2187:
3361:"4 Continents This would probably be the correct subdivision if we adopted a strict definition of continents, ideally defined as large land masses separated by water. Furthermore, we should consider "separated" only what is naturally separated, excluding therefore the separations resulting from the artificially made Panama Canal (which separates North and South America) and Suez Canal (which separates Africa from Eurasia). Under this model, the four continents of the world are: Afro-Eurasia (or Eurafrasia), America, Antarctica, and Australia (not Oceania, which combines Australia with smaller countries in the Pacific Ocean which are separated by water). An alternative four-continent model, introduced at the beginning of the 20th century, included Europe, Asia, Africa, and America."
2715:, p. 263, the whole Rig Vedic period may have lasted from c. 1900 BCE to c. 1200 BCE: "the bulk of the RV represents only 5 or 6 generations of kings (and of the contemporary poets) of the Pūru and Bharata tribes. It contains little else before and after this "snapshot" view of contemporary Rgvedic history, as reported by these contemporary "tape recordings." On the other hand, the whole Rgvedic period may have lasted even up to 700 years, from the infiltration of the Indo-Aryans into the subcontinent, c. 1900 B.C. (at the utmost, the time of collapse of the Indus civilization), up to c. 1200 B.C., the time of the introduction of iron which is first mentioned in the clearly post-gvedic hymns of the Atharvaveda."
6715:
6632:
6677:
6647:
6602:
6730:
6760:
6745:
2212:
588:
6587:
6617:
1948:
7242:
2577:
9429:
1596:
40:
2563:
1510:
6662:
7883:
7264:
2069:
2424:
378:
2549:
1444:
3622:"5 Continents This model adopts the criteria of both the six-continent models, resulting in the following 5 continents: Africa, Eurasia, America, Oceania (or Australia), and Antarctica. An alternative five-continent model is the one adopted, among others, by the Olympic Charter, which excludes Antarctica as uninhabited and lists the following five: Africa, Europe, Asia, America, and Oceania (or Australia)."
1854:) should be considered part of Asia or a third part of the world. Division into three parts eventually came to predominate. From the Greek viewpoint, the Aegean Sea was the center of the world; Asia lay to the east, Europe to the north and west, and Africa to the south. The boundaries between the continents were not fixed. Early on, the Europe–Asia boundary was taken to run from the Black Sea along the
3194:, Chapter 1: "While it might seem surprising to find North and South America still joined into a single continent in a book published in the United States in 1937, such a notion remained fairly common until World War II. By the 1950s, however, virtually all American geographers had come to insist that the visually distinct landmasses of North and South America deserved separate designations."
1784:
2535:
2089:, which was the first to show North and South America as separate from Asia and surrounded by water. A small inset map above the main map explicitly showed for the first time the Americas being east of Asia and separated from Asia by an ocean, as opposed to just placing the Americas on the left end of the map and Asia on the right end. In the accompanying book
2295:, Japanese leaders began to self-identify with the concept of being Asian, and renew relations with other "Asian" countries while conceiving of the idea of Asian solidarity against western countries. This conception of an Asian identity, as well as the idea of Asian solidarity, was later taken up by others in the region, such as Republican China and Vietnam.
2420:, which tapers off with a gradual slope covered in sediment, connecting it directly to the oceanic crust beyond. Most passive margins eventually transition into active margins: where the oceanic plate becomes too heavy due to cooling, it disconnects from the continental crust, and starts subducting below it, forming a new subduction zone.
1847:. But the division was only carried through to the end of navigable waterways and "... beyond that point the Hellenic geographers never succeeded in laying their finger on any inland feature in the physical landscape that could offer any convincing line for partitioning an indivisible Eurasia ..."
442:
The criterion that each continent is a discrete landmass is commonly relaxed due to historical conventions and practical use. Of the seven most globally recognized continents, only
Antarctica and Australia are completely separated from other continents by the ocean. Several continents are defined not
3392:
If you count Europe and Asia as one continent (called
Eurasia), then there are six continents. Some people also count North America and South America as one continent (called America), since the two land masses are separated only by the human-made Panama Canal. This would allow for a model with only
267:
By convention, continents "are understood to be large, continuous, discrete masses of land, ideally separated by expanses of water". In modern schemes with five or more recognized continents, at least one pair of continents is joined by land in some fashion. The criterion "large" leads to arbitrary
2298:
From the mid-19th century, atlases published in the United States more commonly treated North and South
America as separate continents, while atlases published in Europe usually considered them one continent. However, it was still not uncommon for American atlases to treat them as one continent up
3255:
And since Africa and Asia are connected at the Suez
Peninsula, Europe, Africa, and Asia are sometimes combined as Afro-Eurasia or Eurafrasia. The International Olympic Committee's official flag, containing the single continent of America (North and South America being connected as the Isthmus of
1942:
I shall first then speak of Europe, the foster-mother of that people which has conquered all other nations, and itself by far the most beauteous portion of the earth. Indeed, many persons have, not without reason, considered it, not as a third part only of the earth, but as equal to all the rest,
493:
are large peninsulas of the
Eurasian landmass. However, Europe is considered a continent with its comparatively large land area of 10,180,000 square kilometres (3,930,000 sq mi), while the Indian subcontinent, with less than half that area, is considered a subcontinent. The alternative
1898:
being split between Asia and Africa ("Libya") and took the boundary to lie along the western border of Egypt, regarding Egypt as part of Asia. He also questioned the division into three of what is really a single landmass, a debate that continues nearly two and a half millennia later. Herodotus
252:
defined a continent as "a large space of dry land comprehending many countries all joined together, without any separation by water. Thus Europe, Asia, and Africa is one great continent, as
America is another." However, the old idea of Europe, Asia and Africa as "parts" of the world ultimately
2732:
In accordance with these attributes, Eurasia and North
America are connected by a bridge of continental crust at least 2 thousand kilometers wide. And with Africa, Eurasia is connected by such a bridge (interrupted by internal sections of the oceanic crust) with a width of at least 5 thousand
373:
From this perspective, the edge of the continental shelf is the true edge of the continent, as shorelines vary with changes in sea level. In this sense the islands of Great
Britain and Ireland are part of Europe, while Australia and the island of New Guinea together form a continent.
2057:
credited
Vespucci with saying, "I have discovered a continent in those southern regions that is inhabited by more numerous people and animals than our Europe, or Asia or Africa", the first known explicit identification of part of the Americas as a continent like the other three.
2397:. The continents are accretionary crustal "rafts" that, unlike the denser basaltic crust of the ocean basins, are not subjected to destruction through the plate tectonic process of subduction. This accounts for the great age of the rocks comprising the continental cratons.
2290:
Over time, the western concept of dividing the world into continents spread globally, replacing conceptions in other areas of the world. The idea of continents continued to become imbued with cultural and political meaning. In the 19th century during the
1903:
I wonder, then, at those who have mapped out and divided the world into Libya, Asia, and Europe; for the difference between them is great, seeing that in length Europe stretches along both the others together, and it appears to me to be wider beyond all
2514:
is thought to have formed about 1 billion years ago and to have embodied most or all of Earth's continents, and broken up into eight continents around 600 million years ago. The eight continents later reassembled into another supercontinent called
2208:(or Maha Meru, Great Meru) – stands ... The continents encircle the mountain in seven concentric circles ... It seems clear that the Himalayas were the approximate location of Mt. Meru and the text is clear that the earth has seven continents.
3950:
2242:
in 1606, but for some time it was taken as part of Asia. By the late 18th century, some geographers considered it a continent in its own right, making it the sixth (or fifth for those still taking
America as a single continent). In 1813,
2095:, Waldseemüller noted that the earth is divided into four parts, Europe, Asia, Africa, and the fourth part, which he named "America" after Amerigo Vespucci's first name. On the map, the word "America" was placed on part of South America.
5379:
As far as India, Asia is an inhabited land; but thereafter all to the east is desert, nor can any man say what kind of land is there. Such is Asia, and such its extent. But Libya is on this second promontory; for Libya comes next after
223:
was used on the one hand for relatively small areas of continuous land, on the other hand geographers again raised Herodotus's query about why a single large landmass should be divided into separate continents. In the mid-17th century,
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3770:
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until World War II. From the 1950s, most U.S. geographers divided the Americas into two continents. With the addition of Antarctica, this made the seven-continent model. However, this division of the Americas never appealed to
2467:, are composed largely of granitic rock as well, but all continents contain both granitic and basaltic crust, and there is no clear boundary as to which islands would be considered microcontinents under such a definition. The
2234:
From the late 18th century, some geographers started to regard North America and South America as two parts of the world, making five parts in total. Overall though, the fourfold division prevailed well into the 19th century.
2775:"Most people recognize seven continents—Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia, from largest to smallest—although sometimes Asia and Europe are considered a single continent, Eurasia."
4835:
in Spanish) of the Americas containing Canada, the United States, and Mexico, and often Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and Bermuda; the land bridge of Central America is generally considered a subregion of North
506:
are comparable to the entire European landmass, not to a single European country. ." However, for historical and cultural reasons, the view of Europe as a separate continent continues in almost all categorizations.
1654:
Some islands lie on sections of continental crust that have rifted and drifted apart from a main continental landmass. While not considered continents because of their relatively small size, they may be considered
397:
are shaded green, and those without shaded blue. Along with dependent or disputed island territories, which do not appear on the map, these states are often grouped geographically with a neighboring continental
63:
or a part of a very large landmass, as in the case of Asia or Europe. Due to this, the number of continents varies; up to seven or as few as four geographical regions are commonly regarded as continents. Most
478:, and remains prevalent in some Asian six-continent models. The single American continent model remains a common view in France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain, and Latin American countries.
6523:
6027:
Some geographers list only six continents, combining Europe and Asia into Eurasia. In parts of the world, students learn that there are just five continents: Eurasia, Australia, Africa, Antarctica, and the
1520:
Certain parts of continents are recognized as subcontinents, especially the large peninsulas separated from the main continental landmass by geographical features. The most widely recognized example is the
3158:
at continental shelves, and the true edges of the continents are the steeper continental slopes. The actual shorelines are rather accidental, depending on the height of sea level on the sloping shelves."
5884:, p. 32: "...the 1950s... was also the period when... Oceania as a "great division" was replaced by Australia as a continent along with a series of isolated and continentally attached islands. "
3946:
3928:
2061:
Within a few years, the name "New World" began appearing as a name for South America on world maps, such as the Oliveriana (Pesaro) map of around 1504–1505. Maps of this time, though, still showed
5258:
5028:
1659:. Madagascar, the largest example, is usually considered an island of Africa, but its divergent evolution has caused it to be referred to as "the eighth continent" from a biological perspective.
1560:, is sometimes referred to as a subcontinent. This is a significant departure from the more conventional view of a subcontinent as comprising a very large peninsula on the fringe of a continent.
5050:
3640:"There are even geographical views that prefer the presence of both a Eurasian as well as one American continent. These geographers therefore contend that there should only be 5 continents."
5920:
1991:
as the boundary between Asia and Africa, but most writers continued to consider it the Nile or the western border of Egypt (Gibbon). In the Middle Ages, the world was usually portrayed on
510:
If continents are defined strictly as discrete landmasses, embracing all the contiguous land of a body, then Africa, Asia, and Europe form a single continent which may be referred to as
4425:
494:
view—in geology and geography—that Eurasia is a single continent results in a six-continent view of the world. Some view the separation of Eurasia into Asia and Europe as a residue of
4063:
4040:
six-continent model (used mostly in France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Romania, Greece, and Latin America) groups together North America+South America into the single continent America.
2393:(typically 1.5 to 3.8 billion years old) is widely exposed at the surface. The platform surrounding the shield is also composed of ancient basement rock, but with a cover of younger
2257:
was just as equivocal some decades later. It was in the 1950s that the concept of Oceania as a "great division" of the world was replaced by the concept of Australia as a continent.
5108:
2053:("New World"), was published under Vespucci's name in 1502 or 1503, although it seems that it had additions or alterations by another writer. Regardless of who penned the words,
114:
are occasionally grouped with a nearby continent to divide all the world's land into geographical regions. Under this scheme, most of the island countries and territories in the
3976:
2615:
1911:, in the 3rd century BCE, noted that some geographers divided the continents by rivers (the Nile and the Don), thus considering them "islands". Others divided the continents by
2994:
5081:
2610:
1096:
3844:
1995:, with the T representing the waters dividing the three continents. By the middle of the 18th century, "the fashion of dividing Asia and Africa at the Nile, or at the
5134:
3085:
2049:
much farther south than Asia was known to extend, confirming that this was a land of continental proportions. On return to Europe, an account of the voyage, called
4974:
Mortimer, N.; Campbell, H.J.; Tulloch, A.J.; King, P.R.; Stagpoole, V.M.; Wood, R.A.; Rattenbury, M.S.; Sutherland, R.; Adams, C.J.; Collot, J.; Seton, M. (2017).
4432:
4403:
6187:
Zhao, Guochun; Cawood, Peter A.; Wilde, Simon A.; Sun, M. (November 2002). "Review of global 2.1–1.8 Ga orogens: implications for a pre-Rodinia supercontinent".
470:
North America and South America are treated as separate continents in the seven-continent model. However, they may also be viewed as a single continent known as
212:
was used in translating Greek and Latin writings about the three "parts" of the world, although in the original languages no word of exactly the same meaning as
4914:
3541:
Manual of Modern Geography: Mathematical, Physical, and Political : on a New Plan : Embracing a Complete Development of the River Systems of the Globe
2352:
composition. Continental crust is less dense and much thicker than oceanic crust, which causes it to "float" higher than oceanic crust on the dense underlying
3602:"In some textbooks, North and South America are combined into 'America' and/or Europe and Asia are combined into 'Eurasia', for a grand total of 6 or even 5."
232:
that "A Continent is a great quantity of Land, not separated by any Sea from the rest of the World, as the whole Continent of Europe, Asia, Africa." In 1727,
6126:
4614:
p. 116: The Arabian Subcontinent later, approximately 35 million years ago, collided with southern Eurasia to form the Zagros Mountains of southwestern Iran.
3767:
514:. Combined with the consolidation of the Americas, this would produce a four-continent model consisting of Afro-Eurasia, America, Antarctica, and Australia.
422:, which is usually considered a region rather than a continent. This divides the entire land surface of Earth into continents, regions, or quasi-continents.
3932:
4494:
5228:
3108:
5020:
3611:
Martin W. Lewis and Kären E. Wigen, The Myth of Continents: A Critique of Metageography (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1997)
2200:
In regard to the above-quoted verses, it is commonly accepted that there are Seven Continents or 'regions of the earth'. A. Glucklich adds that 'In the
295:
is that of a continuous area of land or mainland, with the coastline and any land boundaries forming the edge of the continent. In this sense, the term
5502:
4997:
4095:
2858:
5058:
4851:
4840:
4313:
2408:. An active margin is characterised by mountain building, either through a continent-on continent collision or a subduction zone. Continents grow by
5492:. Ames, Iowa: Omphaloskepsis, book 4, p. 38. "I cannot conceive why three names ... should ever have been given to a tract which is in reality one,"
4611:
p. 98: Thus, we can calculate past positions of the Indian Plate, with the Indian Subcontinent as its passenger, with respect to the Eurasian Plate.
3814:
1915:, calling the continents "peninsulas". These latter geographers set the border between Europe and Asia at the isthmus between the Black Sea and the
1759:
rocks, Zealandia's status as a geological continent has been disputed by some geologists. However, a study conducted in 2021 found that part of the
961:
43:
Animated, colour-coded map showing some continents and the region of Oceania (purple), which includes the continent of Australia. Depending on the
4881:
1767:, twice as old as geologists had previously thought, which is further evidence that supports the idea of Zealandia being a geological continent.
3707:
3633:
7919:
6418:
2502:
The movement of plates has caused the continual formation and breakup of continents, and occasionally supercontinents, in a process called the
6550:
6006:
4217:
2471:, for example, is largely volcanic, but is associated with the breakup of Gondwanaland and is considered a microcontinent, whereas volcanic
96:. Different variations with fewer continents merge some of these regions; examples of this are merging North America and South America into
4377:
4052:
3379:
5772:
3891:
2022:. But despite four voyages to the Americas, Columbus never believed he had reached a new continent—he always thought it was part of Asia.
335:
7853:
5686:
3477:
3238:
2107:
often dated 1500 BCE has the earliest mention of seven continents in the Earth, the text claims that the Earth has seven continents and
6500:
5104:
3307:
2762:
9193:
9052:
5539:
5487:
4345:
3972:
638:
272:, with a surface area of 2,166,086 square kilometres (836,330 sq mi), is only considered the world's largest island, while
1983:, linked to Latin and the Catholic church, began to associate itself with the concept of "Europe". Through the Roman period and the
9379:
160:
gained recognition in the 20th century. It postulates that the current continents formed from the breaking up of a supercontinent (
2991:
1943:
looking upon the whole of our globe as divided into two parts only, by a line drawn from the river Tanais to the Straits of Gades.
5455:
5354:
4027:
2318:. In this model, the world is divided into six continents, with North America and South America considered separate continents.
9186:
9072:
4153:
1938:, writing in the 1st century CE, stated that "The whole globe is divided into three parts, Europe, Asia, and Africa", adding:
5073:
3857:
9181:
9115:
6382:
6354:
6288:
6102:
5990:
5903:
5782:
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4810:
4775:
4740:
4709:
4675:
4640:
4598:
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3742:
3574:
3518:
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3232:
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or Nuna formed during a period of 2.0–1.8 billion years ago and broke up about 1.5–1.3 billion years ago. The supercontinent
1717:
Limits and area – The landmass should have clearly-defined boundaries and an area of more than one million square kilometres.
6388:
6165:
4249:
3595:
2309:
as a single landmass, and there the conception of six continents remains dominant, as it does in scattered other countries.
1049:'s five rings represent the five inhabited continents of the combined-America model but excludes the uninhabited Antarctica.
9176:
9140:
9079:
7858:
6255:
4118:
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548:, were joined to the mainlands of their continents. At that time, there were just three discrete landmasses in the world:
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in a different manner from geographers. In geology, a continent is defined by continental crust, which is a platform of
9038:
7912:
6051:
5252:
2833:
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1400 BCE. Philological estimates tend to date the bulk of the text to the second half of the second millennium:
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4185:
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301:(sometimes referred to in Britain as "the Continent") is used to refer to mainland Europe, excluding islands such as
44:
5074:"A fragment of a mysterious 8th continent is hiding under New Zealand — and it's twice as old as scientists thought"
9135:
9125:
9067:
9045:
9028:
9023:
8942:
4667:
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3040:, 11th edition revised. (Ed.) Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson. Oxford University Press; "continent n." (2005)
6134:
4426:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100"
9145:
8974:
8840:
8754:
8704:
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3170:, p. 40: "The joining of Australia with various Pacific islands to form the quasi continent of Oceania ... "
1140:) as a part of Africa, all of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, and Turkey (including
1575:
being the third). When Eurasia is regarded as a single continent, Asia and Europe are treated as subcontinents.
362:
may be extended beyond the confines of continuous dry land to include the shallow, submerged adjacent area (the
283:, which is divided into several principal oceanic components by the continents and various geographic criteria.
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17:
4905:"The Violent History Of Mauritia: Birth, Oblivion, Renaissance | Labcoat Life | Learn Science at Scitable"
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1491:. Over time, these supercontinents broke apart into large landmasses which formed the present continents.
1046:
68:
recognize seven regions as continents. In order from largest to smallest in area, these seven regions are
8571:
7759:
7681:
7118:
6331:
The Horse The Wheel And Language. How Bronze-Age Riders From the Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World
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3006:
1463:, largely in evidence earlier in the geological record, are landmasses that comprise most of the world's
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structurally it includes shallowly submerged adjacent areas (continental shelf) and neighboring islands
2448:
2251:, an immense island, which some geographers dignify with the appellation of another continent" and the
188:. It was not applied only to very large areas of land—in the 17th century, references were made to the
31:
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Where the Americas are viewed as a single continent (America), it is divided into two subcontinents (
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2204:, for instance, there is a seven-part map of the world ... one centre, where an immense mountain –
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for millennia. An 1849 atlas labelled Antarctica as a continent but few atlases did so until after
1843:. The names were first applied just to lands near the coast and only later extended to include the
1129:
1124:
as parts of Oceania. It also provides populations of continents according to 2021 estimates by the
1058:
883:
382:
7897:
6014:
2435:, that are built of continental crust but do not contain a craton. Some of these are fragments of
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continent—only separated from the main continental landmass by inland seas flooding its margins.
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138:
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2111:
Measured the entire universe from his first foot from the land of Earth which has 7 continents.
2080:
1823:
mariners who gave the names Europe and Asia to the lands on either side of the waterways of the
455:. In both cases, there is no complete separation of these landmasses by water (disregarding the
276:, at 7,617,930 square kilometres (2,941,300 sq mi), is deemed the smallest continent.
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attempted to sail around what they considered the southern end of the Asian mainland into the
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6007:"Frequently Asked Questions - General Geography Information - How many continents are there?"
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The criterion of a discrete landmass is completely disregarded if the continuous landmass of
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93:
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2007:
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from the rest of the continent, providing a geological justification for the terminology.
129:, a continent is defined as "one of Earth's major landmasses, including both dry land and
8:
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2409:
2401:
2211:
2038:
1760:
1611:
1584:
1522:
1514:
1500:
1411:
1082:
587:
490:
6923:
6243:
6202:
5318:
5281:
5201:
4474:
2697:, 1998, p. 158) based on 'cumulative evidence' sets a wide range of 1700–1100 BCE.
2356:. This explains why the continents form high platforms surrounded by deep ocean basins.
536:. At those times, Australia and New Guinea were a single, continuous continent known as
9247:
8868:
8831:
8709:
8155:
8077:
8037:
8012:
7633:
7122:
6968:
6948:
6448:
6343:
5940:
5823:
4767:
3299:
3173:
2645:
2568:
2412:
lighter volcanic island chains and microcontinents along these active margins, forming
2390:
2385:
1684:, whether dry or submerged beneath the ocean, should be elevated above the surrounding
1590:
1407:
533:
486:
415:
414:
a part of Africa. Extrapolating the concept to its extreme, some geographers group the
355:
322:
297:
6458:, Harvard Oriental Series, Opera Minora; vol. 2, Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
6210:
3620:
3539:
3359:
2942:
2917:
2416:. At a passive margin, the continental crust is stretched thin by extension to form a
9328:
8947:
8774:
8739:
8600:
8595:
8576:
8385:
8212:
7972:
7863:
7845:
7749:
7716:
7189:
7043:
7008:
6449:"The Development of the Vedic Canon and its Schools: The Social and Political Milieu"
6378:
6350:
6294:
6284:
6108:
6098:
6047:
5986:
5975:
5944:
5899:
5798:
5778:
5662:
5641:
5620:
5596:
5481:
5462:
5351:
5248:
5183:
4947:
4806:
4771:
4736:
4705:
4671:
4636:
4594:
4563:
4535:
4486:
4023:
3787:
3738:
3722:
3570:
3514:
3467:
3416:
3303:
3289:
3228:
2829:
2801:
2797:
2468:
2456:
2417:
2353:
2327:
1996:
1928:
1863:
1707:
1627:
1607:
1526:
1504:
452:
363:
157:
130:
118:
are grouped together with the continent of Australia to form the geographical region
56:
55:
is any of several large geographical regions. Continents are generally identified by
6481:
6251:
2030:
410:
and continental fragments. In this way, Iceland is considered a part of Europe, and
9409:
9404:
9394:
9323:
9000:
8954:
8897:
8826:
8689:
8583:
8532:
8510:
8363:
8310:
8249:
7776:
7643:
7628:
7505:
7485:
7427:
7331:
7326:
7204:
6868:
6247:
6206:
5932:
5240:
4987:
4909:
4802:
4478:
3852:
3279:
2701:, p. 155 gives an estimate of 1100 BCE for the youngest hymns in book 10.
2540:
2476:
2394:
2379:
2341:
2026:
1968:
1947:
1700:
1696:
1095:
For a more detailed list of populations by continental regions and subregions, see
367:
348:
233:
2828:(5th ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. p. 139.
2075:, Waldseemüller's 1507 world map—the first to show the Americas separate from Asia
9295:
8796:
8784:
8769:
8724:
8674:
8614:
8556:
8517:
8505:
8498:
8407:
8224:
8207:
8182:
7771:
7754:
7711:
7701:
7593:
7194:
7164:
7105:
6928:
6368:
6157:
5358:
5244:
5224:
5021:"Zealandia – pieces finally falling together for continent we didn't know we had"
4937:
4855:
4844:
4239:
4207:
3895:
3861:
3848:
3818:
3774:
3714:
3660:
3637:
3599:
3593:
3117:
3010:
2998:
2331:
2280:
2170:
1988:
1980:
1935:
1572:
1545:
1530:
1137:
1133:
448:
386:
7241:
2576:
9440:
9389:
9288:
9252:
9232:
9215:
9155:
8919:
8811:
8789:
8779:
8631:
8609:
8493:
8488:
8473:
8468:
8395:
8341:
8293:
8264:
8170:
8160:
7886:
7804:
7794:
7658:
7653:
7412:
7402:
7292:
7126:
6846:
6800:
6444:
6225:
6127:"UT Austin scientist plays major rule in study of underwater "micro-continent""
4732:
Air Pollution and the Forests of Developing and Rapidly Industrializing Regions
4697:
Colonial Wars of North America, 1512–1763 (Routledge Revivals): An Encyclopedia
3691:
3653:
3155:
2785:
2554:
2405:
2312:
Some geographers regard Europe and Asia together as a single continent, dubbed
2268:
2151:
Through all this world strode Vishnu; thrice his foot he planted, and the whole
2011:
1832:
1820:
1460:
1432:
1024:
973:
407:
111:
39:
6508:
6364:
5936:
4271:
2519:; Pangaea broke up into Laurasia (which became North America and Eurasia) and
9455:
9414:
9283:
9275:
9242:
8979:
8929:
8821:
8816:
8806:
8656:
8619:
8527:
8522:
8424:
8329:
7814:
7744:
7696:
7663:
7535:
7525:
7515:
7475:
7470:
7143:
6681:
6676:
6666:
6661:
6298:
6112:
4490:
4335:
3998:
3330:
2562:
2480:
2464:
2413:
2300:
2201:
2062:
2046:
1924:
1770:
All seven geological continents are spatially isolated by geologic features.
1623:
1595:
1568:
1564:
1534:
1297:
1275:
1153:
1062:
1039:
977:
794:
783:
545:
302:
249:
115:
81:
77:
6456:
Inside the Texts, Beyond the Texts: New Approaches to the Study of the Vedas
3931:. Australian Curriculum, Assessment, and Reporting Authority. Archived from
2969:
2662:
1509:
406:, the concept of a continent may go beyond the continental shelf to include
9318:
9257:
9237:
9227:
8937:
8909:
8664:
8402:
8336:
8305:
8254:
8126:
8055:
7992:
7982:
7868:
7819:
7809:
7799:
7739:
7520:
7374:
7364:
7246:
7199:
6933:
6908:
6719:
6714:
6400:
4957:
4816:
4781:
4746:
4715:
4681:
4663:
Climate Change Science: A Modern Synthesis: Volume 1 – The Physical Climate
4646:
4604:
4545:
4079:
the five interlaced rings, which represent the union of the five continents
3580:
3524:
3489:
3442:
3250:
3147:
2582:
2503:
2345:
2292:
2284:
2227:
2034:
1908:
1867:
1711:
1692:
1631:
1108:
for each continent in accordance with the seven-continent model, including
630:
524:, greater areas of the continental shelf were exposed as dry land, forming
511:
495:
475:
463:, which are both narrow and shallow, as well as human-made). Both of these
460:
225:
137:
correspond to seven large areas of continental crust that are found on the
105:
6278:
6092:
5163:. The English noun was introduced in the mid-16th century, shortened from
4939:
Africa and the Middle East: a continental overview of environmental issues
4303:
4175:
9374:
9333:
9264:
8969:
8858:
8801:
8729:
8679:
8566:
8542:
8431:
8269:
8187:
8165:
8141:
7987:
7977:
7616:
7422:
7359:
7100:
7068:
7058:
6362:
6338:
5881:
5850:
5520:
5304:
3203:
3191:
3179:
3167:
3048:
2948:
2923:
2374:
2223:
2177:
2108:
1992:
1984:
1952:
1916:
1875:
1871:
1828:
1764:
1685:
1619:
1403:
1141:
1109:
1001:
525:
518:
280:
193:
184:. The noun was used to mean "a connected or continuous tract of land" or
6410:
Die Religion des Rgveda: Kompositionsanalyse der Soma-Hymnen des R̥gveda
4992:
4143:
3284:
3078:"What constitutes the United States, what are the official definitions?"
1850:
Ancient Greek thinkers subsequently debated whether Africa (then called
8904:
8873:
8699:
8694:
8358:
8319:
8281:
8199:
8072:
7957:
7952:
7706:
7673:
7648:
7530:
7450:
7369:
7138:
7048:
7028:
6878:
6606:
6601:
5799:"RigVeda Book I XXI 'Aśvins and Others' (Sanskrit and Transliteration)"
2460:
2427:
Principal tectonic plates of the continents and the floor of the oceans
2260:
2219:
2205:
1844:
1824:
1649:
1544:
In many of these cases, the "subcontinents" concerned are on different
1319:
1117:
981:
667:
569:
561:
456:
411:
326:
146:
85:
6528:
6226:"A Paleo-Mesoproterozoic supercontinent: assembly, growth and breakup"
4628:
Nares Strait and the drift of Greenland: a conflict in plate tectonics
2275:
in 1838, the last continent identified, although a great "Antarctic" (
2068:
1725:
in 2017, Earth currently has seven recognized geological continents:
1148:) as a part of Europe, all of Panama and the United States (including
9351:
8984:
8914:
8892:
8885:
8669:
8446:
8380:
8276:
8082:
7967:
7962:
7936:
7638:
7583:
7568:
7540:
7510:
7379:
7209:
7073:
7023:
6943:
6938:
6883:
6816:
5445:
5341:
4701:
4482:
3412:
2625:
2484:
2276:
2015:
1891:
1886:. The boundary between Asia and Africa was generally taken to be the
1840:
1722:
1673:
1668:
1615:
1599:
1549:
1472:
1455:
Apart from the current continents, the scope and meaning of the term
1399:
1121:
1113:
1078:
993:
965:
656:
634:
565:
269:
245:
241:
180:, meaning continuous or connected land and translated from the Latin
5105:"Ancient Continent Of Zealandia Raises New Questions For Geologists"
2910:, 11th edition revised. (Ed.) Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson.
2788:(2016). "Changing Rural Worlds – A Global View". In Daniels, Peter;
2369:. Cratons have largely been unaffected by mountain-building events (
1919:, and the border between Asia and Africa at the isthmus between the
1077:
An eighth continent has been identified with various places such as
596:
Similar shades exhibit areas that may be consolidated or subdivided.
8878:
8483:
8419:
8390:
8300:
8259:
8067:
8047:
7927:
7133:
7018:
6898:
6888:
6851:
6836:
6821:
6811:
6734:
6729:
6518:
6224:
Zhao, Guochun; Sun, M.; Wilde, Simon A.; Li, S.Z. (November 2004).
5872:. "the great island of Australia is sometimes reckoned as another "
4943:
3113:
3058:
2520:
2496:
2436:
2194:
2104:
2019:
1836:
1813:
1681:
1484:
1468:
1005:
997:
684:
652:
557:
541:
529:
471:
467:
are very narrow compared to the bulk of the landmasses they unite.
390:
330:
185:
97:
60:
3154:. London: Routledge, p. 30. "Ocean waters extend onto continental
3152:
Companion Encyclopedia of Geography: The Environment and Humankind
2423:
1053:
In the English-speaking countries, geographers often use the term
8850:
8588:
8478:
8436:
8324:
8136:
8131:
8060:
7731:
7608:
7578:
7394:
7384:
7153:
7148:
6913:
6893:
6873:
6841:
6831:
6764:
6759:
6749:
6744:
6524:
Lost continent revealed in new reconstruction of geologic history
6419:"Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state"
5638:
Letters from a New World: Amerigo Vespucci's Discovery of America
5593:
Letters from a New World: Amerigo Vespucci's Discovery of America
5051:"Chunk of an ancient supercontinent discovered under New Zealand"
4399:
3900:
3459:
The New World History: A Field Guide for Teachers and Researchers
3067:. Retrieved 14 January 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
2516:
2511:
2370:
2349:
2314:
2190:
1964:
1920:
1912:
1740:
1488:
1480:
1448:
1363:
1145:
1054:
714:
553:
521:
482:
464:
419:
377:
310:
306:
279:
Earth's major landmasses all have coasts on a single, continuous
205:
197:
161:
126:
119:
101:
6493:
6133:. The University of Texas at Austin. 28 May 1999. Archived from
5392:
1443:
240:"The world is ordinarily divided into two grand continents: the
9356:
8460:
8414:
8121:
8108:
7598:
7465:
7445:
7184:
6953:
6651:
6646:
6591:
6586:
5515:
3947:"National curriculum in England: geography programmes of study"
2824:
Neuendorf, K.K.E.; Mehl, J.P. Jr.; Jackson, J.A., eds. (2005).
2616:
List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent
2488:
2365:
2180:
by Ralph T.H. Griffith (1896) of Book 1, Hymn 22, Verses 16–18
2143:
2065:
connected to Asia and showed South America as a separate land.
2042:
1883:
1809:
1788:
1756:
1691:
Geology – The landmass should contain different types of rock:
1538:
1464:
1341:
1253:
1149:
1031:
1020:
1013:
1009:
969:
849:
700:
549:
394:
344:
340:
89:
73:
59:
rather than any strict criteria. A continent could be a single
5774:
The Strides of Vishnu: Hindu Culture in Historical Perspective
5560:
Goddard, Farley Brewer (1884). "Researches in the Cyrenaica".
3003:
9207:
9102:
8646:
7944:
7928:
7786:
7563:
7545:
7315:
6958:
6563:
4829:
In Ibero-America, North America usually designates a region (
4062:. International Olympic Committee. 17 July 2020. p. 10.
3973:"Какое количество материков и частей света на планете Земля?"
2665:: "the hymns of the Rig-Veda are said to date from 1500 B.C."
2595:
1895:
1855:
1803:
1778:
1209:
989:
985:
573:
540:. Likewise, Afro-Eurasia and the Americas were joined by the
537:
503:
499:
314:
201:
3786:, Kentro Lexikologias (Legicology Center) LTD Publications,
3268:
Chopping, Richard; Blewett, Richard; Kennett, Brian (2018).
2363:
to portions of the crust built around stable regions called
1899:
believed Europe to be larger than the other two continents:
1866:. Later it was viewed as running from the Black Sea through
485:
is classified as two separate continents (Asia and Europe).
447:
discrete masses of land". Africa and Asia are joined by the
253:
persisted with these being regarded as separate continents.
8241:
7835:
7455:
6621:
6616:
6046:(9th ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley. pp. 173–174.
4973:
2611:
List of continents and continental subregions by population
1960:
1956:
1887:
1231:
1097:
List of continents and continental subregions by population
1057:
to denote a geographical region which includes most of the
1019:
The six-continent combined-Eurasia model is mostly used in
838:
69:
4935:
3116:. "a large segment of the earth's outer shell including a
2018:
in 1492, sparking a period of European exploration of the
5503:"Herodotus, the Histories, Book 4, chapter 42, section 1"
1783:
1152:) as parts of North America, and all of Chile (including
584:
There are several ways of distinguishing the continents:
7284:
5749:
5737:
5155:
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, Henry Stuart Jones,
4433:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
4404:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
3109:
Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged
3054:
Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged
2142:
The Gods be gracious unto us even from the place whence
5725:
5233:
The Idea of Europe From Antiquity to the European Union
5131:"Earth's Hidden Continent Zealandia Finally Recognized"
3456:
Dunn, Ross E.; Mitchell, Laura J.; Ward, Kerry (2016).
2655:
and probably that of the relevant Mitanni documents of
2644:
It is certain that the hymns of the Rig Veda post-date
1955:
showing the three continents as domains of the sons of
1706:
Crustal structure – The landmass should consist of the
1610:
are largely covered by the ocean and may be considered
1541:
in North America might be considered further examples.
474:. This viewpoint was common in the United States until
4969:
4967:
3733:, Siola-Alexiou, 6 continents combined-America model;
3267:
1808:, meaning "landmass, terra firma", the proper name of
1030:
The six-continent combined-America model is taught in
6091:
Grotzinger, John P.; Jordan, Thomas H. (2014). "10".
6072:
5190:. London: Oxford University Press, v. 8, pp. 711–712.
3709:
Older/previous official Greek Paedagogical Institute
2937:
A Complete Atlas, or Distinct View of the Known World
1819:
The first distinction between continents was made by
347:) located on the continent of North America, and the
153:. Continental crust is only known to exist on Earth.
6060:
5981:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p.
5713:
5701:
5661:. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, pp. 80–82.
5619:. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, pp. 77–79.
4936:
Hillstrom, Kevin; Collier Hillstrom, Laurie (2003).
3441:. William Blackwood. 1870. pp. 18– – via
2823:
2530:
47:, some continents may be consolidated or subdivided.
6412:, Wien: Institut für Indologie der Universität Wien
6370:
The Myth of Continents: a Critique of Metageography
5977:
The Myth of Continents: a Critique of Metageography
5896:
The Myth of Continents: a Critique of Metageography
4964:
4763:
Exploring the New South American Regionalism (NSAR)
3051:. Oxford University Press; "continent 4 a" (1996)
2389:. The shield is a region where ancient crystalline
2002:
1999:farther west, had even then scarcely passed away".
498:: "In physical, cultural and historical diversity,
370:), as they are structurally part of the continent.
6342:
6186:
3832:2006. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society.
27:Large geographical region identified by convention
5921:"The Concept of Asia: From Geography to Ideology"
5685:. London: Longmans, Green & Co. p. 202.
3506:The Rise of Birds: 225 Million Years of Evolution
2792:; Shaw, Denis; Sidaway, James; Hall, Tim (eds.).
164:) that formed hundreds of millions of years ago.
9453:
6276:
6090:
5882:Lewis & Wigen, The Myth of Continents (1997)
5851:Lewis & Wigen, The Myth of Continents (1997)
5305:Lewis & Wigen, The Myth of Continents (1997)
4431:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)").
3729:, p. 30, 5+1 combined-America continents model;
3455:
3449:
3227:. Vol. 1. Facts on File, Inc. p. 215.
3204:Lewis & Wigen, The Myth of Continents (1997)
3192:Lewis & Wigen, The Myth of Continents (1997)
3180:Lewis & Wigen, The Myth of Continents (1997)
3168:Lewis & Wigen, The Myth of Continents (1997)
2949:Lewis & Wigen, The Myth of Continents (1997)
2924:Lewis & Wigen, The Myth of Continents (1997)
1894:in the 5th century BCE objected to the whole of
6277:Grotzinger, John P.; Jordan, Thomas H. (2014).
5371:"Herodotus, Histories, Book IV, Chapters 40-41"
1802:The term "continent" translates the Greek word
1676:use four key attributes to define a continent:
594:Color-coded map showing the various continents.
6223:
5659:Terra Cognita: The Mental Discovery of America
5617:Terra Cognita: The Mental Discovery of America
5611:
5609:
4722:
4653:
3669:. 2006. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
3496:
3331:"Geography Facts about the World's Continents"
3129:
2819:
2817:
2400:The margins of geologic continents are either
256:
7913:
7300:
6544:
6158:"Sci/Tech | 'Lost continent' discovered"
5581:. Indiana University Press. pp. 106–112.
5518:. Translated by Horace Leonard Jones (1917).
5219:
5217:
4830:
3625:
3614:
3120:continent and the adjacent continental shelf"
2304:
2124:idaṃ viṣṇurvi cakrame tredhā ni dadhe padam |
1602:, the largest submerged landmass or continent
1144:) as parts of Asia, all of Russia (including
1132:, which includes all of Egypt (including the
451:, and North America and South America by the
418:with other islands in the Pacific Ocean into
263:Island § Differentiation from continents
5898:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
5777:. Oxford University Press. pp. 4, 153.
5573:
5429:"Herodotus, Histories, Book IV, Chapter 197"
4456:"Reconstructing pre-Pangean supercontinents"
3918:. New York: Oxford University Press; p. 260.
3916:The Oxford Companion to the English Language
3364:
3353:
3322:
3150:(1996). Planet Earth. In Ian Douglas (Ed.),
2992:Distribution of land and water on the planet
1102:The following table provides areas given by
960:The seven-continent model is taught in most
5968:
5966:
5846:
5844:
5651:
5630:
5606:
5585:
5451:The Histories of Herodotus of Halicarnassus
5411:"Herodotus, Histories, Book II, Chapter 17"
5353:Ames, Iowa: Omphaloskepsis, book 2, p. 18.
5347:The Histories of Herodotus of Halicarnassus
4788:
4753:
4418:
3587:
3552:
3398:
2814:
2230:, this image shows a French edition of 1663
1755:Due to lacking the presence of Precambrian
333:, and other nearby islands. Similarly, the
7920:
7906:
7307:
7293:
6551:
6537:
6155:
5973:Lewis, Martin W.; Wigen, Kären E. (1997).
5972:
5894:Lewis, Martin W.; Wigen, Kären E. (1997).
5893:
5393:"Herodotus, Histories, Book II, Chapter 8"
5214:
5179:
5177:
4729:Innes, John L.; Haron, Abu Hassan (2000).
4728:
4687:
4659:
4586:Plate Tectonics: A Very Short Introduction
4576:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4447:
4084:
3757:online dictionary, Greek Language Center (
3717:), 5+1 continents combined-America model;
3531:
3502:
1779:Early concepts of the Old World continents
1467:or continental cores. These have included
1394:Not usually considered a continent in the
817:
134:
5875:
5770:
5448:. Translated by George Rawlinson (2000).
5344:. Translated by George Rawlinson (2000).
4991:
4902:
4534:, Infobase Publishing, pp. 214–216,
3731:Neos Eikonographemenos Geographikos Atlas
3283:
3214:
3212:
3134:. London: Edward Arnold. pp. 67–68.
2523:(which became the remaining continents).
2119:ato devā avantu no yato viṣṇurvicakrame |
2098:
1812:and later especially used for Asia (i.e.
1773:
6407:
5963:
5841:
5824:"RigVeda Book I XXI 'Aśvins and Others'"
5755:
5743:
5567:
5527:Harvard University Press, book 1, ch. 4.
4557:
3878:2001. New York: Oxford University Press.
3805:
3778:), 6 continents combined-America model;
3694:on 2 February 2007 – via Bartleby.
3672:
2698:
2463:. Other islands, such as several in the
2422:
2210:
2185:
2067:
1946:
1782:
1662:
1594:
1508:
1442:
376:
38:
6558:
6328:
6097:(7t ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman.
5731:
5206:. Cambridge: University Press. p.
5174:
5102:
4794:
4759:
4525:
4512:
4116:
3908:
3881:
3866:
3558:
3404:
3328:
3132:A Dictionary of the Natural Environment
2747:
2638:
2148:Through the seven regions of the earth!
1618:, emerging from the ocean primarily in
1578:
172:From the 16th century the English noun
14:
9454:
6443:
6416:
6283:(7 ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman.
6217:
6180:
5918:
5766:
5764:
5719:
5678:
5486:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
5223:
4693:
4660:Farmer, G. Thomas; Cook, John (2013),
4582:
4392:
4380:from the original on 13 September 2023
4009:from the original on 7 November 2023.
3914:"Continent". McArthur, Tom, ed. 1992.
3802:), 6 continents combined-America model
3703:
3701:
3537:
3218:
3209:
3141:
3130:Monkhouse, F. J.; Small, John (1978).
2784:
2712:
2704:
2439:or other ancient cratonic continents:
1626:, and the almost completely submerged
1088:
517:When sea levels were lower during the
443:as absolutely distinct bodies but as "
7901:
7288:
6532:
6337:
6078:
6066:
6039:
5951:from the original on 21 November 2021
5707:
5316:
5279:
5199:
5000:from the original on 17 February 2017
4976:"Zealandia: Earth's Hidden Continent"
4453:
4316:from the original on 12 December 2014
4156:from the original on 18 November 2008
4069:from the original on 19 November 2021
4030:from the original on 21 December 2016
3648:
3646:
3605:
3562:The Evolution of Mammalian Characters
3480:from the original on 21 February 2023
3310:from the original on 14 February 2022
3241:from the original on 21 February 2023
3088:from the original on 16 November 2017
2984:
2880:
2878:
2876:
1556:on the northeastern periphery of the
1447:Reconstruction of the supercontinent
1170:
1167:
1164:
393:state (Taiwan) (tw). Those with land
7859:Geology of solar terrestrial planets
6462:from the original on 8 December 2023
6391:from the original on 8 December 2023
6305:from the original on 8 December 2023
5071:
5031:from the original on 25 October 2019
5018:
4903:Cassimaly, Khalil a (5 March 2013).
4874:"A Tale of Two Submerged Continents"
4871:
4798:Encyclopedia of the Developing World
4188:from the original on 25 January 2021
4119:"New maps of Earth's lost continent"
4117:Gorvett, Zaria (29 September 2023).
4110:
4098:from the original on 24 January 2022
3979:from the original on 7 November 2023
3901:MSN Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006
3874:The New Oxford Dictionary of English
3835:
3329:Dempsey, Caitlin (15 October 2013).
2848:
2153:Was gathered in his footstep's dust.
2113:
1160:Land areas and population estimates
339:refers to "the 49 States (including
104:, and Africa, Asia, and Europe into
5761:
5167:(15th century), adapted from Latin
5084:from the original on 2 October 2023
3698:
3341:from the original on 26 August 2022
3014:(2004). Retrieved 20 February 2007.
2851:"Did Ancient Mars Have Continents?"
2676:, p. 306) gives 1500–1000 BCE.
2431:There are many microcontinents, or
2377:. A craton typically consists of a
2303:, who saw their region spanning an
1981:culture that developed in its place
1710:, which is thicker and has a lower
1451:approximately 200 million years ago
1072:
354:From the perspective of geology or
24:
7178:
6168:from the original on 10 March 2012
5595:. New York: Marsilio, pp. xx–xxi.
5261:from the original on 23 March 2022
5103:Barsted, George (17 August 2021).
4500:from the original on 26 March 2023
4045:
3953:from the original on 30 March 2023
3780:Lexico tes Neas Hellenikes Glossas
3643:
3544:. W. Blackwood and Sons. pp.
2873:
2794:An Introduction To Human Geography
2755:"Continents: What is a Continent?"
2621:List of transcontinental countries
2606:List of continent name etymologies
2359:Some geologists restrict the term
2273:United States Exploring Expedition
2265:First Russian Antarctic Expedition
2129:trīṇi padā vi cakrame viṣṇurghopā
1637:
1426:
1421:
1126:United Nations Statistics Division
586:
438:List of transcontinental countries
149:that are generally referred to as
25:
9473:
6475:
6258:from the original on 9 April 2019
6156:Whitehouse, David (27 May 1999).
5636:Formisano, Luciano (Ed.) (1992).
5591:Formisano, Luciano (Ed.) (1992).
5562:The American Journal of Philology
4560:The Geopolitics of Regional Power
4400:"World Population Prospects 2022"
4284:from the original on 19 June 2015
4092:"The Four Sub-regions Of Oceania"
3975:. Природа Мира. 10 January 2018.
3408:The Global Atlantic: 1400 to 1900
3114:ProQuest Information and Learning
3059:ProQuest Information and Learning
3037:Concise Oxford English Dictionary
2907:Concise Oxford English Dictionary
2849:Choi, Charles Q. (16 July 2015).
2765:from the original on 16 July 2019
2711:1500–1200 BCE. According to
2591:Boundaries between the continents
2173:of Book 1, Hymn 22, Verses 16-18
2045:, they sailed along the coast of
432:Boundaries between the continents
9428:
9427:
8760:West South Central United States
7882:
7881:
7263:
7262:
7240:
6758:
6743:
6728:
6713:
6675:
6660:
6645:
6630:
6615:
6600:
6585:
6270:
6149:
6119:
6084:
6033:
5999:
5912:
5887:
5856:
5816:
5791:
5689:from the original on 7 July 2023
5672:
5554:
5137:from the original on 2 June 2023
5111:from the original on 10 May 2023
4917:from the original on 7 June 2023
4884:from the original on 7 June 2023
4094:. WorldAtlas. 26 December 2017.
3382:from the original on 29 May 2023
3372:"How many continents are there?"
2861:from the original on 9 June 2023
2575:
2561:
2547:
2533:
2267:and described as a continent by
2003:European arrival in the Americas
1494:
1059:island countries and territories
366:) and the islands on the shelf (
8975:Latin America and the Caribbean
8841:Latin America and the Caribbean
7589:Human impact on the environment
7086:Possible future supercontinents
6321:
6252:10.1016/j.earscirev.2004.02.003
5771:Glucklich, Ariel (9 May 2008).
5532:
5509:
5495:
5439:
5421:
5403:
5385:
5363:
5335:
5310:
5273:
5229:"Some Europes in Their History"
5193:
5149:
5123:
5096:
5065:
5043:
5019:Hunt, Elle (17 February 2017).
5012:
4929:
4896:
4865:
4823:
4668:Springer Science+Business Media
4619:
4551:
4532:Encyclopedia of World Geography
4360:
4348:from the original on 2 May 2015
4328:
4296:
4264:
4252:from the original on 7 May 2020
4232:
4220:from the original on 3 May 2015
4200:
4168:
4136:
4016:
3991:
3965:
3949:. UK Department for Education.
3939:
3921:
3719:Pankosmios Enyklopaidikos Atlas
3567:Springer Science+Business Media
3429:
3261:
3225:Encyclopedia of World Geography
3185:
3161:
3123:
3100:
3082:United States Geological Survey
3070:
3017:
2954:
2726:
2263:was sighted in 1820 during the
2162:Establishing his high decrees.
2160:, made three steps; thenceforth
1459:includes past geological ones.
1388:
416:Australian continental landmass
291:The most restricted meaning of
7418:Climate variability and change
6375:University of California Press
6349:, Cambridge University Press,
5320:A History of Ancient Geography
5283:A History of Ancient Geography
5203:A History of Ancient Geography
5057:. 21 July 2021. Archived from
4838:Norteamérica (Mexican version)
3511:Johns Hopkins University Press
3464:University of California Press
3276:Australian National University
3044:New Oxford American Dictionary
2929:
2897:
2842:
2778:
2679:Flood and Witzel both mention
2156:Vishnu, the Guardian, he whom
2041:. After reaching the coast of
1156:) as a part of South America.
951:
13:
1:
7854:Evolution of the Solar System
6211:10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00073-9
5919:Mitani, Hiroshi (Fall 2006).
5640:. New York: Marsilio, p. 45.
3735:Lexico tes Hellenikes Glossas
3438:Manual of Modern Geography: 2
2740:
2708:
2687:
2680:
2656:
2649:
1787:The Ancient Greek geographer
425:
8442:Middle East and North Africa
8147:Middle East and North Africa
7594:Evolutionary history of life
6864:Other prehistoric continents
6454:, in Witzel, Michael (ed.),
6333:, Princeton University Press
5862:"continent n. 5. a." (1989)
5682:India: What Can It Teach Us?
5245:10.1017/CBO9780511496813.003
5231:. In Pagden, Anthony (ed.).
3711:6th grade Geography textbook
3023:"continent n. 5. a." (1989)
257:Definitions and application
167:
7:
6345:An Introduction to Hinduism
6011:National Geographic Society
5657:Zerubavel, Eviatar (2003).
5615:Zerubavel, Eviatar (2003).
4860:Encarta Online Encyclopedia
4795:Leonard, Thomas M. (2005).
3721:, CIL Hellas Publications,
3503:Chatterjee, Sankar (2015).
3405:Strobel, Christoph (2015).
2526:
2495:were on the margins of the
2121:pṛthivyāḥ saptadhāmabhiḥ ||
1552:, generally considered the
1439:Geological history of Earth
940:
932:
924:
916:
908:
900:
892:
10:
9478:
8735:Northeastern United States
6329:Anthony, David W. (2007),
5925:New Perspectives on Turkey
5325:Cambridge University Press
5288:Cambridge University Press
5237:Cambridge University Press
4526:Baldwin, James A. (2014),
3929:"F-10 Curriculum Geograph"
3538:Mackay, Alexander (1861).
3219:McColl, R.W., ed. (2005).
2325:
2321:
1975:Following the fall of the
1804:
1666:
1647:
1641:
1588:
1582:
1498:
1436:
1430:
1094:
1036:Romance-speaking countries
962:English-speaking countries
435:
429:
260:
248:." And in his 1752 atlas,
176:was derived from the term
66:English-speaking countries
32:Continent (disambiguation)
29:
9423:
9365:
9342:
9309:
9273:
9206:
9100:
9008:
8999:
8928:
8849:
8655:
8459:
8240:
8198:
8107:
8098:
8046:
8003:
7943:
7877:
7844:
7828:
7785:
7730:
7672:
7607:
7554:
7484:
7436:
7393:
7340:
7322:
7314:
7232:
6990:
6986:
6785:
6781:
6702:
6698:
6574:
6570:
6408:Oberlies, Thomas (1998),
6040:Levin, Harold L. (2010).
5937:10.1017/S0896634600004465
5865:Oxford English Dictionary
4760:Vivares, Ernesto (2014).
4562:. Routledge. p. 16.
3759:Kentro Hellenikes Glossas
3688:Columbia University Press
3684:The Columbia Encyclopedia
3026:Oxford English Dictionary
3009:15 September 2008 at the
2887:Oxford English Dictionary
2254:Oxford English Dictionary
2135:ato dharmāṇi dhārayan ||
2092:Cosmographiae Introductio
1987:, a few writers took the
1878:River (known then as the
1858:River (known then as the
1398:. Its land area includes
1362:
1340:
1318:
1296:
1274:
1252:
1230:
1208:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1180:
1175:
853:
765:
754:
718:
704:
643:
618:
604:
579:
544:. Other islands, such as
336:continental United States
286:
9216:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
8220:Transantarctic Mountains
7864:Location in the Universe
7795:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
7494:List of sovereign states
7273:Chronology of continents
6417:Witzel, Michael (1995),
6131:Office of Public Affairs
5579:The Invention of America
4558:Scholvin, Sören (2016).
4530:, in R.W. McColl (ed.),
3860:21 February 2006 at the
3847:21 February 2006 at the
3817:24 November 2023 at the
3737:, Papyros Publications,
3271:The Australian Continent
3033:; "continent n." (2006)
2935:Bowen, Emanuel. (1752).
2631:
2336:Geologists use the term
2117:
2086:Universalis Cosmographia
2073:Universalis Cosmographia
1791:holding a globe showing
1130:United Nations geoscheme
884:UNSD continental regions
8965:Caribbean South America
6501:Encyclopædia Britannica
6487:Encyclopædia Britannica
5870:Oxford University Press
5679:Müller, F. Max (1883).
5157:A Greek-English Lexicon
4878:Encyclopedia Britannica
4854:29 January 2009 at the
4843:30 January 2009 at the
4633:Museum Tusculanum Press
4591:Oxford University Press
4373:Encyclopædia Britannica
4341:Encyclopædia Britannica
4309:Encyclopædia Britannica
4277:Encyclopædia Britannica
4245:Encyclopædia Britannica
4213:Encyclopædia Britannica
4181:Encyclopædia Britannica
4149:Encyclopædia Britannica
3894:28 October 2009 at the
3753:), 5 continents model;
3666:Encyclopædia Britannica
3559:Kermack, D. M. (2013).
3064:Encyclopædia Britannica
3031:Oxford University Press
2912:Oxford University Press
2892:Oxford University Press
2695:Die Religion des Rgveda
2247:wrote of Australia as "
2218:, 1659 map prepared by
2126:samūḷhamasya pāṃsure ||
2083:published a world map,
1967:), and Africa to Cham (
1714:than the oceanic crust.
1614:. Notable examples are
1105:Encyclopædia Britannica
100:, Asia and Europe into
8745:Southern United States
8548:Scandinavian Peninsula
7034:Great Australian Bight
6510:"What Are Continents?"
6504:(11th ed.). 1911.
6043:The earth through time
5357:19 August 2006 at the
5171:"continuous landmass".
4831:
4735:. CABI. pp. 36–.
4635:. 1982. pp. 32–.
4583:Molnar, Peter (2015).
4454:Evans, D.A.D. (2013).
3842:The World – Continents
3755:Lexico Triantaphyllide
3690:. 2001. Archived from
3106:"continent 6" (1996)
3004:UN Atlas of the Oceans
2968:. 2006. Archived from
2903:"continent n." (2006)
2884:"continent n." (1989)
2674:Indo-Iranian languages
2428:
2305:
2231:
2197:
2140:
2099:Beyond four continents
2076:
1972:
1945:
1906:
1799:
1774:History of the concept
1603:
1554:world's largest island
1537:of South America, and
1517:
1452:
1396:English-speaking world
1067:continent of Australia
591:
399:
319:continent of Australia
192:(or mainlands) of the
48:
9221:Antarctic Convergence
8765:Western United States
7574:Biogeochemical cycles
7499:dependent territories
6231:Earth-Science Reviews
6190:Earth-Science Reviews
5433:penelope.uchicago.edu
5415:penelope.uchicago.edu
5375:penelope.uchicago.edu
5317:Tozer, H. F. (1897).
5280:Tozer, H. F. (1897).
5200:Tozer, H. F. (1897).
4942:. Santa Barbara, CA:
4770:, Ltd. pp. 40–.
4694:Gallay, Alan (2015).
4435:, Population Division
4406:, Population Division
3598:26 March 2023 at the
3061:; "continent" (2007)
3047:, 2nd edition. (Ed.)
2761:. 20 September 2011.
2707:, p. 4 mentions
2506:. The supercontinent
2459:, which includes the
2433:continental fragments
2426:
2326:Further information:
2238:Europeans discovered
2214:
2189:
2071:
1963:), Europe to Iafeth (
1950:
1940:
1901:
1786:
1721:With the addition of
1663:Geological continents
1642:Further information:
1598:
1589:Further information:
1512:
1499:Further information:
1446:
1437:Further information:
818:Geological continents
749:Physiographic regions
685:Continuous landmasses
590:
380:
323:mainland of Australia
261:Further information:
143:continental fragments
135:geological continents
42:
8287:Greater Central Asia
7622:Computer cartography
7355:Prebiotic atmosphere
7258:Continental fragment
7253:Regions of the world
5828:www.sacred-texts.com
5803:www.sacred-texts.com
3773:3 April 2019 at the
3659:19 June 2019 at the
2653: 2000 BCE
2386:continental platform
2279:) landmass had been
2222:based on voyages by
2081:Martin Waldseemüller
2008:Christopher Columbus
1977:Western Roman Empire
1644:Continental fragment
1612:submerged continents
1579:Submerged continents
1558:North American Plate
952:"Parts" of the world
930: South America
922: North America
349:District of Columbia
141:, but exclude small
45:convention and model
30:For other uses, see
9433:Continents of Earth
8960:Brazilian Highlands
8369:Indian subcontinent
8230:Antarctic Peninsula
8028:Southern Hemisphere
8023:Northern Hemisphere
7765:Geologic time scale
7486:Culture and society
7350:Atmosphere of Earth
7215:Indian Subcontinent
7005:Submerged continent
6439:on 20 February 2012
6432:(4), archived from
6280:Understanding Earth
6244:2004ESRv...67...91Z
6203:2002ESRv...59..125Z
6094:Understanding Earth
5542:The Natural History
4993:10.1130/GSATG321A.1
4475:2013GSAB..125.1735E
3824:National Geographic
3636:16 May 2023 at the
3285:10.22459/ac.08.2018
3206:, pp. 104–123.
2997:31 May 2008 at the
2826:Glossary of Geology
2759:National Geographic
2690:1500–1300 BCE.
2683:1500–1200 BCE.
2601:Forgotten continent
2039:Fernando de Noronha
1761:submerged continent
1585:Submerged continent
1523:Indian subcontinent
1515:Indian subcontinent
1501:Indian subcontinent
1161:
1089:Area and population
1083:submerged continent
534:Australian mainland
491:Indian subcontinent
368:continental islands
131:continental shelves
9248:Great Barrier Reef
8869:Mainland Australia
8577:Apennine Peninsula
8038:Western Hemisphere
8013:Eastern Hemisphere
7760:Geological history
7634:Geodetic astronomy
6996:
6791:
6708:
6580:
6363:Lewis, Martin W.;
6137:on 3 November 2007
5540:"Pliny the Elder,
5239:. pp. 57–61.
5188:A Study of History
5184:Toynbee, Arnold J.
5133:. 4 October 2017.
4872:Rafferty, John P.
4849:(Spaniard version)
4805:. pp. 1637–.
4768:Ashgate Publishing
3905:. 31 October 2009.
3278:Press. p. 4.
2786:Murray, Warwick E.
2569:Environment portal
2429:
2380:continental shield
2232:
2198:
2103:The Sanskrit text
2077:
2037:, passing through
2010:sailed across the
1973:
1800:
1604:
1591:List of lost lands
1518:
1453:
1408:Western New Guinea
1159:
1023:and some parts of
592:
542:Bering Land Bridge
404:cultural construct
400:
356:physical geography
298:continental Europe
49:
9449:
9448:
9329:Mediterranean Rim
9202:
9201:
9141:Mediterranean Sea
8995:
8994:
8948:Amazon Rainforest
8775:Canadian Prairies
8740:Pacific Northwest
8601:Iberian Peninsula
8386:Arabian Peninsula
8213:Antarctic Plateau
7973:Three/Four Worlds
7895:
7894:
7846:Planetary science
7829:Natural satellite
7750:Extremes on Earth
7717:Signal processing
7282:
7281:
7228:
7227:
7223:
7222:
7044:Kerguelen Plateau
6982:
6981:
6977:
6976:
6777:
6776:
6772:
6771:
6694:
6693:
6689:
6688:
6495:"Continent"
6384:978-0-520-20743-1
6356:978-0-521-43878-0
6290:978-1-4641-3874-4
6104:978-1-4641-3874-4
5992:978-0-520-20742-4
5905:978-0-520-20743-1
5784:978-0-19-971825-2
5575:O'Gorman, Edmundo
5548:perseus.tufts.edu
5544:(Plin. Nat. 3.1)"
5468:on 19 August 2006
5307:, pp. 21–22.
5072:Woodward, Aylin.
4953:978-1-57607-688-0
4812:978-1-57958-388-0
4777:978-1-4094-6961-2
4742:978-0-85199-932-6
4711:978-1-317-48719-7
4704:. pp. 204–.
4677:978-94-007-5757-8
4670:, pp. 281–,
4642:978-87-635-1150-6
4600:978-0-19-104396-3
4541:978-0-8160-7229-3
3935:on 24 March 2014.
3743:978-960-6715-47-1
3576:978-1-4684-7817-4
3569:. pp. 141–.
3520:978-1-4214-1614-4
3513:. pp. 204–.
3473:978-0-520-28989-5
3466:. pp. 232–.
3422:978-1-317-52552-3
3295:978-1-76046-247-5
3234:978-0-8160-7229-3
2807:978-1-292-12939-6
2790:Bradshaw, Michael
2693:Thomas Oberlies (
2686:Anthony mentions
2469:Kerguelen Plateau
2457:Mascarene Plateau
2443:, which includes
2418:continental shelf
2328:Continental crust
2184:
2183:
1997:Great Catabathmus
1934:The Roman author
1929:Mediterranean Sea
1923:and the mouth of
1708:continental crust
1628:Kerguelen Plateau
1608:continental crust
1527:Arabian Peninsula
1505:Arabian Peninsula
1384:
1383:
1065:, as well as the
957:
956:
938: Antarctica
870: Antarctica
804: Antarctica
735: Antarctica
489:, Europe and the
487:Physiographically
453:Isthmus of Panama
364:continental shelf
321:may refer to the
317:, while the term
158:continental drift
16:(Redirected from
9469:
9431:
9430:
9410:Global Southwest
9405:Global Southeast
9395:Global Northwest
9390:Global Northeast
9380:Global Heartland
9324:Indian Ocean Rim
9006:
9005:
8898:Island Melanesia
8589:Balkan Peninsula
8364:Himalayan states
8311:Russian Far East
8105:
8104:
8033:Water Hemisphere
7922:
7915:
7908:
7899:
7898:
7885:
7884:
7777:History of Earth
7428:Paleoclimatology
7309:
7302:
7295:
7286:
7285:
7266:
7265:
7247:World portal
7245:
7244:
7182:
7131:
7088:
7016:
6993:
6992:
6988:
6987:
6866:
6804:
6788:
6787:
6783:
6782:
6762:
6747:
6732:
6717:
6705:
6704:
6700:
6699:
6679:
6664:
6649:
6634:
6619:
6604:
6589:
6577:
6576:
6572:
6571:
6553:
6546:
6539:
6530:
6529:
6511:
6505:
6497:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6453:
6440:
6438:
6423:
6413:
6404:
6398:
6396:
6359:
6348:
6334:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6310:
6274:
6268:
6267:
6265:
6263:
6221:
6215:
6214:
6184:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6173:
6153:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6142:
6123:
6117:
6116:
6088:
6082:
6076:
6070:
6064:
6058:
6057:
6037:
6031:
6030:
6024:
6022:
6013:. Archived from
6003:
5997:
5996:
5980:
5970:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5956:
5916:
5910:
5909:
5891:
5885:
5879:
5873:
5860:
5854:
5848:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5820:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5809:
5795:
5789:
5788:
5768:
5759:
5753:
5747:
5741:
5735:
5729:
5723:
5717:
5711:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5694:
5676:
5670:
5655:
5649:
5634:
5628:
5613:
5604:
5589:
5583:
5582:
5571:
5565:
5558:
5552:
5551:
5536:
5530:
5513:
5507:
5506:
5499:
5493:
5491:
5485:
5477:
5475:
5473:
5467:
5461:. Archived from
5460:
5443:
5437:
5436:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5407:
5401:
5400:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5367:
5361:
5339:
5333:
5332:
5314:
5308:
5302:
5296:
5295:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5225:Pocock, J. G. A.
5221:
5212:
5211:
5197:
5191:
5181:
5172:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5127:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5078:Business Insider
5069:
5063:
5062:
5061:on 21 July 2021.
5047:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5036:
5016:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5005:
4995:
4971:
4962:
4961:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4900:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4869:
4863:
4834:
4827:
4821:
4820:
4803:Psychology Press
4792:
4786:
4785:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4623:
4617:
4608:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4555:
4549:
4548:
4523:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4499:
4483:10.1130/B30950.1
4460:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4430:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4268:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4074:
4068:
4057:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4035:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4003:encyklopedia pwn
3995:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3925:
3919:
3912:
3906:
3885:
3879:
3870:
3864:
3839:
3833:
3828:Xpeditions Atlas
3809:
3803:
3705:
3696:
3695:
3676:
3670:
3650:
3641:
3629:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3609:
3603:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3415:. pp. 13–.
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:five continents.
3389:
3387:
3368:
3362:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3287:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3248:
3246:
3216:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3148:Ollier, Cliff D.
3145:
3139:
3138:
3127:
3121:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3074:
3068:
3021:
3015:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2901:
2895:
2882:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2821:
2812:
2811:
2796:(5th ed.).
2782:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2751:
2734:
2730:
2718:
2710:
2689:
2682:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2642:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2571:
2566:
2565:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2543:
2541:Geography portal
2538:
2537:
2536:
2395:sedimentary rock
2383:surrounded by a
2308:
2114:
2027:Amerigo Vespucci
1807:
1806:
1712:seismic velocity
1680:Elevation – The
1630:in the southern
1415:
1392:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1162:
1158:
1073:Eighth continent
946: Australia
945:
944:
937:
936:
929:
928:
921:
920:
913:
912:
905:
904:
897:
896:
878: Australia
877:
876:
869:
868:
861:
860:
857:
847:
846:
836:
835:
828:
827:
812: Australia
811:
810:
803:
802:
792:
791:
781:
780:
773:
772:
769:
762:
761:
743: Australia
742:
741:
734:
733:
726:
725:
722:
712:
711:
708:
698:
697:
676:
675:
666:
665:
651:
650:
647:
629:
628:
625:
622:
599:
598:
387:sovereign states
268:classification:
234:Ephraim Chambers
21:
9477:
9476:
9472:
9471:
9470:
9468:
9467:
9466:
9452:
9451:
9450:
9445:
9419:
9361:
9338:
9305:
9269:
9198:
9187:South China Sea
9096:
9039:Central America
8991:
8924:
8845:
8797:Northern Mexico
8785:Northern Canada
8770:Atlantic Canada
8725:Mountain states
8651:
8506:European Russia
8499:Southern Russia
8455:
8408:Iranian Plateau
8236:
8225:West Antarctica
8208:East Antarctica
8194:
8094:
8042:
8018:Land Hemisphere
7999:
7939:
7926:
7896:
7891:
7873:
7840:
7824:
7781:
7772:Geologic record
7726:
7712:Plate tectonics
7702:Mineral physics
7682:Earth structure
7668:
7603:
7550:
7480:
7432:
7389:
7336:
7318:
7313:
7283:
7278:
7277:
7239:
7224:
7219:
7205:Eastern Siberia
7195:Central America
7183:
7176:
7170:
7165:Terra Australis
7132:
7116:
7110:
7106:Pangaea Proxima
7089:
7084:
7078:
7017:
7013:microcontinents
7002:
6978:
6973:
6919:East Antarctica
6867:
6862:
6856:
6805:
6801:supercontinents
6797:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6753:
6748:
6738:
6733:
6723:
6718:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6670:
6665:
6655:
6650:
6640:
6635:
6625:
6620:
6610:
6605:
6595:
6590:
6566:
6557:
6509:
6492:
6478:
6473:
6465:
6463:
6451:
6445:Witzel, Michael
6436:
6421:
6394:
6392:
6385:
6365:Wigen, Kären E.
6357:
6324:
6319:
6318:
6308:
6306:
6291:
6275:
6271:
6261:
6259:
6222:
6218:
6185:
6181:
6171:
6169:
6154:
6150:
6140:
6138:
6125:
6124:
6120:
6105:
6089:
6085:
6077:
6073:
6065:
6061:
6054:
6038:
6034:
6020:
6018:
6017:on 6 March 2008
6005:
6004:
6000:
5993:
5971:
5964:
5954:
5952:
5917:
5913:
5906:
5892:
5888:
5880:
5876:
5868:, 2nd edition.
5861:
5857:
5849:
5842:
5832:
5830:
5822:
5821:
5817:
5807:
5805:
5797:
5796:
5792:
5785:
5769:
5762:
5754:
5750:
5742:
5738:
5730:
5726:
5718:
5714:
5706:
5702:
5692:
5690:
5677:
5673:
5656:
5652:
5635:
5631:
5614:
5607:
5590:
5586:
5572:
5568:
5559:
5555:
5538:
5537:
5533:
5514:
5510:
5501:
5500:
5496:
5479:
5478:
5471:
5469:
5465:
5458:
5456:"Archived copy"
5454:
5444:
5440:
5427:
5426:
5422:
5409:
5408:
5404:
5391:
5390:
5386:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5359:Wayback Machine
5340:
5336:
5315:
5311:
5303:
5299:
5278:
5274:
5264:
5262:
5255:
5222:
5215:
5198:
5194:
5182:
5175:
5169:terra continens
5154:
5150:
5140:
5138:
5129:
5128:
5124:
5114:
5112:
5101:
5097:
5087:
5085:
5070:
5066:
5049:
5048:
5044:
5034:
5032:
5017:
5013:
5003:
5001:
4972:
4965:
4954:
4934:
4930:
4920:
4918:
4901:
4897:
4887:
4885:
4870:
4866:
4856:Wayback Machine
4845:Wayback Machine
4828:
4824:
4813:
4793:
4789:
4778:
4758:
4754:
4743:
4727:
4723:
4712:
4692:
4688:
4678:
4658:
4654:
4643:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4601:
4581:
4577:
4570:
4556:
4552:
4542:
4524:
4513:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4469:(11–12): 1736.
4458:
4452:
4448:
4438:
4436:
4428:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4409:
4407:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4383:
4381:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4351:
4349:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4319:
4317:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4287:
4285:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4255:
4253:
4240:"South America"
4238:
4237:
4233:
4223:
4221:
4208:"North America"
4206:
4205:
4201:
4191:
4189:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4159:
4157:
4142:
4141:
4137:
4127:
4125:
4115:
4111:
4101:
4099:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4060:Olympic Charter
4055:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4033:
4031:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4011:7 November 2023
3997:
3996:
3992:
3982:
3980:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3956:
3954:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3913:
3909:
3896:Wayback Machine
3886:
3882:
3871:
3867:
3862:Wayback Machine
3854:Atlas of Canada
3849:Wayback Machine
3840:
3836:
3819:Wayback Machine
3810:
3806:
3775:Wayback Machine
3715:Wayback Machine
3706:
3699:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3661:Wayback Machine
3651:
3644:
3638:Wayback Machine
3630:
3626:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3606:
3600:Wayback Machine
3592:
3588:
3577:
3557:
3553:
3536:
3532:
3521:
3501:
3497:
3483:
3481:
3474:
3454:
3450:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3423:
3403:
3399:
3385:
3383:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3358:
3354:
3344:
3342:
3335:Geography Realm
3327:
3323:
3313:
3311:
3296:
3266:
3262:
3244:
3242:
3235:
3217:
3210:
3202:
3198:
3190:
3186:
3178:
3174:
3166:
3162:
3146:
3142:
3128:
3124:
3105:
3101:
3091:
3089:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3029:, 2nd edition.
3022:
3018:
3011:Wayback Machine
2999:Wayback Machine
2989:
2985:
2975:
2973:
2972:on 3 March 2007
2960:
2959:
2955:
2947:
2943:
2939:. London, p. 3.
2934:
2930:
2922:
2918:
2902:
2898:
2890:, 2nd edition.
2883:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2847:
2843:
2836:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2800:. p. 231.
2783:
2779:
2768:
2766:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2652:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2548:
2546:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2455:; the northern
2334:
2332:Plate tectonics
2324:
2301:Latin Americans
2171:transliteration
2164:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2137:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2101:
2005:
1989:Isthmus of Suez
1936:Pliny the Elder
1839:strait and the
1781:
1776:
1671:
1665:
1657:microcontinents
1652:
1646:
1640:
1638:Microcontinents
1593:
1587:
1581:
1573:Central America
1546:tectonic plates
1531:Southern Africa
1507:
1497:
1461:Supercontinents
1441:
1435:
1429:
1427:Supercontinents
1424:
1422:Other divisions
1419:
1418:
1393:
1389:
1202:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1138:Sinai Peninsula
1134:Isthmus of Suez
1100:
1091:
1075:
942:
941:
934:
933:
926:
925:
918:
917:
910:
909:
902:
901:
894:
893:
874:
873:
866:
865:
858:
855:
854:
844:
843:
833:
832:
825:
824:
808:
807:
800:
799:
789:
788:
778:
777:
770:
767:
766:
759:
758:
739:
738:
731:
730:
723:
720:
719:
709:
706:
705:
695:
694:
673:
672:
663:
662:
648:
645:
644:
626:
623:
620:
619:
597:
595:
582:
449:Isthmus of Suez
440:
434:
428:
408:oceanic islands
289:
265:
259:
204:and in 1745 to
182:terra continens
170:
151:microcontinents
139:tectonic plates
112:Oceanic islands
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9475:
9465:
9464:
9447:
9446:
9444:
9443:
9441:Physical Earth
9424:
9421:
9420:
9418:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9371:
9369:
9363:
9362:
9360:
9359:
9354:
9348:
9346:
9340:
9339:
9337:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9315:
9313:
9307:
9306:
9304:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9292:
9291:
9280:
9278:
9271:
9270:
9268:
9267:
9262:
9261:
9260:
9255:
9253:Mariana Trench
9250:
9240:
9235:
9233:Atlantic Ocean
9230:
9225:
9224:
9223:
9212:
9210:
9204:
9203:
9200:
9199:
9197:
9196:
9194:Southern Ocean
9191:
9190:
9189:
9184:
9182:East China Sea
9174:
9173:
9172:
9162:
9161:
9160:
9159:
9158:
9153:
9148:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9116:Atlantic Ocean
9113:
9107:
9105:
9098:
9097:
9095:
9094:
9093:
9092:
9087:
9077:
9076:
9075:
9070:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9049:
9048:
9043:
9042:
9041:
9036:
9021:
9015:
9013:
9003:
8997:
8996:
8993:
8992:
8990:
8989:
8988:
8987:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8951:
8950:
8945:
8934:
8932:
8926:
8925:
8923:
8922:
8920:Remote Oceania
8917:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8901:
8900:
8890:
8889:
8888:
8883:
8882:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8855:
8853:
8847:
8846:
8844:
8843:
8838:
8837:
8836:
8835:
8834:
8829:
8814:
8809:
8804:
8799:
8794:
8793:
8792:
8790:Western Canada
8787:
8782:
8780:Eastern Canada
8777:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8661:
8659:
8653:
8652:
8650:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8628:
8627:
8622:
8617:
8607:
8606:
8605:
8604:
8603:
8593:
8592:
8591:
8581:
8580:
8579:
8569:
8564:
8554:
8553:
8552:
8551:
8550:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8515:
8514:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8502:
8501:
8496:
8494:South Caucasus
8491:
8489:North Caucasus
8481:
8471:
8465:
8463:
8457:
8456:
8454:
8453:
8452:
8451:
8450:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8429:
8428:
8427:
8422:
8412:
8411:
8410:
8400:
8399:
8398:
8396:South Caucasus
8388:
8378:
8377:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8356:
8355:
8354:
8349:
8339:
8334:
8333:
8332:
8327:
8317:
8316:
8315:
8314:
8313:
8298:
8297:
8296:
8291:
8290:
8289:
8274:
8273:
8272:
8267:
8265:Aralkum Desert
8262:
8252:
8246:
8244:
8238:
8237:
8235:
8234:
8233:
8232:
8222:
8217:
8216:
8215:
8204:
8202:
8196:
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8192:
8191:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8179:
8178:
8173:
8163:
8153:
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8151:
8150:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8119:
8113:
8111:
8102:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8092:
8091:
8090:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8064:
8063:
8056:Africa-Eurasia
8052:
8050:
8044:
8043:
8041:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8009:
8007:
8001:
8000:
7998:
7997:
7996:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7949:
7947:
7941:
7940:
7925:
7924:
7917:
7910:
7902:
7893:
7892:
7890:
7889:
7878:
7875:
7874:
7872:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7850:
7848:
7842:
7841:
7839:
7838:
7832:
7830:
7826:
7825:
7823:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7805:Atlantic Ocean
7802:
7797:
7791:
7789:
7783:
7782:
7780:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7768:
7767:
7757:
7752:
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7728:
7727:
7725:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7687:Fluid dynamics
7684:
7678:
7676:
7670:
7669:
7667:
7666:
7661:
7659:Geopositioning
7656:
7654:Remote Sensing
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7625:
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7605:
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7448:
7442:
7440:
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7433:
7431:
7430:
7425:
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7413:Climate change
7410:
7408:Energy balance
7405:
7403:Climate system
7399:
7397:
7391:
7390:
7388:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7346:
7344:
7338:
7337:
7335:
7334:
7329:
7323:
7320:
7319:
7312:
7311:
7304:
7297:
7289:
7280:
7279:
7276:
7275:
7270:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7234:
7233:
7230:
7229:
7226:
7225:
7221:
7220:
7218:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7200:Eastern Africa
7197:
7192:
7187:
7173:
7171:
7169:
7168:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7113:
7111:
7109:
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7103:
7098:
7093:
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7071:
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7056:
7051:
7046:
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7021:
6999:
6997:
6991:
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6556:
6555:
6548:
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6533:
6527:
6526:
6521:
6506:
6490:
6477:
6476:External links
6474:
6472:
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6441:
6414:
6405:
6383:
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6325:
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6216:
6197:(1): 125–162.
6179:
6148:
6118:
6103:
6083:
6081:, p. 194.
6071:
6059:
6053:978-0470387740
6052:
6032:
5998:
5991:
5962:
5911:
5904:
5886:
5874:
5855:
5840:
5815:
5790:
5783:
5760:
5758:, p. 155.
5748:
5746:, p. 158.
5736:
5734:, p. 454.
5724:
5712:
5700:
5671:
5650:
5629:
5605:
5584:
5566:
5564:, 5 (1) p. 38.
5553:
5531:
5508:
5494:
5438:
5420:
5402:
5384:
5362:
5334:
5309:
5297:
5272:
5254:978-0511496813
5253:
5213:
5192:
5173:
5165:continent land
5148:
5122:
5095:
5064:
5042:
5011:
4963:
4952:
4946:. p. 50.
4928:
4895:
4864:
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3321:
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2941:
2928:
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2896:
2872:
2841:
2835:978-0922152896
2834:
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2806:
2777:
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2742:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2724:
2723:
2720:
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2717:
2716:
2702:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2666:
2648:separation of
2636:
2635:
2633:
2630:
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2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2572:
2558:
2555:Ecology portal
2544:
2528:
2525:
2323:
2320:
2269:Charles Wilkes
2216:Hollandia Nova
2182:
2181:
2174:
2166:
2165:
2158:none deceiveth
2138:
2100:
2097:
2031:Gonçalo Coelho
2012:Atlantic Ocean
2004:
2001:
1959:—Asia to Sem (
1874:and along the
1833:Sea of Marmara
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1730:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1704:
1689:
1664:
1661:
1639:
1636:
1606:Some areas of
1583:Main article:
1580:
1577:
1496:
1493:
1433:Supercontinent
1431:Main article:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1360:
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1356:
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1338:
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1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1316:
1315:
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1306:
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1300:
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1234:
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1215:
1212:
1206:
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1191:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1090:
1087:
1074:
1071:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1028:
1025:Eastern Europe
1017:
980:, and also in
974:United Kingdom
955:
954:
949:
947:
939:
931:
923:
915:
907:
899:
891:
887:
886:
881:
879:
871:
863:
862: America
852:
841:
830:
821:
820:
815:
813:
805:
797:
786:
775:
774: Eurasia
764:
756:
752:
751:
746:
744:
736:
728:
727: America
717:
703:
692:
688:
687:
682:
680:
670:
660:
642:
617:
613:
612:
609:
606:
603:
593:
581:
578:
430:Main article:
427:
424:
383:island nations
343:but excluding
288:
285:
258:
255:
178:continent land
169:
166:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9474:
9463:
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9457:
9442:
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9408:
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9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
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9376:
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9372:
9370:
9368:
9364:
9358:
9355:
9353:
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9277:
9272:
9266:
9263:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9245:
9244:
9243:Pacific Ocean
9241:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9222:
9219:
9218:
9217:
9214:
9213:
9211:
9209:
9205:
9195:
9192:
9188:
9185:
9183:
9180:
9179:
9178:
9177:Pacific Ocean
9175:
9171:
9168:
9167:
9166:
9163:
9157:
9154:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9143:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9131:Caribbean Sea
9129:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9118:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9108:
9106:
9104:
9099:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9082:
9081:
9078:
9074:
9073:by population
9071:
9069:
9066:
9065:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9047:
9046:South America
9044:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9031:
9030:
9029:North America
9027:
9026:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9017:
9016:
9014:
9012:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8998:
8986:
8983:
8982:
8981:
8980:Southern Cone
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8955:Andean States
8953:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8940:
8939:
8936:
8935:
8933:
8931:
8930:South America
8927:
8921:
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8899:
8896:
8895:
8894:
8891:
8887:
8884:
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8877:
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8872:
8870:
8867:
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8865:
8862:
8861:
8860:
8857:
8856:
8854:
8852:
8848:
8842:
8839:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8824:
8823:
8820:
8819:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
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8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8692:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8662:
8660:
8658:
8657:North America
8654:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8620:Low Countries
8618:
8616:
8613:
8612:
8611:
8608:
8602:
8599:
8598:
8597:
8596:South-western
8594:
8590:
8587:
8586:
8585:
8584:South-eastern
8582:
8578:
8575:
8574:
8573:
8572:South-central
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8562:Mediterranean
8560:
8559:
8558:
8555:
8549:
8546:
8545:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8528:British Isles
8526:
8524:
8521:
8520:
8519:
8516:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8486:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8476:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8466:
8464:
8462:
8458:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8434:
8433:
8430:
8426:
8425:Levantine Sea
8423:
8421:
8418:
8417:
8416:
8413:
8409:
8406:
8405:
8404:
8401:
8397:
8394:
8393:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8383:
8382:
8379:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8361:
8360:
8357:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8344:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8322:
8321:
8318:
8312:
8309:
8308:
8307:
8304:
8303:
8302:
8299:
8295:
8292:
8288:
8285:
8284:
8283:
8280:
8279:
8278:
8275:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8257:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8247:
8245:
8243:
8239:
8231:
8228:
8227:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8214:
8211:
8210:
8209:
8206:
8205:
8203:
8201:
8197:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8168:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8158:
8157:
8154:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8129:
8128:
8125:
8124:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8117:Mediterranean
8115:
8114:
8112:
8110:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8097:
8089:
8086:
8085:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8062:
8059:
8058:
8057:
8054:
8053:
8051:
8049:
8045:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8010:
8008:
8006:
8002:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7975:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7950:
7948:
7946:
7942:
7938:
7934:
7930:
7923:
7918:
7916:
7911:
7909:
7904:
7903:
7900:
7888:
7880:
7879:
7876:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7851:
7849:
7847:
7843:
7837:
7834:
7833:
7831:
7827:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7815:Pacific Ocean
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7792:
7790:
7788:
7784:
7778:
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7773:
7770:
7766:
7763:
7762:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7745:Earth science
7743:
7741:
7738:
7737:
7735:
7733:
7729:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7697:Magnetosphere
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7679:
7677:
7675:
7671:
7665:
7664:Virtual globe
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7629:Earth's orbit
7627:
7623:
7620:
7619:
7618:
7615:
7614:
7612:
7610:
7606:
7600:
7597:
7595:
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7587:
7585:
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7565:
7562:
7561:
7559:
7557:
7553:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7536:World history
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7526:World economy
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7495:
7492:
7491:
7489:
7487:
7483:
7477:
7476:South America
7474:
7472:
7471:North America
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7443:
7441:
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7386:
7383:
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7339:
7333:
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7325:
7324:
7321:
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7305:
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7274:
7271:
7269:
7261:
7259:
7256:
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7236:
7235:
7231:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7181:
7180:
7179:Subcontinents
7175:
7174:
7172:
7167:
7166:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7144:Kumari Kandam
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7130:
7128:
7124:
7120:
7115:
7114:
7112:
7107:
7104:
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7094:
7092:
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7030:
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7015:
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7000:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6989:
6985:
6970:
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6957:
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6890:
6887:
6885:
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6802:
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6789:
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6755:
6752:
6751:
6746:
6740:
6737:
6736:
6731:
6725:
6722:
6721:
6716:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6701:
6697:
6684:
6683:
6682:South America
6678:
6672:
6669:
6668:
6667:North America
6663:
6657:
6654:
6653:
6648:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6633:
6627:
6624:
6623:
6618:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6603:
6597:
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6531:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6516:
6512:
6507:
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6496:
6491:
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6483:
6480:
6479:
6461:
6457:
6450:
6446:
6442:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6420:
6415:
6411:
6406:
6402:
6390:
6386:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6358:
6352:
6347:
6346:
6340:
6336:
6332:
6327:
6326:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6292:
6286:
6282:
6281:
6273:
6257:
6253:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6238:(1): 91–123.
6237:
6233:
6232:
6227:
6220:
6212:
6208:
6204:
6200:
6196:
6192:
6191:
6183:
6167:
6163:
6159:
6152:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6122:
6114:
6110:
6106:
6100:
6096:
6095:
6087:
6080:
6075:
6069:, p. 83.
6068:
6063:
6055:
6049:
6045:
6044:
6036:
6029:
6016:
6012:
6008:
6002:
5994:
5988:
5984:
5979:
5978:
5969:
5967:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5915:
5907:
5901:
5897:
5890:
5883:
5878:
5871:
5867:
5866:
5859:
5852:
5847:
5845:
5829:
5825:
5819:
5804:
5800:
5794:
5786:
5780:
5776:
5775:
5767:
5765:
5757:
5756:Oberlies 1998
5752:
5745:
5744:Oberlies 1998
5740:
5733:
5728:
5721:
5716:
5710:, p. 37.
5709:
5704:
5688:
5684:
5683:
5675:
5668:
5667:0-7658-0987-7
5664:
5660:
5654:
5647:
5646:0-941419-62-2
5643:
5639:
5633:
5626:
5625:0-7658-0987-7
5622:
5618:
5612:
5610:
5602:
5601:0-941419-62-2
5598:
5594:
5588:
5580:
5576:
5570:
5563:
5557:
5549:
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5543:
5535:
5529:
5526:
5523:
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5517:
5512:
5504:
5498:
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5457:
5453:
5452:
5447:
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5434:
5430:
5424:
5416:
5412:
5406:
5398:
5397:topostext.org
5394:
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5376:
5372:
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5360:
5356:
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5348:
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5338:
5330:
5326:
5323:. Cambridge:
5322:
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5313:
5306:
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5293:
5289:
5286:. Cambridge:
5285:
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5260:
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5209:
5205:
5204:
5196:
5189:
5185:
5180:
5178:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5159:(1940), s.v.
5158:
5152:
5136:
5132:
5126:
5110:
5106:
5099:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5068:
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4879:
4875:
4868:
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4857:
4853:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4839:
4833:
4832:subcontinente
4826:
4818:
4814:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4799:
4791:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4769:
4765:
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4756:
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4569:9781317030461
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4315:
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4310:
4305:
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4283:
4279:
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4177:
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4120:
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4097:
4093:
4087:
4080:
4065:
4061:
4054:
4048:
4041:
4029:
4025:
4019:
4012:
4008:
4005:. WN PWN SA.
4004:
4000:
3994:
3978:
3974:
3968:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3917:
3911:
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3897:
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3875:
3869:
3863:
3859:
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3855:
3850:
3846:
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3838:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3808:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3792:960-86190-1-7
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3727:84-407-0470-4
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
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3668:
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3649:
3647:
3639:
3635:
3632:
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3621:
3617:
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3578:
3572:
3568:
3564:
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3555:
3547:
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3522:
3516:
3512:
3508:
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3499:
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3469:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3452:
3444:
3440:
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3424:
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3410:
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3401:
3394:
3381:
3377:
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3360:
3356:
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3325:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3264:
3257:
3252:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3215:
3213:
3205:
3200:
3193:
3188:
3182:, p. 35.
3181:
3176:
3169:
3164:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3137:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2987:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2951:, p. 21.
2950:
2945:
2938:
2932:
2926:, p. 29.
2925:
2920:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2900:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2860:
2856:
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2845:
2837:
2831:
2827:
2820:
2818:
2809:
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2799:
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2787:
2781:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2746:
2729:
2725:
2714:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2699:Oberlies 1998
2696:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2647:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2573:
2570:
2564:
2559:
2556:
2545:
2542:
2531:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2481:British Isles
2479:are not. The
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2465:Caribbean Sea
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2449:New Caledonia
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2391:basement rock
2388:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2348:, largely of
2347:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2329:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2245:Samuel Butler
2241:
2236:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2202:Matsya Purana
2196:
2192:
2188:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2063:North America
2059:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2047:South America
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1925:Lake Bardawil
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1821:ancient Greek
1817:
1815:
1811:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1750:
1748:South America
1747:
1745:North America
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1651:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1624:New Caledonia
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1569:South America
1566:
1565:North America
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1535:Southern Cone
1532:
1528:
1524:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1495:Subcontinents
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1413:
1409:
1406:but excludes
1405:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1387:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1298:South America
1295:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1276:North America
1273:
1269:
1267:1,393,676,444
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1245:4,694,576,167
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1223:7,909,295,151
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1174:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1154:Easter Island
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1128:based on the
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1093:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1063:Pacific Ocean
1060:
1056:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1040:Latin America
1037:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
978:United States
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
958:
953:
950:
948:
914: Europe
898: Africa
889:
888:
885:
882:
880:
872:
864:
851:
842:
840:
831:
829: Africa
823:
822:
819:
816:
814:
806:
798:
796:
795:South America
787:
785:
784:North America
776:
763: Africa
757:
753:
750:
747:
745:
737:
729:
716:
702:
693:
690:
689:
686:
683:
681:
679:
671:
669:
661:
658:
654:
640:
636:
632:
615:
614:
610:
607:
601:
600:
589:
585:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:Great Britain
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
520:
515:
513:
508:
505:
501:
497:
492:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
439:
433:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
396:
392:
388:
384:
379:
375:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
337:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
303:Great Britain
300:
299:
294:
284:
282:
277:
275:
271:
264:
254:
251:
250:Emanuel Bowen
247:
243:
239:
236:wrote in his
235:
231:
228:wrote in his
227:
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
165:
163:
159:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
121:
117:
116:Pacific Ocean
113:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
82:South America
79:
78:North America
75:
71:
67:
62:
58:
54:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
9439: /
9437:List of seas
9435: /
9400:Global South
9385:Global North
9319:Atlantic Rim
9258:Ring of Fire
9238:Indian Ocean
9228:Arctic Ocean
9170:Persian Gulf
9165:Indian Ocean
9146:Adriatic Sea
9111:Arctic Ocean
9010:
8943:Amazon Basin
8938:Amazon Plain
8910:Near Oceania
8715:Mid-Atlantic
8665:Aridoamerica
8625:Northwestern
8538:Northwestern
8511:Southeastern
8403:Greater Iran
8342:Southeastern
8337:Pacific Asia
8306:Pacific Asia
8294:Northeastern
8250:Asia–Pacific
8099:
7993:Fourth World
7983:Second World
7869:Solar System
7820:Oceanography
7810:Indian Ocean
7800:Arctic Ocean
7740:Age of Earth
7692:Geomagnetism
7437:
7375:Thermosphere
7365:Stratosphere
7238:
7177:
7163:
7127:hypothesised
7117:
7085:
7003:
6934:Kazakhstania
6909:Congo Craton
6863:
6799:Prehistoric
6798:
6757:
6742:
6727:
6720:Afro-Eurasia
6712:
6674:
6659:
6644:
6629:
6614:
6599:
6584:
6559:
6499:
6485:
6464:, retrieved
6455:
6434:the original
6429:
6425:
6409:
6401:Google Books
6399:– via
6393:. Retrieved
6373:. Berkeley:
6369:
6344:
6339:Flood, Gavin
6330:
6322:Bibliography
6307:. Retrieved
6279:
6272:
6260:. Retrieved
6235:
6229:
6219:
6194:
6188:
6182:
6170:. Retrieved
6161:
6151:
6139:. Retrieved
6135:the original
6130:
6121:
6093:
6086:
6074:
6062:
6042:
6035:
6026:
6021:26 September
6019:. Retrieved
6015:the original
6001:
5976:
5953:. Retrieved
5928:
5924:
5914:
5895:
5889:
5877:
5863:
5858:
5853:, p. 30
5831:. Retrieved
5827:
5818:
5806:. Retrieved
5802:
5793:
5773:
5751:
5739:
5732:Anthony 2007
5727:
5722:, p. 4.
5715:
5703:
5691:. Retrieved
5681:
5674:
5658:
5653:
5637:
5632:
5616:
5592:
5587:
5578:
5569:
5561:
5556:
5547:
5541:
5534:
5519:
5511:
5497:
5470:. Retrieved
5463:the original
5449:
5441:
5432:
5423:
5414:
5405:
5396:
5387:
5378:
5374:
5365:
5345:
5337:
5319:
5312:
5300:
5282:
5275:
5263:. Retrieved
5232:
5202:
5195:
5187:
5168:
5164:
5156:
5151:
5139:. Retrieved
5125:
5113:. Retrieved
5098:
5086:. Retrieved
5077:
5067:
5059:the original
5054:
5045:
5033:. Retrieved
5025:The Guardian
5024:
5014:
5002:. Retrieved
4986:(3): 27–35.
4983:
4979:
4958:Google Books
4956:– via
4938:
4931:
4919:. Retrieved
4908:
4898:
4886:. Retrieved
4877:
4867:
4859:
4825:
4817:Google Books
4815:– via
4797:
4790:
4782:Google Books
4780:– via
4762:
4755:
4747:Google Books
4745:– via
4731:
4724:
4716:Google Books
4714:– via
4696:
4689:
4682:Google Books
4680:– via
4662:
4655:
4647:Google Books
4645:– via
4627:
4621:
4605:Google Books
4603:– via
4585:
4578:
4559:
4553:
4546:Google Books
4544:– via
4531:
4528:"Continents"
4502:. Retrieved
4466:
4463:GSA Bulletin
4462:
4449:
4437:. Retrieved
4420:
4408:. Retrieved
4394:
4382:. Retrieved
4371:
4362:
4350:. Retrieved
4339:
4330:
4318:. Retrieved
4307:
4298:
4286:. Retrieved
4275:
4272:"Antarctica"
4266:
4254:. Retrieved
4243:
4234:
4222:. Retrieved
4211:
4202:
4190:. Retrieved
4179:
4170:
4158:. Retrieved
4147:
4138:
4126:. Retrieved
4122:
4112:
4100:. Retrieved
4086:
4078:
4071:. Retrieved
4059:
4047:
4039:
4032:. Retrieved
4024:"Continents"
4018:
4010:
4002:
3993:
3981:. Retrieved
3967:
3955:. Retrieved
3941:
3933:the original
3923:
3915:
3910:
3899:
3883:
3872:
3868:
3853:
3837:
3822:
3807:
3799:
3795:
3784:G.Babiniotes
3779:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3734:
3730:
3718:
3710:
3692:the original
3686:. New York:
3683:
3674:
3664:
3627:
3616:
3607:
3589:
3581:Google Books
3579:– via
3561:
3554:
3540:
3533:
3525:Google Books
3523:– via
3505:
3498:
3490:Google Books
3488:– via
3482:. Retrieved
3458:
3451:
3443:Google Books
3437:
3431:
3407:
3400:
3391:
3384:. Retrieved
3376:Wonderopolis
3375:
3366:
3355:
3343:. Retrieved
3334:
3324:
3312:. Retrieved
3274:. Canberra:
3270:
3263:
3254:
3251:Google Books
3249:– via
3243:. Retrieved
3224:
3221:"continents"
3199:
3187:
3175:
3163:
3151:
3143:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3107:
3102:
3090:. Retrieved
3081:
3072:
3062:
3052:
3041:
3034:
3024:
3019:
3002:
2986:
2974:. Retrieved
2970:the original
2965:
2956:
2944:
2936:
2931:
2919:
2904:
2899:
2885:
2863:. Retrieved
2854:
2844:
2825:
2793:
2780:
2767:. Retrieved
2749:
2728:
2694:
2646:Indo-Iranian
2640:
2583:World portal
2504:Wilson Cycle
2501:
2493:Newfoundland
2430:
2399:
2384:
2378:
2373:) since the
2364:
2360:
2358:
2346:igneous rock
2337:
2335:
2313:
2311:
2297:
2293:Meiji period
2289:
2285:World War II
2259:
2252:
2237:
2233:
2228:Willem Jansz
2215:
2199:
2157:
2141:
2130:
2118:
2102:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2060:
2055:Mundus Novus
2054:
2051:Mundus Novus
2050:
2035:Indian Ocean
2024:
2006:
1993:T and O maps
1974:
1941:
1933:
1909:Eratosthenes
1907:
1902:
1879:
1868:Kerch Strait
1859:
1851:
1849:
1831:strait, the
1818:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1769:
1754:
1720:
1672:
1653:
1632:Indian Ocean
1605:
1571:) or three (
1562:
1543:
1519:
1456:
1454:
1390:
1214:149,733,926
1103:
1101:
1092:
1076:
1052:
1047:Olympic flag
964:, including
639:World Island
631:Afro-Eurasia
583:
526:land bridges
516:
512:Afro-Eurasia
509:
496:Eurocentrism
480:
476:World War II
469:
461:Panama Canal
445:more or less
444:
441:
401:
372:
359:
353:
334:
325:, excluding
318:
296:
292:
290:
278:
266:
237:
230:Cosmographie
229:
226:Peter Heylin
220:
218:
213:
209:
189:
181:
177:
173:
171:
156:The idea of
155:
124:
110:
106:Afro-Eurasia
52:
50:
36:
18:Subcontinent
9415:Global West
9375:Global East
9334:Pacific Rim
9276:waterbodies
9265:World Ocean
9090:New Zealand
8970:The Guianas
8859:Australasia
8802:West Indies
8730:New England
8710:Great Lakes
8680:Mesoamerica
8567:Middle East
8543:Scandinavia
8432:Middle East
8270:Caspian Sea
8176:Great Lakes
8156:Sub-Saharan
8142:Middle East
8005:Hemispheres
7988:Third World
7978:First World
7931:'s primary
7617:Cartography
7556:Environment
7423:Climatology
7360:Troposphere
7101:Novopangaea
6969:South China
6949:North China
6395:14 December
5955:21 November
5720:Witzel 1995
5693:7 September
5004:20 February
4921:31 December
4888:26 December
4336:"Australia"
4034:18 December
3999:"kontynent"
3680:"Continent"
3118:terrestrial
3092:21 November
3049:Erin McKean
2976:20 February
2966:answers.com
2733:kilometers.
2713:Witzel 1997
2705:Witzel 1995
2445:New Zealand
2375:Precambrian
2342:metamorphic
2281:anticipated
2249:New Holland
2224:Abel Tasman
2178:translation
2109:Lord Vishnu
1985:Middle Ages
1953:T and O map
1917:Caspian Sea
1904:comparison.
1872:Sea of Azov
1845:hinterlands
1829:Dardanelles
1765:Precambrian
1701:sedimentary
1697:metamorphic
1686:ocean crust
1620:New Zealand
1412:Aru Islands
1404:New Zealand
1355:745,173,774
1346:10,000,000
1324:14,200,000
1311:434,254,119
1302:17,814,000
1289:595,783,465
1280:24,230,000
1261:11,724,000
1258:30,365,000
1239:17,226,000
1236:44,614,000
1217:57,812,592
1171:Population
1142:East Thrace
1112:along with
1110:Australasia
1038:—including
1008:, parts of
1002:Philippines
906: Asia
605:Continents
519:Pleistocene
281:World Ocean
238:Cyclopædia,
208:. The word
194:Isle of Man
9462:Continents
9156:Ionian Sea
9151:Aegean Sea
9121:Baltic Sea
9053:Antarctica
8905:Micronesia
8874:New Guinea
8832:Portuguese
8755:West Coast
8705:East Coast
8700:Bible Belt
8695:Appalachia
8374:Subregions
8282:Inner Asia
8200:Antarctica
8100:Continents
8073:Antarctica
8048:Landmasses
7958:Down Under
7953:Arab World
7937:subregions
7722:Tomography
7707:Seismology
7674:Geophysics
7649:Navigation
7541:Time zones
7506:In culture
7451:Antarctica
7438:Continents
7370:Mesosphere
7342:Atmosphere
7237:See also:
7139:Hyperborea
7129:continents
7064:Seychelles
7049:Madagascar
7029:Doggerland
6924:Euramerica
6879:Asiamerica
6607:Antarctica
6560:Continents
6466:8 December
6079:Levin 2010
6067:Levin 2010
5833:19 January
5808:19 January
5708:Flood 1996
5472:8 February
5327:. p.
5290:. p.
5265:8 December
5141:8 December
5115:8 December
5088:8 December
5035:8 December
4589:. Oxford:
4504:8 December
4384:1 December
4352:1 December
4320:1 December
4288:1 December
4256:1 December
4224:1 December
4192:1 December
4160:1 December
4102:24 January
4053:"Preamble"
3983:7 November
3314:8 December
2865:6 December
2769:6 December
2741:References
2663:Max Müller
2461:Seychelles
2453:Madagascar
2277:antipodean
2261:Antarctica
2220:Joan Blaeu
2206:Mount Meru
1825:Aegean Sea
1814:Asia Minor
1763:is indeed
1732:Antarctica
1674:Geologists
1667:See also:
1650:Madagascar
1648:See also:
1377:44,491,724
1371:3,286,087
1368:8,510,926
1349:3,900,000
1327:5,500,000
1320:Antarctica
1305:6,878,000
1283:9,360,000
1196:(estimate)
1168:Land area
1165:Continent
1118:Micronesia
982:Bangladesh
976:, and the
668:Antarctica
570:New Guinea
562:Antarctica
457:Suez Canal
436:See also:
426:Separation
412:Madagascar
385:depicting
327:New Guinea
216:was used.
190:continents
147:Madagascar
86:Antarctica
57:convention
9352:Antarctic
9136:Irish Sea
9126:Black Sea
9085:Australia
9034:Caribbean
9011:continent
8985:Patagonia
8915:Polynesia
8893:Melanesia
8886:Zealandia
8864:Australia
8750:Southwest
8670:Caribbean
8447:Near East
8088:submerged
8083:Zealandia
8078:Australia
7968:Old World
7963:New World
7639:Geomatics
7584:Ecosystem
7569:Biosphere
7531:Etymology
7511:Earth Day
7461:Australia
7380:Exosphere
7210:Greenland
7074:Zealandia
7039:Jan Mayen
7024:Cathaysia
6944:Laurentia
6939:Laramidia
6929:Kalaharia
6884:Atlantica
6817:Kenorland
6637:Australia
6482:Continent
6309:5 January
6299:884299180
6172:26 August
6141:26 August
6113:884299180
6028:Americas.
5945:130570425
5931:: 21–34.
5521:Geography
5446:Herodotus
5342:Herodotus
4980:GSA Today
4702:Routledge
4491:0016-7606
4368:"Oceania"
3889:Continent
3796:continent
3763:continent
3761:), lemma
3747:continent
3654:Continent
3413:Routledge
3345:26 August
3304:135195553
2855:Space.com
2626:Subregion
2497:Laurasian
2485:Sri Lanka
2441:Zealandia
2410:accreting
2371:orogenies
2361:continent
2338:continent
2240:Australia
2176:—RigVeda
2169:—RigVeda
2025:In 1501,
2016:Caribbean
1951:Medieval
1913:isthmuses
1892:Herodotus
1841:Black Sea
1751:Zealandia
1736:Australia
1723:Zealandia
1669:Zealandia
1616:Zealandia
1600:Zealandia
1550:Greenland
1473:Kenorland
1457:continent
1400:Australia
1122:Polynesia
1114:Melanesia
1079:Zealandia
1034:and many
994:Indonesia
966:Australia
678:Australia
657:New World
635:Old World
566:Australia
465:isthmuses
398:landmass.
360:continent
293:continent
274:Australia
270:Greenland
221:continent
214:continent
210:continent
174:continent
168:Etymology
94:Australia
53:continent
9456:Category
8879:Tasmania
8827:Hispanic
8690:Northern
8637:Germanic
8615:Atlantic
8557:Southern
8518:Northern
8484:Caucasus
8420:Dead Sea
8391:Caucasus
8359:Southern
8352:Maritime
8347:Mainland
8320:Northern
8301:Far East
8260:Aral Sea
8183:Southern
8127:Northern
7887:Category
7268:Category
7134:Atlantis
7119:Mythical
7054:Mauritia
7019:Beringia
6904:Cimmeria
6899:Chilenia
6889:Avalonia
6869:Amazonia
6852:Vaalbara
6837:Pannotia
6822:Laurasia
6812:Gondwana
6807:Columbia
6735:Americas
6519:CGP Grey
6460:archived
6447:(1997),
6389:Archived
6367:(1997).
6341:(1996),
6303:Archived
6256:Archived
6166:Archived
6162:BBC News
5949:Archived
5687:Archived
5577:(1961).
5482:cite web
5355:Archived
5259:Archived
5227:(2002).
5186:(1954).
5135:Archived
5109:Archived
5082:Archived
5029:Archived
4998:Archived
4944:ABC-CLIO
4915:Archived
4882:Archived
4852:Archived
4841:Archived
4836:America.
4495:Archived
4378:Archived
4376:. 2023.
4346:Archived
4344:. 2023.
4314:Archived
4312:. 2023.
4304:"Europe"
4282:Archived
4280:. 2023.
4250:Archived
4248:. 2023.
4218:Archived
4216:. 2023.
4186:Archived
4184:. 2023.
4176:"Africa"
4154:Archived
4152:. 2023.
4123:BBC Home
4096:Archived
4073:3 August
4064:Archived
4028:Archived
4007:Archived
3977:Archived
3957:24 March
3951:Archived
3892:Archived
3858:Archived
3845:Archived
3815:Archived
3794:, lemma
3771:Archived
3745:, lemma
3713:(at the
3657:Archived
3634:Archived
3596:Archived
3484:26 April
3478:Archived
3386:26 April
3380:Archived
3339:Archived
3308:Archived
3256:Panama).
3239:Archived
3086:Archived
3007:Archived
2995:Archived
2859:Archived
2763:Archived
2527:See also
2521:Gondwana
2508:Columbia
2437:Gondwana
2350:granitic
2195:Sanskrit
2193:page in
2131:adābhyaḥ
2105:Rig Veda
2079:In 1507
2020:Americas
1837:Bosporus
1757:cratonic
1682:landmass
1485:Pannotia
1477:Columbia
1469:Vaalbara
1410:and the
1136:and the
1006:Suriname
998:Pakistan
611:Comment
608:Sources
532:and the
530:Tasmania
528:between
522:ice ages
459:and the
391:de facto
331:Tasmania
244:and the
186:mainland
145:such as
61:landmass
9080:Oceania
9068:by area
9024:America
9001:Islands
8851:Oceania
8720:Midwest
8675:Central
8642:Romance
8610:Western
8479:Balkans
8474:Eastern
8469:Central
8437:Mashriq
8381:Western
8325:Siberia
8277:Eastern
8255:Central
8188:Western
8161:Central
8137:Mashriq
8132:Maghreb
8122:Saharan
8068:America
8061:Eurasia
7933:regions
7732:Geology
7644:Gravity
7609:Geodesy
7579:Ecology
7395:Climate
7385:Weather
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