92:. The starting point was the "need for an agreed system of geographical units at approximately 'country' level and upwards for use in recording plant distributions". The scheme represents a compromise between political and botanical divisions. All boundaries either follow a political boundary (country boundary, province boundary, etc.), or coastlines. The scheme also aims to follow botanical tradition, in terms of the distribution categories used in works like the
483:
490:
The WGSRPD defines nine botanical continents (Level 1), each assigned a single digit code from 1 (Europe) to 9 (Antarctica). Although it is said that "popular concepts of the continents of the world have been maintained, but with one or two slight modifications", some of the botanical continents are
777:, the Americas are divided into 7 Northern America and 8 Southern America rather than into the traditional continents of North America and South America, with the precise boundary between the two having changed between the first and second editions of the WGSRPD. Southern America consists of the
1059:
660:. The south-eastern boundary was changed between the first edition of 1992 and the second edition of 2001. In the first edition, Asia-Tropical was divided into three regions: 40 Indian Subcontinent, 41 Indo-China and 42 Malesia. The eastern boundary of Malesia was placed between the
716:
The WGSRPD groups most islands with a nearby continental landmass, usually the closest but may also make a decision influenced by the floristic similarity (hence the placement of the Azores with Africa and not Europe). The exception is the islands of the central part of the
825:
The nine botanical continents (Level 1) are each divided into between two and ten Level 2 regions; see the table above. Each region is given a two digit code, the first digit being that of the Level 1 continent to which it belongs. Altogether, there are 52 regions.
829:
Many of the regions are geographical divisions of the continents, e.g. 12 Southwestern Europe, 34 Western Asia or 77 South-Central U.S.A. Others are whole countries within the continents, e.g. 36 China, 79 Mexico or 84 Brazil. Some less well-known regions include:
635:
is divided into two botanical continents, 3 Asia-Temperate and 4 Asia-Tropical. The reason for the division was described as largely for convenience. Asia-Temperate borders Europe and Africa; the boundaries are described above. To the south-east, the
655:
forms the second part of the traditional geographical continent of Asia. Its western and northern boundaries are formed by the two regions 40 Indian
Subcontinent and 41 Indo-China. The southern boundary separates Asia-Tropical from
27:
20:
935:
part of New Guinea. Where the Level 3 area is not subdivided, "OO" may be added to create a five letter code to show that the Level 4 unit is identical to the Level 3 area. Thus "BIS" represents the
668:, which were put into region 60 Southwest Pacific. It was subsequently argued that it made more "floristic sense" to link the Solomon Islands with the Bismarck Archipelago and the island of
1680:
939:
at Level 3. This area is not subdivided, so "BIS-OO" can be used to represent it at Level 4. As an example, the complete division of the Level 2 Papuasia region is shown below.
757:. However, it proved unpopular, especially with Mexican botanists, so in the second edition, all of Mexico is placed in Northern America, which thus consists of Mexico, the
142:
Area or "botanical country" – most regions are subdivided into units generally equating to a political country, but large countries may be split or outlying areas omitted
749:. The boundary between Northern America and Southern America was changed from the first edition to the second edition. In the first edition, a south-eastern part of
427:
145:"Basic recording units" – the lowest level is only used for very large countries, subdividing them into states or provinces on purely political grounds
149:
Standardized codes are used to represent the units at each level. Numerical codes are used for Levels 1 and 2, alphabetic codes for Levels 3 and 4.
1260:
Tutin, T.G; Burges, N.A.; Chater, A.O.; Edmondson, J.R.; Heywood, V.H.; Moore, D.M.; Valentine, D.H.; Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A., eds. (1993).
1000:
66:
49:
organization, formerly the
International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases. The WGSRPD standards, like other standards for data fields in
507:
are allocated to 6 Pacific; and the division of the
Americas into 7 Northern America and 8 Southern America differs from the traditional
1049:
61:
distributions at four scales or levels, from "botanical continents" down to parts of large countries. The codes may be referred to as
927:. Where the Level 3 area is subdivided into Level 4 "basic recording units", a two letter code is appended; thus "NWG-IJ" represents
46:
753:
was included in
Southern America, the rest of Mexico being placed in Northern America. This followed the boundary of Mesoamerica in
1636:
1610:
1601:
1004:
696:, plus outlying islands. The name was described as having been "controversial", since it has been used to describe larger areas.
70:
1645:
741:
The WGSRPD divides the
Americas into 7 Northern America and 8 Southern America rather than into the traditional continents of
53:
databases, were developed to promote "the wider and more effective dissemination of information about the world's heritage of
1269:
132:
The scheme defines geographic places at four scales or levels, from "botanical continents" down to parts of large countries:
1538:
539:(Spitsbergen). The southern boundary with Africa encloses most of the Mediterranean islands. The eastern boundary places
104:, or Med-Checklist. This approach occasionally leads to departures from political boundaries. Thus the scheme follows
456:
For more botanically oriented classifications using phytogeography, the scheme's documentation endorses the use of
1060:
Knowledge categories for flora distributions using the World
Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions
789:), and the traditional geographical continent of South America, together with some offshore islands, such as the
680:(the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands Archipelago), so that Asia-Tropical consists of four regions.
923:
Levels 3 and 4 are identified by letter codes. Three letter codes are used for Level 3; e.g. "NWG" stands for
1606:
665:
1644:(2nd ed.). International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases For Plant Sciences (TDWG). Archived from
579:
The botanical continent of Africa corresponds closely to the usual geographical definition. It excludes the
465:
457:
1592:
1012:
1008:
461:
378:
366:
360:
348:
74:
57:
for the benefit of the world at large". The system provides clear definitions and codes for recording
372:
85:
The scheme is one of a number developed by
Biodiversity Information Standards particularly aimed at
758:
354:
571:, which although geopolitically part of Europe are considered floristically part of Western Asia.
124:) in the West Asia region, rather than in Europe where they belong politically as part of Greece.
1105:
641:
401:
1040:
Below the Level 2 regions, the Level 3 areas in this case are US states, which are then listed.
495:. In particular, Asia is divided into two botanical continents; 5 Australasia consists only of
139:
Regional – each botanical continent is divided into between two and ten subcontinental regions
1685:
854:
261:
1020:
936:
908:
810:
721:, which are placed in a separate botanical continent. The largest of these islands include
661:
708:
and many
Pacific islands, which the WGSRPD divides between 4 Asia-Tropical and 6 Pacific.
587:, which is placed in region 34 Western Asia. To the west, it includes islands grouped as
8:
1109:
637:
28:
Knowledge:WikiProject Plants/World
Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions
86:
1690:
1265:
21:
List of codes used in the World
Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions
1135:
1122:
968:
814:
806:
688:
The botanical continent of Australasia, as defined by the WGSRPD, consists only of
1156:
976:
912:
782:
580:
544:
469:
100:
54:
1546:
843:
604:
600:
451:
94:
1666:
World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) on Github
1674:
746:
742:
722:
718:
652:
548:
512:
508:
504:
413:
309:
269:
1088:
1054:
677:
616:
42:
1567:
893:
835:
697:
693:
588:
500:
295:
195:
1328:, p. v, citing A. Takhtajan (1986). Floristic Regions of the World.
1092:
928:
924:
904:
802:
705:
669:
612:
608:
564:
433:
109:
26:
For the categories on Knowledge that are derived from this scheme, see
1665:
1152:
932:
870:
790:
778:
762:
701:
689:
657:
620:
496:
492:
421:
1018:
Thus in the GRIN Taxonomy for Plants database, the distribution of
1007:(GRIN), and the World Checklist of Vascular Plants, which supports
900:
786:
673:
560:
552:
536:
287:
89:
918:
523:
The botanical continent of Europe is defined broadly in line with
1078:
Comprising Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia, and Western Asia.
1024:
is given in terms of WGSRPD botanical continents and regions as:
943:
Example of WGSRPD Levels 3 & 4
885:
877:
847:
596:
551:
is excluded from Europe. The south-eastern boundary excludes the
532:
281:
869:, plus associated smaller islands – the usual geographical unit
547:
in Europe, with the border defined by the administrative units.
1148:
881:
866:
839:
750:
730:
592:
568:
556:
540:
528:
482:
186:
163:
121:
113:
50:
1403:
1391:
1367:
1168:
Comprising the Caribbean, Central America, and South America.
862:
858:
584:
117:
58:
1415:
1681:
World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions
1638:
World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions
1355:
1264:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. xxiii.
889:
726:
632:
35:
World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions
1509:
1507:
1259:
1240:
1238:
801:
The Antarctic botanical continent consists of continental
1482:
1480:
1478:
1463:
1290:
676:
was created within Asia-Tropical, comprising New Guinea,
1379:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1504:
1343:
1331:
1235:
805:, plus a number of Subantarctic Islands, including the
503:
and small outlying islands; most of the islands in the
1519:
1492:
1475:
1451:
1439:
1427:
1204:
672:. Accordingly, in the second edition, a new region 43
1319:
1302:
1278:
1216:
1187:
999:
Organizations and works using the scheme include the
820:
1672:
475:
919:Levels 3 and 4: areas and basic recording units
1568:"About the World Checklist of Vascular Plants"
1001:International Union for Conservation of Nature
785:(those countries south of Mexico and north of
67:International Union for Conservation of Nature
765:, together with associated offshore islands.
486:Botanical continents as defined by the WGSRPD
80:
1050:International Union of Biological Sciences
65:. Current users of the system include the
1543:Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG)
47:Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG)
1634:
1525:
1513:
1498:
1486:
1469:
1457:
1445:
1433:
1421:
1409:
1397:
1385:
1373:
1361:
1349:
1337:
1325:
1313:
1296:
1284:
1244:
1229:
1210:
1198:
644:southwards are placed in Asia-Tropical.
481:
1611:United States Department of Agriculture
1602:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1005:Germplasm Resources Information Network
774:
491:notably different from the traditional
389:
333:
136:Continental – nine botanical continents
71:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1673:
45:system developed by the international
768:
736:
231:
1560:
1255:
1253:
640:and the rest of Asia from region 41
619:islands out as far as the island of
1531:
1134:Comprising Mexico and geopolitical
880:, consisting of peninsular Malaya,
626:
529:traditional geographical definition
19:For a more comprehensive list, see
13:
647:
611:islands. To the east, it includes
14:
1702:
1250:
1095:, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.
896:, plus associated smaller islands
850:, plus associated smaller islands
445:
683:
531:. To the north-west it includes
1585:
1162:
1141:
1128:
1115:
1098:
1081:
821:Level 2: subcontinental regions
203:23 West-Central Tropical Africa
1262:Flora Europaea : Volume 1
1072:
903:, consisting of the island of
796:
631:The geographical continent of
1:
1607:Agricultural Research Service
1175:
476:Level 1: botanical continents
155:Levels 1 and 2 of the WGSRPD
1574:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1539:"Who Is Using This Standard"
1180:
711:
206:24 Northeast Tropical Africa
7:
1043:
956:BIS-OO Bismarck Archipelago
781:, the WGSRPD definition of
666:Solomon Islands Archipelago
574:
518:
10:
1707:
1627:
1572:Plants of the World Online
1009:Plants of the World Online
946:
449:
158:
81:Principles of organization
75:Plants of the World Online
25:
18:
953:BIS Bismarck Archipelago
761:plus Alaska, Canada, and
563:, as well as the Eastern
127:
1635:Brummitt, R. K. (2001).
1065:
994:
759:contiguous United States
583:, politically a part of
406:83 Western South America
323:63 North-Central Pacific
317:61 South-Central Pacific
218:28 Middle Atlantic Ocean
212:26 South Tropical Africa
1106:Mainland Southeast Asia
493:geographical continents
320:62 Northwestern Pacific
314:60 Southwestern Pacific
221:29 Western Indian Ocean
209:25 East Tropical Africa
200:22 West Tropical Africa
108:in placing the eastern
63:TDWG geographical codes
1412:, pp. 7, 19, 125.
1400:, pp. 45–46, 123.
1376:, pp. 6, 104–105.
487:
414:Southern South America
402:Northern South America
274:40 Indian Subcontinent
177:13 Southeastern Europe
174:12 Southwestern Europe
16:Biogeographical system
1034:South-Central U.S.A."
984:SOL-SO South Solomons
981:SOL-NO North Solomons
485:
428:Sub-Antarctic Islands
1595:Magnolia grandiflora
1424:, pp. 7, 49–52.
1121:Comprising southern
1021:Magnolia grandiflora
937:Bismarck Archipelago
909:Bismarck Archipelago
838:, consisting of the
662:Bismarck Archipelago
373:South-Central U.S.A.
355:North-Central U.S.A.
338:70 Subarctic America
251:35 Arabian Peninsula
55:biological organisms
1364:, pp. 104–105.
1110:Peninsular Malaysia
1104:Comprising most of
1031:Southeastern U.S.A.
944:
755:Flora Mesoamericana
638:Indian Subcontinent
468:, as classified by
466:floristic provinces
434:Antarctic Continent
379:Southeastern U.S.A.
367:Southwestern U.S.A.
361:Northeastern U.S.A.
349:Northwestern U.S.A.
239:31 Russian Far East
156:
1299:, pp. xi, 19.
1028:"Northern America
942:
769:8 Southern America
737:7 Northern America
488:
458:floristic kingdoms
394:80 Central America
215:27 Southern Africa
191:20 Northern Africa
168:10 Northern Europe
154:
1271:978-0-521-41007-6
992:
991:
964:NWG-IJ Irian Jaya
698:Other definitions
591:, comprising the
462:floristic regions
443:
442:
344:72 Eastern Canada
341:71 Western Canada
180:14 Eastern Europe
112:islands (such as
1698:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1650:
1643:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1545:. Archived from
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1473:
1472:, p. 43–44.
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1388:, pp. xi–x.
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1257:
1248:
1242:
1233:
1227:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1145:
1139:
1136:Northern America
1132:
1126:
1123:Island Melanesia
1119:
1113:
1102:
1096:
1085:
1079:
1076:
969:Papua New Guinea
945:
941:
857:, consisting of
815:Tristan da Cunha
807:Falkland Islands
627:3 Asia-Temperate
390:Southern America
334:Northern America
171:11 Middle Europe
157:
153:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1671:
1670:
1662:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1630:
1625:
1624:
1615:
1613:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1577:
1575:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1552:
1550:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1526:Brummitt (2001)
1524:
1520:
1514:Brummitt (2001)
1512:
1505:
1499:Brummitt (2001)
1497:
1493:
1487:Brummitt (2001)
1485:
1476:
1470:Brummitt (2001)
1468:
1464:
1458:Brummitt (2001)
1456:
1452:
1446:Brummitt (2001)
1444:
1440:
1434:Brummitt (2001)
1432:
1428:
1422:Brummitt (2001)
1420:
1416:
1410:Brummitt (2001)
1408:
1404:
1398:Brummitt (2001)
1396:
1392:
1386:Brummitt (2001)
1384:
1380:
1374:Brummitt (2001)
1372:
1368:
1362:Brummitt (2001)
1360:
1356:
1350:Brummitt (2001)
1348:
1344:
1338:Brummitt (2001)
1336:
1332:
1326:Brummitt (2001)
1324:
1320:
1314:Brummitt (2001)
1312:
1303:
1297:Brummitt (2001)
1295:
1291:
1285:Brummitt (2001)
1283:
1279:
1272:
1258:
1251:
1247:, p. xiii.
1245:Brummitt (2001)
1243:
1236:
1230:Brummitt (2001)
1228:
1217:
1211:Brummitt (2001)
1209:
1205:
1199:Brummitt (2001)
1197:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1157:Northern Canada
1146:
1142:
1133:
1129:
1120:
1116:
1103:
1099:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1046:
1011:, published by
997:
961:NWG New Guinea
921:
913:Solomon Islands
823:
799:
783:Central America
771:
739:
714:
686:
650:
648:4 Asia-Tropical
629:
581:Sinai Peninsula
577:
545:European Russia
521:
478:
470:Armen Takhtajan
454:
448:
248:34 Western Asia
130:
101:Flora Malesiana
83:
43:biogeographical
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1704:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1669:
1668:
1661:
1660:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1584:
1559:
1530:
1518:
1516:, p. xiv.
1503:
1491:
1474:
1462:
1450:
1438:
1426:
1414:
1402:
1390:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1352:, p. 109.
1342:
1340:, p. 107.
1330:
1318:
1301:
1289:
1277:
1270:
1249:
1234:
1215:
1213:, p. iii.
1203:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1161:
1140:
1127:
1114:
1097:
1080:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1032:
996:
993:
990:
989:
988:
987:
986:
985:
982:
973:
972:
971:
965:
959:
958:
957:
920:
917:
916:
915:
897:
874:
873:is much larger
851:
844:Canary Islands
822:
819:
798:
795:
770:
767:
738:
735:
713:
710:
685:
682:
649:
646:
628:
625:
605:Savage Islands
601:Canary Islands
576:
573:
525:Flora Europaea
520:
517:
477:
474:
452:Phytogeography
450:Main article:
447:
446:Phytogeography
444:
441:
440:
439:
438:
437:
436:
430:
418:
417:
416:
410:
407:
404:
398:
395:
386:
385:
384:
381:
375:
369:
363:
357:
351:
345:
342:
339:
328:
327:
326:
325:
324:
321:
318:
315:
306:
305:
304:
303:51 New Zealand
301:
292:
291:
290:
284:
278:
275:
266:
265:
264:
258:
255:
252:
249:
246:
243:
242:32 Middle Asia
240:
237:
232:Asia-Temperate
226:
225:
224:
223:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
192:
183:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
129:
126:
106:Flora Europaea
95:Flora Europaea
82:
79:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1703:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1651:on 2016-01-25
1647:
1640:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1588:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1549:on 2015-07-13
1548:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1528:, p. 58.
1527:
1522:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1501:, p. 32.
1500:
1495:
1489:, p. 44.
1488:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1471:
1466:
1460:, p. 42.
1459:
1454:
1448:, p. 37.
1447:
1442:
1436:, p. 52.
1435:
1430:
1423:
1418:
1411:
1406:
1399:
1394:
1387:
1382:
1375:
1370:
1363:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1339:
1334:
1327:
1322:
1316:, p. 19.
1315:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1298:
1293:
1287:, p. 26.
1286:
1281:
1273:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1254:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1232:, p. xi.
1231:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1212:
1207:
1201:, p. ix.
1200:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1186:
1165:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1137:
1131:
1124:
1118:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1094:
1090:
1084:
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811:South Georgia
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748:
747:South America
744:
743:North America
734:
732:
728:
724:
723:New Caledonia
720:
719:Pacific Ocean
709:
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695:
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684:5 Australasia
681:
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675:
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653:Asia-Tropical
645:
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549:Novaya Zemlya
546:
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527:and with the
526:
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513:South America
510:
509:North America
506:
505:Pacific Ocean
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1686:Biogeography
1653:. Retrieved
1646:the original
1637:
1614:. Retrieved
1600:
1594:
1587:
1576:. Retrieved
1571:
1562:
1551:. Retrieved
1547:the original
1542:
1533:
1521:
1494:
1465:
1453:
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1429:
1417:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1369:
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1333:
1321:
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1280:
1261:
1206:
1164:
1143:
1130:
1117:
1100:
1089:Near Oceania
1083:
1074:
1055:Phytochorion
1039:
1019:
1017:
1003:(IUCN), the
998:
949:43 Papuasia
948:
922:
855:Eastern Asia
828:
824:
800:
772:
754:
740:
715:
700:may include
687:
678:Near Oceania
651:
630:
617:Indian Ocean
578:
567:Islands and
559:east of the
524:
522:
489:
479:
455:
397:81 Caribbean
300:50 Australia
262:Eastern Asia
151:
148:
131:
105:
99:
93:
84:
73:(GRIN), and
69:(IUCN), the
62:
38:
34:
32:
1147:Comprising
1087:Comprising
977:Solomon Is.
894:Philippines
836:Macaronesia
797:9 Antarctic
694:New Zealand
589:Macaronesia
501:New Zealand
296:Australasia
257:37 Mongolia
245:33 Caucasus
196:Macaronesia
1675:Categories
1655:2021-07-27
1616:2023-07-15
1578:2023-07-15
1553:2015-08-02
1176:References
1093:New Guinea
933:Indonesian
929:Irian Jaya
925:New Guinea
905:New Guinea
892:, and the
803:Antarctica
706:New Guinea
670:New Guinea
642:Indo-China
615:and other
613:Madagascar
609:Cape Verde
236:30 Siberia
1181:Citations
1153:Greenland
1108:, except
871:East Asia
791:Galapagos
779:Caribbean
773:As noted
763:Greenland
712:6 Pacific
702:Indonesia
690:Australia
658:Australia
621:Rodrigues
497:Australia
422:Antarctic
409:84 Brazil
383:79 Mexico
90:databases
87:taxonomic
51:botanical
1691:Geocodes
1044:See also
911:and the
901:Papuasia
787:Colombia
674:Papuasia
664:and the
607:and the
575:2 Africa
561:Bosporus
553:Caucasus
537:Svalbard
519:1 Europe
288:Papuasia
254:36 China
77:(POWO).
1628:Sources
967:NWG-PN
886:Sumatra
878:Malesia
848:Madeira
597:Madeira
533:Iceland
310:Pacific
282:Malesia
41:) is a
1268:
1155:, and
1149:Alaska
931:, the
907:, the
882:Borneo
867:Taiwan
865:, and
846:, and
842:, the
840:Azores
751:Mexico
731:Hawaii
603:, the
599:, the
593:Azores
569:Cyprus
565:Aegean
557:Turkey
541:Crimea
464:, and
187:Africa
164:Europe
128:Levels
122:Rhodes
114:Lesbos
110:Aegean
39:WGSRPD
1649:(PDF)
1642:(PDF)
1066:Notes
995:Usage
863:Korea
859:Japan
775:above
585:Egypt
118:Samos
59:plant
1266:ISBN
975:SOL
890:Java
813:and
745:and
729:and
727:Fiji
692:and
633:Asia
555:and
543:and
535:and
511:and
499:and
120:and
33:The
1013:Kew
899:43
876:42
853:38
834:21
432:91
426:90
412:85
400:82
377:78
371:77
365:76
359:75
353:74
347:73
286:43
280:42
260:38
194:21
1677::
1609:,
1605:.
1599:.
1570:.
1541:.
1506:^
1477:^
1304:^
1252:^
1237:^
1218:^
1189:^
1151:,
1091:,
1015:.
888:,
884:,
861:,
817:.
809:,
793:.
733:.
725:,
704:,
623:.
595:,
515:.
472:.
460:,
420:9
388:8
332:7
308:6
294:5
268:4
230:3
185:2
162:1
116:,
98:,
1658:.
1619:.
1597:"
1593:"
1581:.
1556:.
1274:.
1159:.
1138:.
1125:.
1112:.
37:(
30:.
23:.
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