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To survive the winter, they are at their maximum weight shortly before entering hibernation. When the groundhog enters hibernation, there is a drop in body temperature to as low as 35 degrees
Fahrenheit (2 °C), heart rate falls to 4–10 beats per minute and breathing rate falls to one breath every six minutes. During hibernation, they experience periods of torpor and arousal. Hibernating woodchucks lose as much as half their body weight by February. They emerge from hibernation with some remaining body fat to live on until the warmer spring weather produces abundant plant materials for food. Males emerge from hibernation before females. Groundhogs are mostly
895:(51–91 cm) below ground surface. It is about 16 inches (41 cm) wide and 14 inches (36 cm) high. There are typically two burrow openings or holes. One is the main entrance, the other a spy hole. Description of the length of the burrow often includes side galleries. Excluding side galleries, Schoonmaker reports the longest was 24 feet (7.3 m), and the average length of eleven dens was 14 feet (4.3 m). W. H. Fisher investigated nine burrows, finding the deepest point 49 inches (120 cm) down. The longest, including side galleries, was 47 ft 11.5 in (14.62 m). Numbers of burrows per individual groundhog decrease with
707:) than when they emerge from hibernation in spring. Adult males average year-around weight 3.83 kg (8 lb 7 oz), with spring to fall average weights of 3.1 to 5.07 kg (6 lb 13 oz to 11 lb 3 oz) while females average 3.53 kg (7 lb 13 oz), with spring to fall averages of 3.08 to 4.8 kg (6 lb 13 oz to 10 lb 9 oz). Seasonal weight changes reflect circannual deposition and use of fat. Groundhogs attain progressively higher weights each year for the first two or three years, after which weight plateaus.
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1252:. A percentage of the woodchuck population is infected with the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), which is similar to human hepatitis B virus. Humans cannot contract hepatitis from woodchucks with WHV, but the virus and its effects on the liver make the woodchuck the best available animal for the study of viral hepatitis in humans. The only other animal model for hepatitis B virus studies is the chimpanzee, an endangered species. Woodchucks are also used in biomedical research investigating
981:. As birth of the young approaches in April or May, the male leaves the den. One litter is produced annually. Female woodchucks give birth to one to nine offspring, with most litters ranging between 3 and 5 pups. Groundhog mothers introduce their young to the wild once their fur is grown in and they can see. At this time, if at all, the father groundhog comes back to the family. By the end of August, the family breaks up; or at least, the larger number scatter, to burrow on their own.
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observation of better habits. Contemporaneous with the ark, the woodchuck has not made any material progress in social science, and it is now too late to reform the wayward sinner. The average age of the woodchuck is too long to please your committee.... The woodchuck is not only a nuisance, but also a bore. It burrows beneath the soil, and then chuckles to see a mowing machine, man and all, slump into one of these holes and disappear....
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724: in) per week. Constant usage wears them down by about that much each week. Unlike the incisors of many other rodents, the incisors of groundhogs are white to ivory-white. Groundhogs are well-adapted for digging, with powerful, short legs and broad, long claws. The groundhog's tail is shorter than that of other sciurids—only about one-fourth of body length.
1065:). Many of these predators are successful stealth stalkers that catch groundhogs by surprise before they can escape to their burrows; badgers likely hunt them by digging them out from their burrows. Coyotes in particular are sizable enough to overpower any groundhog, with the latter being the third most significant prey species per a statewide study in
884:. Groundhog burrows usually have two to five entrances, providing groundhogs their primary means of escape from predators. The volume of earth removed from groundhog burrows in one study averaged 6 cubic feet (0.17 m) per den. The longest burrow measured 24 feet (7.3 m) plus two short side galleries.
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W.J. Schoonmaker reports that groundhogs may hide when they see, smell, or hear an observer. Marmot researcher Ken
Armitage states that the social biology of the groundhog is poorly studied. Despite their heavy-bodied appearance, groundhogs are accomplished swimmers and occasionally climb trees when
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and a woodchuck may die from infestation or from bacteria transmitted by vectors. In areas of intensive agriculture and the dairying regions of the state of
Wisconsin, particularly in southern areas, the woodchuck had been almost extirpated by 1950. Jackson (1961) suggested that exaggerated reports
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and remains at a stable temperature well above freezing during the winter months. In most areas, groundhogs hibernate from
October to March or April, but in more temperate areas, they may hibernate as little as three months. Groundhogs hibernate longer in northern latitudes than southern latitudes.
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Very often, the dens of groundhogs provide homes for other animals, including skunks, red foxes, and cottontail rabbits. Foxes and skunks feed upon field mice, grasshoppers, beetles, and other creatures that destroy farm crops. In aiding these animals, the groundhog indirectly helps the farmer. In
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slows, and while their food intake decreases, their weight increases by as much as 100% as they produce fat deposits to sustain them during hibernation and late winter. Instead of storing food, groundhogs stuff themselves to survive the winter without eating. Thought not to drink water, groundhogs
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The woodchuck, despite its deformities both of mind and body, possesses some of the amenities of a higher civilization. It cleans its face after the manner of the squirrels, and licks its fur after the manner of a cat. Your committee is too wise, however, to be deceived by this purely superficial
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Burrows can pose a serious threat to agricultural and residential development by damaging farm machinery and even undermining building foundations. In a June 7 2009 Humane
Society of the United States article, "How to Humanely Chuck a Woodchuck Out of Your Yard", John Griffin, director of Humane
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has a wide geographic range. The groundhog prefers open country and the edges of woodland, being rarely found far from a burrow entrance. It can typically be found in small woodlots, low-elevation forests, fields and pastures, and hedgerows. It constructs dens in well-drained soil, and most have
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Beyond their large size, groundhogs have several successful anti-predator behaviors, usually retreating to the safety of their burrow which most predators will not attempt to enter, but also being ready to defend themselves with their sharp claws and large incisors. They can also scale trees to
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addition to providing homes for itself and other animals, the groundhog aids in soil improvement by bringing subsoil to the surface. The groundhog is also a valuable game animal and is considered a difficult sport when hunted in a fair manner. In some parts of the U.S., they have been eaten.
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Bachman mentioned that when the young groundhogs are a few months old, they prepare for separation, digging a number of holes in the area of their early home. Some of these holes were only a few feet deep and never occupied but the numerous burrows gave the impression that groundhogs live in
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The burrow is used for safety, retreat in bad weather, hibernating, sleeping, love nest, and nursery. In addition to the nest, there is an excrement chamber. The hibernation or nest chamber is lined with dead leaves and dried grasses. The nest chamber may be about twenty inches to three feet
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and territorial toward conspecifics and may skirmish to establish dominance. Outside their burrow, individuals are alert when not actively feeding. It is common to see one or more nearly motionless individuals standing erect on their hind feet watching for danger. When alarmed, they use a
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wrote that he witnessed only two occasions of upright play-fighting among woodchucks and that the upright posture of play-fighting involves sustained physical contact between individuals that may require a degree of social tolerance virtually unknown in
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extends from early March to mid- or late April, after hibernation. Woodchucks are polygynous but only alpine and woodchuck marmot females have been shown to mate with multiple males. A mated pair remains in the same den throughout the 31- to 32-day
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high-pitched whistle to warn the rest of the colony, hence the name "whistle-pig". Groundhogs may squeal when fighting, seriously injured, or caught by a predator. Other vocalizations include low barks and a sound produced by grinding their teeth.
813:, groundhogs eat primarily wild grasses and other vegetation, including berries, bark, leaves, and agricultural crops, when available. In early spring, dandelion and coltsfoot are important groundhog food items. Some additional foods include
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The committee concludes that "a small bounty will prove of incalculable good; at all events, even as an experiment, it is certainly worth trying; therefore your committee would respectfully recommend that the accompanying bill be passed."
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Abandoned groundhog burrows benefit many other species by providing shelter. They are used by cottontail rabbits, raccoons, foxes, river otters, eastern chipmunks, and a wide variety of small mammals, snakes, and birds.
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escaping predators or when they want to survey their surroundings. They prefer to retreat to their burrows when threatened; if the burrow is invaded, the groundhog tenaciously defends itself with its two large
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Both their diet and their habit of burrowing make groundhogs serious nuisance animals around farms and gardens. They will eat many commonly grown vegetables. Extensive burrowing can undermine foundations.
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In the wild, groundhogs can live up to six years with two or three being average. In captivity, groundhogs reportedly live up to 14 years. Human development, which often produces openings juxtaposed with
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at the site lies, and their burrow digging has brought many objects to the surface: human and animal bones, pottery, and bits of stone. Woodchuck remains were found in the Indian mounds at
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1599:"The effects of red fox scent on winter activity patterns of suburban wildlife: evaluating predator-prey interactions and the importance of groundhog burrows in promoting biodiversity"
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776:. Alternatively, upright play-fighting may be a part of the woodchuck's behavioral repertoire that rarely is shown because of physical spacing and/or low social tolerance.
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833:, red and black raspberries, mulberries, buckwheat, plantain, wild lettuce, all varieties of clover, and alfalfa. Groundhogs also occasionally eat small animals, such as
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were taken annually from 1964 to 1971. Woodchucks had protected status in the state of
Wisconsin until 2017. Woodchuck numbers appear to have decreased in Illinois.
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Wildlife
Services, stated you would have to have a lot of woodchucks working over a lot of years to create tunnel systems that would pose any risk to a structure.
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1288:. Researching the hibernation patterns of groundhogs may lead to benefits for humans, including lowering of the heart rate in complicated surgical procedures.
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trees that are incidentally also favored by groundhogs, often ensures that groundhogs in well-developed areas are nearly free of predators other than
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Male groundhogs are slightly larger than females on average and, like all marmots, they are considerably heavier during autumn (when engaged in
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references several events related to
Groundhog Day, and portrays both Punxsutawney Phil himself, and the annual Groundhog Day ceremony. Famous
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1955:
Chamberlain, Alexander F. (November 22, 2018). "Algonkian Words in
American English: A Study in the Contact of the White Man and the Indian".
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Groundhogs may be raised in captivity, but their aggressive nature can pose problems. Doug
Schwartz, a zookeeper and groundhog trainer at the
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In some areas woodchucks are important game animals and are killed regularly for sport, food, or fur. In Kentucky, an estimated 267,500
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can reportedly, per Bent (1938), prey upon groundhogs, but rarely do so, especially given the temporal differences in their behaviors.
1660:"Functional specialization in the forelimbs of two digging mammals: the American badger (Taxidea taxus) and groundhog (Marmota monax)"
927:, and often build a separate "winter burrow" for this purpose. This burrow is usually in a wooded or brushy area and is dug below the
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1164:, has been quoted as saying "They're known for their aggression, so you're starting from a hard place. His natural impulse is to
700: in). Weights of adult groundhogs typically fall between 2 and 6.3 kg (4 lb 7 oz and 13 lb 14 oz).
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The Virtual Nature Trail at Penn State New Kensington Species Pages Scientific name: Marmota monax Common name: woodchuck.
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A report in 1883 by the New Hampshire Legislative Woodchuck Committee describes the groundhog's objectionable character:
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can also prey on adult groundhogs, but seldom occur in the same range or in the same habitats as this marmot. Likewise,
968:, adult males and females associate with each other throughout the year and often from year to year. Usually groundhogs
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Special feature "The Study of Groundhogs: A Real Life Look at Marmots", Movie "Groundhog Day" 15th Anniversary Edition.
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2018:
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that survive but cannot be returned to the wild may remain with their caregivers and become educational ambassadors.
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3593:"Eavesdropping of woodchucks (Marmota monax) and eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) on heterospecific alarm calls"
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are reported to obtain needed liquids from the juices of food-plants, aided by their sprinkling with rain or dew.
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celebration has given the groundhog recognition and popularity. The most popularly known of these groundhogs are
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Winchester Star, Centerpiece, "Local groundhog predicts 6 more weeks of winter", February 2, 2018, Cathy Kuehner
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Voigt, D. R.; Kolenosky, G. B.; Pimlott, D. H. (1976). "Changes in summer foods of wolves in central Ontario".
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2424:
1701:"Genetic Relatedness and Space Use in a Behaviorally Flexible Species of Marmot, the Woodchuck (Marmota monax)"
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Lehrer, E. W.; Schooley, R. L.; Whittington, J. K. (2012). "Survival and antipredator behavior of woodchucks (
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Effects of urbanization on survival rates, anti-predator behavior, and movements of woodchucks (Marmota monax)
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The Winchester Star, Christopher Early, "Library holds Groundhog Day celebration", p. 1A, February 6, 2017
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Witmer, G. W.; Pipas, M. J.; Hayden, A. (1995). "Some observations on coyote food habits in Pennsylvania".
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of damage done by the woodchuck led to excessive culling, substantially reducing its numbers in the state.
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The groundhog dwells in lowland habitats, unlike other marmots that live in rocky and mountainous areas.
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2689:"Survival and antipredator behavior of woodchucks ( Marmota monax ) along an urban–agricultural gradient"
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Though groundhogs are the most solitary of the marmots, several individuals may occupy the same burrow.
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Progulske, D. R. (1955). "Game animals utilized as food by the bobcat in the southern Appalachians".
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3833:"Groundhog Day is steeped in tradition but isn't the most accurate, according to weather almanacs"
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Zervanos, Stam M.; Maher, Christine R.; Waldvogel, Jerry A.; Florant, Gregory L. (January 2010).
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Ferron, J.; Ouellet, J. P. (1991). "Physical and behavioral postnatal development of woodchucks (
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Penn State News, (January 29, 2009) "Professor studies groundhog hibernation to benefit mankind"
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An adult groundhog can eat more than a pound of vegetation daily. In early June, woodchucks'
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A motionless individual, alert to danger, will whistle when alarmed to warn other groundhogs.
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546:. The name "thickwood badger" was given in the Northwest to distinguish the animal from the
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Journals of the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the State of New Hampshire
2770:"Latitudinal Differences in the Hibernation Characteristics of Woodchucks (Marmota monax )"
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Young groundhogs (usually those less than a couple months in age) may also be taken by the
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1333:'s poem "A Drumlin Woodchuck" uses the imagery of a groundhog dug into a small ridge as a
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Grizzell, Roy A. (April 1955). "A Study of the Southern Woodchuck, Marmota monax monax".
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summer and winter dens. Human activity has increased food access and abundance, allowing
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Encyclopedia of North American Mammals: An Essential Guide to Mammals of North America
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3567:"Habitat, food habits, and productivity of northern goshawks nesting in Connecticut"
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Groundhogs are excellent burrowers, using burrows for sleeping, rearing young, and
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The Eastern Cougar: Historic Accounts, Scientific Investigations, and New Evidence
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Hockman, J. G.; Chapman, J. A. (1983). "Comparative feeding habits of red foxes (
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the Ufferman Site, but the activities of local groundhogs have revealed numerous
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2230:"The somatic chromosomes of the Northeastern American woodchuck, Marmota monax"
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Bent, A. C. (1938). "Life histories of North American birds of prey, Part 2".
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952:. They live in aggregations, and their social organization also varies across
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3752:"Grooming a Weatherman for his TV Debut, and Hoping He Doesn't Bite The Host"
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1168:. You have to work to produce the sweet and cuddly." Groundhogs cared for in
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NIH Guide: BREEDING AND EXPERIMENTAL FACILITY FOR WOODCHUCKS (MARMOTA MONAX)
4003:
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Olendorff, R. R. (1976). "The food habits of North American golden eagles".
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1515:. Vol. 1 (10 ed.). Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. p. 60.
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Close encounter with a photographer at Sheldon Marsh State Nature Preserve,
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3626:"Domestic cats as predators and factors in winter shortages of raptor prey"
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1006:(through various forms of pest control or roadkills) or mid-to-large sized
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in their second year, but a small proportion may breed in their first. The
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can take them up to perhaps weak emergent-adult groundhogs in the Spring.
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can take groundhogs at least of up to the size of yearling juveniles, and
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1771:"A test of the acoustic adaptation hypothesis in four species of marmots"
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419:. A lowland creature of North America, it is found through much of the
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3784:"Sean Kirst: For Dunkirk Dave's caretaker, every day is Groundhog Day"
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Hinterland Who's Who ("Canadian Wildlife Service: Mammals: Woodchuck")
1976:
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Groundhog Day facts and factoids, Cornell Chronicle, February 1, 1996
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Lehrer, E.W.; Schooley, R.L.; Whittington, J.K. (December 14, 2011).
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A Groundhog in northern Ontario, Canada on high alert for predators.
672: in) in total length, including a tail of 9.5 to 18.7 cm (
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Rose, C.; Prange, S. (2015). "Diet of the recovering Ohio bobcat (
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Couser, W.; Sargent, P.; Brownhill, L. E.; Benirschke, K. (1963).
956:. Groundhogs do not form stable, long-term pair-bonds, and during
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The groundhog plays an important role maintaining healthy soil in
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Pustilnik, Jeremy D.; Searle, Jeremy B.; Curtis, Paul D. (2021).
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Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
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where its range may abut that of its somewhat larger cousin, the
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1788:: The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour: 1517–1528.
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3956:"Two Woodchucks, or Frost and Thoreau on the Art of the Burrow"
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41:"Whistle Pig" redirects here. For the whiskey distillery, see
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Wild Mammals of North America, Biology, Management, Economics
1450:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 802.
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443:
3284:
Gipson, P. S. (1974). "Food habits of coyotes in Arkansas".
1904:"Where Do The Terms 'Woodchuck' And 'Flatlander' Come From?"
3435:
2967:"Mating system and paternity in woodchucks (Marmota monax)"
2589:"Woodchucks Are in the Lab, but Their Body Clocks Are Wild"
1370:
1300:
1073:
1007:
965:
923:
Groundhogs are one of the few species that enter into true
573:
2481:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Archived from
2069:"Lyrics and Words for Children's Nursery Rhymes and Songs"
1084:
in the east, but still may hunt groundhogs on occasion in
592:. The similarity between the words has led to the popular
3020:
2729:"Ecology and Management of the Groundhog (Marmota monax)"
2686:
1108:
2410:
3495:
2818:"Professor sheds light on groundhog's shadowy behavior"
2577:
DNR, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Groundhog
1175:
In the United States and Canada, the yearly February 2
3171:"Wisconsin Gov. Walker signs woodchuck hunting bill".
2886:
Professor sheds light on groundhog's shadowy behavior
2442:
1041:
Wild predators of adult groundhogs in most of eastern
2965:
Maher, Christine R.; Duron, Melissa (June 16, 2010).
2174:
Wildlife of Virginia and Maryland and Washington, D.C
1938:
Canadian Wildlife Federation - Faune et flore du pays
1596:
3565:
Becker, T. E.; Smith, D. G.; Bosakowski, T. (2006).
3146:"Wisconsin's endangered and threatened species laws"
2758:. (PDF) dem.ri.gov. Retrieved on September 15, 2011.
1658:
Moore, Alexis Lee; Butcher, Michael (May 18, 2011).
845:, and even bird eggs and baby birds, but are not as
2860:"Marmota monax - Vertebrate Collection | UWSP"
2525:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
1540:"Social organization of woodchucks (Marmota monax)"
3998:. Lawrence, KS: American Society of Mammalogists.
2444:
2412:
1486:. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
873:Groundhog gathering nesting material for its warm
4047:Breeding and Experimental Facility for Woodchucks
3991:
1435:
788:Clover is a preferred food source for groundhogs.
558:name of the woodchuck, which means "digger" (cf.
5575:
3690:"Celebrate Groundhog Day With Groundhog Recipes"
2960:
2958:
2151:
1769:Daniel, Janice C.; Blumstein, Daniel T. (1998).
644:. Adults may measure from 41.8 to 68.5 cm (
30:"Woodchuck" redirects here. For other uses, see
3863:
3358:) with a consideration of two subpopulations".
3053:
1891:. Vol. IV. Doubleday, Doran & Company.
1768:
1037:Groundhogs can climb trees to escape predators.
446:; as such, the species is considered a crucial
3992:Bezuidenhout, A. J.; Evans, Howard E. (2005).
3866:"At Cornell, groundhog is harbinger of health"
3392:
3259:Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science
3077:
3075:
2171:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1415:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42458A22257685.en
610:A woodchuck would chuck all the wood he could
565:). Young groundhogs may be called chucklings.
4066:
3953:
3148:. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
2955:
2845:
2843:
2514:
2196:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
1291:Groundhog burrows have revealed at least two
1199:kept as part of Groundhog Day festivities in
3111:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1784:(6). Department of Systematics and Ecology,
1657:
431:. It was first scientifically described by
3072:
2742:
2438:
2436:
2283:Leon M. Lederman Science Education Center.
1983:
1954:
1436:Thorington, R.W. Jr; Hoffman, R.S. (2005).
1389:
1244:Groundhogs are used in medical research on
1134:
727:
4073:
4059:
3654:
3353:
3107:
3105:
2964:
2905:
2840:
2623:
2511:. Hww.ca. Retrieved on September 15, 2011.
2411:Chapman, J. A.; Feldhammer, G. A. (1982).
2106:
2091:
1527:– via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
1357:, coal miner with her pet groundhog (1946)
762:and front claws. Groundhogs are generally
348:
145:
113:
3608:
3510:
3318:
3112:Barbour, Roger W; Davis, Wayne H (1974).
3025:) along an urban–agricultural gradient".
2982:
2919:
2657:
2655:
2443:Whitaker, John O; Hamilton, W J. (1998).
2245:
2152:Schwartz, C. W.; Schwartz, E. R. (2001).
2120:
1865:
1675:
1413:
1013:Occasionally, woodchucks may suffer from
91:Learn how and when to remove this message
3995:Anatomy of the woodchuck (Marmota monax)
3743:
3591:Aschemeier, L. M.; Maher, C. R. (2011).
3496:Bolgiano, C.; Roberts, J., eds. (2005).
3199:Illinois Department of Natural Resources
3185:
2624:Kwiecinski, Gary G. (December 4, 1998).
2605:Discovery Nature Encyclopedia, Groundhog
2472:
2470:
2468:
2433:
2331:
2289:Fermilab Flora and Fauna Virtual Exhibit
2145:
2107:Kwiecinski, Gary G. (December 4, 1998).
1032:
988:
960:male-female interactions are limited to
914:
868:
791:
783:
748:
623:
5614:Fauna of the Northeastern United States
4241:Cascade golden-mantled ground squirrel
3932:
3930:
3824:
3718:
3102:
2568:Canadian Wildlife Federation, Groundhog
2544:
2542:
2404:
984:
490:Common names for the groundhog include
14:
5576:
3954:Oehlschlaeger, Fritz (December 1982).
3749:
3687:
3681:
3623:
3436:Charles Fergus; Amelia Hansen (2000).
3283:
2849:Woodchucks in Rhode Island, dem.ri.gov
2661:
2652:
2520:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2383:from the original on February 20, 2018
2367:
2365:
2363:
2271:North Carolina Wild, Wildlife Profiles
1512:Systema naturae per regna tria naturae
5258:
5257:
4054:
3906:from the original on December 4, 2018
3830:
3794:from the original on February 3, 2018
3764:from the original on December 5, 2018
3700:from the original on December 6, 2018
2866:from the original on October 13, 2018
2775:Physiological and Biochemical Zoology
2479:"Animal Diversity Web: Marmota monax"
2465:
2167:
2165:
2163:
1914:from the original on January 25, 2021
1886:
1853:from the original on January 22, 2016
1698:
1677:10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.867.12
1537:
1508:
1166:kill 'em all and let God sort 'em out
636:in its geographical range, except in
601:How much wood would a woodchuck chuck
5561:66661434-8194-48C4-849C-B1E5C545348F
3970:from the original on January 1, 2020
3927:
3864:Segelken, Roger (February 1, 1966).
3655:Beer, Amy-Jane; Morris, Pat (2004).
3545:
3539:
2586:
2539:
2523:Marmots: social behavior and ecology
2447:Mammals of the Eastern United States
1901:
1028:
632:The groundhog is by far the largest
67:for improving and merging references
47:
5584:IUCN Red List least concern species
4958:Caucasian mountain ground squirrel
3845:from the original on April 12, 2020
3721:"Report of the Woodchuck Committee"
3688:Castro, Everett J. (January 1984).
3152:from the original on April 26, 2018
3058:. Pensoft Publishers. p. 162.
2884:Penn State news, January 22, 2014,
2497:
2360:
2320:Ohio DNR, ODNR Division of WILDLIFE
2295:from the original on August 9, 2017
1708:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
1544:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
1538:Meier, Paul T. (December 1, 1992).
1490:from the original on March 25, 2018
1429:
1401:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1383:
1319:. They favor the loose soil of the
1219:respectively. The 1993 comedy film
944:Groundhogs are considered the most
24:
5609:Fauna of the Eastern United States
4041:, Missouri Conservation Commission
3985:
3938:Dictionary of Ohio Historic Places
3876:from the original on March 8, 2018
3463:The Journal of Wildlife Management
3321:The Journal of Wildlife Management
3286:The Journal of Wildlife Management
3238:from the original on July 22, 2019
3228:"Badger Biology (Ontario Badgers)"
2828:from the original on June 11, 2021
2668:(Thesis). University of Illinois.
2419:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
2160:
1831:
1519:from the original on March 8, 2021
466:with its young, understanding and
411:, belonging to the group of large
25:
5635:
4216:(golden-mantled ground squirrels)
4171:Espíritu Santo antelope squirrel
4021:
3750:Newman, Andy (December 1, 2007).
3719:Corning, Charles R. (June 1883).
3188:"The Creature That Keeps Digging"
3088:. University of Wisconsin Press.
3011:. (PDF). North Carolina Wildlife.
2476:
1819:from the original on June 2, 2021
1750:from the original on May 10, 2022
1639:from the original on May 10, 2022
1578:from the original on May 10, 2022
628:Groundhog displaying its incisors
538:, and, among French Canadians in
357:Groundhog range in North America
3838:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
3831:Elder, Lane (February 2, 2020).
3116:. University Press of Kentucky.
2008:
1957:The Journal of American Folklore
1902:Keck, Nina (December 17, 2020).
1362:
1346:
613:if a woodchuck could chuck wood!
605:if a woodchuck could chuck wood?
450:. The groundhog is an extremely
170:
52:
5123:Southern Idaho ground squirrel
5087:Northern Idaho ground squirrel
4369:Thirteen-lined ground squirrel
4223:Golden-mantled ground squirrel
4189:White-tailed antelope squirrel
3947:
3918:
3888:
3857:
3815:
3806:
3776:
3712:
3648:
3617:
3584:
3558:
3504:
3489:
3454:
3440:. Stackpole Books. p. 43.
3429:
3386:
3360:The American Midland Naturalist
3347:
3312:
3277:
3250:
3220:
3179:
3164:
3138:
3082:Jackson, Hartley H. T. (1961).
3047:
3014:
2999:
2936:
2899:
2890:
2878:
2852:
2810:
2761:
2721:
2680:
2617:
2608:
2599:
2580:
2571:
2562:
2395:
2325:
2307:
2276:
2262:
2221:
2190:
2176:. Stackpole Books. p. 45.
2156:. University of Missouri Press.
2061:
2027:
1948:
1926:
1895:
1887:Seton, Ernest Thompson (1928).
1327:, Jefferson County, Wisconsin.
939:
4795:Baja California rock squirrel
4198:San Joaquin antelope squirrel
3936:Owen, Lorrie K. (ed.) (1999).
2587:Line, Les (January 29, 1997).
1762:
1692:
1651:
1590:
1531:
1502:
1472:
910:
714:, which grow 1.5 millimetres (
619:
13:
1:
5229:Round-tailed ground squirrel
5150:Richardson's ground squirrel
4232:Sierra Madre ground squirrel
3548:U.S. National Museum Bulletin
3372:10.1674/amid-173-02-305-317.1
3056:The Wild Mammals of Wisconsin
2662:Watson, Elizabeth L. (2010).
1377:
458:and capable of understanding
5604:Rodents of the United States
5168:Long-tailed ground squirrel
5062:(Holarctic ground squirrels)
5025:(Spermophilus xanthoprymnus)
4931:Red-cheeked ground squirrel
4887:(Old World ground squirrels)
4770:Ring-tailed ground squirrel
3201:. p. 20. Archived from
3186:Thornton, Kari (July 2008).
3081:
2906:Kwiecinski, Gary G. (1998).
2451:. Cornell University Press.
2269:"Woodchuck, Marmota monax",
2154:The wild mammals of Missouri
1699:Maher, Christine R. (2009).
1311:. Archaeologists have never
485:
7:
5624:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
5176:Washington ground squirrel
5159:Townsend's ground squirrel
5023:Asia Minor ground squirrel
4859:Père David's rock squirrel
4834:Franklin's ground squirrel
4804:California ground squirrel
4359:Rio Grande ground squirrel
4162:Harris's antelope squirrel
3896:"Marmota monax (woodchuck)"
3513:American Midland Naturalist
3403:American Midland Naturalist
3028:Canadian Journal of Zoology
2694:Canadian Journal of Zoology
2550:"Marmota monax (Woodchuck)"
2373:"Marmota monax (woodchuck)"
2334:American Midland Naturalist
2203:Canadian Journal of Zoology
1940:(in French). Archived from
1849:. Smithsonian Institution.
1235:Dauset Trails Nature Center
744:
10:
5640:
5105:Columbian ground squirrel
5096:Merriam's ground squirrel
5078:Belding's ground squirrel
4967:Tian Shan ground squirrel
4903:Brandt’s ground squirrel (
2749:Woodchucks in Rhode Island
2011:The World of the Woodchuck
2009:Schoonmaker, W.J. (1966).
1647:– via Springer Link.
1625:10.1007/s11252-020-01056-5
1586:– via Springer Link.
1480:"Marmota monax, Woodchuck"
1201:Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania
1103:, and perhaps other small
864:
568:The etymology of the name
40:
36:Woodchuck (disambiguation)
32:Groundhog (disambiguation)
29:
5619:Mammals described in 1758
5517:
5266:
5240:
5188:
5055:
5034:
5005:Speckled ground squirrel
4913:European ground squirrel
4879:
4845:
4824:
4781:
4761:Tropical ground squirrel
4749:
4660:(N. quadrimaculatus)
4528:
4380:
4343:(little ground squirrels)
4336:
4313:
4284:Black-tailed prairie dog
4275:White-tailed prairie dog
4252:
4209:
4148:
4092:
2521:Barash, David P. (1989).
1728:10.1007/s00265-009-0726-5
368:
361:
356:
347:
300:
295:
272:
265:
167:Scientific classification
165:
143:
134:
121:
112:
107:
5220:Spotted ground squirrel
5195:(pygmy ground squirrels)
5114:Wyoming ground squirrel
5016:(Spermophilus taurensis)
4995:Relict ground squirrel (
4976:Pallid ground squirrel (
4922:Daurian ground squirrel
4894:Alashan ground squirrel
4868:Forrest's rock squirrel
4669:(N. quadrivittatus)
4631:Yellow-cheeked chipmunk
4519:(M. vancouverensis)
4517:Vancouver Island marmot
4350:Mexican ground squirrel
4180:Texas antelope squirrel
4081:Living species of tribe
3574:Studies in Avian Biology
3438:Wildlife of Pennsylvania
3399:Urocyon cinereoargenteus
3054:Charles A. Long (2008).
2314:"Woodchuck (Groundhog) -
2247:10.1508/cytologia.28.108
1509:Linné, Carl von (1758).
1135:Relationship with humans
1072:Large predators such as
728:Distribution and habitat
454:animal, forming complex
5211:Perote ground squirrel
5202:Mohave ground squirrel
5141:Arctic ground squirrel
5014:Taurus ground squirrel
5007:(Spermophilus suslicus)
4986:Little ground squirrel
4949:Russet ground squirrel
4940:Yellow ground squirrel
4579:(N. cinereicollis)
4577:Gray-collared chipmunk
4469:Groundhog or woodchuck
4266:Gunnison's prairie dog
4004:10.5962/bhl.title.61270
3610:10.1644/09-MAMM-A-322.1
2984:10.1644/09-MAMM-A-324.1
2948:April 21, 2014, at the
2754:April 12, 2007, at the
2172:Charles Fergus (2003).
1305:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
1282:cerebrovascular disease
1191:, Jimmy the Groundhog,
1170:wildlife rehabilitation
779:
588:) name for the animal,
478:to solve tasks such as
5231:(X. tereticaudus)
5152:(U. richardsonii)
5132:Piute ground squirrel
5069:Uinta ground squirrel
4933:(S. erythrogenys)
4852:(Asian rock squirrels)
4797:(O. atricapillus)
4651:(N. panamintinus)
4501:(M. flaviventris)
4499:Yellow-bellied marmot
4426:(M. camtschatica)
3624:George, W. G. (1974).
3232:www.ontariobadgers.org
3195:OutdoorIllinois Online
1847:North American Mammals
1794:10.1006/anbe.1998.0929
1484:North American Mammals
1444:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
1408:: e.T42458A115189992.
1278:cardiovascular disease
1231:General Beauregard Lee
1209:Sun Prairie, Wisconsin
1154:
1038:
994:
920:
877:
806:
805:Eating wild vegetation
789:
754:
629:
5502:Paleobiology Database
5178:(U. washingtoni)
5107:(U. columbianus)
4896:(S. alashanicus)
4568:Gray-footed chipmunk
4550:Yellow-pine chipmunk
4371:(I. tridecemlineatus)
4039:Woodchuck (Groundhog)
3659:. Thunder Bay Press.
2952:, Illinois University
1934:"La marmotte commune"
1889:Lives of Game Animals
1390:Cassola, F. (2017) .
1299:in the U.S. state of
1149:
1036:
992:
918:
872:
804:
787:
752:
710:Groundhogs have four
627:
421:Eastern United States
399:), also known as the
381:(Linnaeus, 1758)
5213:(X. perotensis)
5204:(X. mohavensis)
5161:(U. townsendii)
4969:(S. nilkaensis)
4861:(S. davidianus)
4836:(P. franklinii)
4815:(O. variegatus)
4732:(N. townsendii)
4730:Townsend's chipmunk
4678:(N. ruficaudus)
4676:Red-tailed chipmunk
4658:Long-eared chipmunk
4633:(N. ochrogenys)
4622:California chipmunk
4444:(M. himalayana)
4424:Black-capped marmot
4293:Mexican prairie dog
4155:(antelope squirrels)
4033:Hinterland Who's Who
3900:Animal Diversity Web
3790:. February 1, 2018.
3597:Journal of Mammalogy
3208:on December 27, 2021
3175:. November 13, 2017.
3085:Mammals of Wisconsin
2971:Journal of Mammalogy
2824:. January 23, 2014.
2555:Animal Diversity Web
2377:Animal Diversity Web
1786:University of Kansas
1293:archaeological sites
985:Health and mortality
5222:(X. spilosoma)
5170:(U. undulatus)
5125:(U. endemicus)
4772:(N. annulatus)
4723:(N. speciosus)
4721:Lodgepole chipmunk
4604:Merriam's chipmunk
4535:(western chipmunks)
4462:(M. menzbieri)
4433:Long-tailed marmot
4399:(M. baibacina)
4327:(E. sibiricus)
4295:(C. mexicanus)
4243:(C. saturatus)
4234:(C. madrensis)
4225:(C. lateralis)
4182:(A. interpres)
4173:(A. insularis)
3944:: Somerset, p. 328.
3630:The Wilson Bulletin
3114:Mammals of Kentucky
2049:on February 3, 2015
2043:animaldiversity.com
2013:. J.B. Lippincott.
1720:2009BEcoS..63..857M
1617:2021UrbEc..24..529P
1556:1992BEcoS..31..393M
1229:groundhogs include
1197:Staten Island Chuck
1113:timber rattlesnakes
919:Two baby groundhogs
580:. It stems from an
374:Linnaeus, 1758
137:Conservation status
5089:(U. brunneus)
5080:(U. beldingi)
5046:(T. striatus)
4988:(S. pygmaeus)
4924:(S. dauricus)
4915:(S. citellus)
4870:(S. forresti)
4806:(O. beecheyi)
4763:(N. adocetus)
4741:(N. umbrinus)
4705:(N. siskiyou)
4703:Siskiyou chipmunk
4667:Colorado chipmunk
4649:Panamint chipmunk
4640:Palmer's chipmunk
4624:(N. obscurus)
4606:(N. merriami)
4597:(N. durangae)
4588:(N. dorsalis)
4559:Buller's chipmunk
4492:(M. caligata)
4480:(M. sibirica)
4460:Menzbier's marmot
4325:Siberian chipmunk
4277:(C. leucurus)
4191:(A. leucurus)
4164:(A. harrisii)
4085:(ground squirrels)
3757:The New York Times
3500:. Stackpole Books.
3397:) and gray foxes (
2593:The New York Times
2477:Light, Jessica E.
1944:on August 5, 2018.
1564:10.1007/BF00170606
1438:"Family Sciuridae"
1355:Lejunior, Kentucky
1337:for his emotional
1286:neoplastic disease
1254:metabolic function
1039:
995:
921:
878:
807:
790:
755:
705:autumn hyperphagia
630:
71:You can assist by
5599:Rodents of Canada
5571:
5570:
5489:Open Tree of Life
5260:Taxon identifiers
5251:
5250:
5143:(U. parryii)
5116:(U. elegans)
5071:(U. armatus)
5044:Eastern chipmunk
4714:(N. sonomae)
4694:Allen's chipmunk
4642:(N. palmeri)
4615:(N. minimus)
4595:Durango chipmunk
4570:(N. canipes)
4561:(N. bulleri)
4552:(N. amoenus)
4543:(N. alpinus)
4510:(M. olympus)
4453:(M. marmota)
4442:Himalayan marmot
4435:(M. caudata)
4417:(M. broweri)
4302:Utah prairie dog
4286:(C. ludovicianus)
4212:Callospermophilus
4200:(A. nelsoni)
4086:
3694:Mother Earth News
3666:978-1-59223-191-1
2912:Mammalian Species
2630:Mammalian Species
2532:978-0-8047-1534-8
2113:Mammalian Species
1664:The FASEB Journal
1457:978-0-8018-8221-0
1213:Dunkirk, New York
1181:Punxsutawney Phil
1162:Staten Island Zoo
1131:escape a threat.
1125:northern goshawks
1094:great horned owls
1029:Natural predators
802:
387:
386:
341:
330:
319:
308:
160:
101:
100:
93:
27:Species of rodent
16:(Redirected from
5631:
5564:
5563:
5551:
5550:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5510:
5509:
5497:
5496:
5484:
5483:
5471:
5470:
5458:
5457:
5445:
5444:
5432:
5431:
5419:
5418:
5406:
5405:
5393:
5392:
5380:
5379:
5367:
5366:
5354:
5353:
5341:
5340:
5328:
5327:
5315:
5314:
5302:
5301:
5300:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5255:
5254:
5191:Xerospermophilus
5134:(U. mollis)
4942:(S. fulvus)
4788:(rock squirrels)
4712:Sonoma chipmunk
4541:Alpine chipmunk
4478:Tarbagan marmot
4151:Ammospermophilus
4084:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4052:
4051:
4017:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3951:
3945:
3942:St. Clair Shores
3934:
3925:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3870:CornellChronicle
3861:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3828:
3822:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3788:The Buffalo News
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3571:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3401:) in Maryland".
3390:
3384:
3383:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3207:
3192:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3109:
3100:
3099:
3079:
3070:
3069:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3018:
3012:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2986:
2962:
2953:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2923:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2765:
2759:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2659:
2650:
2649:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2546:
2537:
2536:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2474:
2463:
2462:
2450:
2440:
2431:
2430:
2418:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2369:
2358:
2357:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2249:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2209:(4): 1040–1047.
2194:
2188:
2187:
2169:
2158:
2157:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2124:
2104:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2079:on July 26, 2011
2075:. Archived from
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2045:. Archived from
2031:
2025:
2024:
2006:
1981:
1980:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1884:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1778:Animal Behaviour
1775:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1705:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1679:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1604:Urban Ecosystems
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1417:
1387:
1366:
1350:
1266:endocrine system
1239:Atlanta, Georgia
1205:Wiarton, Ontario
1189:Shubenacadie Sam
1121:Red-tailed hawks
979:gestation period
803:
723:
722:
718:
699:
698:
694:
691:
685:
684:
680:
677:
671:
670:
666:
663:
657:
656:
652:
649:
638:British Columbia
576:or any sense of
572:is unrelated to
512:thickwood badger
470:threats through
448:habitat engineer
413:ground squirrels
382:
375:
352:
336:
325:
314:
312:M. m. canadensis
306:
278:
175:
174:
154:
149:
148:
124:Laval University
117:
105:
104:
96:
89:
85:
82:
76:
56:
55:
48:
21:
5639:
5638:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5567:
5559:
5554:
5546:
5541:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5513:
5505:
5500:
5492:
5487:
5479:
5476:Observation.org
5474:
5466:
5461:
5453:
5448:
5440:
5435:
5427:
5422:
5414:
5409:
5401:
5396:
5388:
5383:
5375:
5370:
5362:
5357:
5349:
5344:
5336:
5331:
5323:
5318:
5310:
5305:
5296:
5295:
5290:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5262:
5252:
5247:
5236:
5194:
5184:
5098:(U. canus)
5061:
5051:
5030:
4978:S. pallidicauda
4951:(S. major)
4886:
4875:
4851:
4841:
4820:
4787:
4784:Otospermophilus
4777:
4745:
4739:Uinta chipmunk
4696:(N. senex)
4687:(N. rufus)
4613:Least chipmunk
4586:Cliff chipmunk
4534:
4524:
4508:Olympic marmot
4483:
4471:(M. monax)
4408:(M. bobak)
4386:
4376:
4342:
4332:
4309:
4258:
4248:
4215:
4205:
4154:
4144:
4088:
4079:
4024:
4014:
3988:
3986:Further reading
3983:
3973:
3971:
3960:Colby Quarterly
3952:
3948:
3935:
3928:
3923:
3919:
3909:
3907:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3879:
3877:
3862:
3858:
3848:
3846:
3829:
3825:
3820:
3816:
3811:
3807:
3797:
3795:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3767:
3765:
3748:
3744:
3734:
3732:
3717:
3713:
3703:
3701:
3686:
3682:
3667:
3653:
3649:
3622:
3618:
3589:
3585:
3569:
3563:
3559:
3544:
3540:
3525:10.2307/2424254
3509:
3505:
3494:
3490:
3475:10.2307/3800561
3459:
3455:
3448:
3434:
3430:
3415:10.2307/2425269
3391:
3387:
3352:
3348:
3333:10.2307/3796859
3317:
3313:
3298:10.2307/3800055
3282:
3278:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3190:
3184:
3180:
3173:Chicago Tribune
3170:
3169:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3124:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3052:
3048:
3041:10.1139/z11-107
3019:
3015:
3004:
3000:
2963:
2956:
2950:Wayback Machine
2941:
2937:
2921:10.2307/3504364
2908:"Marmota monax"
2904:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2841:
2831:
2829:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2766:
2762:
2756:Wayback Machine
2747:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2707:10.1139/z11-107
2685:
2681:
2660:
2653:
2638:10.2307/3504364
2626:"Marmota monax"
2622:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2519:
2515:
2507:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2485:on May 18, 2011
2475:
2466:
2459:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2371:
2370:
2361:
2346:10.2307/2422068
2330:
2326:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2281:
2277:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2226:
2222:
2215:10.1139/z91-149
2195:
2191:
2184:
2170:
2161:
2150:
2146:
2122:10.2307/3504364
2109:"Marmota monax"
2105:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2007:
1984:
1963:(59): 240–267.
1953:
1949:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1900:
1896:
1885:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1773:
1767:
1763:
1753:
1751:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1656:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1579:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1507:
1503:
1493:
1491:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1458:
1434:
1430:
1420:
1418:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1367:
1358:
1351:
1137:
1031:
987:
974:breeding season
942:
913:
867:
792:
782:
769:David P. Barash
747:
730:
720:
716:
715:
696:
692:
689:
687:
682:
678:
675:
673:
668:
664:
661:
659:
654:
650:
647:
645:
622:
488:
460:social behavior
456:social networks
380:
376:
373:
334:M. m. rufescens
291:
280:
274:
261:
169:
161:
150:
146:
139:
97:
86:
80:
77:
70:
57:
53:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5637:
5627:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5565:
5552:
5539:
5523:
5521:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5511:
5498:
5485:
5472:
5459:
5446:
5433:
5420:
5407:
5394:
5381:
5368:
5355:
5342:
5329:
5316:
5303:
5288:
5272:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5249:
5248:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5226:
5217:
5208:
5198:
5196:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5173:
5165:
5156:
5147:
5138:
5129:
5120:
5111:
5102:
5093:
5084:
5075:
5065:
5063:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5040:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5020:
5011:
5002:
4992:
4983:
4973:
4964:
4955:
4946:
4937:
4928:
4919:
4910:
4900:
4890:
4888:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4865:
4855:
4853:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4830:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4813:Rock squirrel
4810:
4801:
4791:
4789:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4767:
4757:
4755:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4736:
4727:
4718:
4709:
4700:
4691:
4685:Hopi chipmunk
4682:
4673:
4664:
4655:
4646:
4637:
4628:
4619:
4610:
4601:
4592:
4583:
4574:
4565:
4556:
4547:
4538:
4536:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4514:
4505:
4496:
4475:
4466:
4457:
4451:Alpine marmot
4448:
4439:
4430:
4421:
4415:Alaska marmot
4412:
4390:
4388:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4366:
4356:
4352:(I. mexicanus)
4346:
4344:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4321:
4319:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4304:(C. parvidens)
4299:
4290:
4281:
4272:
4268:(C. gunnisoni)
4262:
4260:
4259:(prairie dogs)
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4238:
4229:
4219:
4217:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4195:
4186:
4177:
4168:
4158:
4156:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4136:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4078:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4042:
4036:
4023:
4022:External links
4020:
4019:
4018:
4012:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3966:(4): 214–219.
3946:
3926:
3917:
3887:
3856:
3823:
3814:
3805:
3775:
3742:
3711:
3680:
3665:
3647:
3636:(4): 384–396.
3616:
3603:(3): 493–499.
3583:
3557:
3538:
3519:(1): 231–236.
3503:
3488:
3469:(4): 663–668.
3453:
3447:978-0811728997
3446:
3428:
3409:(2): 276–285.
3385:
3366:(2): 305–318.
3346:
3327:(2): 249–253.
3311:
3292:(4): 848–853.
3276:
3249:
3219:
3178:
3163:
3137:
3122:
3101:
3094:
3071:
3065:978-9546423139
3064:
3046:
3013:
2998:
2977:(3): 628–635.
2954:
2935:
2898:
2889:
2877:
2851:
2839:
2809:
2788:10.1086/648736
2782:(1): 135–141.
2760:
2741:
2720:
2679:
2651:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2538:
2531:
2513:
2496:
2464:
2457:
2432:
2425:
2403:
2394:
2359:
2340:(2): 257–293.
2324:
2306:
2275:
2261:
2240:(1): 108–111.
2220:
2189:
2183:978-0811728218
2182:
2159:
2144:
2090:
2060:
2026:
2020:978-1135544836
2019:
1982:
1969:10.2307/533199
1947:
1925:
1894:
1864:
1830:
1761:
1714:(6): 857–868.
1691:
1670:(S1): 867.12.
1650:
1611:(3): 529–547.
1589:
1550:(6): 393–400.
1530:
1501:
1471:
1456:
1428:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1368:
1361:
1359:
1353:Daughter of a
1352:
1345:
1262:energy balance
1185:Wiarton Willie
1136:
1133:
1078:eastern cougar
1030:
1027:
986:
983:
950:marmot species
941:
938:
912:
909:
866:
863:
849:as many other
781:
778:
746:
743:
729:
726:
621:
618:
617:
616:
615:
614:
608:
607:
606:
594:tongue-twister
548:prairie badger
540:eastern Canada
487:
484:
474:, and working
407:of the family
385:
384:
378:Arctomys monax
366:
365:
359:
358:
354:
353:
345:
344:
343:
342:
331:
320:
309:
307:Linnaeus, 1758
298:
297:
293:
292:
281:
270:
269:
263:
262:
255:
253:
249:
248:
241:
237:
236:
231:
227:
226:
221:
217:
216:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
163:
162:
144:
141:
140:
135:
132:
131:
119:
118:
110:
109:
99:
98:
60:
58:
51:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5636:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5562:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5544:
5540:
5535:
5529:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5516:
5508:
5503:
5499:
5495:
5490:
5486:
5482:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5312:Marmota_monax
5308:
5304:
5299:
5298:Marmota monax
5293:
5289:
5284:
5278:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5269:
5268:Marmota monax
5265:
5261:
5256:
5246:
5245:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5193:
5192:
5187:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5060:
5059:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5027:
5026:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4905:S. brevicauda
4901:
4898:
4897:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4884:sensu stricto
4883:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4826:Poliocitellus
4823:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4785:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4490:Hoary marmot
4487:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4406:Bobak marmot
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4394:
4389:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4361:(I. parvidens
4357:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4123:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4087:
4076:
4071:
4069:
4064:
4062:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4015:
4013:9781891276439
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3931:
3921:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3891:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3860:
3844:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3827:
3818:
3809:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3779:
3763:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3746:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3715:
3704:September 14,
3699:
3695:
3691:
3684:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3658:
3651:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3587:
3579:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3553:
3549:
3542:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3507:
3499:
3492:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3457:
3449:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3395:Vulpes vulpes
3389:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3350:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3315:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3280:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3253:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3174:
3167:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3115:
3108:
3106:
3097:
3095:9780299021504
3091:
3087:
3086:
3078:
3076:
3067:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3023:Marmota monax
3017:
3010:
3009:
3008:Marmota monax
3002:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2959:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2939:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2902:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2846:
2844:
2827:
2823:
2822:berks.psu.edu
2819:
2813:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2745:
2730:
2724:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2683:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2658:
2656:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2594:
2590:
2583:
2574:
2565:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2534:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2460:
2458:0-8014-3475-0
2454:
2449:
2448:
2439:
2437:
2428:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2407:
2398:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2317:
2316:Marmota monax
2310:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2199:Marmota monax
2193:
2185:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2155:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2083:September 15,
2078:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2038:
2037:Marmota monax
2030:
2022:
2016:
2012:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1890:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1841:Marmota monax
1834:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1654:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1593:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1534:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1394:Marmota monax
1386:
1382:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1297:Ufferman Site
1294:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1222:Groundhog Day
1218:
1217:Staten Island
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:Groundhog Day
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:American mink
1097:
1095:
1091:
1090:Golden eagles
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1043:North America
1035:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:second growth
991:
982:
980:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
958:mating season
955:
951:
947:
937:
935:
930:
926:
917:
908:
904:
903:communities.
900:
898:
892:
888:
885:
883:
876:
871:
862:
859:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
819:timothy-grass
816:
812:
786:
777:
775:
770:
765:
761:
751:
742:
740:
735:
734:Marmota monax
725:
713:
708:
706:
701:
643:
639:
635:
626:
612:
611:
609:
604:
603:
602:
599:
598:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
566:
564:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
516:Canada marmot
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
483:
481:
477:
476:cooperatively
473:
469:
468:communicating
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
433:Carl Linnaeus
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
397:
396:Marmota monax
392:
383:
379:
372:
367:
364:
360:
355:
351:
346:
339:
335:
332:
328:
324:
321:
317:
313:
310:
305:
302:
301:
299:
294:
289:
285:
279:
277:
276:Marmota monax
271:
268:
267:Binomial name
264:
260:
259:
258:M. monax
254:
251:
250:
247:
246:
242:
239:
238:
235:
232:
229:
228:
225:
222:
219:
218:
215:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
173:
168:
164:
158:
153:
152:Least Concern
142:
138:
133:
129:
125:
122:Groundhog at
120:
116:
111:
106:
103:
95:
92:
84:
74:
68:
66:
61:This article
59:
50:
49:
44:
37:
33:
19:
5518:
5267:
5242:
5230:
5221:
5212:
5203:
5189:
5177:
5169:
5160:
5151:
5142:
5133:
5124:
5115:
5106:
5097:
5088:
5079:
5070:
5056:
5045:
5035:
5024:
5015:
5006:
4996:
4987:
4977:
4968:
4960:(S. musicus)
4959:
4950:
4941:
4932:
4923:
4914:
4904:
4895:
4882:Spermophilus
4880:
4869:
4860:
4848:Sciurotamias
4846:
4835:
4825:
4814:
4805:
4796:
4782:
4771:
4762:
4752:Notocitellus
4750:
4740:
4731:
4722:
4713:
4704:
4695:
4686:
4677:
4668:
4659:
4650:
4641:
4632:
4623:
4614:
4605:
4596:
4587:
4578:
4569:
4560:
4551:
4542:
4529:
4518:
4509:
4500:
4491:
4486:Petromarmota
4485:
4479:
4470:
4468:
4461:
4452:
4443:
4434:
4425:
4416:
4407:
4398:
4397:Gray marmot
4392:
4381:
4370:
4360:
4351:
4337:
4326:
4314:
4303:
4294:
4285:
4276:
4267:
4253:
4242:
4233:
4224:
4210:
4199:
4190:
4181:
4172:
4163:
4149:
4126:Sciuromorpha
4031:
3994:
3972:. Retrieved
3963:
3959:
3949:
3937:
3920:
3910:February 20,
3908:. Retrieved
3899:
3890:
3880:February 20,
3878:. Retrieved
3869:
3859:
3847:. Retrieved
3836:
3826:
3817:
3808:
3798:February 20,
3796:. Retrieved
3787:
3778:
3768:February 22,
3766:. Retrieved
3755:
3745:
3733:. Retrieved
3728:
3724:
3714:
3702:. Retrieved
3693:
3683:
3656:
3650:
3633:
3629:
3619:
3600:
3596:
3586:
3577:
3573:
3560:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3497:
3491:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3437:
3431:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3265:(2): 77–80.
3262:
3258:
3252:
3240:. Retrieved
3231:
3222:
3210:. Retrieved
3203:the original
3194:
3181:
3172:
3166:
3154:. Retrieved
3140:
3113:
3084:
3055:
3049:
3035:(1): 12–21.
3032:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3007:
3001:
2974:
2970:
2938:
2914:(591): 1–8.
2911:
2901:
2892:
2885:
2880:
2868:. Retrieved
2854:
2830:. Retrieved
2821:
2812:
2779:
2773:
2763:
2744:
2732:. Retrieved
2723:
2701:(1): 12–21.
2698:
2692:
2682:
2664:
2632:(591): 1–8.
2629:
2619:
2610:
2601:
2592:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2553:
2522:
2516:
2487:. Retrieved
2483:the original
2446:
2414:
2406:
2397:
2387:February 20,
2385:. Retrieved
2376:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2299:February 13,
2297:. Retrieved
2288:
2278:
2270:
2264:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2173:
2153:
2147:
2115:(591): 1–8.
2112:
2081:. Retrieved
2077:the original
2073:BusSongs.com
2072:
2063:
2053:February 24,
2051:. Retrieved
2047:the original
2042:
2039:: Woodchuck"
2036:
2029:
2010:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1942:the original
1937:
1928:
1916:. Retrieved
1907:
1897:
1888:
1855:. Retrieved
1846:
1840:
1833:
1821:. Retrieved
1781:
1777:
1764:
1752:. Retrieved
1711:
1707:
1694:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1641:. Retrieved
1608:
1602:
1592:
1580:. Retrieved
1547:
1543:
1533:
1521:. Retrieved
1511:
1504:
1494:February 20,
1492:. Retrieved
1483:
1474:
1446:
1442:Wilson, D.E.
1431:
1421:February 19,
1419:. Retrieved
1405:
1399:
1393:
1385:
1331:Robert Frost
1329:
1309:Pennsylvania
1290:
1270:reproduction
1250:liver cancer
1243:
1220:
1193:Dunkirk Dave
1174:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1129:
1098:
1071:
1067:Pennsylvania
1040:
1022:
1020:
1012:
996:
943:
940:Reproduction
922:
905:
901:
897:urbanization
893:
889:
886:
879:
855:
839:grasshoppers
815:sheep sorrel
808:
773:
756:
738:
733:
731:
709:
702:
642:hoary marmot
631:
589:
586:Narragansett
569:
567:
562:
551:
543:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
489:
437:
400:
395:
394:
390:
388:
377:
370:
369:
338:A. H. Howell
333:
323:M. m. ignava
322:
311:
303:
275:
273:
257:
256:
244:
102:
87:
78:
65:copy editing
63:may require
62:
5450:NatureServe
5372:iNaturalist
5292:Wikispecies
5058:Urocitellus
4997:S. relictus
4138:Subfamily:
3731:: 1193–1197
3212:January 27,
3006:Woodchuck.
2870:October 13,
2285:"Woodchuck"
1918:February 2,
1908:www.vpr.org
1857:February 1,
1523:January 29,
1246:hepatitis B
1233:, based at
1080:are likely
954:populations
925:hibernation
911:Hibernation
882:hibernating
811:herbivorous
741:to thrive.
620:Description
536:land beaver
452:intelligent
304:M. m. monax
296:Subspecies
81:August 2024
5589:Groundhogs
5578:Categories
4124:Suborder:
4083:Marmotini
3940:. Vol. 1.
3580:: 119–125.
3554:: 295–357.
3356:Lynx rufus
3123:0813113148
2674:2142/14642
2426:0801823536
1378:References
1082:extirpated
1015:parasitism
962:copulation
929:frost line
858:metabolism
847:omnivorous
827:persicaria
584:(possibly
582:Algonquian
556:Algonquian
504:whistlepig
496:wood-shock
462:, forming
108:Groundhog
73:editing it
43:WhistlePig
5534:Q19773196
5519:Mus monax
4531:Neotamias
4484:Subgenus
4391:Subgenus
4387:(marmots)
4339:Ictidomys
4133:Sciuridae
4096:Kingdom:
4028:Woodchuck
3849:April 11,
3156:April 25,
2943:Woodchuck
2796:1522-2152
2734:August 7,
2715:0008-4301
2234:Cytologia
2139:253945560
1633:224867974
1339:reticence
1317:artifacts
1313:excavated
1274:neurology
1248:-induced
1105:mustelids
1074:gray wolf
1061:(largely
851:Sciuridae
823:buttercup
764:agonistic
570:woodchuck
563:monachgeu
550:. Monax (
500:groundpig
486:Etymology
480:burrowing
472:whistling
440:woodlands
435:in 1758.
427:and into
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409:Sciuridae
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391:groundhog
371:Mus monax
252:Species:
234:Sciuridae
190:Kingdom:
184:Eukaryota
130:, Canada
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5528:Wikidata
5455:2.106510
5442:12400961
5390:10199289
5277:Wikidata
5244:Category
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4131:Family:
4119:Rodentia
4112:Mammalia
4105:Chordata
4103:Phylum:
4098:Animalia
3974:April 1,
3968:Archived
3904:Archived
3874:Archived
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3792:Archived
3762:Archived
3698:Archived
3675:9406434M
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3271:44149042
3242:July 22,
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3150:Archived
3132:5047309M
2993:56472630
2946:Archived
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2832:June 11,
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1335:metaphor
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760:incisors
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712:incisors
578:chucking
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532:red monk
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180:Domain:
157:IUCN 3.1
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