 7637:www.worldjewishcongress.org 6855:– via Spiegel Online. 6169:www.worldjewishcongress.org 5967:www.worldjewishcongress.org 5350:"Kurt Waldheim (1918–2007)" 4645:www.worldjewishcongress.org 3810: 3711:: Council for Zambian Jewry 3516:: Asociación Judía del Perú 3399:: Jewish Community of Malta 3387:: Lietuvos žydų bendruomenė 3351:: Jewish Community of Japan 3223:: Jewish Community of Cairo 3166:: Centro Israelita Sionista 2817:(1979–2007, acting to 1981) 2805:(1949–1977, acting to 1953) 2403:, WJC Vice-president Rabbi 2255:, represented by Monsignor 2033:chief after he had praised 1738:the Diaspora with Israel". 1457:victims. The WJC entered a 830:Federal Republic of Germany 41:; 88 years ago 10: 10568: 10376:World Zionist Organization 9366:. Uzzno.sk. Archived from 8420:"Irving Miller Dead at 77" 7454:www.middle-east-online.com 6022:Unity in Dispersion, p. 94 5909:Maltz, Judy (7 May 2013). 5762:Maltz, Judy (3 May 2013). 3805:World Zionist Organization 3459:: Myanmar Jewish Community 3178:: Comunidad Hebrea de Cuba 3154:: Comunidad Judia de Chile 2566:senior Iranian officials. 2462:Islamic revolution in 1979 2116:in Buenos Aires, June 2008 1748:delegitimization of Israel 1405: 1129:World Zionist Organization 886: 645:Letter to State Department 591:Bermuda Refugee Conference 490: 327:and his NSDAP in Germany, 281:World Zionist Organization 236: 10464: 10384: 10286: 10261: 10040: 9894: 9808: 9732: 9723: 9648: 9601: 9594: 6724:. Reuters. Archived from 5726:"Canada probes Nazi loot" 5242:www.compass-infodienst.de 4283:: The American Experience 3204:Det Mosaiske Troessamfund 2833:Irving Miller (1936–1940) 2522:state sponsored terrorism 2360:Bishop Richard Williamson 2221:Jewish–Christian dialogue 2112:with Argentine President 1528:Restitution of looted art 1398:is chairman of the WRJO. 301:American Jewish Committee 130: 120: 99: 87: 77: 63: 53: 35: 26: 10431:European Jewish Congress 10336:Jewish Agency for Israel 9158:Congress, World Jewish. 9143:Congress, World Jewish. 8512:Congress, World Jewish. 8479:Congress, World Jewish. 8400:Congress, World Jewish. 8249:The Jewish Daily Forward 8012:Congress, World Jewish. 7890:Congress, World Jewish. 7715:"Stoppt Irans Diktator!" 7713:Congress, World Jewish. 7650:Congress, World Jewish. 7631:Congress, World Jewish. 7391:Congress, World Jewish. 7351:Congress, World Jewish. 7212:Congress, World Jewish. 7197:Congress, World Jewish. 6923:Congress, World Jewish. 6832:Congress, World Jewish. 6623:Congress, World Jewish. 6608:Congress, World Jewish. 6579:Congress, World Jewish. 6292:– via www.welt.de. 6163:Congress, World Jewish. 5961:Congress, World Jewish. 5946:Congress, World Jewish. 5894:Congress, World Jewish. 4717:Retrieved June 21, 2012. 4639:Congress, World Jewish. 4478:'A Jew Talks to Himmler' 3823:European Jewish Congress 3764:Jewish Agency for Israel 3722:WJC member organizations 3681:United States of America 3497:Det Mosaiske Trossamfund 3081:Jewish Community Council 2707:Fundraising and finances 2701:the Holocaust in Albania 2495:Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani 2421:Abdullah of Saudi Arabia 1625:European Jewish Congress 1621:Viatcheslav Moshe Kantor 1617:David René de Rothschild 1553:European Jewish Congress 1388:Jewish Agency for Israel 371:leader of the congress. 329:American Jewish Congress 288:American Jewish Congress 256:American Jewish Congress 10527:501(c)(3) organizations 10341:Jewish Diplomatic Corps 10296:African Jewish Congress 9346:"HOME – Singapore Jews" 9234:. World Jewish Congress 9212:. World Jewish Congress 8514:"World Jewish Congress" 7652:"World Jewish Congress" 7633:"World Jewish Congress" 6772:. project-syndicate.org 6372:"WJC and the Holocaust" 6165:"World Jewish Congress" 5238:"04.12.2017 – Nr. 1756" 3770:Jewish Diplomatic Corps 3727:African Jewish Congress 3557:Russian Jewish Congress 3314:Council of Indian Jewry 2542:In 2008, WJC President 2455: 1976:Austrian Service Abroad 1854:"World Jewish Congress" 1800:The Wall Street Journal 1760:UN Human Rights Council 1635:Jewish Diplomatic Corps 1623:, the president of the 1449:over so-called dormant 1420:In total, the WJC, the 1149:Madrid Peace Conference 1003:Declaration of Helsinki 774:Luna Park, Buenos Aires 611:Third Geneva Convention 223:Buenos Aires, Argentina 10301:Anti-Defamation League 10073:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5420:March 5, 2005, at the 5045:, JTA, 14 October 1975 4126:JTA (17 August 1936). 4040:JTA (18 August 1932). 3731:Anti-Defamation League 3683:: WJC American Section 3571:: Jewish Welfare Board 3238:: Eesti Juudi Kogukond 3115:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3029:WJC member communities 2974: 2962: 2916: 2776: 2765: 2761:Current WJC President 2725:PricewaterhouseCoopers 2578: 2408: 2268: 2231:Second Vatican Council 2181:Hatred on the internet 2117: 2097:Fighting anti-Semitism 2018: 1953:Anti-Defamation League 1941: 1830:relies excessively on 1734: 1695: 1575: 1453:-era bank accounts of 1442: 1304: 1288: 1192: 1156:Arab boycott of Israel 1062: 971: 749:On 21 September 1945, 742: 689: 671: 656: 580:US Treasury Department 537: 523: 459: 360: 317: 264:Paris Peace Conference 181: 165: 157: 58:501(c)(3) organization 10517:World Jewish Congress 9588:World Jewish Congress 9552:World Jewish Congress 9350:www.singaporejews.com 6351:World Jewish Congress 5619:WJC anniversary video 5338:Reuters, 23 June 2007 4580:www.trumanlibrary.org 4551:www.trumanlibrary.org 4522:www.trumanlibrary.org 3786:World ORT World Union 2968: 2960: 2914: 2771: 2760: 2572: 2395:Bosnia's Grand Mufti 2394: 2364:Society of St. Pius X 2320:Jorge Mario Bergoglio 2246: 2104: 2014: 1931: 1811:Holocaust remembrance 1728: 1689: 1647:Relations with Poland 1569: 1438: 1402:Swiss bank settlement 1299: 1282: 1184: 1060: 969: 796:in British Mandatory 792:, i.e. creation of a 736: 684: 666: 654:Aryeh Leon Kubowitzki 652: 596:Franklin D. Roosevelt 528: 521:hydrocyanic acid stop 514: 445: 413:With the outbreak of 355: 312: 186:World Jewish Congress 171: 163: 151: 22:World Jewish Congress 10316:Hillel International 9445:on November 21, 2014 5586:New York Jewish Week 5184:. 20 September 1989. 4018:Garai, pg. 10 and 20 3559:& VAAD of Russia 2674:2012 Summer Olympics 2233:and the Declaration 1615:French banker Baron 1597:inter-faith dialogue 1498:Federal Reserve Bank 1459:class-action lawsuit 1314:German reunification 1223:(who took over from 917:improve this article 794:Jewish National Home 530:Louise Waterman Wise 454:, and French lawyer 138:.worldjewishcongress 10346:Maccabi World Union 9649:Secretaries-General 9615:Stephen Samuel Wise 8696:. 30 November 1944. 8682:. 30 November 1944. 8654:. 27 November 1944. 8580:. 6 September 1933. 8422:. 29 December 1980. 7278:. 22 December 2009. 7248:. 18 November 1993. 7232:www.israelhayom.com 6241:The Times of Israel 5881:Hürriyet Daily News 4826:, Jewish Post, 1996 4617:Michael R. Marrus, 3775:Maccabi World Union 2969:Israel's President 2828:Secretaries-general 2650:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 2622:told the newspaper 2548:Micheline Calmy-Rey 2518:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 2483:-owned US oil firm 2440:Al-Azhar University 2387:Dialogue with Islam 2380:Corriere della Sera 2257:Claudio Maria Celli 2054:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 1957:Jonathan Greenblatt 1947:on the occasion of 1929:. Lauder declared: 1758:bodies such as the 1570:Israel's President 1364:personae non gratae 1105:Cold War activities 1097:and his successor, 1010:told Soviet leader 817:UN General Assembly 763:consultative status 227:Geneva, Switzerland 106:David de Rothschild 23: 10476:Judaism portal 9957:Dominican Republic 9674:Gerhart M. Riegner 9668:A. Leon Kubowitzki 9633:Edgar Bronfman Sr. 9192:2014-05-21 at the 9132:. 4 November 1924. 9114:. 4 November 1924. 9096:. 2 November 2001. 9082:. 2 November 2001. 9054:. 6 February 1996. 8998:. 4 February 1986. 8948:. 22 January 1986. 8916:. 20 January 1981. 8902:. 4 November 1977. 8834:. 7 February 1975. 8820:. 4 February 1975. 8710:. 6 November 1944. 8387:2013-12-24 at the 8369:2012-10-24 at the 8351:2012-10-24 at the 8207:The New York Times 8201:Stephanie Strom, " 7413:. 9 December 2010. 7159:2011-12-06 at the 7033:. 12 October 1945. 6660:. 24 January 2017. 6597:. 30 January 2017. 5933:2014-08-27 at the 5692:2005-11-22 at the 5674:, 10 November 1998 5666:2010-09-19 at the 5624:2012-08-25 at the 5606:The New York Times 5588:. 5 December 1997. 5568:The New York Times 5548:The New York Times 5526:2020-09-20 at the 5483:2007-01-01 at the 5463:2007-03-01 at the 5348:Henning, Dietmar. 5200:2016-03-10 at the 5156:. 13 January 1986. 5143:, JTA, 24 May 1982 5121:The Jerusalem Post 4903:. 29 February 2008 4483:2012-01-10 at the 4279:2017-02-08 at the 4183:Feinberg, Nathan. 3888:Menachem Rosensaft 3209:Dominican Republic 2980:Edgar Bronfman Sr. 2975: 2963: 2917: 2861:Stephen E. Herbits 2843:Gerhart M. Riegner 2815:Edgar Bronfman Sr. 2777: 2766: 2579: 2477:Edgar Bronfman Sr. 2447:Pluralistic Israel 2409: 2297:Edgar Bronfman Sr. 2287:in 1975. In 1979, 2279:met WJC President 2269: 2249:Gerhart M. Riegner 2118: 2046:Charlotte Knobloch 2019: 1972:Andreas Maislinger 1742:Israeli legitimacy 1735: 1721:Support for Israel 1696: 1603:Current leadership 1576: 1443: 1412:Bergier Commission 1289: 1209:Edgar Bronfman Sr. 1193: 1162:Leadership changes 1114:Eugen Gerstenmaier 1063: 972: 743: 657: 559:Fiorello LaGuardia 538: 481:Ignacy Schwarzbart 460: 361: 182: 166: 158: 112:, Vice President; 110:Charlotte Knobloch 21: 10504: 10503: 10441:Claims Conference 10282: 10281: 9719: 9718: 9698:Michael Schneider 8752:. 13 August 1959. 8640:. 10 August 1936. 8626:. 10 August 1936. 8612:. 11 August 1936. 8566:. 18 August 1932. 8552:. 16 August 1932. 8402:"Ronald S Lauder" 8088:. 31 January 2019 7535:Los Angeles Times 7497:. 4 January 1995. 7308:. 5 February 2009 7047:. 7 January 1969. 6770:Project Syndicate 6031:Devorah Hakohen, 5732:, 8 December 2000 5716:, 4 December 1998 5022:978-0-19-992030-3 4850:, JTA, 7 May 1991 4437:on March 23, 2017 4395:978-0-394-42813-0 4327:. PBS. 1942-08-28 3818:Claims Conference 3004:as WJC president) 2982:as WJC president) 2953:as WJC president) 2937:as WJC president) 2927:as WJC president) 2867:Michael Schneider 2646:Hugo Chávez Frias 2633:Avigdor Lieberman 2401:Herman Van Rompuy 2301:Pope Benedict XVI 2293:Pope John Paul II 2208:common decency." 2200:Los Angeles Times 2063:David M. Friedman 2023:Bernie Ecclestone 2016:Bernie Ecclestone 1915: 1914: 1907: 1889: 1440:Edgar M. Bronfman 1392:Claims Conference 1261:Pope John Paul II 1215:Edgar M. Bronfman 1019:Edgar M. Bronfman 1012:Mikhail Gorbachev 991:Nikita Khrushchev 949: 948: 941: 839:Claims Conference 600:War Refugee Board 557:, New York Mayor 469:Charles de Gaulle 400:League of Nations 396:League of Nations 381:League of Nations 335:Foundation (1936) 207:Brussels, Belgium 192:) was founded in 146: 145: 10559: 10494: 10493: 10484: 10483: 10474: 10473: 10472: 9730: 9729: 9662:Arieh Tartakower 9627:Philip Klutznick 9599: 9598: 9581: 9574: 9567: 9558: 9557: 9540: 9539: 9537: 9536: 9521: 9515: 9514: 9503: 9497: 9496: 9485: 9479: 9478: 9476: 9475: 9460: 9454: 9453: 9451: 9450: 9435: 9429: 9428: 9426: 9425: 9410: 9404: 9403: 9401: 9400: 9385: 9379: 9378: 9376: 9375: 9360: 9354: 9353: 9342: 9336: 9335: 9333: 9332: 9317: 9311: 9310: 9308: 9307: 9292: 9286: 9285: 9283: 9282: 9267: 9261: 9260: 9257:www.conib.org.br 9249: 9243: 9242: 9240: 9239: 9228: 9222: 9221: 9219: 9217: 9202: 9196: 9184: 9178: 9177: 9176:. 23 April 2017. 9170: 9164: 9163: 9155: 9149: 9148: 9140: 9134: 9133: 9122: 9116: 9115: 9104: 9098: 9097: 9090: 9084: 9083: 9076: 9070: 9069: 9068:. November 2001. 9062: 9056: 9055: 9048: 9042: 9041: 9034: 9028: 9027: 9020: 9014: 9013: 9006: 9000: 8999: 8992: 8986: 8985: 8980:. Archived from 8974: 8968: 8967: 8962:. Archived from 8956: 8950: 8949: 8942: 8936: 8935: 8930:. Archived from 8924: 8918: 8917: 8910: 8904: 8903: 8896: 8890: 8889: 8884:. Archived from 8878: 8872: 8871: 8866:. Archived from 8860: 8854: 8853: 8848:. Archived from 8842: 8836: 8835: 8828: 8822: 8821: 8814: 8808: 8807: 8802:. Archived from 8796: 8790: 8789: 8784:. Archived from 8778: 8772: 8771: 8766:. Archived from 8760: 8754: 8753: 8746: 8740: 8739: 8738:. 5 August 1953. 8732: 8726: 8725: 8718: 8712: 8711: 8704: 8698: 8697: 8690: 8684: 8683: 8676: 8670: 8669: 8668:. November 1944. 8662: 8656: 8655: 8648: 8642: 8641: 8634: 8628: 8627: 8620: 8614: 8613: 8606: 8600: 8599: 8594:. 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Archived from 7862: 7856: 7855: 7853: 7852: 7845:Jewish Chronicle 7837: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7827: 7812: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7802: 7793:. Archived from 7787: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7777: 7768:. Archived from 7762: 7756: 7755: 7743: 7737: 7736: 7733:www.usatoday.com 7725: 7719: 7718: 7710: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7700: 7691:. Archived from 7685: 7679: 7678: 7666: 7660: 7659: 7647: 7641: 7640: 7628: 7622: 7618:Jewish Chronicle 7613: 7607: 7606: 7604: 7603: 7594:. Archived from 7584: 7578: 7577: 7575: 7574: 7565:. Archived from 7559: 7553: 7552: 7545: 7539: 7530: 7524: 7523: 7521: 7520: 7511:. Archived from 7505: 7499: 7498: 7491: 7485: 7475: 7469: 7468: 7466: 7465: 7456:. Archived from 7446: 7440: 7439: 7437: 7436: 7427:. Archived from 7421: 7415: 7414: 7403: 7397: 7396: 7388: 7382: 7381: 7379: 7378: 7369:. Archived from 7363: 7357: 7356: 7348: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7338: 7329:. 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Archived from 6736: 6730: 6729: 6728:on May 17, 2014. 6713: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6703: 6692: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6682: 6671: 6662: 6661: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6635: 6629: 6628: 6620: 6614: 6613: 6605: 6599: 6598: 6591: 6585: 6584: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6566: 6557:. Archived from 6551: 6545: 6544: 6542: 6541: 6530: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6520: 6509: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6499: 6484: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6474: 6463: 6457: 6456: 6454: 6453: 6438: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6428: 6413: 6407: 6406: 6404: 6403: 6388: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6378: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6358: 6343: 6337: 6336: 6329: 6323: 6322: 6311: 6305: 6300: 6294: 6293: 6281: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6271: 6262:. Archived from 6252: 6246: 6245: 6232: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6222: 6213:. Archived from 6207: 6198: 6197: 6195: 6194: 6185:. 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Lauder 1345:German reprisals 1201:Philip Klutznick 987:Nikolai Bulganin 944: 937: 933: 930: 924: 901: 893: 721:Post-war efforts 715:Folke Bernadotte 706:Heinrich Himmler 589:However, at the 584:Henry Morgenthau 563:Henry Morgenthau 493:Riegner Telegram 487:Riegner Telegram 268:Treaty of Sèvres 142: 139: 137: 126:Plenary Assembly 94:Ronald S. Lauder 49: 47: 42: 39:August 1936 31: 24: 20: 10567: 10566: 10562: 10561: 10560: 10558: 10557: 10556: 10507: 10506: 10505: 10500: 10470: 10468: 10460: 10456:Auschwitz cross 10409:Grand Sanhedrin 10394:Jewish diaspora 10386: 10380: 10288: 10278: 10257: 10193:North Macedonia 10036: 9890: 9804: 9725: 9715: 9692:Stephen Herbits 9644: 9590: 9585: 9548: 9543: 9534: 9532: 9523: 9522: 9518: 9505: 9504: 9500: 9493:www.cciu.org.uy 9487: 9486: 9482: 9473: 9471: 9464:"United States" 9462: 9461: 9457: 9448: 9446: 9437: 9436: 9432: 9423: 9421: 9412: 9411: 9407: 9398: 9396: 9387: 9386: 9382: 9373: 9371: 9362: 9361: 9357: 9344: 9343: 9339: 9330: 9328: 9319: 9318: 9314: 9305: 9303: 9294: 9293: 9289: 9280: 9278: 9269: 9268: 9264: 9251: 9250: 9246: 9237: 9235: 9230: 9229: 9225: 9215: 9213: 9204: 9203: 9199: 9194:Wayback Machine 9185: 9181: 9172: 9171: 9167: 9156: 9152: 9141: 9137: 9130:archive.jta.org 9124: 9123: 9119: 9112:archive.jta.org 9106: 9105: 9101: 9092: 9091: 9087: 9078: 9077: 9073: 9064: 9063: 9059: 9050: 9049: 9045: 9036: 9035: 9031: 9022: 9021: 9017: 9008: 9007: 9003: 8994: 8993: 8989: 8976: 8975: 8971: 8958: 8957: 8953: 8944: 8943: 8939: 8926: 8925: 8921: 8912: 8911: 8907: 8898: 8897: 8893: 8880: 8879: 8875: 8862: 8861: 8857: 8844: 8843: 8839: 8830: 8829: 8825: 8816: 8815: 8811: 8798: 8797: 8793: 8780: 8779: 8775: 8762: 8761: 8757: 8748: 8747: 8743: 8734: 8733: 8729: 8720: 8719: 8715: 8706: 8705: 8701: 8692: 8691: 8687: 8678: 8677: 8673: 8664: 8663: 8659: 8650: 8649: 8645: 8636: 8635: 8631: 8622: 8621: 8617: 8608: 8607: 8603: 8590: 8589: 8585: 8576: 8575: 8571: 8562: 8561: 8557: 8548: 8547: 8543: 8530: 8529: 8525: 8510: 8506: 8493: 8492: 8488: 8477: 8473: 8464: 8463: 8459: 8449: 8447: 8446:on 4 March 2016 8443: 8436: 8432: 8431: 8427: 8418: 8417: 8413: 8398: 8394: 8389:Wayback Machine 8380: 8376: 8371:Wayback Machine 8362: 8358: 8353:Wayback Machine 8344: 8340: 8331: 8329: 8320: 8319: 8315: 8306: 8302: 8293: 8291: 8282: 8281: 8277: 8268: 8266: 8259: 8255: 8242: 8238: 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Wise 2909: 2893: 2888: 2830: 2797:Stephen S. Wise 2787: 2782: 2717: 2709: 2642: 2600: 2458: 2449: 2389: 2285:Gerhart Riegner 2267:, December 1993 2261:State of Israel 2223: 2214: 2183: 2099: 2075: 2005: 1984: 1923:Christian Wulff 1911: 1900: 1894: 1891: 1848: 1846: 1840: 1836:primary sources 1824: 1813: 1744: 1723: 1681:Gen. Spychalski 1649: 1637: 1605: 1545: 1530: 1507: 1493: 1477:Federal Reserve 1414: 1404: 1384: 1326: 1324:Waldheim affair 1277: 1269:the large cross 1253:Gerhart Riegner 1241: 1225:Gerhart Riegner 1217: 1164: 1137: 1107: 1051: 1039:Morris B. Abram 957:State of Israel 945: 934: 928: 925: 914: 902: 891: 885: 859:State of Israel 846:Konrad Adenauer 826: 782: 723: 702: 692:Related video: 679:Stephen S. Wise 647: 575: 542:Stephen S. Wise 534:Stephen S. Wise 499:Gerhart Riegner 495: 489: 446:Left to right: 432: 389:Gerhart Riegner 385:Paul Guggenheim 346:Stephen S. 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2013-04-15. 8855: 8852:on 2013-01-13. 8837: 8823: 8809: 8806:on 2013-04-15. 8791: 8788:on 2013-04-15. 8773: 8770:on 2013-04-15. 8755: 8741: 8727: 8724:. 2 July 1948. 8713: 8699: 8685: 8671: 8657: 8643: 8629: 8615: 8601: 8598:on 2013-04-15. 8583: 8569: 8555: 8541: 8523: 8504: 8486: 8471: 8468:. 12 May 2023. 8457: 8425: 8411: 8392: 8374: 8356: 8338: 8313: 8309:New York Times 8300: 8275: 8253: 8236: 8211: 8194: 8169: 8144: 8119: 8098: 8073: 8052: 8034: 8019: 8004: 7984: 7966: 7948: 7928: 7897: 7882: 7857: 7832: 7807: 7782: 7757: 7738: 7720: 7705: 7680: 7661: 7642: 7623: 7620:, 17 July 2012 7608: 7579: 7554: 7540: 7525: 7500: 7486: 7482:New York Times 7470: 7441: 7416: 7398: 7383: 7358: 7343: 7318: 7293: 7281: 7263: 7251: 7237: 7219: 7204: 7189: 7164: 7146: 7128: 7114: 7111:. 23 May 2003. 7100: 7097:on 2013-01-13. 7082: 7068: 7065:on 2013-01-12. 7050: 7036: 7022: 6997: 6969: 6955: 6930: 6915: 6890: 6876: 6858: 6839: 6821: 6807: 6782: 6756: 6731: 6708: 6687: 6663: 6649: 6630: 6615: 6600: 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4373: 4364: 4355: 4346: 4337: 4316: 4307: 4298: 4285: 4263: 4242: 4233: 4221: 4218:. 8 June 1942. 4207: 4190: 4175: 4166: 4151: 4142: 4133: 4118: 4101: 4092: 4089:on 2013-01-13. 4073: 4064: 4047: 4029: 4020: 4006: 3997: 3988: 3979: 3965: 3950: 3941: 3927: 3918: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3863:Nahum Goldmann 3860: 3855: 3853:Edgar Bronfman 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3808: 3807: 3802: 3796: 3791: 3790:World Mizrachi 3788: 3783: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3723: 3720: 3719: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3684: 3678: 3672:United Kingdom 3669: 3660: 3654: 3648: 3642: 3633: 3627: 3617: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3593: 3584: 3578: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3550: 3541: 3535: 3526: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3499: 3490: 3484: 3478: 3472: 3466: 3460: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3364: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3331: 3325: 3316: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3271: 3265: 3255: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3224: 3218: 3212: 3206: 3197: 3194:Czech Republic 3191: 3185: 3184:: Mikve Israel 3179: 3173: 3167: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3140: 3134: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3089: 3083: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3030: 3027: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3005: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2955: 2954: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2935:Nahum Goldmann 2931: 2928: 2921: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2883: 2882: 2876: 2870: 2864: 2858: 2852: 2846: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2829: 2826: 2825: 2824: 2818: 2812: 2806: 2803:Nahum Goldmann 2800: 2794: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2716: 2713: 2708: 2705: 2693:Besiana Kadare 2641: 2638: 2612:United Nations 2599: 2596: 2457: 2454: 2448: 2445: 2388: 2385: 2281:Nahum Goldmann 2222: 2219: 2213: 2210: 2182: 2179: 2098: 2095: 2083:John Demjanjuk 2074: 2071: 2021:In July 2009, 2004: 2001: 1983: 1980: 1913: 1912: 1827: 1825: 1818: 1812: 1809: 1756:United Nations 1743: 1740: 1722: 1719: 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The WJC has 219:Moscow, Russia 144: 143: 132: 128: 127: 124: 121: 118: 117: 103: 100: 97: 96: 91: 88: 85: 84: 81: 79:Region served 78: 75: 74: 65: 61: 60: 55: 51: 50: 37: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10564: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10514: 10512: 10497: 10489: 10487: 10479: 10477: 10467: 10466: 10463: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10416: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10391: 10389: 10383: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10293: 10291: 10289:organisations 10285: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10266: 10264: 10260: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10045: 10043: 10039: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10022:United States 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9899: 9897: 9893: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9813: 9811: 9807: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9737: 9735: 9731: 9728: 9722: 9711: 9710:Robert Singer 9708: 9705: 9702: 9699: 9696: 9693: 9690: 9687: 9684: 9681: 9680:Israel Singer 9678: 9675: 9672: 9669: 9666: 9663: 9660: 9657: 9656:Irving Miller 9654: 9653: 9651: 9647: 9640: 9639:Ronald Lauder 9637: 9634: 9631: 9628: 9625: 9622: 9619: 9616: 9613: 9610: 9607: 9606: 9604: 9600: 9597: 9593: 9589: 9582: 9577: 9575: 9570: 9568: 9563: 9562: 9559: 9553: 9550: 9549: 9531:on 2013-05-20 9530: 9526: 9520: 9512: 9508: 9502: 9494: 9490: 9484: 9470:on 2013-05-20 9469: 9465: 9459: 9444: 9440: 9434: 9420:on 2013-05-20 9419: 9415: 9409: 9395:on 2013-05-20 9394: 9390: 9384: 9370:on 2013-06-23 9369: 9365: 9359: 9351: 9347: 9341: 9327:on 2013-05-20 9326: 9322: 9316: 9302:on 2013-05-20 9301: 9297: 9291: 9277:on 2013-05-20 9276: 9272: 9266: 9258: 9254: 9248: 9233: 9227: 9211: 9207: 9201: 9195: 9191: 9188: 9183: 9175: 9169: 9161: 9154: 9146: 9139: 9131: 9127: 9121: 9113: 9109: 9103: 9095: 9089: 9081: 9075: 9067: 9061: 9053: 9047: 9040:. 7 May 1991. 9039: 9033: 9025: 9019: 9012:. 9 May 1991. 9011: 9005: 8997: 8991: 8983: 8979: 8973: 8965: 8961: 8955: 8947: 8941: 8933: 8929: 8923: 8915: 8909: 8901: 8895: 8887: 8883: 8877: 8869: 8865: 8859: 8851: 8847: 8841: 8833: 8827: 8819: 8813: 8805: 8801: 8795: 8787: 8783: 8777: 8769: 8765: 8759: 8751: 8745: 8737: 8731: 8723: 8717: 8709: 8703: 8695: 8689: 8681: 8675: 8667: 8661: 8653: 8647: 8639: 8633: 8625: 8619: 8611: 8605: 8597: 8593: 8587: 8579: 8573: 8565: 8559: 8551: 8545: 8537: 8533: 8527: 8519: 8515: 8508: 8500: 8496: 8490: 8482: 8475: 8467: 8461: 8442: 8435: 8429: 8421: 8415: 8407: 8403: 8396: 8390: 8386: 8383: 8378: 8372: 8368: 8365: 8360: 8354: 8350: 8347: 8342: 8328:on 2012-10-24 8327: 8323: 8317: 8310: 8304: 8290:on 2008-07-06 8289: 8285: 8279: 8265:. Haaretz.com 8264: 8257: 8250: 8246: 8240: 8226:on 2007-09-29 8225: 8221: 8215: 8208: 8204: 8198: 8184:on 2007-09-29 8183: 8179: 8173: 8159: 8155: 8148: 8134:on 2013-08-29 8133: 8129: 8123: 8108: 8102: 8087: 8083: 8077: 8062: 8056: 8048: 8044: 8043:"Haaretz.Com" 8038: 8030: 8023: 8015: 8008: 7994: 7988: 7980: 7976: 7970: 7962: 7958: 7952: 7944: 7943: 7938: 7932: 7918:on 2012-10-24 7914: 7907: 7901: 7893: 7886: 7872:on 2012-06-02 7871: 7867: 7861: 7846: 7842: 7836: 7822:on 2012-04-05 7821: 7817: 7811: 7797:on 2013-05-20 7796: 7792: 7786: 7772:on 2013-01-12 7771: 7767: 7761: 7753: 7749: 7742: 7734: 7730: 7724: 7716: 7709: 7695:on 2012-07-24 7694: 7690: 7684: 7676: 7672: 7665: 7657: 7653: 7646: 7638: 7634: 7627: 7621: 7619: 7612: 7598:on 2013-12-07 7597: 7593: 7589: 7583: 7569:on 2013-05-20 7568: 7564: 7558: 7551:. 2 May 1995. 7550: 7544: 7538: 7536: 7529: 7515:on 2012-06-24 7514: 7510: 7504: 7496: 7490: 7483: 7479: 7474: 7460:on 2017-12-06 7459: 7455: 7451: 7445: 7431:on 2013-01-12 7430: 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5627: 5623: 5620: 5615: 5607: 5602: 5595: 5587: 5583: 5577: 5569: 5564: 5557: 5549: 5544: 5536: 5529: 5525: 5522: 5517: 5509: 5508: 5503: 5497: 5495: 5493: 5486: 5482: 5479: 5473: 5466: 5462: 5459: 5454: 5440:on 2007-03-17 5439: 5435: 5429: 5423: 5419: 5416: 5412: 5410: 5395:on 2012-06-30 5394: 5390: 5384: 5370:on 2012-06-10 5369: 5365: 5359: 5351: 5344: 5337: 5332: 5325: 5319: 5312: 5308: 5303: 5295: 5294: 5289: 5283: 5275: 5274: 5269: 5263: 5256: 5251: 5243: 5239: 5233: 5225: 5219: 5210: 5203: 5199: 5196: 5191: 5183: 5177: 5169: 5163: 5155: 5149: 5142: 5137: 5122: 5118: 5111: 5104: 5099: 5092: 5087: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5061: 5057: 5051: 5044: 5039: 5029: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5010: 5001: 4992: 4984: 4980: 4974: 4966: 4960: 4951: 4941: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4917: 4902: 4896: 4882: 4876: 4862: 4856: 4849: 4844: 4837: 4832: 4825: 4819: 4817: 4808: 4801: 4786: 4780: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4753: 4744: 4735: 4726: 4724: 4716: 4711: 4709: 4699: 4690: 4681: 4672: 4664: 4660: 4654: 4646: 4642: 4635: 4626: 4620: 4614: 4606: 4600: 4586:on 2017-12-06 4585: 4581: 4577: 4571: 4557:on 2017-12-07 4556: 4552: 4548: 4542: 4528:on 2017-12-07 4527: 4523: 4519: 4513: 4504: 4498: 4492: 4486: 4482: 4479: 4473: 4464: 4457: 4452: 4441:September 18, 4436: 4432: 4431: 4426: 4420: 4411: 4402: 4396: 4392: 4386: 4377: 4368: 4359: 4350: 4341: 4326: 4320: 4311: 4302: 4295: 4289: 4282: 4278: 4275: 4270: 4268: 4253: 4246: 4237: 4230: 4225: 4217: 4211: 4200: 4194: 4186: 4179: 4170: 4162: 4159:Roizen, Ron. 4155: 4146: 4137: 4129: 4122: 4114: 4108: 4106: 4096: 4088: 4084: 4077: 4068: 4060: 4054: 4052: 4043: 4036: 4034: 4024: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4001: 3992: 3983: 3975: 3969: 3961: 3954: 3945: 3937: 3931: 3922: 3914: 3908: 3904: 3894: 3893:Israel Singer 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3883:Eli Rosenbaum 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3815: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739:International 3738: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3726: 3725: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3293: 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2759: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2745: 2744:Israel Singer 2740: 2736: 2732: 2730: 2729:Eliot Spitzer 2726: 2722: 2712: 2704: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2682:Jacques Rogge 2679: 2675: 2672:Ahead of the 2670: 2668: 2663: 2659: 2654: 2651: 2647: 2637: 2634: 2629: 2627: 2626: 2621: 2620:Hanan Ashrawi 2616: 2613: 2608: 2605: 2602:The issue of 2595: 2593: 2588: 2584: 2576: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2561: 2560:Peter Löscher 2557: 2552: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2538: 2532: 2530: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2511: 2507: 2502: 2500: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2453: 2444: 2441: 2436: 2432: 2430: 2429:Marc Schneier 2426: 2422: 2417: 2414: 2406: 2405:Marc Schneier 2402: 2398: 2397:Mustafa Ceric 2393: 2384: 2382: 2381: 2376: 2372: 2367: 2365: 2361: 2356: 2354: 2353:Pope Pius XII 2350: 2346: 2345:Pope Pius XII 2342: 2339:and possible 2338: 2337:beatification 2333: 2330: 2328: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2316:Ronald Lauder 2312: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2273:Pope Pius XII 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2245: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2236:Nostra aetate 2232: 2228: 2218: 2209: 2206: 2202: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2189: 2178: 2174: 2172: 2168: 2163: 2159: 2154: 2151: 2145: 2142: 2141:Johan Galtung 2137: 2135: 2130: 2128: 2123: 2122:anti-Semitism 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2094: 2092: 2087: 2084: 2079: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2058: 2055: 2050: 2047: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2029:to resign as 2028: 2024: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2000: 1996: 1995: 1992: 1988: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1940: 1937: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1909: 1906: 1898: 1887: 1884: 1880: 1877: 1873: 1870: 1866: 1863: 1859: 1856: – 1855: 1851: 1850:Find sources: 1844: 1838: 1837: 1833: 1828:This section 1826: 1822: 1817: 1816: 1808: 1806: 1805:Mahmoud Abbas 1802: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1778: 1776: 1771: 1768: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1751: 1749: 1739: 1732: 1727: 1718: 1715: 1709: 1705: 1702: 1693: 1688: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1644: 1642: 1632: 1628: 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999: 995: 992: 988: 983: 981: 980:Joseph Stalin 977: 976:Doctors' plot 968: 964: 960: 958: 954: 951:Although the 943: 940: 932: 922: 918: 912: 911: 906:This section 904: 900: 895: 894: 890: 880: 878: 873: 871: 866: 862: 860: 855: 850: 847: 842: 840: 836: 831: 821: 818: 813: 810: 805: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 777: 776:, Argentina. 775: 770: 768: 764: 760: 755: 752: 751:Pope Pius XII 747: 741:, August 1948 740: 735: 731: 729: 718: 716: 711: 710:Norbert Masur 707: 697: 696: 695: 688: 683: 680: 676: 675:Atlantic City 670: 665: 663: 655: 651: 642: 641:for a while. 640: 636: 635:Peter Bergson 632: 628: 624: 623:Bergson Group 620: 615: 612: 608: 603: 601: 597: 592: 587: 585: 581: 570: 568: 564: 560: 556: 550: 547: 543: 535: 531: 527: 522: 519: 513: 510: 508: 504: 500: 494: 484: 482: 476: 474: 470: 464: 457: 453: 449: 444: 440: 438: 427: 423: 420: 416: 411: 408: 407:Kristallnacht 403: 401: 397: 392: 390: 387:and later by 386: 382: 377: 374: 370: 366: 358: 354: 350: 347: 341: 332: 330: 326: 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In April, 703: 691: 690: 685: 672: 667: 658: 639:Harry Truman 619:Stephen Wise 616: 604: 588: 582:, headed by 576: 551: 539: 517: 515: 511: 496: 477: 473:Vichy regime 465: 461: 456:Henry Torrès 452:Stephen Wise 433: 424: 415:World War II 412: 404: 393: 378: 368: 362: 342: 338: 325:Adolf Hitler 322: 318: 313: 305: 296:Stephen Wise 285: 275: 259: 253: 240: 189: 185: 183: 180:, 7 May 2013 114:Chella Safra 64:Headquarters 18: 10496:WikiProject 10274:New Zealand 10248:Switzerland 10188:Netherlands 9967:El Salvador 9856:Philippines 9726:communities 9712:(2013–2019) 9706:(2011–2012) 9700:(2007–2011) 9694:(2005–2007) 9688:(2001–2003) 9682:(1983–2001) 9676:(1948–1983) 9670:(1945–1948) 9664:(1940–1945) 9658:(1936–1940) 9635:(1979–2007) 9629:(1977–1979) 9623:(1949–1977) 9617:(1944–1949) 9611:(1936–1943) 9609:Julian Mack 6853:Der Spiegel 6722:Toronto Sun 4476:Frank Fox, 3873:Isi Leibler 3620:Switzerland 3520:Philippines 3475:New Zealand 3469:Netherlands 3227:El Salvador 3099: [ 2875:(2011–2012) 2869:(2007–2011) 2863:(2005–2007) 2857:(2001–2003) 2811:(1977–1979) 2791:Julian Mack 2721:Isi Leibler 2715:Controversy 2669:as saying. 2658:Shahar Peer 2529:Iran Update 2506:Red Notices 2171:Zsolt Bayer 2091:Peter Egner 2031:Formula One 1974:, from the 1701:David Rosen 1694:, June 2008 1692:Donald Tusk 1664:, but this 1559:attention. 1518:Alain Juppé 1447:Switzerland 1430:Swiss banks 1309:Volkskammer 1294:Hans Modrow 1091:Arab League 1067:Arab League 929:August 2023 739:Switzerland 631:Hillel Kook 365:Julian Mack 292:Julian Mack 272:Leo Motzkin 243:Switzerland 198:Switzerland 154:Switzerland 116:, Treasurer 10511:Categories 10287:Affiliated 10183:Montenegro 10163:Luxembourg 10058:Azerbaijan 9987:Martinique 9942:Costa Rica 9886:Uzbekistan 9866:Tajikistan 9841:Kyrgyzstan 9836:Kazakhstan 9770:Mozambique 9724:Affiliated 9602:Presidents 9535:2013-08-18 9525:"Zimbabwe" 9474:2013-08-18 9449:2013-08-18 9424:2013-08-18 9399:2013-08-18 9374:2013-08-18 9331:2013-08-18 9306:2013-08-18 9281:2013-08-18 9271:"Bulgaria" 9238:2013-08-18 8332:2012-07-03 8294:2012-01-17 8269:2012-01-17 8230:2012-01-17 8188:2012-01-17 8163:2012-01-17 8138:2013-06-06 8113:2020-03-29 8092:2019-12-19 8067:2019-12-19 7998:2012-06-07 7922:2012-10-30 7876:2012-06-07 7851:2012-06-27 7826:2012-01-17 7801:2012-07-09 7776:2012-07-09 7752:Boston.com 7699:2012-07-09 7602:2012-07-13 7573:2012-07-13 7519:2012-07-13 7464:2012-07-10 7435:2012-07-05 7377:2012-06-07 7337:2012-07-08 7312:2012-06-07 7288:See also: 7258:See also: 7183:2012-07-16 7016:2012-06-07 6991:2012-06-07 6949:2017-05-16 6909:2017-05-16 6801:2012-07-09 6776:2019-07-17 6750:2012-06-07 6702:2012-07-02 6681:2012-07-02 6565:2012-07-10 6540:2012-07-02 6519:2012-07-02 6498:2012-07-02 6473:2012-07-02 6452:2012-07-02 6427:2012-07-02 6402:2012-07-02 6377:2012-07-02 6357:2017-01-29 6270:2012-07-09 6221:2012-06-07 6193:2012-07-09 6126:2013-08-18 6009:2022-05-11 5987:2020-06-08 5862:2012-06-12 5837:2013-06-06 5812:2012-06-12 5787:2012-06-12 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