481:
to end religion matching of probationers, turned to AJCongress lawyers to craft a legal strategy. The lawyers at the AJCongress proffered an employment discrimination argument, noting that judges on the court only hired as many Jewish probation officers as there were Jewish probationers. They used this argument to file a claim with New York's State
Commission Against Discrimination (SCAD), which was also the first state anti-discrimination agency in the country. This claim was partially successful in that it forced judges to hire probation officers without regard to religion, but still allowed matching based on religion.
1062:" She argued that the proposed advertisement was inconsistent with the magazine's policy to accept only "mission-driven advertisements from primarily non-profit, non-partisan organizations", suggesting that the advertisement could have been perceived "as favoring certain political parties within Israel over other parties, but also with its slogan 'This is Israel,' the ad implied that women in Israel hold equal positions of power with men." Spillar stated that the magazine had "covered the Israeli feminist movement and women leaders in Israel ... eleven times" in the last four years.
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240:
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invested with him, and Madoff became a trusted advisor of AJCongress on financial matters. The AJCongress increased its investments with Madoff in 2004, after it sold its New York headquarters for $ 18 million in 2003, and when the
Steinbergs died they left approximately $ 17 million to the organization, which was also invested with Madoff. While the financial losses of the endowment were crippling, others noted that the AJCongress had long been in the shadow of larger American Jewish organizations such as the
505:), Rabbi Joseph Karasick, said that the AJCongress "speaks for itself only and is under no circumstances to be taken as representing the American Jewish community. The Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America, central spokesman for this country's 3,100 Orthodox synagogues, as well as all Orthodox rabbinic bodies and every other Orthodox Jewish body, have given full support to the Federal Education Act and deem its provisions to be consonant with the principle of church-state separation."
3602:
36:
465:, legislative reform, and litigation as a means of bolstering a sense of Jewish identity and community. In order to further these goals, the AJCongress created the Commission on Community Interrelations (CCI) and the Commission on Law and Social Action (CLSA). The CCI worked to use psychology and social engineering to combat prejudice and developed psychological studies to bolster anti-discrimination legislation. The CLSA, chaired by
1027:, President of AJCongress, 'except that the publishers − and if the publishers are right, a significant number of Ms. Magazine readers − are so hostile to Israel that they do not even want to see an ad that says something positive about Israel?' ... 'Clearly Ms. has changed a great deal from the days when AJCongress members and leaders of the AJCongress' Commission for Women's Equality − including
140:
624:
and his firm, money that supported the AJCongress and its programs. The endowments supported about one quarter of the AJCongress' budget, which was $ 6.2 million in 2006. The AJCongress had connected with Madoff through Martin and
Lillian Steinberg, supporters of AJCongress and friends of Madoff who
553:
In the late 1990s and into the 2000s, the AJCongress experienced the defection of a number of local chapters, including those in Boston, Philadelphia, and Los
Angeles. There were disputes over ideological issues and finances. Some of those chapters have since reestablished themselves as independent
480:
AJCongress lawyers successfully challenged racial and religious segregation in public schools, citing the psychological harm produced in school children. These lawyers employed civil rights and
Establishment Clause arguments. Jewish judges in New York, unable to gain the support of their colleagues
655:
study rather than secular subjects. For 2010, 63 of the 152 religious institutions that received Pell Grants were Jewish, the data shows. The Jewish schools received 53% of the $ 84.5 million in Pell Grant money that went to religious schools in 2010. Of the top ten Pell Grant recipients in dollar
521:
which equated it with South Africa's
Apartheid and was supported by the Mexican government at the time. Joint with other Jewish American organizations, the AJCongress announced the suspension of all their trips to Mexico on 28 November 1975, after 30 unanimous votes during an executive committee
500:
educators and leaders in over 30 states and over 100 communities representing 330 Hebrew day schools insisted that the AJCongress did not speak for
American Jews on religious or educational issues, and was viewed by some in the Jewish community as primarily a secular agency. The president of the
446:
elite in
America, these leaders were eager and willing to join the public battle for Jewish civil rights. Unlike other Jewish organizations such as the American Jewish Committee and the ADL, AJC preferred a more direct approach to addressing antisemitism through litigation and lobbying for legal
537:
case, the AJCongress opposed racial quota systems and exclusive consideration of race in college admissions. The AJCongress celebrated
Supreme Court's decision in the case to strike down racial quotas in university admissions, seeing it as a vindication of their view that racial quotas were
371:(WJC). Maintaining his position as president of the AJCongress, Rabbi Wise was also elected president of the WJC. During World War II, the AJCongress acted as a liaison between the U.S. government and the WJC on issues relating to rescue attempts made on behalf of European Jews.
538:
unconstitutional. By 2003, the organization's opposition to affirmative action had tempered. The AJCongress's legal director Marc Stern said at the time that "The Jewish community is less concerned about affirmative action than it was 25 years ago...We've all shifted."
1057:
magazine's website, denying an anti-Israel bias, stating that: "Ms. Magazine has been criticized for not running an ad submitted by the
American Jewish Congress (AJCongress) featuring the photographs of three prominent Israeli women leaders with the statement 'This is
525:
In late 1978 New York State's prison system reached an agreement, brokered in part by AJCongress's then-assistant executive director Marc D. Stern, "to arrange ... TV dinners ... along with packaged breakfasts and disposable utensils" to those requesting
664:
In 2013, the board restructured the organization; since then, it has been working on incorporating new missions that are relevant to the times. Today, the AJCongress primarily focuses on the following challenges: strengthening the bond between the U.S. and
336:
AJCongress became effective as a pressure group in 1928 under the leadership of Rabbi Stephen Samuel Wise, who remained president and chief spokesperson until his death in 1949. Throughout the 1930s, Wise was vocal in his warnings about the dangers of
938:, argued that the involvement of the AJCongress and other Jewish groups with McCarthyism undermined these groups' otherwise support for civil liberties. However, the AJCongress cooperated with McCarthyism to a lesser extent than the AJC and the ADL.
473:. The mission of CLSA was "to defend civil liberties and fight discrimination against all minority groups, based on an understanding that prejudice against any group was a threat to others." One of the earliest cases the CLSA worked on was
636:
While the AJCongress had a long history of fighting aid to religious schools, the effort proved to be in conflict with Orthodox Jewish communities that were very successful in attracting government funds for students. An investigation by
512:
led the lawsuit when she was executive director of the American Jewish Congress. This was a response to the impulse of Arab countries, the Soviet bloc, and Non-Aligned Movement countries to consider Zionism as racism in the context of
840:(Western Wall), Torah in hand and found that they were not allowed to pray in their fashion because of Orthodox restrictions on women wearing religious items, singing or reading Torah. A movement began, now known around the world as
827:
In 1988, AJCongress hosted "The First International Jewish Feminist Conference: The Empowerment of Women" in Israel to address women's rights. More than 600 Jewish women from around the world attended, including former Congresswoman
309:
The American Jewish Congress (AJCongress) was officially founded in November 1918. In addition to its goal of equal rights for all, it was founded to broaden Jewish leadership and to present a unified American Jewish position at the
1076:
with the name of attorney Marc D. Stern on the cover, adapted it to a "looseleaf form and expanding its distribution" in 1993. Stern served as assistant executive director of AJCongress and subsequently became general counsel of
442:, middle-class Jews of Eastern European descent with socialist-labor and professional civil rights backgrounds began to take over leadership roles in the Jewish community. In contrast to the previous approach to placate the
306:, and others joined to lay the groundwork for a national democratic organization of Jewish leaders from all over the country, to rally for equal rights for all Americans regardless of race, religion, or national ancestry.
804:
The AJC founded its Women's Division in 1933. It operated for approximately fifty years before it was discontinued as a separate section; the organization subsequently continued its support for women's rights and
422:(ZOA). As a result, the two organizations agreed to concentrate on different tasks during the war. The AJCongress dedicated itself to rescuing European Jews, while the ZOA worked to establish a Jewish state in
612:
argued that its funding was based on a program's secular activities, not religious teachings. But Judge Kessler ruled that the religious and secular activities were not sufficiently separated or monitored.
934:, which included the AJCongress, released a statement criticizing the Rosenberg Committee for allegedly causing public panic over antisemitism within the Jewish community. Stuart Svonkin, author of
1464:
2380:
848:. Polls show that in Israel "64 percent of the secular public, 53 percent of the traditional non-religious public, and 26 percent of the traditional-religious public support the group,
746:. The AJCongress also created the Club 500, an executive speaking series which connects decision makers from around the world with members of the Jewish community via phone briefings.
2451:
2501:
1672:
554:
non-profits focused on liberal social and community issues. Finding the AJCongress had become too conservative, members of the Los Angeles chapter, for instance, created the
2958:
1642:
1572:
1624:
566:, which has the United States' second largest Jewish population. The Progressive Jewish Alliance expanded in February 2005 by opening a San Francisco Bay Area chapter.
2843:
927:
581:(HLF). In December 2001, when President George Bush designated the HLF as a domestic terror organization, the HLF was the largest Muslim charity in the United States.
723:
and asserts that fighting BDS is not only a struggle against anti-Israel activities, but a human rights issue as well. To make decision makers more accessible to the
3316:
2373:
922:. The major Jewish organizations at the time advocated their expulsion from the Jewish community, collaborated with security agencies, supported the execution of
2791:
493:
1521:
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633:(ADL). While the AJCongress focused on religious freedom in America, free speech, and women's rights, donors showed more interest in Israel and anti-Semitism.
2853:
2828:
361:. The AJCongress continued to organize protest rallies throughout the 1930s and 1940s. In August 1933, the AJCongress led a general boycott of German goods.
2481:
1746:
727:, the organization created the 500 Club and executive briefing meetings and conference calls with the decision makers and members of the Jewish community.
2032:
852:, and their quest to pray at the Kotel in their fashion. But their cause was unanimously rejected by the poll's ultra-Orthodox respondents", according to
2833:
2587:
2456:
2366:
2319:
1480:
616:
The AJCongress suspended its activities and laid off much of its staff on July 13, 2010, because it had run out of operating funds due to losses in the
1981:
477:, challenging Mexican-American segregation in California schools. The brief filed by the CLSA in this case was influential in future NAACP strategies.
3642:
3627:
2838:
2486:
1431:
484:
The AJCongress's involvement in legal proceedings sometimes conflicted with other Jewish American organizations. In 1966, the AJCongress joined the
318:, it represented a populist counterbalance to the American Jewish Committee, dominated by the wealthy and conservative German-Jewish establishment.
3637:
604:
sided with the AJCongress, which argued that federal funds were being used to pay for the teaching of Catholic values through programs such as the
534:
2848:
2820:
1501:
518:
684:
Among its major programs are the International Mayors Conference, where the organization brings over 30 mayors from around the world to promote
3606:
2178:
2005:
1898:
1926:
1163:
931:
1417:
3647:
2948:
2539:
749:
In 2019, the AJCongress spent 32.1% of its expenses on programs and 60.4% on administration, scoring 24% for its financial accountability.
1319:
2200:
3022:
100:
2104:
1115:
169:
organized to defend Jewish interests at home and abroad through public policy advocacy - using diplomacy, legislation, and the courts.
3652:
3247:
3194:
2992:
2754:
2461:
1217:"Blind Law and Powerless Science: The American Jewish Congress, the NAACP, and the Scientific Case against Discrimination, 1945-1950"
72:
53:
1668:
782:
The group advocates for removing religious symbols from public life, and thus filed a brief against allowing public displays of the
3416:
2765:
2731:
2572:
735:
508:
Among their most important actions was their participation on the touristic boycott by American Jews against Mexico in 1975, while
2813:
79:
2773:
2245:
1646:
918:
Fear of being accused of Communism led the AJCongress to dissociate themselves from Jewish Communists and leftists during the
2787:
1621:
1609:
1474:
2735:
2617:
2516:
1845:
1821:
1008:
86:
2727:
2413:
1573:"Progressive Jewish Alliance Ed. Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik. Detroit, 2007. 544. Gale Virtual Reference Library."
1149:
The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia: An Authoritative and Popular Presentation of Jews and Judaism Since the Earliest Times
1392:
2777:
2670:
2491:
2471:
1881:
942:
766:
299:
3632:
2476:
1709:
1402:
1299:
776:
720:
674:
400:
354:
287:
119:
68:
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703:
600:
In 2004, the AJCongress led a successful effort to keep federal funds out of Catholic schools. U.S. District Judge
24:
2128:
364:
In 1934, Daniel Marks was named head of the AJCongress. He traveled to Germany and brought 5,000 Jews to America.
2637:
514:
419:
812:
The CWE has turned its attention to the ethical, legal, and medical issues arising from research revealing that
584:
The AJCongress has since regrouped and is actively engaged in constitutional issues domestically and supporting
3211:
3012:
2760:
2703:
2006:"JEWISH CONGRESS UPHOLDS OUSTERS; Two Left-Wing Bodies Held by Administrative Group to Be 'Hostile to Program'"
1391:
King, Martin Luther; Carson, Clayborne; Luker, Ralph E.; Holloran, Peter; Russell, Penny A. (August 19, 1992).
485:
391:
representative in Switzerland. Riegner reported that the Nazis had planned, and were implementing, a policy to
311:
57:
2750:
2721:
2534:
1726:
1693:
1262:
898:
809:
perspectives under the auspices of the Commission for Women's Equality (CWE), which was established in 1984.
489:
2260:
2953:
885:
620:. It disclosed that it lost roughly $ 21 million of the $ 24 million in endowments it had invested through
396:
454:(1902–88) was president of the AJCongress from 1958 to 1966. He served as a founding chairman of the 1963
426:. This arrangement continued after the war, although its significance decreased after the creation of the
3587:
3454:
3270:
2496:
962:
875:
792:
771:
555:
3464:
3232:
2506:
2084:
2060:
2036:
1960:
1710:"Yeshivas Score Huge Pell Grant Windfall Jewish Religious Colleges Get Tens of Millions in Federal Aid"
923:
93:
3094:
2699:
2632:
2607:
2436:
2108:
1550:
1525:
1078:
626:
315:
20:
2170:
1902:
1522:"Jewish Organizations Hail Court Ruling in Bakke Case; Say It Vindicates Their Stand Against Quotas"
1394:
The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr., Volume IV: Symbol of the Movement, January 1957-December 1958
3402:
2783:
2665:
2592:
1922:
605:
1173:
945:
and the American Jewish Labor Council. The AJCongress voted to expel both groups on June 7, 1949.
2577:
2408:
1000:
941:
During the 1940s, the AJCongress strongly urged the Jewish establishment to distance itself from
710:
678:
46:
2717:
3509:
3459:
3409:
3284:
3277:
3263:
3123:
3042:
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2713:
2709:
2602:
2511:
2446:
2113:
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1304:
696:
689:
630:
570:
321:
It has established a "reputation for being politically liberal." It protested the Nazi regime.
1377:
1147:
3339:
3137:
3130:
3099:
2211:
958:
547:
546:
Following its heyday during the 1960s, when many of its activities coincided with the larger
388:
368:
350:
346:
3360:
3256:
2997:
2912:
2549:
2466:
1804:
1764:
1119:
1024:
578:
2056:
1782:
469:, was the legal arm of the AJCongress and was modeled after the Legal Defense Fund of the
8:
3367:
3186:
3171:
2769:
2612:
1747:"U.S. Ambassador Friedman: Rebuilding Gaza without Abbas is 'tremendous prize' for Hamas"
1190:
1039:− were at the forefront of the Women's Movement that led to the creation of Ms. Magazine.
953:
In the fall of 2007, the AJCongress announced that it had retained the services of Rabbi
563:
455:
380:
291:
275:
2358:
961:– who left the agency after claims of financial irregularities were levied following an
314:. More militant and confrontational than other Jewish defense organizations such as the
3469:
3305:
3116:
2869:
2622:
2403:
2352:
2010:
1985:
1506:
1238:
970:
854:
783:
462:
423:
415:
384:
358:
239:
3525:
3519:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3395:
3381:
3037:
3002:
2943:
2878:
2582:
2418:
1946:
1825:
1605:
1470:
1439:
1398:
1373:
1046:
902:
849:
841:
762:
681:; and promoting cooperation and trade between Israel and countries around the world.
497:
295:
734:, a virtual resource summarizing the stances of U.S. senators and candidates in the
328:, it made "its mark as an active litigant on church-state issues and civil rights".
3332:
3218:
3032:
2324:
2165:
2163:
1230:
919:
404:
274:
The idea for an American Jewish congress was first proposed on August 30, 1914, by
2330:
American Jewish Committee's ... Marc Stern is the committee's general counsel
2271:
Marc D. Stern, who is assistant executive director of the American Jewish Congress
2147:
816:
women have higher-than-average frequencies of gene mutations predisposing them to
3353:
3224:
3062:
3052:
2675:
2627:
2237:
1930:
1885:
1849:
1628:
1168:
1090:
509:
2160:
1837:
3298:
3047:
2933:
2746:
1221:
1036:
996:
985:
984:
On January 10, 2008, the AJCongress released an official statement critical of
894:
890:
821:
813:
699:
692:
617:
601:
559:
502:
303:
1366:"'Racial and Religious Democracy': Identity and Equality in Midcentury Courts"
3621:
3566:
3202:
3067:
3057:
2938:
2903:
2389:
2320:"American Jewish organization weigh in on Supreme Court ruling on travel ban"
1443:
1096:
1028:
966:
954:
901:; and others to a weeklong discussion on women's accomplishment and success.
833:
817:
739:
724:
621:
451:
392:
261:
257:
177:
166:
1877:
1805:"Israeli general warns US withdrawal from Syria is a red flag - Middle East"
558:(PJA) in 1999. They sought to assert a Jewish interest in the campaigns for
3582:
3485:
3325:
3241:
2917:
2289:
Marc D. Stern, assistant executive director of the American Jewish Congress
2265:
1365:
880:
845:
837:
758:
713:
670:
589:
439:
342:
325:
283:
1669:"U.S. Jewish Group Eyes Merger With AJC After Losing Money in Madoff Scam"
282:, and immigrant community organizations, convened the first AJCongress in
3180:
3158:
1731:
1267:
1032:
1012:
1004:
829:
706:
639:
527:
466:
403:
confirmed the accuracy of the information in the cable, now known as the
353:
in New York City despite strong opposition by the German government, the
1065:
991:'s refusal to accept a full-page advertisement honoring three prominent
731:
3561:
3531:
3514:
3490:
2888:
1597:
870:
644:
609:
199:
1242:
1216:
550:, a drop-off in its membership throughout the 1980s and 1990s ensued.
278:. Leaders within the American Jewish community, consisting of Jewish,
3388:
3144:
2148:"World Jewish Congress fires chairman Israel Singer in surprise move"
1418:"Orthodox Groups to Defend in Court Federal Aid to Parochial Schools"
1320:"Jewish Organizations Plan for Rescue of European Jewry (April 1943)"
866:
501:
Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America (also known as the
1868:. March 1, 2009. Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved October 24, 2015.
35:
3556:
3374:
2660:
2655:
2597:
1281:
1234:
862:
806:
787:
395:
all of European Jewry; the cable also referred specifically to the
865:, Israel, in May 2006, bringing notable women of achievement like
139:
3165:
3151:
2969:
2965:
2152:
1016:
926:, and discouraged other Jewish organizations from supporting the
648:
411:
279:
2080:
1878:"AJCongress At the Wall ... a History of Support for Women"
260:
organized to defend Jewish interests at home and abroad through
3346:
2567:
1765:"First 'Jewish Guide to U.S. Politics' launched - Jewish World"
1502:"New York Agrees for First Time To Serve Kosher Food in Prison"
1191:"Secretary Powell to Attend Berlin Conference on Anti-Semitism"
992:
743:
685:
666:
652:
585:
427:
338:
2502:
Office of the Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Antisemitism
2346:
1469:(in Spanish). Mexico: Universidad Iberoamericana/Cal y Arena.
643:
showed that each year, tens of millions of dollars in federal
230:
3551:
3503:
470:
367:
In 1936, the AJCongress was instrumental in establishing the
1943:
Jews And The Left: The Rise And Fall Of A Political Alliance
357:, and conservative Jewish organizations such as the AJC and
349:
on January 30, 1933, Wise organized a mass protest rally at
3496:
2898:
2893:
2882:
2874:
2544:
2303:
The Supreme Court of the United States: A Student Companion
443:
2487:
Jewish Institute for National Security of America (JINSA)
2457:
Louis D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights Under Law (LDB)
2388:
861:
The CWE most recently held a major women's conference in
574:
2307:
Marc D. Stern, a lawyer for the American Jewish Congress
1622:"AmeriCorps sponsor must stop funding Catholic programs"
775:
gave the AJCongress its public entrée into the field of
2238:"Religion and the Public Schools: A Summary of the Law"
1579:. Macmillan Reference USA, 2nd ed. Vol. 16. p. 544
1390:
969:
and followed up by accusations from then-WJC President
407:, the AJCongress convened a Joint Emergency Committee.
264:
advocacy, using diplomacy, legislation, and the courts.
2057:"An Appeal to the American Jewish Congress Convention"
1866:
Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia
1602:
Injustice. The Story of the Holy Land Foundation Five
1074:
Religion and the Public Schools: A Summary of the Law
1067:
Religion and the Public Schools: A Summary of the Law
496:, which would provide support to religious schools.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1072:The AJCongress, which had already been publishing
1300:"Background & Overview of the Riegner Report"
1145:
757:The AJ Congress has been involved in hundreds of
3619:
2899:North American Federation of Temple Youth (NFTY)
2573:American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC)
1783:"First 'Jewish Guide to U.S. Politics' launched"
1643:"AJCongress shutters quickly, pays debts slowly"
721:BDS (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions) movement
688:back in their cities. Past participants include
675:BDS (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions) movement
535:Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
1727:"AJCongress launches campus fight against BDS"
1640:
1462:
765:cases before local and federal courts and the
2374:
2081:"Los Angeles Jewish People's Fraternal Order"
2033:"The American Jewish World, 10 June 1949"
932:National Community Relations Advisory Council
418:. Its leadership overlapped with that of the
2129:"Spitzer Looking Into World Jewish Congress"
1570:
1023:'What other conclusion can we reach,' asked
2472:Jewish Community Relations Councils (JCRCs)
2282:
1645:. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Archived from
488:, the United Parents Associations, and the
2381:
2367:
2351:
2283:Chanes, Jerome A.; Vasan, Mildred (2004).
1661:
1634:
1466:Boicot. El pleito de Echeverría con Israel
1146:Landman, Isaac; Rittenberg, Louis (1939).
1141:
1139:
1137:
238:
2171:"Ms. Magazine Blocks Ad on Israeli Women"
1631:The First Amendment Center. July 7, 2004.
1547:"Jews temper views on affirmative action"
1210:
1208:
1053:magazine, responded to the AJCongress on
730:In May 2019, the AJCongress launched the
492:in filing suit against provisions of the
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3643:Jewish organizations established in 1918
3628:1918 establishments in the United States
2766:United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism
2732:Reconstructionist Rabbinical Association
1564:
1019:). The AJCongress press release states:
3638:Jewish-American political organizations
2300:
1694:"AJCongress Crippled by Madoff Scandal"
1429:
1263:"AJCongress Crippled by Madoff Scandal"
1214:
1185:
1183:
1134:
573:launched a campaign demanding that the
3620:
2875:B'nai B'rith Youth Organization (BBYO)
2145:
2127:Strom, Stephanie (December 31, 2004).
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1205:
957:, the former secretary-general of the
752:
541:
374:
3013:World Union of Jewish Students (WUJS)
2788:Central Conference of American Rabbis
2690:(and associated rabbinical membership
2390:Jews and Judaism in the United States
2362:
2181:from the original on January 13, 2008
2126:
1675:from the original on October 26, 2012
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1009:minister of Foreign Affairs of Israel
475:Westminster School District v. Mendez
397:Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp
2618:Middle East Media Research Institute
2517:Jewish Democratic Council of America
1363:
1180:
836:. Some of the attendees visited the
608:'s Alliance for Catholic Education.
577:revoke the tax-exempt status of the
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
3648:The Holocaust and the United States
2728:Jewish Reconstructionist Federation
2414:Jewish Federations of North America
2261:"Arthur Hertzberg, Rights Activist"
1432:"JEWISH CONGRESS TO SUE ON BOYCOTT"
965:by New York State Attorney General
519:UN General Assembly Resolution 3379
433:
13:
2492:National Jewish Democratic Council
2285:Antisemisism: A Reference Handbook
2210:. January 10, 2008. Archived from
1397:. University of California Press.
1330:
1286:American Jewish Historical Society
656:terms in 2010, six were yeshivas.
517:in Mexico City, and the following
14:
3664:
2477:Jewish Council for Public Affairs
2338:
2235:
2146:Barkat, Amiram (March 15, 2007).
1364:Katz, Elizabeth D. (2019-08-24).
913:
905:was the CWE's most recent chair.
799:
3653:Charities based in New York City
3601:
3600:
2430:(not exclusively Israel-focused)
1641:Berkman, Jacob (July 20, 2010).
948:
908:
669:; combating domestic and global
138:
34:
25:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
2934:College Jewish studies programs
2647:Major domestic and neighborhood
2638:Zionist Organization of America
2312:
2294:
2276:
2253:
2229:
2193:
2139:
2120:
2098:
2073:
2049:
2025:
1998:
1974:
1953:
1935:
1916:
1891:
1871:
1854:
1831:
1815:
1797:
1775:
1757:
1739:
1719:
1703:
1687:
1615:
1591:
1539:
1514:
1494:
1463:Katz Gugenheim, Ariela (2019).
1456:
1423:
1411:
1384:
1172:. June 20, 1938. Archived from
976:
943:Jewish People's Fraternal Order
659:
569:In 1994 the AJC along with the
420:Zionist Organization of America
45:needs additional citations for
3212:Jewish News of Greater Phoenix
2761:Society for Humanistic Judaism
1888:AJC. Retrieved April 15, 2015.
1430:Spiegel, Irving (1975-05-27).
1312:
1292:
1274:
1256:
1156:
1108:
732:"Jewish Guide to U.S Politics"
486:New York Civil Liberties Union
461:The AJCongress also supported
312:Paris Peace Conference in 1919
1:
3460:Jewish Life Television (JLTV)
2751:Rabbinical Council of America
2535:American Jewish World Service
1982:"A Jewish Feminine Mystique?"
1282:"AJHS | Academic Awards"
1102:
899:New York City Bar Association
719:The organization opposes the
490:United Federation of Teachers
2909:United Synagogue Youth (USY)
2839:Orthodox and Modern Orthodox
2545:Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society
2540:Joint Distribution Committee
2428:Major advocacy organizations
2397:Major communal organizations
1961:"Julius and Ethel Rosenberg"
1215:Jackson, John (March 2000).
595:
331:
7:
3455:Jewish Broadcasting Service
3271:Pittsburgh Jewish Chronicle
2497:Republican Jewish Coalition
2482:Jewish environmental groups
1828:. Retrieved April 15, 2015.
1671:. Fox News. July 20, 2010.
1627:September 29, 2014, at the
1083:
793:County of Allegheny v. ACLU
772:Brown v. Board of Education
767:United States Supreme Court
736:2020 U.S. presidential race
651:, which typically focus on
556:Progressive Jewish Alliance
10:
3669:
3465:National Jewish Television
2692:and policy body; seminary)
2507:White House Jewish Liaison
2061:Cornell University Library
2037:National Library of Israel
1929:December 15, 2006, at the
1862:"American Jewish Congress"
1848:December 22, 2005, at the
1822:"American Jewish Congress"
1785:. Arutz Sheva. 30 May 2019
1193:. U.S. Department of State
924:Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
269:
69:"American Jewish Congress"
18:
3596:
3588:Super Sunday phone-a-thon
3576:Major communal activities
3575:
3544:
3478:
3447:
3315:
3108:
3095:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
3087:
3080:
3021:
2985:
2978:
2926:
2862:
2801:
2700:Agudath Israel of America
2684:
2646:
2633:Tzofim Friendship Caravan
2558:
2525:
2437:American Jewish Committee
2427:
2396:
2301:Patrick, John J. (2006).
1884:February 6, 2007, at the
1551:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1526:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1407:– via Google Books.
740:American Jewish community
738:on issues related to the
515:World Conference on Women
458:and spoke at that event.
410:The AJCongress supported
316:American Jewish Committee
225:
215:
205:
193:
183:
173:
162:
154:
146:
137:
21:American Jewish Committee
3633:American Jewish Congress
3403:San Diego Jewish Journal
2949:See template for schools
2784:Union for Reform Judaism
2685:Major religious movement
2666:Secure Community Network
2649:assistance organizations
2593:Israeli-American Council
2452:Conference of Presidents
2442:American Jewish Congress
2419:Local Jewish Federations
2409:Jewish Community Centers
2208:American Jewish Congress
2175:American Jewish Congress
2105:"AJC Taps Israel Singer"
1714:The Jewish Daily Forward
1698:The Jewish Daily Forward
1420:. JTA. December 5, 1966.
640:The Jewish Daily Forward
606:University of Notre Dame
250:American Jewish Congress
133:American Jewish Congress
19:Not to be confused with
3008:Orthodox student groups
2979:Major university groups
2704:Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah
2578:Americans for Peace Now
2462:Religious Action Center
1001:Supreme Court of Israel
999:(then-president of the
897:and former head of the
711:Prime Minister of Italy
3510:Jewish Virtual Library
3410:San Diego Jewish World
3285:Washington Jewish Week
3278:St. Louis Jewish Light
3264:New Jersey Jewish News
3124:Baltimore Jewish Times
3043:Sigma Alpha Epsilon Pi
2714:Vaad Rabonei Lubavitch
2710:Agudas Chasidei Chabad
2608:Jewish Women's Archive
2603:Jewish Voice for Peace
2512:Jewish Labor Committee
2447:Anti-Defamation League
2114:Baltimore Jewish Times
1899:""AJCongress Release""
1324:Jewish Virtual Library
1305:Jewish Virtual Library
1049:, executive editor of
936:Jews Against Prejudice
886:The Trouble with Islam
697:President of Argentina
690:Mayor of New York City
631:Anti-Defamation League
571:Anti Defamation League
383:received a cable from
379:In August 1942, Rabbi
16:Nonprofit organization
3138:Cleveland Jewish News
3131:Charlotte Jewish News
3100:Jewish News Syndicate
1577:Encyclopaedia Judaica
1571:Cohen, Aryeh (2007).
1176:on December 12, 2007.
1116:"AJCongress' Website"
1015:(then-speaker of the
973:about alleged theft.
959:World Jewish Congress
548:Civil Rights Movement
494:Federal Education Act
401:U.S. State Department
369:World Jewish Congress
355:U.S. State Department
351:Madison Square Garden
347:Chancellor of Germany
256:is an association of
155:Registration no.
3361:Jewish Sports Review
3257:New York Jewish Week
2559:Major Israel-focused
2550:United Israel Appeal
2467:Jewish Future Pledge
2177:. January 10, 2008.
1963:. My Jewish Learning
1840:Brown v. Board of Ed
1809:Israel National News
1769:Israel National News
1604:. Just World Books.
1510:. November 19, 1978.
579:Holy Land Foundation
54:improve this article
3368:Jewish World Review
3188:The Jewish Exponent
3173:The Jewish Advocate
2863:Youth organizations
2770:Rabbinical Assembly
2718:Tomchei Tmimim-U.S.
2613:Masa Israel Journey
2217:on October 23, 2008
2117:, December 2, 2007.
1716:. October 31, 2012.
1370:Stanford Law Review
1271:. February 8, 2009.
1122:on December 7, 2014
1035:and Ms. co-founder
928:Rosenberg Committee
873:, anchor for ABC's
753:The First Amendment
564:Southern California
542:The 1980s and 1990s
456:March on Washington
375:The 1940s and 1950s
292:Stephen Samuel Wise
276:Bernard G. Richards
134:
3470:The Jewish Channel
3306:Yeshiva World News
3196:The Jewish Journal
3117:Algemeiner Journal
2870:Jewish summer camp
2802:List of synagogues
2526:Major humanitarian
2269:. April 19, 2006.
2011:The New York Times
1986:Rutgers University
1811:. 16 January 2019.
1700:. January 8, 2009.
1507:The New York Times
1436:The New York Times
779:defense agencies.
763:religious freedoms
463:coalition politics
416:cultural pluralism
300:U.S. Supreme Court
132:
3615:
3614:
3540:
3539:
3438:We Are in America
3204:The Jewish Ledger
3076:
3075:
3038:Alpha Epsilon Phi
3003:Masorti on Campus
2944:Jewish day school
2844:Reconstructionist
2693:
2583:Birthright Israel
2328:. June 28, 2018.
1947:Monash University
1860:Svonkin, Stuart.
1826:Charity Navigator
1610:978-1-68257-085-2
1553:. 29 January 2003
1476:978-607-8564-17-0
1372:. Rochester, NY.
1047:Katherine Spillar
903:Carole E. Handler
850:Women of the Wall
842:Women of the Wall
704:Premier of Taiwan
530:while in prison.
498:Jewish day school
296:Felix Frankfurter
288:Independence Hall
246:
245:
130:
129:
122:
104:
3660:
3604:
3603:
3219:The Jewish Press
3085:
3084:
3033:Alpha Epsilon Pi
2993:Chabad on Campus
2983:
2982:
2806:
2689:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2347:Official website
2333:
2332:
2325:Jewish Chronicle
2316:
2310:
2309:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2242:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2216:
2205:
2201:"This is Israel"
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2124:
2118:
2111:, by way of the
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1939:
1933:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1901:. Archived from
1895:
1889:
1875:
1869:
1858:
1852:
1835:
1829:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1723:
1717:
1707:
1701:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1649:on July 24, 2010
1638:
1632:
1619:
1613:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1479:. Archived from
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1361:
1328:
1327:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1278:
1272:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1187:
1178:
1177:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1143:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1118:. Archived from
1112:
1061:
1042:
1022:
920:Second Red Scare
814:Ashkenazi Jewish
725:Jewish community
673:; combating the
588:and challenging
434:Civil Rights Era
405:Riegner Telegram
242:
237:
234:
232:
158:13-1679610 (EIN)
142:
135:
131:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3592:
3571:
3536:
3526:Tablet Magazine
3474:
3443:
3354:Jewish Currents
3347:Emunah Magazine
3311:
3234:The Jewish Star
3226:Jewish Standard
3104:
3072:
3063:Tau Epsilon Phi
3053:Sigma Delta Tau
3024:
3017:
2974:
2922:
2858:
2804:
2803:
2797:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2680:
2676:Tomchei Shabbos
2648:
2642:
2628:New Israel Fund
2623:Nefesh B'Nefesh
2560:
2554:
2527:
2521:
2429:
2423:
2392:
2387:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2336:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2299:
2295:
2287:. p. 156.
2281:
2277:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2240:
2236:Stern, Mark D.
2234:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2169:
2168:
2161:
2144:
2140:
2125:
2121:
2103:
2099:
2090:
2088:
2085:Yiddishkayt.org
2079:
2078:
2074:
2065:
2063:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2041:
2039:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2017:
2015:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1990:
1988:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1966:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1931:Wayback Machine
1921:
1917:
1908:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1886:Wayback Machine
1876:
1872:
1859:
1855:
1850:Wayback Machine
1836:
1832:
1820:
1816:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1763:
1762:
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1745:
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1740:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1708:
1704:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1650:
1639:
1635:
1629:Wayback Machine
1620:
1616:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1580:
1569:
1565:
1556:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1531:
1529:
1528:. 20 March 2015
1520:
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1189:
1188:
1181:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1144:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1091:Congress Weekly
1086:
1070:
1059:
1040:
1020:
982:
951:
930:. In 1953, the
916:
911:
802:
755:
677:; preventing a
662:
598:
544:
510:Naomi B. Levine
436:
428:State of Israel
385:Gerhart Riegner
377:
334:
272:
229:
218:
211:Dr. Munr Kazmir
208:
196:
186:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3666:
3656:
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3640:
3635:
3630:
3613:
3612:
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3609:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3321:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3245:
3238:
3230:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3200:
3192:
3184:
3177:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3048:Sigma Alpha Mu
3045:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3025:and sororities
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2959:Torah Umesorah
2956:
2951:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2872:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2809:
2807:
2805:(by movements)
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2781:
2763:
2758:
2747:Orthodox Union
2744:
2739:
2725:
2707:
2696:
2694:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
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2630:
2625:
2620:
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2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
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2575:
2570:
2564:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2340:
2339:External links
2337:
2335:
2334:
2311:
2293:
2275:
2252:
2228:
2192:
2159:
2138:
2133:New York Times
2119:
2097:
2072:
2048:
2024:
1997:
1973:
1952:
1934:
1915:
1890:
1870:
1853:
1830:
1814:
1796:
1774:
1771:. 30 May 2019.
1756:
1738:
1718:
1702:
1686:
1660:
1633:
1614:
1590:
1563:
1538:
1513:
1493:
1475:
1455:
1422:
1410:
1403:
1383:
1329:
1311:
1291:
1273:
1255:
1235:10.1086/384627
1204:
1179:
1164:"Jews v. Jews"
1155:
1152:. p. 248.
1133:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1085:
1082:
1069:
1064:
1037:Letty Pogrebin
1025:Richard Gordon
997:Dorit Beinisch
981:
975:
971:Edgar Bronfman
950:
947:
915:
914:Anti-Communism
912:
910:
907:
895:Proskauer Rose
891:Bettina Plevan
855:The Algemeiner
822:ovarian cancer
801:
800:Women's issues
798:
777:Constitutional
754:
751:
700:Mauricio Macri
693:Bill de Blasio
661:
658:
622:Bernard Madoff
618:Madoff scandal
602:Gladys Kessler
597:
594:
560:social justice
543:
540:
503:Orthodox Union
435:
432:
376:
373:
333:
330:
304:Louis Brandeis
271:
268:
244:
243:
227:
223:
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
207:Vice President
206:
203:
202:
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164:
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128:
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42:
40:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3665:
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3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
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3626:
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3608:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3567:SawYouAtSinai
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3533:
3530:
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3498:
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3471:
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2014:. 8 June 1949
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2001:
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1949:. p. 21.
1948:
1944:
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1923:"CWE Article"
1919:
1905:on 2006-12-15
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955:Israel Singer
949:Israel Singer
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864:
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708:
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671:anti-Semitism
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65:Find sources:
59:
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41:
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26:
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3583:Siyum HaShas
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3109:News outlets
3023:Fraternities
2918:Young Judaea
2854:Unaffiliated
2829:Conservative
2819:
2814:by US states
2812:
2742:Young Israel
2441:
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2132:
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2089:. Retrieved
2087:. 8 May 2013
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2027:
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1903:the original
1893:
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1787:. Retrieved
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1435:
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1120:the original
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440:World War II
437:
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363:
359:B'nai B'rith
343:Adolf Hitler
335:
326:World War II
323:
320:
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284:Philadelphia
273:
265:
253:
249:
247:
189:Daniel Rosen
174:Headquarters
116:
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64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3181:The Forward
3159:Di Tzeitung
2778:AJU-Ziegler
2221:January 18,
2185:January 18,
1732:PressReader
1612:. pp. 84,56
1598:Peled, Miko
1268:The Forward
1126:February 9,
1033:Bella Abzug
1013:Dalia Itzik
1005:Tzipi Livni
830:Bella Abzug
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645:Pell Grants
528:kosher food
467:Shad Polier
393:exterminate
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233:.ajcongress
221:Ben Chouake
110:August 2021
3622:Categories
3562:Matzo Ball
3532:Yeshiva.co
3515:Kosher.com
3491:Chabad.org
3448:Television
3340:Commentary
3088:News wires
2889:Bnei Akiva
2834:Humanistic
2091:2023-04-29
2066:2023-04-29
2042:2023-04-29
2018:2023-04-29
1991:2023-04-29
1967:2023-03-31
1909:2007-01-11
1557:2023-04-01
1532:2023-04-01
1487:2021-10-29
1449:2023-01-16
1103:References
871:Lynn Sherr
610:AmeriCorps
345:was named
200:Jack Rosen
80:newspapers
3389:Mishpacha
3317:Magazines
3145:Der Blatt
2954:Schechter
2927:Education
1444:0362-4331
596:2000–2010
522:reunion.
430:in 1948.
424:Palestine
332:The 1930s
217:Secretary
185:President
3607:Category
3557:Lox Club
3479:Websites
3375:Kindline
3190:(Phila.)
2755:RIETS-YU
2661:Hatzalah
2656:Chaverim
2598:J Street
2588:Hadassah
2179:Archived
2109:JTA Wire
1927:Archived
1882:Archived
1846:Archived
1679:July 28,
1673:Archived
1653:July 28,
1625:Archived
1600:(2018).
1084:See also
989:magazine
980:magazine
863:Tel Aviv
807:feminist
788:Hanukkah
649:yeshivas
629:and the
592:abroad.
447:change.
302:Justice
290:. Rabbi
195:Chairman
3249:JWeekly
3206:(Conn.)
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2706:; etc.)
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1378:3441367
1079:the AJC
1058:Israel.
1017:Knesset
1011:), and
995:women:
993:Israeli
786:during
784:menorah
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280:Zionist
270:History
226:Website
163:Purpose
147:Founded
94:scholar
3545:Dating
3520:Mosaic
3431:Tikkun
3424:Tablet
3396:Moment
3382:Lilith
3251:(S.F.)
3236:(N.Y.)
3228:(N.J.)
3198:(L.A.)
2998:Hillel
2913:Kadima
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3504:Jewcy
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2241:(PDF)
2215:(PDF)
2204:(PDF)
1239:JSTOR
876:20/20
838:Kotel
471:NAACP
324:Post
101:JSTOR
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3497:Heeb
2894:NCSY
2774:JTSA
2246:ERIC
2223:2008
2187:2008
1791:2019
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1655:2010
1606:ISBN
1585:2014
1471:ISBN
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