Knowledge

Gender equality

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7663:. "Finland is repeatedly reminded of its widespread problem of violence against women and recommended to take more efficient measures to deal with the situation. International criticism concentrates on the lack of measures to combat violence against women in general and in particular on the lack of a national action plan to combat such violence and on the lack of legislation on domestic violence. (...) Compared to Sweden, Finland has been slower to reform legislation on violence against women. In Sweden, domestic violence was already illegal in 1864, while in Finland such violence was not outlawed until 1970, over a hundred years later. In Sweden the punishment of victims of incest was abolished in 1937 but not until 1971 in Finland. Rape within marriage was criminalised in Sweden in 1962, but the equivalent Finnish legislation only came into force in 1994 — making Finland one of the last European countries to criminalise marital rape. In addition, assaults taking place on private property did not become impeachable offences in Finland until 1995. Only in 1997 did victims of sexual offences and domestic violence in Finland become entitled to government-funded counselling and support services for the duration of their court cases." 6931:, when such use or portrayal aims at increasing the appeal of media or a product, to the detriment of, or without regard to, the interests of the women portrayed, or women in general. Concerns include the fact that all forms of media have the power to shape the population's perceptions and portray images of unrealistic stereotypical perceptions by portraying women either as submissive housewives or as sex objects. The media emphasizes traditional domestic or sexual roles that normalize violence against women. The vast array of studies that have been conducted on the issue of the portrayal of women in the media have shown that women are often portrayed as irrational, fragile, not intelligent, submissive and subservient to men. Research has shown that stereotyped images such as these have been shown to negatively impact on the mental health of many female viewers who feel bound by these roles, causing amongst other problems, self-esteem issues, depression and anxiety. 6125: 6580: 6165: 5023: 6629: 5349: 10266: 10248: 10226: 4894: 5956:. The fine is so-called "social maintenance fee" and it is the punishment for the families who have more than one child. According to the policy, the families who violate the law may bring the burden to the whole sociey. Therefore, the social maintenance fee will be used for the operation of the basic government. Some governments have sought to prevent certain ethnic or social groups from reproduction. Such policies were carried out against ethnic minorities in Europe and North America in the 20th century, and more recently in Latin America against the Indigenous population in the 1990s; in 5889: 8017:"Violations of women's human rights are often linked to their sexuality and reproductive role. Women are frequently treated as property, they are sold into marriage, into trafficking, into sexual slavery. Violence against women frequently takes the form of sexual violence. Victims of such violence are often accused of promiscuity and held responsible for their fate, while infertile women are rejected by husbands, families, and communities. In many countries, married women may not refuse to have sexual relations with their husbands, and often have no say in whether they use contraception." 6565:, extreme exclusion still characterizes some countries, and pockets of exclusion remain in others. In Afghanistan, where girls have been banned again from secondary schools, there had been rapid progress in completion rates. For example, girls' primary completion increased from 8% in 2000 to 56% in 2020, although the gender gap remained at 20 percentage points. In some provinces, such as Uruzgan, just 1% of girls completed primary in 2015. A 20 percentage point gender gap in access to upper secondary education is also observed in sub-Saharan African countries, including Chad and Guinea. 5450: 6213:(also called bridewealth or bride token) is money, property, or other form of wealth paid by a groom or his family to the parents of the bride. This custom often leads to women having reduced ability to control their fertility. For instance, in northern Ghana, the payment of bride price signifies a woman's requirement to bear children, and women using birth control face threats, violence and reprisals. The custom of bride price has been criticized as contributing to the mistreatment of women in marriage, and preventing them from leaving abusive marriages. 5379: 7692:"Mainstreaming a gender perspective is the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women's as well as men's concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated. The ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality." 5049: 6250: 5796: 4513: 5804: 53: 6025: 6458: 2133: 6863: 6885:
to take on the role of a mother and take on primary responsibility for household needs. Their male counterparts are seen as being "assertive" or "ambitious" as men are usually seen in the workplace or as the primary breadwinner for his family. Due to these views and expectations, women often face discrimination in the public sphere, such as the workplace. Women are stereotyped to be less productive at work because they are believed to focus more on family when they get married or have children. A
5301: 7094: 4496: 6986:(WAN-IFRA), which represents more than 18,000 publications, 15,000 online sites and more than 3,000 companies in more than 120 countries, leads the Women in the News (WIN) campaign together with UNESCO as part of their Gender and Media Freedom Strategy. In their 2016 handbook, WINing Strategies: Creating Stronger Media Organizations by Increasing Gender Diversity, they highlight a range of positive action strategies undertaken by a number of their member organizations from 6280: 5468: 5081:
of male domination, and only aim to improve the situation of women within the societal framework of subordination of women to men, and that official public policies (such as state policies or international bodies policies) are questionable, as they are applied in a patriarchal context, and are directly or indirectly controlled by agents of a system which is for the most part male. One of the criticisms of the gender equality policies, in particular, those of the
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woman from the condition of vassalage to which all other religious systems (more or less) consign her, and to secure to her those just and equal rights with man that, by her similarity to him in organization and faculties, both God and nature would seem to demand". Evans and his counterpart, Eldress Antoinette Doolittle, joined women's rights advocates on speakers' platforms throughout the northeastern U.S. in the 1870s. A visitor to the Shakers wrote in 1875:
4272: 20009: 19508: 4479: 2671: 6847:(HDP), from 2006 or before. The mayorships of 2 metropolitan areas and 97 towns are led jointly by a man and a woman, both called co-mayors. Party offices are also led by a man and a woman. Local councils were formed, which also had to be co-presided over by a man and a woman together. However, in November 2016 the Turkish government cracked down on the HDP, jailing ten of its members of Parliament, including the party's male and female co-leaders. 5442: 4998:. The United Nation's Millennium Development Goals Report states that their goal is to "achieve gender equality and the empowerment of women". Despite economic struggles in developing countries, the United Nations is still trying to promote gender equality, as well as help create a sustainable living environment is all its nations. Their goals also include giving women who work certain full-time jobs equal pay to the men with the same job. 7909:"There are many examples from past practice in Council of Europe member states that show that exceptions to the prosecution of such cases were made, either in law or in practice, if victim and perpetrator were, for example, married to each other or had been in a relationship. The most prominent example is rape within marriage, which for a long time had not been recognised as rape because of the relationship between victim and perpetrator." 19496: 7146: 2071: 5007: 6013: 19518: 7008:
recent date. This lack of knowledge enables to abusers to lead the victims (explicitly or implicitly) to believe that their abuse is within their rights. This may apply to a wide range of abuses, ranging from domestic violence to employment discrimination. The United Nations Development Programme states that, in order to advance gender justice, "Women must know their rights and be able to access legal systems".
5125:, due to their reminder of past colonialism, and also due to the fact that some Western countries, such as Switzerland, have been themselves been very slow to give women legal rights. There have also been objections to the way Western media presents women from various cultures creating stereotypes, such as that of 'submissive' Asian or Eastern European women, a stereotype closely connected to the 6935:"Unrealistic expectations by men of how women should look or behave"; "Psychological disorders such as body dysmorphic disorder, anorexia, bulimia and so on"; "The importance of physical appearance is emphasized and reinforced early in most girls' development." Studies have found that nearly half of females ages six–eight have stated they want to be slimmer. (Striegel-Moore & Franko, 2002)". 7854:
and states that:"violence against women is a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women, which have led to domination over and discrimination against women by men and to the prevention of the full advancement of women, and that violence against women is one of the crucial social mechanisms by which women are forced into a subordinate position compared with men."
7973:: "The equality approach starts by examining not whether the woman said 'no', but whether she said 'yes'. Women do not walk around in a state of constant consent to sexual activity unless and until they say 'no', or offer resistance to anyone who targets them for sexual activity. The right to physical and sexual autonomy means that they have to affirmatively consent to sexual activity." 6036:"Harmful traditional practices" refer to forms of violence which are committed in certain communities often enough to become cultural practice, and accepted for that reason. Young women are the main victims of such acts, although men can also be affected. They occur in an environment where women and girls have unequal rights and opportunities. These practices include, according to the 8042:, has stated on domestic violence against women: "The reality for most victims, including victims of honor killings, is that state institutions fail them and that most perpetrators of domestic violence can rely on a culture of impunity for the acts they commit – acts which would often be considered as crimes, and be punished as such, if they were committed against strangers." 5201:
within that culture, not through forceful foreign intervention. A criticism of international organizations is that while they purport to support universal global human rights, they often support the interests of Western elites. The legitimacy of international organizations has come into question in the 21st century especially in the light of international scandals, such as
6317:, for example, since women continue to hold lower-paying jobs, they earn 13% less than men on average. According to European Quality of Life Survey and European Working Conditions Survey data, women in the European Union work more hours but for less pay. Adult men (including the retired) work an average of 23 hours per week, compared to 15 hours for women. 5321:) often have a negative effect on health. The World Health Organization cites the example of women not being allowed to travel alone outside the home (to go to the hospital), and women being prevented by cultural norms to ask their husbands to use a condom, in cultures which simultaneously encourage male promiscuity, as social norms that harm 5921:. Family planning is particularly important from a women's rights perspective, as having very many pregnancies, especially in areas where malnutrition is present, can seriously endanger women's health. UNFA writes that "Family planning is central to gender equality and women's empowerment, and it is a key factor in reducing poverty". 7840:, violence related to accusations of witchcraft, mistreatment of widows (e.g. widow inheritance). Fighting against violence against women is considered a key issue for achieving gender equality. The Council of Europe adopted the Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention). 5085:, is that they disproportionately focus on policies integrating women in public life, but do not seek to genuinely address the deep private sphere oppression. A criticism of the Western concept and policies of gender equality relates to the degree to which this approach is able to genuinely address in a successful way the problem of 7759:, which was extremely powerful in its influence over the world (historian Robert Holtman regards it as one of the few documents that have influenced the whole world) and which designated married women a subordinate role, and provided for leniency with regard to 'crimes of passion' (which was the case in France until 1975) 4543:
deacon was partnered with a deaconess. Men had oversight of men; women had oversight of women. Women lived with women; men lived with men. In Shaker society, a woman did not have to be controlled or owned by any man. After Meacham's death in 1796, Wright became the head of the Shaker ministry until her death in 1821.
6282: 6286: 6285: 6281: 6047:(FGM); forced feeding of women; early marriage; the various taboos or practices which prevent women from controlling their own fertility; nutritional taboos and traditional birth practices; son preference and its implications for the status of the girl child; female infanticide; early pregnancy; and dowry price 6540:
home, at school and in the community; violence on the way to school, or in and around schools; long distances to schools; vulnerability to the HIV epidemic; school fees, which often lead to parents sending only their sons to school; lack of gender sensitive approaches and materials in classrooms. According to
6287: 4931:, but Japan still remains low in gender equality compared to other industrialized nations.Developing countries like Kenya, on the other hand, do not have official national statistics and have to rely on some gender-disaggregated statistics, usually funded by international organizations, for their analysis. 7020:
was; or if they do not know what acts are illegal: a report by Amnesty International showed in Hungary, in a public opinion poll of nearly 1,200 people in 2006, a total of 62% did not know that marital rape was an illegal (it was outlawed in 1997) and therefore the crime was rarely reported. Ensuring
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states at Art. 4 (d) "States should also inform women of their rights in seeking redress through such mechanisms". Enacting protective legislation against violence has little effect, if women do not know how to use it: for example a study of Bedouin women in Israel found that 60% did not know what a
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was one of the last countries in Europe to establish gender equality in marriage, in this country married women's rights were severely restricted until 1988, when legal reforms providing for gender equality in marriage, abolishing the legal authority of the husband, come into force (these reforms had
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The 2013 UN Resolution on Child, Early and Forced Marriage calls for an end to the practice, and states that "Recognizing that child, early and forced marriage is a harmful practice that violates abuses, or impairs human rights and is linked to and perpetuates other harmful practices and human rights
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girls have the highest risk of sexual coercion, sexual ill health, and negative reproductive outcomes. The risks they face are higher than those of boys and men; this increased risk is partly due to gender inequity (different socialization of boys and girls, gender based violence, child marriage) and
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In some cultures, acts of violence against women are seen as crimes against the male 'owners' of the woman, such as husband, father or male relatives, rather the woman herself. This leads to practices where men inflict violence upon women in order to get revenge on male members of the women's family.
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stated that "despite many international agreements affirming their human rights, women are still much more likely than men to be poor and illiterate. They have less access to property ownership, credit, training, and employment. This partly stems from the archaic stereotypes of women being labeled as
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Although married women in France obtained the right to work without their husbands' permission in 1965, and the paternal authority of a man over his family was ended in 1970 (before that parental responsibilities belonged solely to the father who made all legal decisions concerning the children), it
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conducted a study on gender equality by comparing the text of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women with some widely recognized Islamic references and resources. The results reflect the parallels between the Convention and many tenets of Islamic scripture and
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While in many countries, the problem lies in the lack of adequate legislation, in others the principal problem is not as much the lack of a legal framework, but the fact that most women do not know their legal rights. This is especially the case as many of the laws dealing with women's rights are of
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arise from the socially approved roles of women and men in the private or public sphere, at home or in the workplace. In the household, women are typically seen as mother figures, which usually places them into a typical classification of being "supportive" or "nurturing". Women are expected to want
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adults are women. Lack of an education severely restricts a woman's access to information and opportunities. Conversely, increasing women's and girls' educational attainment benefits both individuals and future generations. Higher levels of women's education are strongly associated with lower infant
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Women continue to earn around 25% less than males. Almost a billion women are unable to obtain loans to establish a company or create a bank account in order to save money. Increasing women's equality in banking and the workplace might boost the global economy by up to $ 28 trillion by 2025. Funding
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Women are often, in law or in practice, unable to access legal institutions. UN Women has said that: "Too often, justice institutions, including the police and the courts, deny women justice". Often, women are denied legal recourse because the state institutions themselves are structured and operate
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Significant progress towards the protection of women from violence has been made on international level as a product of collective effort of lobbying by many women's rights movements; international organizations to civil society groups. As a result, worldwide governments and international as well as
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Dating and courtship violence (e.g. acid throwing and date rape); economically coerced sex (e.g. school girls having sex with "sugar daddies" in return for school fees); incest; sexual abuse in the workplace; rape; sexual harassment; forced prostitution and pornography; trafficking in women; partner
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In countries where gang murders, armed kidnappings, civil unrest, and other similar acts are rare, the vast majority of murdered women are killed by partners/ex-partners. By contrast, in countries with a high level of organized criminal activity and gang violence, murders of women are more likely to
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There has been criticism from some feminists towards the political discourse and policies employed in order to achieve the above items of "progress" in gender equality, with critics arguing that these gender equality strategies are superficial, in that they do not seek to challenge social structures
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The notion of gender equality, and of its degree of achievement in a certain country, is very complex because there are countries that have a history of a high level of gender equality in certain areas of life but not in other areas. Indeed, there is a need for caution when categorizing countries by
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policies have been critical to bringing changes in societal attitudes. A 2015 Pew Research Center survey of citizens in 38 countries found that majorities in 37 of those 38 countries said that gender equality is at least "somewhat important", and a global median of 65% believe it is "very important"
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The Netherlands and Ireland are among the last Western countries to accept women as professionals; despite the Netherlands having an image as progressive on gender issues, women in the Netherlands work less in paid employment than women in other comparable Western countries. In the early 1980s, the
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She writes "To know what is wrong with rape, know what is right about sex. If this, in turn, is difficult, the difficulty is as instructive as the difficulty men have in telling the difference when women see one. Perhaps the wrong of rape has proved so difficult to define because the unquestionable
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defines violence against women as "any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life"
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Women are underrepresented in most countries' National Parliaments. The 2011 UN General Assembly resolution on women's political participation called for female participation in politics, and expressed concern about the fact that "women in every part of the world continue to be largely marginalized
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In many parts of the world, girls' access to education is very restricted. In developing parts of the world women are often denied opportunities for education as girls and women face many obstacles. These include: early and forced marriages; early pregnancy; prejudice based on gender stereotypes at
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Females are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) at all levels of society. Fewer females are completing STEM school subjects, graduating with STEM degrees, being employed as STEM professionals, and holding senior leadership and academic positions in STEM. This
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In 2009, United States data showed that transgender people are likely to experience a broad range of violence in the entirety of their lifetime. Violence against trans women in Puerto Rico started to make headlines after being treated as "An Invisible Problem" decades before. It was reported at the
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In France, married women obtained the right to work without their husband's consent in 1965; while the paternal authority of a man over his family was ended in 1970 (before that parental responsibilities belonged solely to the father who made all legal decisions concerning the children); and a new
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According to a study, the way women are often portrayed by the media can lead to: "Women of average or normal appearance feeling inadequate or less beautiful in comparison to the overwhelming use of extraordinarily attractive women"; "Increase in the likelihood and acceptance of sexual violence";
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in the United States have been the subject of anti-trans stigma, which includes criminalization, dehumanization, and violence against those who identify as transgender. From a societal standpoint, a trans person can be victim to the stigma due to lack of family support, issues with health care and
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argues that in male dominated societies, sexual intercourse is imposed on women in a coercive and unequal way, creating a continuum of victimization, where women have few positive sexual experiences. Socialization within rigid gender constructs often creates an environment where sexual violence is
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and of reinforcing Western moral superiority; and a way of "othering" of domestic violence, by presenting it as something specific to outsiders – the "violent others" – and not to the allegedly progressive Western cultures. These critics point out that women in Western countries often face similar
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Shakers maintained the same pattern of gender-balanced leadership for more than 200 years. They also promoted equality by working together with other women's rights advocates. In 1859, Shaker Elder Frederick Evans stated their beliefs forcefully, writing that Shakers were "the first to disenthrall
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Krys, Kuba; Capaldi, Colin A.; van Tilburg, Wijnand; Lipp, Ottmar V.; Bond, Michael Harris; Vauclair, C.-Melanie; Manickam, L. Sam S.; DomĂ­nguez-Espinosa, Alejandra; Torres, Claudio; Lun, Vivian Miu-Chi; Teyssier, Julien; Miles, Lynden K.; Hansen, Karolina; Park, Joonha; Wagner, Wolfgang (October
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involves companies selling almost identical units of the same product or service at comparatively different prices, as determined by the target market. Studies have found that women pay about $ 1,400 a year more than men due to gendered discriminatory pricing. Although the "pink tax" of different
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The custom of bride price can also curtail the free movement of women: if a wife wants to leave her husband, he may demand back the bride price that he had paid to the woman's family; and the woman's family often cannot or does not want to pay it back, making it difficult for women to move out of
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states that, "over 67 million women 20–24 year old in 2010 had been married as girls. Half were in Asia, one-fifth in Africa. In the next decade 14.2 million girls under 18 will be married every year; this translates into 39,000 girls married each day. This will rise to an average of 15.1 million
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vary significantly by country. The availability of contraception, sterilization and abortion is dependent on laws, as well as social, cultural and religious norms. Some countries have liberal laws regarding these issues, but in practice it is very difficult to access such services due to doctors,
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When Costa Rica has a better maternity leave than the United States, and Latin American countries are quicker to adopt policies addressing violence against women than the Nordic countries, one at least ought to consider the possibility that fresh ways of grouping states would further the study of
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into the ministry as his female counterpart, and together they restructured the society to balance the rights of the sexes. Meacham and Wright established leadership teams where each elder, who dealt with the men's spiritual welfare, was partnered with an eldress, who did the same for women. Each
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Gender discrimination often results in women obtaining low-wage jobs and being disproportionately affected by poverty, discrimination and exploitation. A growing body of research documents what works to economically empower women, from providing access to formal financial services to training on
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shows the different types of violence perpetrated against women according to what time period in a women's life the violence takes place. However, it also classifies the types of violence according to the perpetrator. One important point to note is that more of the types of violence inflicted on
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talked about the negative reactions towards women's rights from the left that was supposed to be progressive and support social change, and also expressed skepticism about mainstream international organizations. There have been questions about the acceptability of international intervention into
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problems, such as domestic violence and rape, as in other parts of the world. They also cite the fact that women faced de jure legal discrimination until just a few decades ago; for instance, in some Western countries such as Switzerland, Greece, Spain, and France, women obtained equal rights in
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Traditional customs regarding birth sometimes endanger the mothers. Births in parts of Africa are often attended by traditional birth attendants (TBAs), who sometimes perform rituals that are dangerous to the health of the mother. In many societies, a difficult labour is believed to be a divine
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approach to issues, which does not take into account that a specific approach may work in one culture but not in another, and that historically international intervention into another country has often done more harm than good; and that ultimately the problems from a culture must be solved from
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there is no 'equality', and that apart from physical differences there are socially constructed limitations which assign a socially and culturally inferior position to women – a situation which requires a specific approach to women's rights, not merely a gender neutral one. In a 1975 interview,
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as "a manifestation of deeply entrenched gender inequality. It persists for many reasons. In some societies, for example, it is considered a rite of passage. In others, it is seen as a prerequisite for marriage. In some communities – whether Christian, Jewish, Muslim – the practice may even be
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impact trans women differently because they are facing discrimination from police and health providers, and alienation from family. In 2018, it was reported that 77 percent of transgender people who were linked to sex work and 72 percent of transgender people who were homeless, were victims of
5540:, which consists of the rape of a female, usually by a group of several males, as revenge for acts committed by members of her family, such as her father or brothers, with the rape being meant to humiliate the father or brothers, as punishment for their prior behavior towards the perpetrators. 5272:
The extent to which national policy frameworks address gender issues improved over the past decade. National policies and budgets in East Africa and Latin America, for example, have increasingly highlighted structural gaps in access to land, inputs, services, finance and digital technology and
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warned that the document would be defining universal rights from a Western perspective which could be detrimental to non-Western countries, and further argued that the West's history of colonialism and forceful interference with other societies made them a problematic moral representative for
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fields at university level most countries were countries that were considered internationally to score very low on the position of women's rights, with the top 3 being Iran, Saudi Arabia and Oman, and only 5 European countries made it to that top: Romania, Bulgaria, Italy, Georgia and Greece.
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industry. Such stereotypes are often blatantly untrue: for instance women in many Eastern European countries occupy a high professional status. Feminists in many developing countries have been strongly opposed to the idea that women in those countries need to be 'saved' by the West. There are
8176:. As of 2014, the Netherlands and Switzerland were the only OECD members where most employed women worked part-time, while in the United Kingdom, women made up two-thirds of workers on long term sick leave, despite making up only half of the workforce and even after excluding maternity leave. 7070:
According to the Council of Europe definition: "Gender mainstreaming is the (re)organization, improvement, development and evaluation of policy processes, so that a gender equality perspective is incorporated in all policies at all levels and at all stages, by the actors normally involved in
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husbands have a legal right to "punish" their wives, with paragraph 41 of the criminal code stating that there is no crime if an act is committed while exercising a legal right. In the 1990s and the 21st century there has been progress in many countries in Africa: for instance in Namibia the
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A Joint Statement by the United Nations Working Group on discrimination against women in law and in practice in 2012 stated: "the United Nations Working Group on discrimination against women in law and in practice is deeply concerned at the criminalization and penalization of adultery whose
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says that, "since 1990, the world has seen a 45 per cent decline in maternal mortality – an enormous achievement. But in spite of these gains, almost 800 women still die every day from causes related to pregnancy or childbirth. This is about one woman every two minutes." According to UNFPA:
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in Pakistan and Afghanistan, whereby a girl is given from one family to another (often though a marriage), in order to settle the disputes and feuds between the families. The girl, who now belongs to the second family, has very little autonomy and freedom, her role being to serve the new
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Western countries with a strong emphasis on women fulfilling the role of homemakers, rather than a professional role, include parts of German speaking Europe (i.e. parts of Germany, Austria and Switzerland); as well as the Netherlands and Ireland. In the computer technology world of
6284: 5363:(FGM), negatively affect women's health. Female genital mutilation is the ritual cutting or removal of some or all of the external female genitalia. It is rooted in inequality between the sexes, and constitutes a form of discrimination against women. The practice is found in Africa, 6400:
prevented from having a child. In some countries, employers ask women to sign formal or informal documents stipulating that they will not get pregnant or face legal punishment. Women often face severe violations of their reproductive rights at the hands of their employers; and the
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Amnesty International's Secretary General has stated that: "It is unbelievable that in the twenty-first century some countries are condoning child marriage and marital rape while others are outlawing abortion, sex outside marriage and same-sex sexual activity – even punishable by
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practice. The study showcased specific issues, including VAW, child marriage, respect for the dignity of women, and equality in the economic and political participation of women. The study was later used to produce training materials geared towards sensitizing religious leaders."
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violations, that these violations have a disproportionately negative impact on women and girls ". Despite a near-universal commitment by governments to end child marriage, "one in three girls in developing countries (excluding China) will probably be married before they are 18."
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from the political sphere". Only 22 percent of parliamentarians globally are women and therefore, men continue to occupy most positions of political and legal authority. As of November 2014, women accounted for 28% of members of the single or lower houses of parliaments in the
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A composite data map showing the percentage of women aged 15-49 who have undergone FGM. The source is UNICEF (2016), and a number of additional studies for countries outside Africa (with the exception of Indonesia) not surveyed by UNICEF. There is no data for the countries in
4348:(an agency of the United Nations) defines gender equality as "women and men, and girls and boys, enjoy the same rights, resources, opportunities and protections. It does not require that girls and boys, or women and men, be the same, or that they be treated exactly alike." 16941:
El Poder Ejecutivo estĂĄ constituido por el Presidente, quien desarrolla las funciones de Jefe de Estado. El simboliza y representa los intereses permanentes del paĂ­s. A su vez, como Jefe de Gobierno, es quien dirige la polĂ­tica gubernamental, respaldado por la mayorĂ­a
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says that, "Six out of 10 of the world's poorest people are women. Economic disparities persist partly because much of the unpaid work within families and communities falls on the shoulders of women, and because women continue to face discrimination in the economic
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writes that "Traditionally, rape was the offense of depriving a father or husband of a valuable asset — his wife's chastity or his daughter's virginity". Historically, rape was seen in many cultures (and is still seen today in some societies) as a crime against the
16570: 6713:, it was only in 1984 that full legal equality between husband and wife was achieved: prior to 1984 the law stipulated that the husband's opinion prevailed over the wife's regarding issues such as decisions on children's education and the domicile of the family. 5242:
Gender equality is part of the national curriculum in Great Britain and many other European countries. By presidential decree, the Republic of Kazakhstan created a Strategy for Gender Equality 2006–2016 to chart the subsequent decade of gender equality efforts.
14996:...Silicon Valley has for years accommodated a fringe element of men who say women are ruining the tech world.... backlash against the women in technology movement ... surveys show there is no denying the travails women face in the male-dominated industry ... 4767:
Directive 2002/73/EC – equal treatment of 23 September 2002 amending Council Directive 76/207/EEC on the implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women as regards access to employment, vocational training and promotion, and working
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Equal rights for women in marriage, divorce, and property/land ownership and inheritance are essential for gender equality. The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) has called for the end of discriminatory
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is becoming more available for this, for example with the European Investment Bank establishing the SheInvest program in 2020 with the goal of raising €1 billion in investments to assist women in obtaining loans and running enterprises across Africa.
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recommended its abolition, and stated that: "Legislation should ... State that divorce shall not be contingent upon the return of bride price but such provisions shall not be interpreted to limit women's right to divorce; State that a perpetrator of
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is prevalent in parts of Asia and Africa. The majority of victims seeking advice are female and aged between 18 and 23. Such marriages can have harmful effects on a girl's education and development, and may expose girls to social isolation or abuse.
5280:
analysed recognized women's roles and/or challenges in agriculture, only 19 percent had gender equality in agriculture or women's rights as explicit policy objectives. And only 13 percent encouraged rural women's participation in the policy cycle.
5262:
states that women's empowerment and gender equality requires strategic interventions at all levels of programming and policy-making. These levels include reproductive health, economic empowerment, educational empowerment and political empowerment.
6342:
Since the 1950s, social scientists as well as feminists have increasingly criticized gendered arrangements of work and care and the male breadwinner role. Policies are increasingly targeting men as fathers as a tool of changing gender relations.
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for a married woman. Other practices have included, and in many countries continue to include, a requirement for a husband's consent for an application for bank loans and credit cards by a married woman, as well as restrictions on the wife's
5640:
civil society organizations actively work to combat violence against women through a variety of programs. Among the major achievements of the women's rights movements against violence on girls and women, the landmark accomplishments are the "
10300: 7989:"Preventable maternal mortality occurs where there is a failure to give effect to the rights of women to health, equality, and non-discrimination. Preventable maternal mortality also often represents a violation of a woman's right to life." 6155:
An estimated 125 million women and girls living today have undergone FGM in the 29 countries where data exist. Of these, about half live in Egypt and Ethiopia. It is most commonly carried out on girls between infancy and 15 years old.
7891:"In some developing countries, practices that subjugate and harm women – such as wife-beating, killings in the name of honour, female genital mutilation/cutting and dowry deaths – are condoned as being part of the natural order of things." 5482:(VAW) is a technical term used to collectively refer to violent acts that are primarily or exclusively committed against women. This type of violence is gender-based, meaning that the acts of violence are committed against women expressly 7955:
According to the World Health Organization: "Sexual violence is also more likely to occur where beliefs in male sexual entitlement are strong, where gender roles are more rigid, and in countries experiencing high rates of other types of
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ArtĂ­culo 118°.- Atribuciones del Presidente de la RepĂșblica Corresponde al Presidente de la RepĂșblica: 1. Cumplir y hacer cumplir la ConstituciĂłn y los tratados, leyes y demĂĄs disposiciones legales. 3. Dirigir la polĂ­tica general del
4559:
The Shakers were more than a radical religious sect on the fringes of American society; they put equality of the sexes into practice. It has been argued that they demonstrated that gender equality was achievable and how to achieve it.
16515: 8132:, stated "Germany, but also Austria and the Netherlands, should look at the example of the northern countries that means removing obstacles for women, older workers, foreigners and low-skilled job-seekers to get into the workforce". 6854:(PYD). In northern Syria all villages, towns and cities governed by the PYD were co-governed by a man and a woman. Local councils were formed where each sex had to have 40% representation, and minorities also had to be represented. 12208: 7604:– occupations traditionally reserved for men. Although these continue to have a male majority, an increasing number of women are now active, especially in directive fields such as politics, and occupy high positions in business. 15751: 14878: 5815:
The importance of women having the right and possibility to have control over their body, reproduction decisions, and sexuality, and the need for gender equality in order to achieve these goals are recognized as crucial by the
5486:
they are women, or as a result of patriarchal gender constructs. Violence and mistreatment of women in marriage has come to international attention during the past decades. This includes both violence committed inside marriage
7074:
An integrated gender mainstreaming approach is "the attempt to form alliances and common platforms that bring together the power of faith and gender-equality aspirations to advance human rights." For example, "in Azerbaijan,
6683:
The legal and social treatment of married women has been often discussed as a political issue from the 19th century onwards. Until the 1970s, legal subordination of married women was common across European countries, through
6544:, there have been multiple attacks on schools worldwide during the period 2009–2014 with "a number of these attacks being specifically directed at girls, parents and teachers advocating for gender equality in education". The 16438: 8385:, the marriage law was overhauled between 1975 and 1983, abolishing the restrictions on married women's right to work outside the home, providing for equality between spouses, and for joint ownership of property and assets. 5911:
is the practice of freely deciding the number of children one has and the intervals between their births, particularly by means of contraception or voluntary sterilization. Abortion is the induced termination of pregnancy.
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common. One of the challenges of dealing with sexual violence is that in many societies women are perceived as being readily available for sex, and men are seen as entitled to their bodies, until and unless women object.
4537:
community in the north-west of England before emigrating to America in 1774. In America, the head of the Shakers' central ministry in 1788, Joseph Meacham, had a revelation that the sexes should be equal. He then brought
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and wrote that: "The law of servitude in marriage is a monstrous contradiction to all the principles of the modern world, and to all the experience through which those principles have been slowly and painfully worked
5525: 6312:
In addition, gender wage gap is a phenomenon of gender biases. That means women do the same job or work with their male counterpart, but they could not receive the same salary or opportunity at workforce. Across the
5184:
societal domestic issues from international organizations, especially since the multitude of such international bodies can create confusion, including through contradictory rulings on the same issue: for example the
6051:
Son preference refers to a cultural preference for sons over daughters, and manifests itself through practices such as sex selective abortion; female infanticide; or abandonment, neglect or abuse of girl-children.
6089:. Men must wear gloves with hundreds of bullet ants woven in for ten minutes: the ants' stings cause severe pain and paralysis. This experience must be completed twenty times for boys to be considered "warriors". 14777: 12844: 6971:
is an annual award that honors a person, organization or institution that has made a notable contribution to the defense and/or promotion of press freedom anywhere in the world. Nine out of 20 winners have been
11713: 9641: 8076:. That is, Western bodies are less likely to conduct commerce with nations in the Middle East that retain culturally accepted attitudes towards the status and function of women in their society in an effort to 15030:...Bowles has written a number of groundbreaking stories on the "gender problem" in tech, including a profile of a "contrarian" fringe element of men leading a backlash against women asserting their rights.... 6283: 8051:
According to Amnesty International, "Women who are victims of gender-related violence often have little recourse because many state agencies are themselves guilty of gender bias and discriminatory practices."
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Lombardo, Emanuela; JaluĆĄiĂš, Vlasta; Maloutas, Maro Pantelidou; Sauer, Birgit (2007). "III. Taming the Male Sovereign? Framing Gender Inequality in Politics in the European Union and the Member States". In
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Danish, Swedish, Finnish and Norwegian sections of Amnesty International (March 2010), "Rape and human rights in Finland", in Danish, Swedish, Finnish and Norwegian sections of Amnesty International (ed.),
7932:." This is also the position of the Istanbul Convention which reads:"Article 3 – Definitions, For the purpose of this Convention: a "violence against women" is understood as a violation of human rights and 5366:
Asia and the Middle East, and among immigrant communities from countries in which FGM is common. The preference rate in Kenya is 21 per cent and an estimated 4 million girls and women have undergone FGM in
10101:
Demos, Vasilikie. (2007) "The Intersection of Gender, Class and Nationality and the Agency of Kytherian Greek Women." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association. August
8853:
Demos, Vasilikie. (2007) "The Intersection of Gender, Class and Nationality and the Agency of Kytherian Greek Women." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association. August
8432:
Examples of legal rights include: "The punishment of a wife by her husband, the disciplining by parents and teachers of children under their authority within certain limits prescribed by law or by custom".
8442:
enforcement leads to discrimination and violence against women." UN Women also stated that "Drafters should repeal any criminal offenses related to adultery or extramarital sex between consenting adults".
5518:
occur in a public sphere, often in a general climate of indifference and impunity. In addition, many countries do not have adequate comprehensive data collection on such murders, aggravating the problem.
16475: 15906:"2015 Review Report of the Netherlands Government in the context of the twentieth anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women and the adoption of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action" 14046: 16640: 15916: 10365:
De Vos, M. (2020). The European Court of Justice and the march towards substantive equality in European Union anti-discrimination law. International Journal of Discrimination and the Law, 20(1), 62-87.
7561:
Although the Peruvian constitution and the government itself state that the President is the Head of Government, other sources name the President of the Council of Ministers as the head of government.
5510:
According to some theories, violence against women is often caused by the acceptance of violence by various cultural groups as a means of conflict resolution within intimate relationships. Studies on
4627: 10308: 11092: 5389:
According to the World Health Organization, gender equality can improve men's health. The study shows that traditional notions of masculinity have a big impact on men's health. Among European men,
5105:(most common in certain geographic regions such as parts of Asia and North Africa) being frequently the object of public debate, while other forms of violence, such as the lenient punishment for 13290: 9996: 14218: 5425:
preventing women from equally contributing to their households and participating in the workforce can put additional stress on men, increasing their risk of health issues, and men bolstered by
15009: 9407: 8866: 17551: 13253:"Analytical study of the results of the 4th round of monitoring the implementation of Recommendation Rec(2002)5 on the protection of women against violence in Council of Europe member states" 10788: 16504: 13313: 15093: 14633:
Duesterhaus, Megan; Grauerholz, Liz; Weichsel, Rebecca; Guittar, Nicholas A. (2011). "The Cost of Doing Femininity: Gendered Disparities in Pricing of Personal Care Products and Services".
14439: 14380: 5739:
58th Convention of the Puerto Rican Association that many transgender women face institutional, emotional, and structural obstacles. Most trans women do not have access to health care for
17073: 9830:
Nasrullah, M.; Muazzam, S.; Bhutta, Z. A.; Raj, A. (2013). "Girl Child Marriage and Its Effect on Fertility in Pakistan: Findings from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2006–2007".
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problem is exacerbated by the gender pay gap; family role expectations; lack of visible role models or mentors; discrimination and harassment; and bias in hiring and promotion practices.
5130:
questions on how exactly should gender equality be measured, and whether the West is indeed "best" at it: a study in 2010 found that among the top 20 countries on female graduates in the
4406:, which is used to measure gender balance in a given situation, can aid in achieving substantive gender equality but is not the goal in and of itself. Gender equality is strongly tied to 3850: 248: 10896:
Delivery at the Conference Toward a Comparative Politics of Gender: Advancing the Discipline Along Interdisciplinary Boundaries, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, October
8307:"Pluralist democracy requires balanced participation of women and men in political and public decision-making. Council of Europe standards provide clear guidance on how to achieve this." 16954: 8406:
upon getting married, a practice which has been outlawed or restricted in some jurisdictions, because it is seen as contrary to women's rights. As such, women in Greece are required to
6893:
dictating the types of behaviors which are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for people based on their sex. Gender roles are usually centered on conceptions of
6305: 5269:
says that "research has also demonstrated how working with men and boys as well as women and girls to promote gender equality contributes to achieving health and development outcomes."
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women have a minimum understanding of health issues is also important: lack of access to reliable medical information and available medical procedures to which they are entitled hurts
5758:
tracked over 128 cases that ended in fatality against transgender people in the US from 2013 to 2018, of which eighty percent included a trans woman of color. In the US, high rates of
17895: 15699: 14440:"Child protection in the Somali region of Ethiopia. A report for the BRIDGES project Piloting the delivery of quality education services in the developing regional states of Ethiopia" 6509:
In addition to laws, women's freedom of movement is also restricted by social and religious norms. Restrictions on freedom of movement also exist due to traditional practices such as
5551:, rather than against the self-determination of the woman. As a result, victims of rape may face violence, in extreme cases even honor killings, at the hands of their family members. 160: 11807: 6979:
since 2014 has been running a Leadership Academy for Women in Digital Media, expressly focused on the skills and knowledge needed to achieve success in the digital media environment.
16430: 16378: 16339:
Acevedo et al. 2010. 'A Content Analysis of the Roles Portrayed by Women in Commercials: 1973 – 2008', Revista Brasileira de Marketing Vol. 9. Universidade Nove de Julho, Sao Paulo.
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It is in the Netherlands (17.6%) and in Ireland (13.6%) that we see the smallest numbers of married women working and the least acceptance of this phenomenon by the general public
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4. States Parties shall accord to men and women the same rights with regard to the law relating to the movement of persons and the freedom to choose their residence and domicile.
4615:
and other international agencies have adopted several conventions which promote gender equality. These conventions have not been uniformly adopted by all countries, and include:
16043: 15158: 13749: 6839:
Two recent movements in countries with large Kurdish populations have implemented political gender equality. One has been the Kurdish movement in southeastern Turkey led by the
6037: 5649: 14129: 13506: 12890: 7746:, pointed out that "crimes of passion have a similar dynamic in that the women are killed by male family members and the crimes are perceived as excusable or understandable". 5735:
individuals, especially transgender women, continue to rise yearly. 2020 saw a record 350 transgender individuals murdered, with means including suffocation and burning alive.
5273:
included efforts to produce gender-responsive outcomes. However, the extent to which agricultural policies specifically address gender equality and women's empowerment varies.
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Denmark: human rights violations and concerns in the context of counter-terrorism, immigration-detention, forcible return of rejected asylum-seekers and violence against women
7463: 16998: 8831: 6324:
The European Investment Bank funded an additional €2 billion in gender-lens investment in Africa, Asia, and Latin America at the Finance in Common Summit at the end of 2022.
6066:(the practice of ostracizing a group by segregating them from the mainstream society) often interacts with gender discrimination, leading to a double discrimination faced by 12589: 9281: 6659:
of Parliament were women, the highest proportion anywhere in the world, but worldwide that was one of only two such bodies where women were in the majority, the other being
16409: 16349: 15839: 15461: 14975: 9910: 8787: 7928:
recognized violence against women as a form discrimination against women: "he Court considers that the violence suffered by the applicant and her mother may be regarded as
7055:, in all areas and levels, with the aim of achieving gender equality. The concept of gender mainstreaming was first proposed at the 1985 Third World Conference on Women in 7339: 6487:
of many societies, and this still remains the case today in some societies. Before the 20th century it was also common in parts of Southern Europe, such as much of Spain.
10121: 5162:
concepts of human rights are at best silent on many of the issues important to women and at worst male centered; considering the male person to be the default. Excessive
4438:
child-bearers and homemakers, rather than the breadwinners of the family. They are far less likely than men to be politically active and far more likely to be victims of
13343:
RodrĂ­guez-Madera, Sheilla L.; Padilla, Mark; Varas-DĂ­az, Nelson; Neilands, Torsten; Guzzi, Ana C. Vasques; Florenciani, Ericka J.; Ramos-Pibernus, AlĂ­xida (2017-01-28).
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in the 1980s. Another criticism is that there is a selective public discourse with regard to different types of oppression of women, with some forms of violence such as
4770:
states that: "Harassment and sexual harassment within the meaning of this Directive shall be deemed to be discrimination on the grounds of sex and therefore prohibited."
12855: 10549:
Shakers: Compendium of the Origin, History, Principles, Rules and Regulations, Government, and Doctrines of the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing
9964: 11705: 9645: 9465: 7218: 4969: 14522: 12621: 11675: 7946:
starting point has been that rape is defined as distinct from intercourse, while for women it is difficult to distinguish the two under conditions of male dominance."
5873:
as punishment for 'inappropriate' relations). The sexual health of women is often poor in societies where a woman's right to control her sexuality is not recognized.
5644:" that implies "political will towards addressing VAW " and the legal binding agreement, "the Convention on Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women ( 13812: 12813: 10666: 7067:
development community. Gender mainstreaming "involves ensuring that gender perspectives and attention to the goal of gender equality are central to all activities".
6347:, that is, a relationship where the partners collaborate at sharing their responsibilities inside and outside of the home, is often encouraged in Western countries. 4691:
programme-of-action asserted that governments have a responsibility to meet individuals' reproductive needs, rather than demographic targets. As such, it called for
243: 10593: 9223: 17574: 16127: 15778: 13982: 11776: 10579:
Wendy R. Benningfield, Appeal of the Sisterhood: The Shakers and the Woman's Rights Movement (University of Kentucky Lexington doctoral dissertation, 2004), p. 73.
7850: 7012: 5641: 5341:. The World Health Organization has also stated that there is a strong connection between gender socialization and transmission and lack of adequate management of 4665: 15996: 15491: 6680:. In 2013, UN Women stated that "While at least 115 countries recognize equal land rights for women and men, effective implementation remains a major challenge". 6055:
Abuses regarding nutrition are taboos in regard to certain foods, which result in poor nutrition of women, and may endanger their health, especially if pregnant.
17851: 16166: 13430: 9521: 7683:, which described Danish laws as "inconsistent with international human rights standards". This led to Denmark reforming its sexual offenses legislation in 2013. 6297:
agricultural and business management practices, though more research is needed across a variety of contexts to confirm the effectiveness of these interventions.
5413:, and other habits, which the report connects to behaviors often stereotypically seen as masculine behaviors like heavy drinking and smoking. Traditional gender 4916: 4743:
guarantees comprehensive rights to women, including the right to take part in the political process, to social and political equality with men, to control their
4590: 4342:, including economic participation and decision-making, and the state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations, and needs equally, also regardless of gender. 175: 16483: 9377: 6818:
Supreme Court ruled that a man has the right to physically discipline his wife and children as long as he does not leave physical marks. The criminalization of
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similarly defines gender equality as "the enjoyment of equal rights, opportunities and treatment by men and women and by boys and girls in all spheres of life"
5821: 5113:, do not receive the same attention in the West. It is also argued that the criticism of particular laws of many developing countries ignores the influence of 4680: 15905: 12306: 16632: 12685: 9884: 8402:
only in 1983 through legal changes which reformed marriage law and provided gender equality in marriage. These changes also dealt with the practice of women
6727: 5092:
A further criticism is that a focus on the situation of women in non-Western countries, while often ignoring the issues that exist in the West, is a form of
4567:
in Western cultures in the late-19th century, which sought to allow women to vote and hold elected office. This period also witnessed significant changes to
15387:
Ahsan, I. (2009). PANCHAYATS AND JIRGAS (LOK ADALATS): Alternative Dispute Resolution System in Pakistan. Strengthening Governance Through Access To Justice
15224: 13321: 11063: 8624: 8362:
In 1957, James Everett, then Minister for Justice in Ireland, stated: "The progress of organised society is judged by the status occupied by married women".
17927: 17594: 15431: 14619: 14015: 12413: 11647: 11616: 10065: 9347: 8940: 7458: 165: 16548: 14413: 12548: 11508:
Montoya, Celeste; Rolandsen AgustĂ­n, Lise (1 December 2013). "The Othering of Domestic Violence: The EU and Cultural Framings of Violence against Women".
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with hot spot areas/ communities including the Kuria community both in Kenya and Tanzania border, Kisii, Maasai, Somali, Samburu and Kuria ethnic groups.
5196:
concluded in 2018 that France's ban on burqa in public violates human rights. International bodies have been criticized for being based on an ideology of
4551:
Each sex works in its own appropriate sphere of action, there being a proper subordination, deference and respect of the female to the male in his order,
17579: 16809: 10174: 6983: 4890:, a view that holds that men and women have different but complementing roles. This view may be in opposition to the views and goals of gender equality. 3614: 13716: 12524: 17937: 16741: 13282: 9986: 8515: 8500: 8092:
states that: "Investing in women's economic empowerment sets a direct path towards gender equality, poverty eradication and inclusive economic growth."
7418: 282: 14210: 6769:. In some places, although the law itself no longer requires the consent of the husband for various actions taken by the wife, the practice continues 19954: 19840: 13782: 12653: 11475: 10911: 10780: 10705: 9399: 8873: 2512: 11490: 11130:"Catching up with wonderful women: The women-are-wonderful effect is smaller in more gender egalitarian societies: CATCHING UP WITH WONDERFUL WOMEN" 5514:
victimization among ethnic minorities in the United Studies have consistently revealed that immigrants are a high-risk group for intimate violence.
19845: 19053: 15861: 15126: 14500: 11921: 10765: 8809: 8593: 8273:, which often leads to the minimizing of the movement of women in public spaces and restrictions on their social and professional interactions; or 5992:
of perpetrators of crimes against women, with such crimes being often ignored by authorities. This is especially the case with murders of women in
4876: 2517: 1600: 14450: 11431: 10018: 9932:"United Nations press release of a meeting of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), issued on 14 January 2003" 8897: 8210:
regarding reproductive rights (such as clauses which stipulate that a woman cannot get pregnant during a specified time) rendering such contracts
16207: 15279:
HeikkilÀ, Jussi; Laukkanen, Ina (4 July 2022). "Gender-specific Call of Duty: A Note on the Neglect of Conscription in Gender Equality Indices".
14698: 13030: 12998: 10142: 8068:-sponsored report that this disempowerment is a critical factor crippling these nations' return to the first rank of global leaders in commerce, 7424: 6968: 5244: 4756: 4729: 17070: 15639: 14311: 14154: 10997: 10709: 9114:"Explanatory Report to the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (CETS No. 210)" 7614: 18808: 16459: 14824: 14752: 13957: 10234: 9780: 7701:
In Switzerland in 1985, a referendum guaranteed women legal equality with men within marriage. The new reforms came into force in January 1988.
6822:
has been criticized as being a prohibition, which, in law or in practice, is used primarily against women; and incites violence against women (
4620: 1431: 16961: 16302:"Women and Girls as Subjects of Media's Attention and Advertisement Campaigns : The Situation in Europe, Best Practices and Legislations" 13604: 13473: 18516: 17932: 12934: 12246: 10597: 10589: 9436: 8486: 5352: 4860:
or child rearing is more commonly shared or not as widely considered to be an exclusively female role, so that women may be free to pursue a
3639: 3609: 979: 13921: 13121: 11799: 10330: 9178: 6498:. In some countries, women must legally be accompanied by their male guardians (such as the husband or male relative) when they leave home. 6445:
in the military. Currently only a few countries in the world, including Norway and Sweden, have gender-equal formal rules for conscription.
20703: 17536: 16928: 16301: 15691: 12068: 11737: 10424: 7393: 5625:
violence; marital rape; dowry abuse and murders; partner homicide; psychological abuse; abuse of women with disabilities; forced pregnancy
4915:
In addition, there are also non-Western countries of low religiosity where the contention surrounding gender equality remains. In China, a
4314: 3691: 16368: 14403:"Equality Now (2007) Protecting the girl child: Using the law to end child, early and forced marriage and related human rights violations" 13877: 13528: 12714: 12352: 9700: 5258:
A large and growing body of research has shown how gender inequality undermines health and development. To overcome gender inequality the
17441: 17316: 17281: 16253: 15362: 14778:"Boosting gender equality around the world: EIB expands SheInvest initiative and strengthens cooperation with Development Bank of Rwanda" 12266: 9143: 7733:
was only in 1985 that a legal reform abolished the stipulation that the husband had the sole power to administer the children's property.
2637: 16869: 15721: 10968: 8687: 6304:", refers to gendered pricing in which products or services marketed to women are more expensive than similar products marketed to men. 5524:
In most countries, it is only in more recent decades that domestic violence against women has received significant legal attention. The
4402:. Gender equality is the goal, while gender neutrality and gender equity are practices and ways of thinking that help achieve the goal. 20751: 20038: 17541: 17514: 16831: 14555: 14082: 13401: 9121: 8717: 8657: 7453: 6479:
The degree to which women can participate (in law and in practice) in public life varies by culture and socioeconomic characteristics.
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that the oppression of women is founded on irrational prejudice, pointing out numerous advances in society probably created by women.
17910: 17291: 17162: 15089: 14118: 13738: 13498: 12879: 8823: 6748:
There have been and sometimes continue to be unequal treatment of married women in various aspects of everyday life. For example, in
5422: 4555:, so that in any of these communities the zealous advocates of "women's rights" may here find a practical realization of their ideal. 3644: 2764: 265: 260: 15183: 14278: 9935: 9314: 8150:, found that the Netherlands and Ireland had the lowest labour participation of married women and the most public disapproval of it. 5824:
Program of Action. The World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that promotion of gender equality is crucial in the fight against
19830: 18461: 17922: 16991: 15970: 11850: 9277: 8172:
In the Netherlands, from the 1990s onwards, the numbers of women entering the workplace have increased, but with most of the women
8029:
Females' risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections during unprotected sexual relations is two to four times that of males'.
7655:, which has offered very high opportunities to women in public/professional life but has had a weak legal approach to the issue of 7300: 6344: 4869: 4034: 2502: 924: 277: 15949: 12579: 8516:"Gender-neutrality and gender equality: comparing and contrasting policy responses to 'domestic violence' in Finland and Scotland" 7230: 5842:, but many countries do not do that. Maternal mortality is considered today not just an issue of development but also an issue of 5068:
is lower in countries with high measures of gender equality, with the decrease arising from men being viewed less negatively. The
17609: 16902: 16401: 16353: 15831: 15453: 14983: 9906: 8779: 7723:
In 1981, Spain abolished the requirement that married women must have their husbands' permission to initiate judicial proceedings
6309:
goods and services is not uniform, overall women pay more for commodities that result in visual evidence of feminine body image.
5754:, discrimination in the work place, cultural marginalisation, poverty, sexual assault, assault, bullying, and mental trauma. The 5037: 3624: 14248: 10113: 5616:
Child marriage; female genital mutilation; physical, sexual and psychological abuse; incest; child prostitution and pornography
19825: 19030: 17589: 17546: 17406: 17346: 16602:"A/RES/48/104 – Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women – UN Documents: Gathering a body of global agreements" 10915: 5948:
systematically forced people into marriages, in order to increase the population and continue the revolution. By contrast, the
5255:
curricula tend to address gender equality issues as a very serious topic for discussion and analysis of its effect in society.
5224: 4113: 2492: 1409: 92: 13160: 10192: 8206:
For example, some countries have enacted legislation explicitly outlawing or restricting what they view as abusive clauses in
20031: 19554: 19347: 18818: 18631: 17083: 16077: 15555: 14958: 14940: 14915: 14484: 14188: 13686: 13115: 12965: 12191: 11588: 11552: 11308: 11235: 10941: 10874: 10531: 10498: 9956: 9675: 9006: 8973: 8562: 6844: 5202: 5193: 5139: 4983: 4732:(UNSRC 1325), which was adopted on 31 October 2000, deals with the rights and protection of women and girls during and after 4413:
On a global scale, achieving gender equality also requires eliminating harmful practices against women and girls, including
4158: 3952: 3731: 2048: 1894: 1096: 87: 15808: 11432:"The Nordic Paradox. Professionals' Discussions about Gender Equality and Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Sweden" 9854: 9457: 8756: 19835: 19445: 19415: 17635: 16708: 14514: 12611: 12427: 11034: 8327: 8115:
For example, studies have shown that women are charged more for services especially tailoring, hair cutting and laundering.
7349: 6949: 6029: 5143: 4572: 4380: 3984: 3845: 3793: 3788: 2507: 2017: 1947: 1257: 230: 16094: 13804: 12824: 11683: 11649:
Complexity of Women's Liberation in the Era of Westernization: Egyptian Islamic and Secular Feminists in their Own Context
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MerikĂŒll, Jaanika; MĂ”tsmees, Pille (2017-09-04). "Do you get what you ask? The gender gap in desired and realised wages".
7617:
declared that women have equal dignity but not equal rights, and this was accepted by many predominantly Muslim countries.
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In some parts of the world, various forms of violence against women are tolerated and accepted as parts of everyday life.
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A study involving predicting personality characteristics of individuals in photographs across 44 countries found that the
17: 19462: 19420: 19170: 19005: 18577: 17697: 17092:
International forum of gender experts working in support of Gender equality. Development Co-operation Directorate of the
16673: 16476:"WINning Strategies – Creating Stronger News Media Organizations by Increasing Gender Diversity (2018 update) – WAN-IFRA" 12786: 12251: 11981: 11334:"Prevalence of intimate partner violence against women in Sweden and Spain: A psychometric study of the 'Nordic paradox'" 9212: 6924: 6918: 5409:, account for the vast majority of deaths of men aged 30–59 in Europe which are often linked to unhealthy diets, stress, 4101: 3813: 3664: 3266: 2027: 2022: 1717: 1441: 1042: 16119: 15770: 11768: 5072:
is the observation that gendered differences in personality tend to be higher in countries with higher gender equality.
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that women have the same rights as men. Most occupations are now equally available to men and women, in many countries.
20536: 18170: 17905: 17900: 17760: 16007: 15010:"While Startups Increasingly Move to Portland, a New York Times Reporter Warns That There's a "Gender Problem" in Tech" 13072: 10820: 10736:"Committee of Ministers – Gender Equality Commission (GEC) – Gender Equality Strategy 2014–2017 [1183 meeting]" 9370:"High Commissioner speaks out against domestic violence and "honour killing" on occasion of International Women's Day"" 9091: 6735: 5849:
The right to reproductive and sexual autonomy is denied to women in many parts of the world, through practices such as
5337:, in cultures which link smoking to masculinity, are cited by the WHO as examples of gender norms negatively affecting 4024: 3922: 3870: 3808: 3803: 3741: 1242: 255: 235: 16150: 15483: 13438: 12267:"The European Union's new Gender Action Plan 2016–2020: gender equality and women's empowerment in external relations" 9532: 6501:
The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) states at Article 15 (4) that:
5673:
women are perpetrated by someone the woman knows, either a family member or intimate partner, rather than a stranger.
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has called for full respect and recognition of women's autonomy and sexual and reproductive health rights, stating:
6222:, including marital rape, cannot use the fact that he paid bride price as a defence to a domestic violence charge." 5688:
identifies nine forms of violence against women based on subject and context rather than life cycle or time period:
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reform in 1985 abolished the stipulation that the father had the sole power to administer the children's property.
8244:, marriage regulations stipulate that a wife must obey her husband and must not leave home without his permission. 6866:
1952 portrayal of stereotypes about women drivers, based on the stereotype that women cannot drive well. Features
6814:. Violence against a wife continues to be seen as legally acceptable in some countries; for instance in 2010, the 5972:
as a result of a sterilization program put in place by his administration targeting indigenous people (mainly the
17947: 17870: 17026: 15213: 11056: 10697: 10631: 10623: 9494: 8611: 4781:, the first legally binding instrument in Europe in the field of violence against women, came into force in 2014. 4669: 4631: 4091: 2996: 2630: 2564: 210: 155: 17115: 15576: 14023: 12013:"Backlash against international courts: Explaining the forms and patterns of resistance to international courts" 11653: 11624: 10054: 9339: 8929: 6923:
The way women are represented in the media has been criticized as perpetuating negative gender stereotypes. The
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Global education monitoring report 2022: gender report, deepening the debate on those still left behind​
8189:(EU) the policies vary significantly by country, but the EU members must abide by the minimum standards of the 7925: 7468: 6851: 6553: 6545: 6074:
punishment for marital infidelity, and such women face abuse and are pressured to "confess" to the infidelity.
5259: 4956:, the right to be bare breasted in public, frequently applies only to males and has remained a marginal issue. 4455: 4356: 3459: 3028: 2092: 1884: 1539: 1505: 1414: 882: 195: 16801: 16540: 14585: 14370:"Women's Fears and Men's Anxieties : The Impact of Family Planning on Gender Relations in Northern Ghana" 12084:"The Future of the International Criminal Court. On Critique, Legalism and Strengthening the icc's Legitimacy" 11187:"Does Gender Equality Cause Gender Differences in Values? Reassessing the Gender-Equality-Personality Paradox" 10899: 10892:"When and why do governments promote women's rights? Toward a comparative politics of states and sex equality" 10178: 8423:, marriage regulations state that a wife must obey her husband and must not leave home without his permission. 20708: 19944: 19802: 19410: 19400: 19342: 18917: 17890: 17880: 17155: 16730: 14369: 12520: 12083: 10274: 7575: 5368: 4707: 4352: 3937: 3917: 2377: 2171: 1997: 1987: 1889: 1419: 1237: 324: 225: 205: 16895:"Gender at the Heart of ICPD: The UNFPA Strategic Framework on Gender Mainstreaming and Women's Empowerment" 16663:"Hungary : Cries unheard : The failure to protect women from rape and sexual violence in the home" 13708: 8540: 5666:
A typology similar to the WHO's from an article on violence against women published in the academic journal
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The Convention of Belém do Parå and the Istanbul Convention: a response to violence against women worldwide
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in Africa, designed to promote gender equality through the media, as one of the prizes awarded annually by
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women obtained the right to vote on local issues only in 1991, when the canton was forced to do so by the
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Watts, Charlotte; Zimmerman, Cathy (6 April 2002). "Violence against women: global scope and magnitude".
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Oxfam Briefing Note: Ending violence against women the case for a comprehensive international action plan
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Fineman, Martha (2000). "Cracking the Foundational Myths: Independence, Autonomy, and Self-Sufficiency".
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and are not educated on violence prevention, mental health, and social services that could benefit them.
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Similarly, men are increasingly working in occupations which in previous generations had been considered
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EU Non-Discrimination Law in the Courts: Approaches to Sex and Sexualities, Discrimination in the EU law
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Global education monitoring report 2022: gender report, deepening the debate on those still left behind
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Reducing Maternal Mortality: The contribution of the right to the highest attainable standard of health
12845:"Supplement to the Handbook for Legislation on Violence Against Women: Harmful Practices Against Women" 10029: 8904: 8190: 7504: 7429: 7198: 7136: 5065: 4763: 4568: 4014: 3679: 3464: 3146: 2991: 2623: 2590: 2559: 2322: 2304: 1925: 1512: 800: 97: 19693: 16191: 14300: 13023: 12987: 12490: 11392: 10175:"Statement by the United Nations Working Group on discrimination against women in law and in practice" 10149: 5633:
Forced "suicide" or homicide of widows for economic reasons; sexual, physical and psychological abuse
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Controversy regarding Western cultural influence in the world is not new; in the late 1940s, when the
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policies. During the 20th century, such examples have included the aggressive natalist policies from
5759: 5576: 5511: 5390: 5360: 4125: 4019: 3629: 3419: 3099: 3085: 2544: 2212: 2085: 1737: 1517: 954: 758: 704: 13946: 13464: 13188: 9772: 9171:"Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (CETS No. 210)" 6442: 20976: 20966: 19790: 19698: 19457: 19395: 19390: 19292: 19088: 19025: 18586: 18389: 18345: 18318: 18165: 18076: 17676: 17391: 17148: 17109: 13589: 12926: 10628:"Follow-up Mechanism to the Belém do Parå Convention (MESECVI): About the Belém do Parå Convention" 9991: 9428: 8738:
United Nations. Report of the Economic and Social Council for 1997. A/52/3.18 September 1997, p 28.
8403: 8194: 7493: 6953: 6840: 6273: 6244: 5348: 4899: 4584: 4384: 3912: 3897: 3763: 3659: 2910: 2717: 2359: 2181: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1959: 1839: 1635: 1397: 1051: 843: 719: 692: 605: 505: 20778: 15997:"Women's Lives Women's Rights: Campaigning for maternal health and sexual and reproductive rights" 15484:"Attacks against girls' education occurring with "increasing regularity" – UN human rights report" 11301:
Multiple meanings of gender equality : a critical frame analysis of gender policies in Europe
10998:"Gender Equality as Smart Economics: A World Bank Group Gender Action Plan (Fiscal years 2007–10)" 8469: 6793:
Laws regulating marriage and divorce continue to discriminate against women in many countries. In
6300:
Gender biases also exist in product and service provision. The term "Women's Tax", also known as "
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Gracia, Enrique; MartĂ­n-FernĂĄndez, Manuel; Lila, Marisol; Merlo, Juan; Ivert, Anna-Karin (2019).
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Watts, Joseph (11 February 2014). "Women make up two-thirds of workers on long-term sick leave".
8344: 8257:, a religious and social practice of female seclusion prevalent among some Muslim communities in 7519: 7316: 7305: 6441:
Military and conscription has been historically generally gender inequal. Increasingly women are
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Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women
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Cite error: The named reference ":0" was defined multiple times with different content (see the
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Cite error: The named reference ":4" was defined multiple times with different content (see the
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Being the victim of a forced abortion compelled by the employer was ruled a ground of obtaining
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As of 2004–2009, former and current partners were responsible for more than 80% of all cases of
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continues to be legally restricted in some parts of the world. This restriction is often due to
5325:. Teenage boys suffering accidents due to social expectations of impressing their peers through 3296: 20919: 20808: 20713: 19959: 19750: 19719: 19405: 19105: 19020: 18870: 18798: 18733: 18711: 18701: 18676: 18666: 18229: 18098: 18054: 17997: 17835: 17753: 17564: 17556: 17499: 17371: 17341: 17124: 15544: 15366: 13869: 13497:
Duncan, Stephanie Kirchgaessner Pamela; Nardelli, Alberto; Robineau, Delphine (11 March 2016).
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Lombardo, Emanuela (1 May 2003). "EU Gender Policy: Trapped in the 'Wollstonecraft Dilemma'?".
10490: 10256: 8077: 7656: 6469:. Some clothes that women are required to wear, by law or custom, can restrict their movements. 6410: 6240: 5918: 5479: 5462: 5430: 5086: 4928: 4908: 4807: 4748: 4688: 4430: 4130: 4106: 4074: 4044: 4009: 4004: 3979: 3840: 3758: 3634: 3604: 2829: 1992: 1652: 1559: 1382: 1343: 1232: 1222: 1198: 1176: 1166: 1141: 1131: 790: 546: 434: 358: 16861: 12988:"Rape and Sexual Violence: Human rights law and standards in the international criminal court" 12741:"Prevalence and Impact of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Among an Ethnic Minority Population" 10866: 5940:
was also practiced by some authoritarian governments as a way to meet population targets: the
5579:(WHO) has developed a typology of violence against women based on their cultural life cycles. 5056:
was the last jurisdiction in Europe, and one of the last jurisdictions in the world, to grant
20981: 20971: 20859: 20849: 20793: 20688: 19870: 19672: 19601: 19475: 19195: 19155: 19145: 19100: 18949: 18902: 18860: 18521: 18481: 18192: 18155: 17416: 11915: 11738:"Italian TV programme axed after portraying Eastern European women as submissive sex objects" 10957: 9170: 8679: 8620: 8607: 8568: 8494: 8323: 7680: 7365: 7310: 7277: 7178: 7163: 6731: 6722: 6706: 6617: 6446: 6432: 6365:
has covered harassment and bias against women as well as a backlash against female equality.
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In Greece in 1983, legislation was passed guaranteeing equality between spouses, abolishing
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refers to the criticisms that are levied against the use or objectification of women in the
4512: 3389: 20879: 20783: 20668: 20643: 20363: 19714: 19540: 19317: 19272: 19242: 19225: 19215: 19063: 18983: 18971: 18907: 18880: 18762: 18681: 18661: 18611: 18466: 18182: 18130: 17819: 17802: 17792: 17421: 17361: 14846:"Changing men, changing times; fathers and sons from an experimental gender equality study" 14301:"Resolution adopted by the General Assembly : 69/XX. Child, Early and Forced Marriage" 13345:"Experiences of Violence Among Transgender Women in Puerto Rico: An Underestimated Problem" 12616: 11430:
Wemrell, Maria; Stjernlöf, Sara; Lila, Marisol; Gracia, Enrique; Ivert, Anna-Karin (2022).
11345: 10240:
World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Global Report 2017/2018​
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women are in the same position as men, ignoring the biological fact that in the process of
5155: 5014:
and Western feminism should be considered the international standard to be followed by the
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Directive 2002/73/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of European Communities
9931: 8322:, where women gained the right to vote in federal elections in 1971; but in the canton of 6449:
have been criticized for neglecting conscription as a source of formal gender inequality.
5888: 5533: 3196: 2670: 8: 20889: 20884: 20823: 20818: 20151: 19949: 19606: 19135: 19125: 19095: 19083: 19078: 18988: 18944: 18939: 18934: 18656: 18591: 18571: 18506: 18449: 18379: 18214: 18187: 18160: 18044: 17987: 17862: 17814: 17797: 17777: 17717: 17478: 17301: 14727: 14518: 14270: 11129: 11089:"BBC Radio 4 - You're Dead To Me - Six spellbinding facts about the European Witch Craze" 10842:
Odhiambo, George. "Women and higher education leadership in Kenya: a critical analysis".
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acknowledges the long tradition of European countries of ignoring this form of violence.
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Achieving balanced participation of women and men in political and public decision-making
4778: 4744: 4718: 4696: 4395: 4234: 3882: 3855: 3798: 3746: 3529: 3301: 3241: 3191: 2964: 2883: 2824: 2757: 2727: 2722: 2695: 2654: 2554: 2424: 2336: 1682: 1672: 1642: 1630: 1625: 1527: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1121: 1056: 1036: 969: 912: 870: 848: 814: 748: 500: 405: 184: 132: 122: 77: 15974: 15214:"THE CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN (CEDAW)" 14211:"UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Accelerating Change" 11842: 11349: 10547: 20813: 20541: 20420: 20298: 20012: 19322: 19312: 19302: 19287: 19282: 19267: 19220: 19200: 19175: 19140: 19130: 19110: 18924: 18850: 18803: 18778: 18752: 18616: 18444: 18281: 18202: 17845: 17625: 17401: 17366: 17276: 16783: 15941: 15288: 15071: 14904: 14870: 14650: 14494: 13987: 13660: 13377: 13344: 13233: 13176: 12778: 12402: 12228: 12152: 12144: 12105: 12032: 11525: 11368: 11333: 11276: 11167: 10733: 10483: 10404: 9753: 8102: 7785: 7743: 7631: 7387: 7183: 5831: 5445:
A map of the world showing murders per 100,000 population committed against women, 2019
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is now more commonly tolerated, especially in semi-private places such as restaurants.
4887: 4833: 4800: 4450: 3957: 3860: 3773: 3569: 3504: 3404: 2959: 2939: 2776: 2549: 2314: 2116: 1869: 1859: 1849: 1834: 1829: 1814: 1767: 1747: 1722: 1687: 1677: 1657: 1554: 1436: 1426: 1327: 1081: 907: 773: 655: 368: 329: 82: 17102:, an overview page which also links to wikiGENDER, the Gender equality project of the 17040: 16894: 14474: 13221: 5378: 4952:
Not all beliefs relating to gender equality have been popularly adopted. For example,
3221: 20854: 20501: 20156: 20141: 20106: 19780: 19611: 19511: 19368: 19247: 19210: 19205: 19185: 19180: 19150: 19115: 19068: 19058: 18929: 18855: 18845: 18838: 18828: 18728: 18721: 18696: 18686: 18671: 18538: 18511: 18296: 18276: 18261: 18244: 18135: 18125: 18061: 18027: 18012: 17746: 17446: 17326: 17235: 16787: 16199: 16158: 16073: 15855: 15551: 15306: 15063: 14954: 14936: 14929: 14911: 14874: 14654: 14480: 13664: 13652: 13382: 13364: 13225: 13111: 12770: 12495: 12406: 12232: 12187: 12156: 12109: 11800:"Women in tech: Why Bulgaria and Romania are leading in software engineering – ZDNet" 11594: 11584: 11558: 11548: 11412: 11373: 11314: 11304: 11280: 11241: 11231: 11208: 11159: 10937: 10870: 10859: 10759: 10701: 10527: 10494: 10408: 10396: 9757: 9429:"Gender equality in Arab world critical for progress and prosperity, UN report warns" 9012: 9002: 8979: 8969: 8803: 8587: 7793: 7328: 7322: 7173: 7022: 7017: 6976: 6957: 6823: 6693: 6219: 6113: 5997: 5933: 5929: 5726: 5685: 5543: 5488: 5449: 5322: 5214: 5197: 5163: 5159: 5151: 5106: 4991: 4924: 4785: 4774: 4608: 4439: 4407: 4391: 4376: 4276: 3549: 3306: 3236: 3211: 3201: 3181: 3001: 2888: 2819: 2781: 2452: 2373: 2263: 2166: 1930: 1794: 1757: 1752: 1732: 1727: 1697: 1662: 1615: 1605: 1569: 1564: 1549: 1544: 1458: 1193: 1186: 1161: 1151: 1136: 1001: 974: 860: 819: 795: 670: 650: 637: 598: 593: 588: 561: 461: 36: 15075: 14240: 13237: 12140: 12036: 11581:
Women's movements of the world : an international directory and reference guide
11529: 11408: 11171: 11030: 9987:"Married Women's Status Bill, 1956—Second Stage: Minister for Justice (Mr. Everett)" 5952:
of China (1979–2015) included punishments for families with more than one child and
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services, and strategies to promote gender equality and stop violence against women.
4338:, is the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of 20940: 20894: 20869: 20844: 20516: 20373: 19667: 19332: 19327: 19237: 19165: 19160: 19120: 19073: 19048: 18993: 18887: 18783: 18716: 18601: 18566: 18486: 18406: 18374: 18335: 18308: 18271: 18207: 18177: 18113: 18108: 18086: 18066: 18007: 17992: 17840: 17431: 17376: 16775: 16633:"Study: Most Bedouin Victims of Domestic Violence Believe It's a 'Decree From God'" 16461:
World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Global Report 2017/2018
16283: 16098: 15298: 15055: 14924: 14862: 14642: 13739:"Femicide and Impunity in Mexico: A context of structural and generalized violence" 13642: 13372: 13356: 13217: 13150: 12957: 12782: 12760: 12752: 12394: 12220: 12179: 12136: 12095: 12024: 11948: 11888: 11517: 11443: 11404: 11363: 11353: 11268: 11198: 11149: 11141: 10930: 10519: 10388: 9745: 8532: 8523: 8478: 8339: 8228: 7968: 7571: 7487: 7282: 7235: 6787: 6584: 6530: 6373: 6372:
A key issue towards insuring gender equality in the workplace is the respecting of
6017: 5961: 5949: 5786: 5751: 5648:)". In addition, the UN General Assembly resolution also designated 25 November as 5126: 5027: 5015: 4940: 4779:
Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence
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Man's dominion : religion and the eclipse of women's rights in world politics
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These practices infringe on the right of achieving reproductive and sexual health.
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Durbin, Susan (2010). "Gender inequality in employment: Editors' introduction".
12353:"Engaging Men and Boys: A Brief Summary of UNFPA Experience and Lessons Learned" 12183: 11272: 6745:, which gave sole control of marital property to the husband, unconstitutional. 6457: 5892:
Placard showing negative effects of lack of family planning and having too many
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Sex-selective abortion; effects of battering during pregnancy on birth outcomes
27:
Equal access for all genders to rights, resources, opportunities and protections
20945: 20924: 20899: 20874: 20798: 20673: 20633: 20562: 20383: 20121: 20023: 19885: 19875: 19657: 19632: 19596: 19468: 19307: 18757: 18606: 18418: 18369: 18219: 18103: 17483: 17473: 17058: 16505:"Help is available if you or someone you know is a victim of Domestic Violence" 14614:
Civil rights – gender discrimination: California prohibits gender-based pricing
13314:"Murdered, Suffocated and Burned Alive - 350 Transgender People Killed in 2020" 13156: 13146: 12739:
Hellemans, Sabine; Loeys, Tom; Buysse, Ann; De Smet, Olivia (1 November 2015).
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Amnesty International submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review, May 2011.
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women. In a 2014 survey, 27% of Indians admitted to practicing untouchability.
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on those legal systems. There has been controversy surrounding the concepts of
5102: 5082: 4882:
A highly contentious issue relating to gender equality is the role of women in
4733: 4635: 4612: 4360: 4256: 4229: 4224: 4197: 4153: 3499: 3434: 3286: 3261: 3226: 3176: 3116: 3043: 2944: 2905: 2895: 2769: 2737: 2447: 1854: 1297: 1262: 1071: 877: 829: 623: 583: 466: 16662: 16287: 14646: 13983:"Biggest caste survey: One in four Indians admit to practising untouchability" 12740: 12224: 12100: 12028: 11989: 11057:"Third World Critiques of Western Feminist Theory in the Post-Development Era" 10090:
Women and Politics in Contemporary Ireland: From the Margins to the Mainstream
9749: 7967:
Submission of Interights to the European Court of Human Rights in the case of
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mortality and lower fertility, as well as better outcomes for their children.
6518: 6495: 6484: 6362: 6292:
A government video: Why substantive equality is important in local government
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in ways incompatible with genuine justice for women who experience violence.
5993: 5977: 5110: 4883: 4752: 4403: 4372: 4212: 3534: 3494: 3424: 3394: 3361: 3356: 3336: 3216: 3141: 3053: 2916: 2732: 2364: 1156: 1116: 1111: 1021: 763: 726: 351: 346: 14866: 12209:"Western centrism, contemporary international law, and international courts" 12125:"Assessing the Effectiveness of International Courts: A Goal-Based Approach" 9304:"Valuing Women as Autonomous Beings: Women's sexual and reproductive rights" 9087: 6249: 5564:
Violence against women may be classified according to different approaches.
4529:, an evangelical group, which practiced segregation of the sexes and strict 52: 20909: 20623: 20613: 20521: 20333: 20235: 20210: 20166: 18865: 18767: 18706: 18641: 18636: 18596: 18546: 18313: 18291: 18150: 18145: 18071: 18037: 17436: 17311: 16033:"Left without a choice : Barriers to reproductive health in Indonesia" 15336: 13386: 13229: 12774: 12765: 12069:"UN Human Rights Committee Condemns "Burqa Ban," Countering European Court" 11416: 11377: 11296: 11163: 10523: 10478: 10364: 10270: 10252: 10230: 8536: 8278: 8160: 7821: 7777: 7627: 7601: 7593: 7509: 7208: 6902: 6689: 5913: 5866: 5843: 5808: 5548: 5472: 5375:
estimated in 2016 that 200 million women have undergone the procedure.
5171: 4987: 4646: 4596: 4364: 4246: 3579: 3554: 3484: 3331: 3161: 3151: 2954: 2416: 2285: 2280: 2249: 2132: 1377: 1307: 1171: 1106: 1101: 1061: 1011: 768: 687: 665: 566: 441: 314: 20546: 20293: 20183: 16601: 14339: 14119:"Breast Ironing... A Harmful Practice That Has Been Silenced For Too Long" 12468: 11953: 11936: 10514:
de Pizan, Christine (2001), "From The Book of the City of Ladies (1404)",
9061: 7093: 6761:, such as a requirement that the husband consents to the wife's acquiring 5491:) as well as violence related to marriage customs and traditions (such as 5300: 4628:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
20678: 20433: 20328: 20288: 20200: 20178: 20161: 20111: 19895: 19880: 19677: 19662: 19647: 18140: 18049: 17386: 17245: 17240: 17204: 17054: 16766:
Booth, C.; Bennett (2002). "Gender Mainstreaming in the European Union".
16151:"Crackdown in Turkey Threatens a Haven of Gender Equality Built by Kurds" 15249:
Michalowski, Helen (May 1982). "Five feminist principles and the draft".
13342: 11896: 11303:. New York: Central European University Press Budapest. pp. 79–108. 10588: 9770: 8319: 8266: 8258: 8039: 8011: 7524: 7048: 7043:
of assessing the different implications for women and men of any planned
6906: 6898: 6886: 6875: 6867: 6710: 6701: 6656: 6462: 6337: 6210: 6205: 6078: 5941: 5746: 5732: 5496: 5418: 5414: 5330: 5314: 5114: 5093: 4829: 4564: 4539: 3564: 3366: 3351: 3326: 3121: 3106: 3013: 2866: 2814: 2439: 2407: 2402: 2354: 2156: 780: 571: 20343: 15606: 15405: 13947:"CASTE DISCRIMINATION AGAINST DALITS OR SO-CALLED UNTOUCHABLES IN INDIA" 12330: 11982:"Why I Am A Feminist : An Interview with Simone de Beauvoir (1975)" 11521: 9701:"Yemen's Dark Side: Discrimination and violence against women and girls" 6196:
girls a year, starting in 2021 until 2030, if present trends continue."
4533:, were early practitioners of gender equality. They branched off from a 4283: 20770: 20572: 20464: 20428: 20378: 20308: 20283: 20220: 19985: 19865: 19745: 18793: 18551: 17200: 15665: 15522: 13558: 13283:"State of democracy, human rights and the rule of law in Europe (2014)" 13204: 11145: 10456: 9736:
Papanek, Hanna (1973). "Purdah: Separate Worlds and Symbolic Shelter".
9247: 8482: 8399: 8211: 8061: 7514: 7271: 7256: 6928: 6894: 6881: 6783: 6677: 6632:
A world map showing countries governmental participation by women, 2010
6269: 6082: 5876: 5668: 5318: 5098: 4953: 4865: 4853: 4202: 4168: 4163: 3833: 3346: 3136: 3111: 3018: 2871: 2851: 2662: 2392: 2244: 1337: 1322: 1016: 17135: 15692:"Equality in family relations: recognizing women's rights to property" 12708:"Violence Against Women: A National Crime Victimization Survey Report" 11706:"Swiss suffragettes were still fighting for the right to vote in 1971" 11154: 11114:"Appenzell Inner Rhodes: The last Swiss canton to give women the vote" 10708:
and Permanent Mission of Argentina to the United Nations. March 2014.
9487: 7415:, an organization that opposes gender discrimination within the church 6862: 6786:, the practice has been common until the mid-20th century in parts of 6709:, who narrowly voted in favor with 54.7% of voters approving). In the 6670: 5441: 4571:, particularly in relation to their marital status. (See for example, 4563:
In wider society, the movement towards gender equality began with the
20474: 20323: 20313: 20173: 20116: 19964: 19563: 18788: 18384: 15568: 15184:"HRW calls on Indonesia to scrap 'virginity tests' for female police" 12398: 11476:"Nordic countries do not define rape on the basis of lack of consent" 8966:
Secular and Islamic feminist critiques in the work of Fatima Mernissi
8650:"Ny voldtĂŠgtslovgivning er en sejr for danske kvinders retssikkerhed" 8069: 7930:
gender-based violence which is a form of discrimination against women
7781: 7261: 7213: 7188: 6749: 6739: 6480: 6129: 5467: 5232: 5175: 4936: 4857: 4725:
adopted to promulgate a set of principles concerning gender equality.
4271: 4069: 3271: 2791: 2397: 2124: 1317: 1312: 390: 15832:"The Long Way to Women's Right to Vote in Switzerland: a Chronology" 15042:
Ward, Jodie; Johnson, Rebecca N.; Wilson-Wilde, Linzi (2019-07-29).
14632: 12612:"Countries where men hold the power are really bad for men's health" 10331:"Promoting Gender Equality: An Equity-based Approach to Programming" 9907:"The Long Way to Women's Right to Vote in Switzerland: a Chronology" 8780:"The Long Way to Women's Right to Vote in Switzerland: a Chronology" 6938: 5364: 4877:
non-automatic taking by a woman of her husband's surname on marriage
20729: 20683: 20648: 20393: 20256: 20188: 19969: 19931: 19724: 18833: 18626: 18496: 18239: 17769: 16435:
African Development Bank – Building today, a better Africa tomorrow
15293: 14577: 13213: 13061:
Violence against women: Definition and scope of the problem, 1, 1-3
12584: 12388: 11462:"'The world's best place to be a woman' is being sued for misogyny" 11185:
Fors Connolly, Filip; Goossen, Mikael; Hjerm, Mikael (2020-07-01).
10891: 10815: 10781:"Strong global support for gender equality, especially among women" 10301:"Gender Equality, what does it mean ? – EgalitĂ© Femmes/Hommes" 10278: 10114:"Should women change their names after marriage? Ask a Greek woman" 8262: 8215: 8089: 7876: 7864: 7829: 7773: 7529: 7474: 7377: 6995: 6819: 6771: 6766: 6396: 6301: 6261: 6214: 6101: 5989: 5965: 5945: 5925: 5901: 5825: 5406: 5342: 5276:
Even though more than 75 percent of agricultural policies that the
5006: 4935:
the level of gender equality that they have achieved. According to
4604: 4530: 4418: 4207: 4180: 4084: 3875: 3126: 2969: 2600: 2254: 2230: 1091: 959: 522: 44: 17140: 14976:"Push for Gender Equality in Tech? Some Men Say It's Gone Too Far" 13499:"Seven in 10 Italian gynaecologists refuse to carry out abortions" 13195: 11872:
Association, The Executive Board, American Anthr (December 1947).
11028: 8465:"The paradoxical approach to intimate partner violence in Finland" 6998:, with the intention of providing blueprints for others to follow. 6583:
Map showing countries which since independence have had (counting
6388:. Another important issue is ensuring that employed women are not 6012: 5988:
Human rights organizations have expressed concern about the legal
5716:'Failure to respect freedom of choice with regard to reproduction' 5010:
There is controversy with regard to ideologies according to which
4710:, called for the end of violence and discrimination against women. 20761: 20511: 20506: 20484: 20358: 20318: 20303: 20193: 18002: 14801: 14728:"Women's solutions stories create a world where everyone thrives" 13592:
Memorandum: Charging Forced Marriage as a Crime Against Humanity,
13402:"A National Epidemic: Fatal Anti-Transgender Violence in America" 11985: 11676:"Non! Nein! No! A Country That Wouldn't Let Women Vote Till 1971" 10261:, 70, Global Education Monitoring Report Team, UNESCO. UNESCO. 8382: 8349: 8270: 8073: 8064:
that deny equality of opportunity to women were warned in a 2008
7825: 7672: 7660: 7652: 7444:, an organization to help girls, worldwide, toward ending poverty 7056: 6987: 6775:, with the authorization of the husband being asked in practice. 6660: 6390: 6268:
Promoting gender equality is seen as an encouragement to greater
6105: 5334: 5228: 5131: 4982:. Gender equality is one of the objectives of the United Nations 4974:
It is the vision that men and women should be treated equally in
4845: 4658: 4526: 4468: 4453:, an early advocate for gender equality, states in her 1405 book 3316: 2922: 2856: 753: 19816: 17064: 16571:"Eight Point Agenda for Women's Empowerment and Gender Equality" 15891: 15264:
Neudel, Marian Henriquez (July 1983). "Feminism and the Draft".
13252: 12554:. New York: United Nations Children's Fund. 2016. Archived from 11393:"Intimate partner violence against women and the Nordic paradox" 7714:, and ending legal discrimination against illegitimate children. 6850:
A movement in northern Syria, also Kurdish, has been led by the
5924:
Family planning is often opposed by governments who have strong
5536:, a form of rape specific to certain cultures, particularly the 20459: 20388: 20353: 20266: 20261: 20225: 20126: 20101: 20078: 17426: 17220: 16989: 16120:"Court in UAE says beating wife, child OK if no marks are left" 15829: 14475:
Stange, Mary Zeiss, and Carol K. Oyster, Jane E. Sloan (2011).
14083:"The impact of harmful traditional practices on the girl child" 13834: 13152:
International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women
12823:. Research Notes: Armed Violence. February 2012. Archived from 11331: 10857:
Featherstone, Brid; Rivett, Mark; Scourfield, Jonathan (2007).
10622: 8395: 8254: 7872: 7868: 7597: 7203: 7044: 6991: 6652: 6562: 6144: 6133: 6038:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
5984:
Investigation and prosecution of crimes against women and girls
5897: 5650:
International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women
5394: 5310: 4875:
Another manifestation of the change in social attitudes is the
4861: 4654: 4534: 4345: 4339: 2986: 14611: 14047:"Violation of Women's Rights by Harmful Traditional Practices" 12580:"Gender equality could help men in Europe live longer: report" 7464:
Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development (Malaysia)
6752:, until 1983 a husband had to authorize an application for an 20531: 20271: 20230: 20091: 17186: 17099: 17084:
Gender issue -Significance in Watershed Management Programmes
13107: 12880:"Many Voices One Message: Stop Violence Against Women in PNG" 12334: 11829:
Transmediterranean: Diasporas, Histories, Geopolitical Spaces
10734:
Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers, CM document (CM).
9611:"Professional, private and family life – European Commission" 8420: 8274: 8241: 7982: 7711: 7592:
For example, many countries now permit women to serve in the
7076: 7060: 6779: 6541: 6466: 6380:
of women. Different countries have different rules regarding
6192: 6140: 6077:
Tribal traditions can be harmful to males; for instance, the
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launched free healthcare for pregnant and breastfeeding women
5799:
Global maternal mortality rate per 100,000 live births (2010)
5645: 5608:
Female infanticide; physical, sexual and psychological abuse
5492: 5433:
more often than women, which could result in fatal injuries.
5266: 5239:. In 2015 the EU published the Gender Action Plan 2016–2020. 5189: 5185: 4904: 4684: 4434: 19532: 16731:"Women and health : today's evidence tomorrow's agenda" 16250:"How Does Gender Bias Really Affect Women in the Workplace?" 13631:"Low fertility and concurrent birth control policy in China" 12011:
Madsen, Mikael Rask; Cebulak, Pola; Wiebusch, Micha (2018).
11293: 10856: 10568:
Sisters in the Faith: Shaker Women and Equality of the Sexes
7570:
Including female representatives of heads of state, such as
7477:, United Nations entity working for the empowerment of women 7340:
European charter for equality of women and men in local life
6948:
for foreign reporting and only 17 per cent of awards of the
6624:) have also had a female Head of State or Head of Government 5838:
states that countries have an obligation to protect women's
5766: 5382:
Map of countries by fertility rate (2020), according to the
20338: 20096: 17738: 17255: 17195: 14548:"What we do: Economic empowerment: UN Women – Headquarters" 12738: 6794: 5957: 5326: 4978:, economic and all other aspects of society, and to not be 4849: 2345: 16927:. Oficina Nacional de Gobierno Electrónico e Informática. 15722:"Women's land rights are human rights, says new UN report" 15324:
Liberating Women's History:Theoretical and Critical Essays
15090:"Modern workplaces, maternity rights, and gender equality" 13255:. Council of Europe Equality Division. pp. 7, 8, 11. 11491:"Violence against women: What the EU-wide survey tells us" 11429: 11126: 10280:
The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview​
9458:"Germany's persistently low birthrate gets marginal boost" 9062:"Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women" 8564:
Case closed: rape and human rights in the Nordic countries
7675:
received harsh criticism for inadequate laws in regard to
7659:, with the situation in this country having been called a 7219:
Special measures for gender equality in the United Nations
6688:
giving legal authority to the husband, as well as through
4970:
Special measures for gender equality in the United Nations
4623:
was adopted in 1960, and came into force in 1962 and 1968.
4363:; gender equality has not incorporated the proposition of 20479: 20086: 17639: 17191: 17182: 16703: 15660: 13709:"Impunity for violence against women is a global concern" 13559:"Family planning: UNFPA – United Nations Population Fund" 12680: 11184: 10811:"Why should women change their names on getting married?" 10665:. EUR-Lex Access to European Union law. 9 February 1976. 9829: 9248:"Maternal health: UNFPA – United Nations Population Fund" 7549: 6483:
of women within the home was a common practice among the
6327: 5454: 17618: 17122:
Center for Development and Population Activities (CEDPA)
17121: 16350:"The Myriad: Westminster's Interactive Academic Journal" 15875:
The Economics of Imperfect Labor Markets: Second Edition
15752:"RESOLUTION (78) 37 ON EQUALITY OF SPOUSES IN CIVIL LAW" 13287:
Report by the Secretary General of the Council of Europe
12676:"Men's health and well-being in the WHO European Region" 12644:"Gender Inequality Is Bad for Men's Health, Report Says" 11937:"Gender and democratic citizenship: the impact of CEDAW" 11507: 10918:, Annual Meeting, Chicago, 29 August – 2 September 2007. 10255:
work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Text taken from
7851:
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
7013:
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
6610: Female head of state and female head of government 6426: 5642:
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
5295: 5040:. The book was written by the German Catholic clergyman 4986:. World bodies have defined gender equality in terms of 4666:
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
15041: 14045:
Wadesango, Newman; Rembe, Symphorosa; Chabaya, Owence.
13870:"National Gender Based Violence & Health Programme" 13529:"Doctors' Refusal to Perform Abortions Divides Croatia" 13472:. United Nations Population Fund: University of Essex. 10485:
The Real Wealth of Nations: Creating a Caring Economics
9899: 9278:"Sexual and reproductive rights under threat worldwide" 5917:
pharmacists and other social and medical workers being
4607:
have created a general movement towards recognition of
17287:
Gender neutrality in languages with grammatical gender
17094:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
15754:. Council of Europe. 27 September 1978. Archived from 15454:"Progress and Obstacles to Girls' Education in Africa" 13805:"Central America: Femicides and Gender-Based Violence" 13496: 12296:"Strategy for Gender Equality in Kazakhstan 2006–2016" 9642:"Private Law and Fundamental Rights: a sceptical view" 8824:"AROUND THE WORLD; Greece Approves Family Law Changes" 6698:
Resolution (78) 37 on equality of spouses in civil law
6276:
is a common measure of gender equality in an economy.
6028:
FGM in Africa, Iraqi Kurdistan and Yemen, as of 2015 (
5861:), criminalization of consensual sexual acts (such as 5822:
International Conference on Population and Development
4681:
International Conference on Population and Development
4351:
As of 2017, gender equality is the fifth of seventeen
15428:"Global Campaign For Education United States Chapter" 13462: 12549:"Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Global Concern" 12010: 11652:(Thesis). University of San Francisco. Archived from 8606: 7134: 6159: 4638:
for women, which came into force on 3 September 1981.
17852:
Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)
15769:
Times, Special to the New York (23 September 1985).
14578:"Roadmap for Promoting Women's Economic Empowerment" 11054: 9032:"Common Ground for Europeans and Muslims Among Them" 7459:
Ministry of Integration and Gender Equality (Sweden)
6422:
Effect of parental leave policies on gender equality
4591:
Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)
4394:
based on gender or refer to equal representation or
4390:
Gender equality can refer to equal opportunities or
17053:, on the relationship between gender equality, the 16990:UN Protocol and Liaison Service (August 24, 2016). 16832:"II. The Origins of Gender Mainstreaming in the EU" 15569:"Women in Parliaments: World and Regional Averages" 15044:"Gender equity: how do the forensic sciences fare?" 14951:
Love Between Equals: How Peer Marriage Really Works
13864: 13862: 13860: 10570:(Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2011). 10019:"Modern & Contemporary France: Women in France" 9558:"LMF1.6: Gender differences in employment Outcomes" 9340:"Giving Special Attention to Girls and Adolescents" 8080:
in the face of relatively underdeveloped economies.
6984:
World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers
6671:
Marriage, divorce and property laws and regulations
6644:In some Western countries women have only recently 6568: 5710:'Violence in conflict and post-conflict situations' 5166:can worsen the situation of women, because the law 3615:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
16369:"The Thing All Women Do That You Don't Know About" 14931:Halving It All: How Equally Shared Parenting Works 14928: 14903: 12390:The status of women in agrifood systems - Overview 11979: 11736: 10929: 10518:, University of Pittsburgh Press, pp. 33–42, 10482: 9695: 9693: 8555: 8553: 7002: 6912: 5964:(in office from 1990 to 2000) has been accused of 4980:discriminated against on the basis of their gender 19955:Boys are stupid, throw rocks at them! controversy 17515:International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) 16092: 15888:"Dutch gender and LGBT-equality policy 2013–2016" 15278: 15001: 14044: 10844:Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 10706:Permanent Mission of France to the United Nations 8898:"Modern and Contemporary France: Women in France" 7642:to the priesthood may be restricted or forbidden. 6939:Statistics on women's representation in the media 6810:; and in Lesotho it was abolished in 2006 by the 5692:'Violence within the family or domestic violence' 5313:(that is, cultural ideals of socially acceptable 20958: 20053: 16335: 16333: 15543:Global Education Monitoring Report Team (2022). 14699:"Expanding Women's Access to Financial Services" 14477:Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World, Volume 1 13857: 10378: 9773:"Afghan Girls Suffer for Sins of Male Relatives" 9030:Rheault, Magali; Mogahed, Dalia (May 28, 2008). 6604: Female head of state/government (combined) 6234: 6007: 5996:. In particular, there is impunity in regard to 16402:"Why Don't Female Journalists Win More Awards?" 15599:"Women and Political Participation: resolution" 15148:"Details of indicators for labour exploitation" 14542: 14540: 13244: 9771:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 9690: 9311:University of Pretoria, Centre for Human Rights 8710:"Straffeloven – BekendtgĂžrelse af straffeloven" 8550: 8404:changing their surnames to that of the husbands 7425:Equal Opportunities Commission (United Kingdom) 7419:Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality 7400: 6969:UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize 5883: 5869:, violence in regard to the choice of partner ( 5834:is a major problem in many parts of the world. 5720: 5245:Personal, social, health and economic education 5030:ideology responsible for persecution of women: 4943:"gender policy is not one issue but many" and: 4730:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 16889: 16887: 14672:"Bridging the Gender Gap in Access to Finance" 14334: 14332: 13250: 13201: 12839: 12837: 12543: 12541: 12455: 12453: 11617:"Thousands of Women Killed for Family "Honor"" 9213:"World report on violence and health: summary" 9029: 8867:"Women Business and the Law 2014 Key Findings" 8499:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 ( 7615:the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam 6806:; in Botswana it was abolished in 2004 by the 5208: 4621:Convention against Discrimination in Education 20745: 20039: 19548: 17754: 17156: 16330: 14967: 14437: 13905: 13903: 13901: 13899: 13897: 13895: 13463:Hunt, Paul; Mezquita de Bueno, Julia (2010). 13431:"Country Comparison: Maternal Mortality Rate" 12172:"Humanitarian Intervention as Neocolonialism" 12051:"European Court upholds French full veil ban" 11623:. National Geographic Society. Archived from 10598:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 10590:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 9957:"The Subjection of Women by John Stuart Mill" 9909:. History-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch. 9877:"Gender balance in decision-making positions" 9802:"Vani: Pain of child marriage in our society" 9168: 7742:In 2002, Widney Brown, advocacy director for 6524: 4812:Guaranteeing Equal Access of Women to Justice 4308: 3640:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties 3610:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe 2631: 2093: 20704:Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures 16765: 16185: 16183: 15860:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 15363:"CEDAW 29th Session 30 June to 25 July 2003" 14537: 14499:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 14155:"Exchange on HIV/AIDS, Sexuality and Gender" 12247:"Sexual abuse by UN and non-UN peacekeepers" 11920:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 11488: 10764:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 10594:"Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action" 10443: 10441: 10439: 10425:Journal of Gender, Social Policy and the Law 10374: 10372: 10269: This article incorporates text from a 10251: This article incorporates text from a 10229: This article incorporates text from a 10193:"Decriminalization of adultery and defenses" 9844: 8808:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 8592:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6834: 6802:of the husband was abolished in 1996 by the 6587:as heads of state, but excluding monarchs): 6229: 6119: 6092:Other harmful traditional practices include 4927:has made many strides which resulted in the 4757:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 4634:. It has been described as an international 17317:Gender-specific and gender-neutral pronouns 17282:Gender-specific and gender-neutral pronouns 17051:United Nations Rule of Law: Gender Equality 16884: 16072:. Discovery Publishing House. p. 161. 15626: 15624: 15248: 14612:Harvard Law Review Association (May 1996), 14329: 12958:"Libya rape victims 'face honour killings'" 12834: 12538: 12515: 12513: 12450: 12169: 11941:International Journal of Constitutional Law 11871: 11610: 11608: 11390: 11029:United Nations Millennium Campaign (2008). 9979: 20752: 20738: 20046: 20032: 19555: 19541: 18517:African-American women's suffrage movement 17761: 17747: 17163: 17149: 15326:, edited by Berenice A. Carroll, pp. 161–2 15119:"Law n. 202/2002, Art. 10 (4) and Art. 37" 13892: 13629:Jiang, Quanbao; Liu, Yixiao (2016-10-01). 13096: 10995: 10889: 10861:Working with men in health and social care 10808: 10778: 10552:. New York: D. Appleton & Co. p.  9845:Hashmi, Anwar; Koukab, Rifat (July 2004). 9738:Comparative Studies in Society and History 9644:. University of Maastricht. Archived from 8513: 7454:International Center for Research on Women 5678:Council of Europe's nine forms of violence 4661:. Women's rights are addressed at para 18. 4643:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 4553:and of the male to the female in her order 4315: 4301: 2638: 2624: 2100: 2086: 980:African-American women's suffrage movement 17636:Equality and Human Rights Commission (UK) 17292:Gender neutrality in genderless languages 16180: 16142: 15836:History-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch 15771:"SWISS GRANT WOMEN EQUAL MARRIAGE RIGHTS" 15654: 15398:"Global issues affecting women and girls" 15292: 14840: 14507: 14013: 13835:"Progress of the World's Women 2015–2016" 13646: 13376: 13097:Rosche, Daniela; Dawe, Alexandra (2013). 12764: 12099: 11952: 11645: 11583:. 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Licensed under CC BY SA 3.0 IGO ( 9729: 9280:. Amnesty International. March 6, 2014. 7768:Forms of violence against women include 7564: 7301:2009 Danish Act of Succession referendum 6861: 6663:'s Lower House of Parliament. (See also 6627: 6578: 6456: 6345:Shared earning/shared parenting marriage 6278: 6256:in average gross hourly earnings in the 6248: 6168:Poster against child and forced marriage 6163: 6123: 6023: 6011: 5887: 5802: 5794: 5701:'Violence in institutional environments' 5466: 5448: 5440: 5377: 5347: 5299: 5235:to promote gender equality and to fight 5047: 5021: 5005: 4892: 4886:. Some Christians or Muslims believe in 4870:Shared earning/shared parenting marriage 4649:declaration adopted by consensus at the 925:Discrimination against transgender women 17334: 17118:Project based in Palo Alto, California. 16399: 16095:"The Law and Legal Research in Lesotho" 15971:"The History of Passports in Australia" 15048:Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences 14923: 14895: 14722: 14720: 14718: 14693: 14691: 14666: 14664: 13311: 13277: 13251:Hagemann-White, Carol (February 2014). 12887:Activist Toolkit, Amnesty International 12705: 12288: 12259: 12206: 12081: 12017:International Journal of Law in Context 11734: 11578: 10958:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 10421: 10328: 10243:, 202, University of Oxford, UNESCO. 9838: 9735: 8996: 8777: 8410:their birth names for their whole life. 7481: 7028: 3625:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats 14: 20959: 17407:Gender inequality in the United States 16931:from the original on September 3, 2016 16872:from the original on 20 September 2018 16630: 16273: 15877:, by Tito Boeri, Jan van Ours, pp. 105 15434:from the original on 16 September 2018 15263: 15007: 14973: 14901: 14750: 14607: 14605: 14603: 14525:from the original on December 19, 2017 13927:from the original on 10 September 2019 13458: 13456: 13324:from the original on February 19, 2022 12955: 12937:from the original on 21 September 2013 12808: 12806: 12804: 11773:Grant Thornton International Ltd. Home 11614: 11545:An introduction to feminist philosophy 11542: 11225: 11033:. United Nations Millennium Campaign. 10927: 10916:American Political Science Association 10890:Htun, Mala; Weldon, S. Laurel (2007). 10809:Coulombeau, Sophie (1 November 2014). 10489:. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. p.  10477: 10338:Operational Guidance Overview in Brief 9999:from the original on 26 September 2015 9967:from the original on 18 September 2015 9857:from the original on November 17, 2018 9301: 9181:from the original on 23 September 2015 9042:from the original on September 7, 2008 8462: 7934:a form of discrimination against women 6452: 6328:Gendered arrangements of work and care 5684:The Gender Equality Commission of the 5429:tend to take more risks and engage in 5225:European Institute for Gender Equality 4856:. In domestic situations, the role of 4792:, which has five strategic objectives: 20733: 20027: 19536: 18809:Post-structuralist discourse analysis 18077:Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary 17742: 17144: 17004:from the original on November 3, 2021 16955:"ConstituciĂłn PolĂ­tica del PerĂș 1993" 16747:from the original on 25 November 2018 16643:from the original on 15 November 2017 16541:"Know your rights – get your rights!" 16367:Kelly, Gretchen (November 23, 2015). 16366: 16318:from the original on 18 November 2017 16239: 16130:from the original on 15 November 2017 15842:from the original on 21 November 2019 15830:Markus G. Jud, Lucerne, Switzerland. 15781:from the original on 11 November 2020 15768: 15732:from the original on 22 December 2017 15272: 15194:from the original on 15 November 2017 14974:Bowles, Nellie (September 23, 2017). 14251:from the original on 7 September 2018 14135:from the original on 26 February 2015 13995:from the original on 18 December 2017 13163:from the original on 13 February 2021 13078:from the original on 30 November 2018 12656:from the original on February 7, 2019 12624:from the original on February 7, 2019 12592:from the original on February 7, 2019 12383: 12381: 12379: 12377: 12357:UNFPA: United Nations Population Fund 12129:American Journal of International Law 12122: 11980:Philosophy Matters (9 January 2017). 11934: 11797: 11716:from the original on 15 November 2017 11615:Mayell, Hillary (February 12, 2002). 11569: 11391:Gracia, Enrique; Merlo, Juan (2016). 11062:. The University of Texas at Austin. 11055:Javier Pereira Bruno (January 2006). 10986: 10967:. United Nations. December 16, 1948. 10932:Social Change (Sociology and society) 10545: 10322: 9887:from the original on 17 November 2017 9678:from the original on 15 November 2017 9639: 9621:from the original on 22 November 2017 9592: 9522:"Martindale Center – Lehigh Business" 9468:from the original on 15 November 2017 9258:from the original on 29 November 2020 9200:Toward a Feminist Theory of the State 8963: 8939:. Commission on European Family Law. 8816: 8790:from the original on 21 November 2019 8778:Switzerland, Markus G. Jud, Lucerne. 8720:from the original on 15 December 2018 8485:(inactive 2024-08-29). Archived from 7788:, the latter often in the context of 7555: 7438:, a metric used by the United Nations 7432:, a metric used by the United Nations 7063:. The idea has been developed in the 6857: 6705:been approved in 1985 by voters in a 6433:Conscription § Drafting of women 6427:Gendered arrangements of conscription 5475:was practiced for centuries in China. 5296:Effect of gender inequality on health 5203:child sexual abuse by UN peacekeepers 5194:United Nations Human Rights Committee 5140:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 4984:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 4410:, and often requires policy changes. 20759: 16960:. Government of Peru. Archived from 16812:from the original on 21 October 2018 16802:"Definition of Gender Mainstreaming" 16711:from the original on 26 October 2017 16679:from the original on 20 October 2017 16599: 16521:from the original on 8 November 2018 16452: 16381:from the original on 20 October 2017 15632:"Gender Equality Strategy 2014–2017" 15343:from the original on 5 November 2017 15230:from the original on 20 October 2017 15164:from the original on 20 October 2017 14715: 14688: 14661: 14317:from the original on 20 October 2017 14063:from the original on 24 October 2018 13880:from the original on 8 December 2014 13785:from the original on 7 December 2017 13610:from the original on 20 October 2017 13423: 13399: 13312:Wareham, Jamie (November 11, 2020). 12720:from the original on August 10, 2019 11843:"What Gender Is Science? – Contexts" 11840: 11831:, edited by Joseph Pugliese pg.60–61 11810:from the original on 5 November 2017 11022: 10841: 10669:from the original on 4 February 2014 10273:work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 ( 10111: 9400:"Violence Against Women Information" 9094:from the original on 20 October 2014 9001:. Louisiana State University Press. 8328:Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland 8159:In Ireland, until 1973, there was a 8038:High Commissioner for Human Rights, 7350:Gender Equity Education Act (Taiwan) 7087: 6950:Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism 5359:Certain cultural practices, such as 5284: 5144:American Anthropological Association 4917:cultural preference for a male child 4381:United Nations Development Programme 17170: 16905:from the original on 17 August 2015 16768:European Journal of Women's Studies 16093:Buhle Angelo Dube (February 2008). 16067: 15922:from the original on 5 October 2015 15702:from the original on 10 August 2018 15020:from the original on March 12, 2021 14949:Schwartz, Pepper (September 1995). 14617: 14600: 14588:from the original on 7 October 2018 14558:from the original on 25 August 2017 14014:Backshall, Steve (6 January 2008). 13719:from the original on 10 August 2018 13590:"Documentation Center of Cambodia, 13453: 13054: 12801: 12411: 12252:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 12213:Leiden Journal of International Law 11261:European Journal of Women's Studies 11134:International Journal of Psychology 10974:from the original on March 28, 2019 10914:Paper prepared for delivery at the 10203:from the original on 8 January 2016 10071:from the original on 11 August 2014 9668:"US asylum rule on forced abortion" 9202:, by Catharine A. MacKinnon, pp 174 9064:. United Nations General Assembly. 8927: 8680:"Slut med "konerabat" for voldtĂŠgt" 8304:The Council of Europe states that: 8010:High Commissioner for Human Rights 6925:exploitation of women in mass media 6919:Exploitation of women in mass media 4702:Also in 1994, in the Americas, the 4630:(CEDAW) was adopted in 1979 by the 3665:Liberal South East European Network 24: 16699:"Hungary law 'fails rape victims'" 16612:from the original on 4 August 2018 16600:Assembly, United Nations General. 16049:from the original on 23 April 2018 15672:from the original on 28 March 2014 15579:from the original on 30 March 2007 15092:. Fawcett Society. November 2012. 15008:Schmid, Thacher (March 12, 2018). 14383:from the original on 20 April 2019 13845:from the original on 23 April 2015 13755:from the original on 24 April 2021 13569:from the original on 30 March 2019 13509:from the original on 20 April 2019 13293:from the original on 24 April 2020 13259:from the original on 3 August 2020 13145: 12789:from the original on 1 August 2020 12374: 12345: 12341:from the original on 17 June 2023. 11853:from the original on 21 March 2019 11779:from the original on 13 April 2019 11547:. Polity Press. pp. 209–211. 11069:from the original on March 8, 2021 9717:from the original on 26 March 2016 9090:. United Nations Population Fund. 9068:from the original on 4 August 2018 8654:Amnesty.dk – Amnesty International 8078:force them to change their beliefs 7224: 6182:Early marriage, child marriage or 6160:Forced marriage and child marriage 6152:attributed to religious beliefs." 5880:partly due to biological factors. 4790:Gender Equality Strategy 2014–2017 25: 21008: 17020: 16400:Asquith, Christina (2016-03-07). 16276:Equality, Diversity and Inclusion 16230:Women Voices and Feminist Visions 15811:from the original on 17 June 2018 15464:from the original on 29 July 2013 14910:. United States: Perigree Trade. 14350:from the original on 14 July 2015 14281:from the original on 12 July 2018 14221:from the original on 9 April 2017 14191:from the original on May 27, 2019 13963:from the original on 28 July 2018 13815:from the original on 14 July 2014 13289:. Council of Europe. p. 48. 13036:from the original on 13 June 2015 13004:from the original on 13 June 2015 12745:Journal of Interpersonal Violence 12088:International Criminal Law Review 10746:from the original on 17 June 2015 10638:from the original on 26 June 2015 10604:from the original on 25 June 2018 10546:Evans, Frederick William (1859). 10381:International Journal of Manpower 10358: 9832:Maternal and Child Health Journal 9488:"Women in the European Community" 9380:from the original on 14 July 2014 9124:from the original on 20 July 2015 8834:from the original on 16 June 2012 8759:from the original on 17 June 2018 8690:from the original on 3 April 2016 8265:as well as upper-caste Hindus in 7576:French Representatives of Andorra 7157: 6944:Women have won only a quarter of 6403:International Labour Organization 6306:Gender-based price discrimination 5278:Food and Agriculture Organization 4963: 4755:in the form of a protocol to the 4573:Married Women's Property Act 1882 3655:Liberal Network for Latin America 3088:(contributions to liberal theory) 20619:Attraction to transgender people 20008: 20007: 19516: 19507: 19506: 19494: 19054:Democratic Republic of the Congo 18472:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 17510:Gender-related Development Index 17357:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 16983: 16947: 16917: 16854: 16824: 16806:International Labor Organization 16794: 16759: 16723: 16691: 16655: 16624: 16593: 16563: 16533: 16497: 16468: 16423: 16393: 16360: 16342: 16294: 16267: 16221: 16112: 16086: 16061: 16025: 15989: 15963: 15934: 15898: 15880: 15868: 15823: 15793: 15762: 15744: 15714: 15684: 15642:from the original on 16 May 2019 15605:. March 19, 2012. Archived from 15591: 15561: 15537: 15505: 15476: 15446: 15420: 15390: 15381: 15355: 15329: 15317: 15257: 15242: 15206: 15176: 15140: 15110: 15082: 15035: 14834: 14817: 14794: 14770: 14744: 14626: 14570: 14468: 14431: 14419:from the original on 28 May 2015 14395: 14362: 14293: 14263: 14233: 14203: 14173: 14147: 14111: 14099:from the original on 3 July 2019 14075: 14038: 14007: 13975: 13939: 13827: 13797: 13767: 13731: 13701: 13689:from the original on 21 May 2019 13671: 13622: 13581: 13551: 13521: 13490: 13393: 13336: 13305: 13271: 13139: 13090: 13016: 12980: 12949: 12919: 12916:, by Richard A. Posner, page 94. 12907: 12872: 12732: 12699: 12668: 12636: 12604: 12572: 12483: 12461:"WHO: World Health Organization" 12428:"WHO: World Health Organization" 12420: 11769:"Women in business 2015 results" 11682:. 26 August 2016. Archived from 10823:from the original on 14 May 2015 10264: 10246: 10224: 10185: 10167: 10143:"The Penal-Code with Amendments" 10135: 10105: 10095: 10083: 10047: 10011: 9949: 9924: 9869: 9823: 9794: 9764: 9660: 9633: 9603: 9586: 9550: 9514: 9480: 9450: 9421: 9392: 9362: 9350:from the original on 7 July 2015 9332: 9295: 9270: 9240: 9205: 9193: 9162: 9136: 9106: 9080: 9054: 8749:"Switzerland profile – Timeline" 8571:, pp. 89–91, archived from 8435: 8426: 8413: 8388: 8375: 8365: 8356: 8333: 8312: 8298: 8284: 8247: 8234: 8221: 8200: 8179: 8166: 8153: 8135: 8118: 8109: 8095: 8083: 8054: 8045: 8032: 8023: 8004: 7994: 7976: 7959: 7949: 7939: 7914: 7896: 7882: 7857: 7843: 7762: 7500:Illustrators for Gender Equality 7436:Gender-related Development Index 7413:Christians for Biblical Equality 7407:Afghan Ministry of Women Affairs 7361:List of gender equality lawsuits 7345:Gender Equality Duty in Scotland 7231:BahĂĄÊŒĂ­ Faith and gender equality 7144: 7092: 6956:began sponsoring a category for 6782:is today mainly associated with 6569:Political participation of women 6552:About two thirds of the world's 5818:Fourth World Conference on Women 5713:'Killings in the name of honour' 5001: 4907:protest against the increase in 4884:religiously orientated societies 4715:Fourth World Conference on Women 4651:World Conference on Human Rights 4511: 4502:The Ritual Dance of the Shakers, 4494: 4477: 4282: 4270: 2669: 2565:Category:Men's organizations 2131: 2069: 1601:Democratic Republic of the Congo 935:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 51: 16551:from the original on 2018-11-03 16441:from the original on 2019-08-21 16412:from the original on 2019-01-26 16228:Shaw and Lee, Susan and Janet. 16210:from the original on 2018-04-14 16169:from the original on 2019-02-27 15952:from the original on 2016-03-04 15801:"Switzerland Profile: Timeline" 15666:"Women in national parliaments" 15494:from the original on 2018-08-10 15129:from the original on 2016-05-09 15099:from the original on 2016-05-09 14884:from the original on 2018-10-21 13539:from the original on 2018-11-16 13479:from the original on 2017-11-07 13412:from the original on 2019-03-01 13029:. 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Other abuses include routine 5559: 4868:. For further information, see 4670:United Nations General Assembly 4632:United Nations General Assembly 4578: 16899:United Nations Population Fund 16631:Khoury, Jack (30 April 2012). 15518:United Nations Population Fund 14751:Feloni, Richard (2019-03-08). 14344:United Nations Population Fund 14215:United Nations Population Fund 14185:United Nations Population Fund 13563:United Nations Population Fund 12956:Harter, Pascale (2011-06-14). 12713:. U.S. Department of Justice. 10865:. 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(1979). 7634:may still have elements of 7372:Sex Discrimination Act 1975 7105:to comply with Knowledge's 7083: 6736:United States Supreme Court 6409:coerced by the employer as 5763:intimate partner violence. 5704:'Female genital mutilation' 5384:Population Reference Bureau 5209:Efforts to fight inequality 2560:Category:Men's movement 1258:Views on transgender topics 1248:Views on sexual orientation 10: 21013: 20609:Androphilia and gynephilia 19803:Mythopoetic men's movement 17728:God and gender in Hinduism 17610:United States (employment) 17505:Gender Empowerment Measure 17352:Causes of mental disorders 15402:National Union of Teachers 14757:Business Insider Nederland 12491:"Maternal mortality ratio" 12176:Domesticating Human Rights 11970:, by Jule Mulder, pg 35–39 11204:10.1007/s11199-019-01097-x 10219: 8191:Pregnant Workers Directive 7530:Theaology, Feminine divine 7430:Gender Empowerment Measure 7199:Sex and gender distinction 7032: 6916: 6873: 6646:obtained the right to vote 6598: Female head of state 6572: 6528: 6525:Girls' access to education 6472: 6430: 6419: 6331: 6238: 6203: 6171: 5780: 5770: 5724: 5695:'Rape and sexual violence' 5460: 5288: 5212: 5066:women-are-wonderful effect 4967: 4588: 4582: 4466: 4462: 4445: 2323:Circumcision controversies 2305:Discrimination against men 2172:Mythopoetic men's movement 20933: 20832: 20768: 20661: 20591: 20555: 20452: 20419: 20406: 20209: 20077: 20066: 20003: 19978: 19930: 19923: 19909: 19858: 19786:Men's liberation movement 19773: 19733: 19707: 19686: 19621:Marriage and reproduction 19620: 19577: 19570: 19488: 19428: 19367: 19360: 19039: 18744: 18492:Female genital mutilation 18430: 18363: 18260: 17980: 17969: 17896:Majority-Muslim countries 17861: 17828: 17785: 17776: 17710: 17685: 17664: 17657: 17619:Promotion and enforcement 17527: 17492: 17466: 17459: 17325: 17264: 17213: 17178: 17065:Women and Gender Equality 17041:Resources in your library 16288:10.1108/02610151011028831 16068:Rao, D. Bhaskara (2004). 15662:Inter-Parliamentary Union 14647:10.1007/s12147-011-9106-3 14515:"The situation in the EU" 13635:The History of the Family 13069:World Health Organization 12225:10.1017/S0922156521000017 12101:10.1163/15718123-01704002 12082:De Hoon, Marieke (2017). 12029:10.1017/S1744552318000034 11646:Alkhawaja, Assim (2015). 11230:. Routledge. p. 94. 11091:. Bbc.co.uk. 2019-10-28. 10305:gender-equality.essec.edu 10055:"National Report: France" 9750:10.1017/S001041750000712X 9404:Amnesty International USA 9220:World Health Organization 8999:The Napoleonic revolution 8937:Parental Responsibilities 8930:"National Report: France" 7802:Female genital mutilation 7784:by drugs or alcohol, and 7755:Especially of the French 6845:Peoples' Democratic Party 6835:Political gender equality 6665:Gender equality in Rwanda 6230:Economy and public policy 6226:violent husbands' homes. 6149:female genital mutilation 6120:Female genital mutilation 6045:female genital mutilation 5760:Intimate Partner violence 5621:Adolescence and adulthood 5577:World Health Organization 5569:WHO's life cycle typology 5512:Intimate partner violence 5423:systematic discrimination 5391:non-communicable diseases 5361:female genital mutilation 4806:Preventing and combating 4749:female genital mutilation 4721:on 15 September 1995 – a 4677:Cairo Programme of Action 4675:In 1994, the twenty-year 4504:Shaker Historical Society 4487:Shaker Historical Society 4385:Human Development Reports 4252:Sexually liberal feminism 4159:Bias in American academia 3630:European Democratic Party 3086:List of liberal theorists 2545:Index of masculism topics 2213:Sex differences in humans 2177:Men's liberation movement 2049:Women's rights by country 955:Female genital mutilation 20157:Non-binary / genderqueer 19818:Fathers' rights movement 19699:Sex differences in crime 19463:Women's studies journals 19421:Women's rights activists 17972:Movements and ideologies 17698:Women's studies journals 17677:Suicide among LGBT youth 17672:Gender studies academics 17392:Gender bias on Knowledge 17100:OECD's Gender Initiative 15339:. BBC. 27 October 2013. 14906:Equally Shared Parenting 14782:European Investment Bank 14732:European Investment Bank 14022:. London. Archived from 13400:Campaign, Human Rights. 13349:Journal of Homosexuality 12757:10.1177/0886260514563830 11621:National Geographic News 10393:10.1108/ijm-11-2015-0197 10340:. UNICEF. Archived from 9529:Martindale.cc.lehigh.edu 9144:"Case of Opuz v. Turkey" 8290:Common especially among 8195:Parental Leave Directive 8128:, then president of the 7906:at para 219, it states: 7535: 7494:Global Gender Gap Report 7118:may contain suggestions. 7103:may need to be rewritten 6954:African Development Bank 6841:Democratic Regions Party 6274:Female economic activity 6245:Female economic activity 5353:Maternal mortality ratio 5038:extermination of witches 4900:Ukraine Is Not a Brothel 4751:. It was adopted by the 4708:BelĂ©m do ParĂĄ Convention 4585:Anti-discrimination laws 4398:for gender, also called 2911:Labor theory of property 2360:False accusation of rape 2152:Fathers' rights movement 2054:Feminists by nationality 2028:Women's studies journals 2023:Women's rights activists 741:Movements and ideologies 20719:Transgender archaeology 19916:International Men's Day 19808:Men Going Their Own Way 19628:Marriage of convenience 19006:International relations 17693:Gender studies journals 17631:Anti-discrimination law 17397:Gender-equality paradox 17382:Gender-related violence 17272:Gender-neutral language 17136:UK pro-feminist website 17104:OECD Development Centre 16192:"Dark Victory in Raqqa" 15726:Un Women – Headquarters 14867:10.1111/1467-954X.12156 14854:The Sociological Review 13779:Un Women – Headquarters 12927:"Ethics: Honour crimes" 11881:American Anthropologist 11031:"Goal #3 Gender Equity" 10455:. UNFPA. Archived from 10329:LeMoyne, Roger (2011). 9596:London Evening Standard 9433:UN News Service Section 8398:dowry was removed from 8345:The Subjection of Women 7505:International Men's Day 7317:Equal Protection Clause 7306:Anti-discrimination law 7294: 6447:Gender Equality Indices 6437:Conscription and sexism 6147:regard the practice of 5970:crimes against humanity 5919:conscientious objectors 5532:Such practices include 5399:cardiovascular diseases 5142:was being drafted, the 5070:gender-equality paradox 5036:, a book endorsing the 4958:Breastfeeding in public 4569:women's property rights 4423:wartime sexual violence 3620:Arab Liberal Federation 2810:Consent of the governed 2591:International Men's Day 1442:International relations 303:Intersectional variants 20714:Split attraction model 20699:Sex–gender distinction 19960:Conflict tactics scale 19751:Masculine beauty ideal 19720:Testosterone poisoning 19436:Conservative feminisms 18734:Women in the workforce 18702:Violence against women 18677:Sexual objectification 18637:Opposition to feminism 17836:Bicycling and feminism 17500:Gender and development 17372:Educational inequality 17116:End The Gender Pay Gap 16862:"Gender Mainstreaming" 16545:Maternityaction.org.uk 14447:Savethechildren.org.uk 14438:Lelieveld, M. (2011). 14157:. 2008. Archived from 14016:"Bitten by the Amazon" 12854:. 2012. Archived from 12652:. September 18, 2018. 12620:. September 17, 2018. 12588:. September 20, 2018. 11543:Alison, Stone (2008). 10566:Glendyne R. Wergland, 10524:10.2307/j.ctt5hjqnj.11 10148:. 1969. Archived from 8537:10.3366/scot.2004.0043 7965:Rebecca Cook wrote in 7657:violence against women 6871: 6852:Democratic Union Party 6830:Social and ideological 6633: 6625: 6559: 6507: 6470: 6384:, paternity leave and 6355:in the United States, 6293: 6265: 6241:Women in the workforce 6169: 6137: 6049: 6033: 6021: 5905: 5820:in Beijing and the UN 5812: 5800: 5480:Violence against women 5476: 5463:Violence against women 5458: 5446: 5437:Violence against women 5431:interpersonal violence 5386: 5356: 5306: 5087:violence against women 5061: 5045: 5019: 4950: 4929:Gender Equality Bureau 4912: 4808:violence against women 4557: 3635:European Liberal Youth 3605:Africa Liberal Network 2830:Economic globalization 1968:Conservative feminisms 1223:Bicycling and feminism 1199:Women in the workforce 1167:Violence against women 1142:Sexual objectification 1102:Opposition to feminism 359:Vegetarian ecofeminism 20689:Queer heterosexuality 19791:Men's rights movement 19673:Tender years doctrine 19602:Hegemonic masculinity 19579:Gender discrimination 19476:Women in peacekeeping 19016:Revisionist mythology 18455:Children's literature 17417:List of global issues 16967:on September 10, 2016 14986:on September 23, 2017 14479:. SAGE. p. 496. 13406:Human Rights Campaign 12995:Amnesty International 12123:Shany, Yuval (2012). 11712:. 26 September 2015. 11656:on September 11, 2015 10912:Work in progress pdf. 8968:. Brill. p. 52. 8928:Ferrand, FrĂ©dĂ©rique. 8621:Amnesty International 8608:Amnesty International 8569:Amnesty International 8324:Appenzell Innerrhoden 7681:Amnesty International 7421:(European Parliament) 7366:Paycheck Fairness Act 7357:(United States, 2009) 7311:Equal Pay Act of 1963 7278:Testimony of Equality 7179:Gender discrimination 7164:Coloniality of gender 6967:Created in 1997, the 6901:, although there are 6889:is a set of societal 6874:Further information: 6865: 6723:Kirchberg v. Feenstra 6631: 6582: 6550: 6503: 6473:Further information: 6460: 6291: 6252: 6167: 6127: 6094:marriage by abduction 6060:caste system in India 6042: 6027: 6016:Anti-dowry poster in 6015: 5891: 5806: 5798: 5781:Further information: 5756:Human Rights Campaign 5725:Further information: 5470: 5452: 5444: 5403:respiratory illnesses 5381: 5351: 5309:Social constructs of 5303: 5289:Further information: 5192:in public, while the 5054:Appenzell Innerrhoden 5051: 5025: 5009: 4945: 4897:From the documentary 4896: 4717:, the UN adopted the 4589:Further information: 4583:Further information: 4549: 4336:equality of the sexes 4277:Liberalism portal 4149:Anti-authoritarianism 3650:Liberal International 2236:Hegemonic masculinity 2182:Men's rights movement 1998:Feminist rhetoricians 1988:Feminist philosophers 1540:Revisionist mythology 1243:Views on prostitution 1228:Criticism of marriage 918:Children's literature 18:Women's equality 20669:Anti-gender movement 20644:Romantic orientation 19715:Human male sexuality 18918:Pathways perspective 18763:Gender mainstreaming 18682:Substantive equality 18662:Reproductive justice 18612:Matriarchal religion 18467:Diversity (politics) 17422:Political repression 17362:Diversity (politics) 15894:on 6 September 2017. 15807:. 21 December 2017. 15728:. 11 November 2013. 14582:Womeneconroadmap.org 14456:on 24 September 2015 14340:"End Child Marriage" 13991:. 29 November 2014. 13149:(17 December 1999). 13127:on 25 September 2017 11841:Magazine, Contexts. 11798:Fiscutean, Andrada. 10928:Jordan, Tim (2002). 9847:"Vani a social evil" 9493:. 1984. p. 14. 8755:. 28 December 2016. 8546:on October 21, 2013. 8208:employment contracts 8144:European Communities 7888:According to UNFPA: 7834:Forced sterilisation 7520:Women's Equality Day 7482:Other related topics 7252:Gender sensitization 7035:Gender mainstreaming 7029:Gender mainstreaming 6816:United Arab Emirates 6535:Gender and education 5863:sex outside marriage 5851:forced sterilization 5783:Forced sterilization 5660:s over time typology 5253:language acquisition 5156:international courts 5052:The Swiss canton of 4996:economic development 4820:Gender Mainstreaming 4400:substantive equality 4396:equality of outcomes 3081:Age of Enlightenment 3034:Separation of powers 2535:Lists and categories 2310:Violence against men 2218:Human male sexuality 1978:Feminist art critics 1953:Feminist comic books 1910:Lists and categories 1589:By continent/country 1420:Pathways perspective 1303:Gender mainstreaming 1238:Views on pornography 1147:Substantive equality 1127:Reproductive justice 1077:Matriarchal religion 930:Diversity (politics) 866:Political lesbianism 176:Other women's rights 20421:Sexual orientations 20152:Masculine of center 19950:Forced circumcision 19607:Occupational sexism 19501:Feminism portal 19381:Ecofeminist authors 19231:Trinidad and Tobago 19171:Republic of Ireland 19031:Composition studies 18712:Women's empowerment 18667:Sex workers' rights 18592:Feminist capitalism 18572:Internalized sexism 18507:Feminism in culture 18385:Kurdish (Jineology) 17718:Gender and religion 17552:European Parliament 17479:Economic inequality 17302:Genderless language 17112:A Discussion Paper. 16942:polĂ­tico-electoral. 16070:Education For Women 15758:on 21 January 2016. 15490:. 9 February 2015. 15123:Romanian Law Online 15054:(sup1): S263–S267. 14519:European Commission 14247:. 22 October 2014. 14026:on 22 February 2014 13809:Cgrs.uchastings.edu 13441:on December 9, 2020 12393:. Rome: FAO. 2023. 12359:. 2013. p. 2. 12273:. 26 October 2015. 12071:. 14 November 2018. 11954:10.1093/icon/mor068 11627:on 5 September 2015 11464:. 20 December 2021. 11350:2019PLoSO..1417015G 10277:). Text taken from 10237:). Text taken from 10155:on October 21, 2012 9995:. 16 January 1957. 9175:Conventions.coe.int 9169:Council of Europe. 9118:Conventions.coe.int 8575:on October 17, 2017 8130:European Commission 8126:Jose Manuel Barroso 7806:Forced prostitution 7640:Ordination of women 7636:ritual purification 7267:Mixed-sex education 7247:Gender polarization 7241:Gender Parity Index 6826:, honor killings). 6759:reproductive rights 6754:Australian passport 6743:Head and Master law 6575:Women in government 6492:freedom of movement 6475:Freedom of movement 6453:Freedom of movement 6411:labour exploitation 6378:reproductive rights 6270:economic prosperity 5777:Reproductive rights 5773:Reproductive health 5698:'Sexual harassment' 5553:Catharine MacKinnon 5549:honor of the family 5526:Istanbul Convention 5033:Malleus Maleficarum 4923:in the population. 4745:reproductive health 4719:Beijing Declaration 4697:reproductive rights 4679:was adopted at the 4668:was adopted by the 4653:on 25 June 1993 in 4289:Politics portal 2992:Civil and political 2965:Popular sovereignty 2825:Economic liberalism 2555:Category:Masculists 2425:Reproductive rights 2337:Forced circumcision 2076:Feminism portal 1983:Feminist economists 1973:Ecofeminist authors 1778:Trinidad and Tobago 1718:Republic of Ireland 1410:Composition studies 1177:Women's empowerment 1132:Sex workers' rights 1057:Feminist capitalism 1037:Internalized sexism 970:Feminism in culture 78:History of feminism 20997:Gender and society 20542:Same gender loving 20453:Alternative labels 18876:Literary criticism 18753:Complementarianism 18477:Effects on society 18445:Complementarianism 18252:Women's liberation 17626:Affirmative action 17402:Gender empowerment 17367:Diversity training 17277:Grammatical gender 17265:Gender in language 17127:2020-11-24 at the 17076:2021-04-16 at the 16836:Harvard Law School 16309:Europarl.europa.eu 16155:The New York Times 15775:The New York Times 15458:Plan International 14980:The New York Times 14412:. 7 January 2014. 14275:Human Rights Watch 13988:The Indian Express 13279:Jagland, ThorbjĂžrn 11686:on 1 November 2017 11146:10.1002/ijop.12420 11116:. 2 February 2021. 9464:. 18 August 2011. 8828:The New York Times 8714:Retsinformation.dk 8483:10.5364/ipiv.6.1.9 8142:Commission of the 8103:UN Population Fund 7904:explanatory report 7786:Child sexual abuse 7744:Human Rights Watch 7632:churching of women 7630:, the practice of 7628:Christian churches 7388:Uniform civil code 7184:Gender empowerment 7047:action, including 6872: 6858:Gender stereotypes 6734:455 (1981), a 6651:In 2015, 61.3% of 6634: 6626: 6471: 6294: 6266: 6170: 6138: 6034: 6022: 5906: 5832:Maternal mortality 5813: 5801: 5707:'Forced marriages' 5477: 5459: 5447: 5387: 5357: 5307: 5237:sex discrimination 5181:Simone de Beauvoir 5062: 5046: 5020: 4921:shortfall of women 4919:has resulted in a 4913: 4888:Complementarianism 4834:affirmative action 4801:gender stereotypes 4713:At the end of the 4601:women's liberation 4451:Christine de Pizan 4431:oppression tactics 2960:Permissive society 2940:Limited government 2550:Category:Masculism 2332:Genital mutilation 2315:Male expendability 1388:Literary criticism 1253:Views on sexuality 940:Effects on society 908:Complementarianism 883:Women's liberation 638:Religious variants 612:trans-exclusionary 330:Radical lesbianism 20992:Social inequality 20954: 20953: 20727: 20726: 20674:Gender assignment 20657: 20656: 20402: 20401: 20142:Gender neutrality 20021: 20020: 19999: 19998: 19854: 19853: 19769: 19768: 19612:Sexual harassment 19530: 19529: 19484: 19483: 18893:Political ecology 18799:Écriture fĂ©minine 18697:Triple oppression 18687:Toxic masculinity 18672:Sexual harassment 18534:Feminist stripper 18512:Feminist movement 18426: 18425: 18364:Ethnic and racial 17965: 17964: 17736: 17735: 17706: 17705: 17653: 17652: 17649: 17648: 17523: 17522: 17455: 17454: 17447:Women empowerment 17327:Gender inequality 17236:Gender neutrality 17086:, Watershedpedia. 17027:Library resources 16079:978-81-7141-873-2 15664:(1 August 2015). 15636:Council of Europe 15556:978-92-3-100524-4 15513:"Gender equality" 14960:978-0-02-874061-4 14942:978-0-674-00209-8 14925:Deutsch, Francine 14917:978-0-399-53651-9 14486:978-1-4129-7685-5 14161:on 19 August 2014 14054:Krepublishers.com 13117:978-1-78077-263-9 12830:on April 3, 2012. 12821:Small Arms Survey 12751:(19): 3389–3418. 12496:Our World in Data 12331:"Gender equality" 12193:978-3-319-57620-6 11902:on August 1, 2014 11710:Independent.co.uk 11590:978-0-582-00988-2 11554:978-0-7456-3883-6 11522:10.1093/sp/jxt020 11310:978-615-5211-39-3 11237:978-0-415-59673-2 10943:978-0-631-23311-4 10876:978-1-4129-1850-3 10702:Council of Europe 10533:978-0-8229-7975-3 10500:978-1-57675-388-0 10449:"Gender equality" 9538:on 8 October 2015 9320:on March 13, 2017 9088:"Gender equality" 9008:978-0-8071-0487-3 8975:978-90-04-17616-4 8240:For instance, in 8174:working part time 7794:Domestic violence 7572:Governors-General 7329:Equality Act 2010 7323:Equality Act 2006 7174:Equal opportunity 7133: 7132: 7107:quality standards 7018:restraining order 6977:Poynter Institute 6824:crimes of passion 6694:Council of Europe 6585:Governors-General 6289: 6220:domestic violence 6114:widow inheritance 5998:domestic violence 5936:. State mandated 5934:communist Albania 5930:communist Romania 5750:social services, 5727:Transgender women 5686:Council of Europe 5637: 5636: 5544:Richard A. Posner 5489:domestic violence 5285:Health and safety 5249:religious studies 5215:Gender inequality 5198:one size fits all 5164:gender neutrality 5152:international law 5127:mail order brides 5107:crimes of passion 4786:Council of Europe 4775:Council of Europe 4565:suffrage movement 4440:domestic violence 4377:Gender inequality 4369:gender identities 4325: 4324: 4164:Bias in the media 3680:Regional variants 2997:Natural and legal 2648: 2647: 2613: 2612: 2572: 2571: 2526: 2525: 2460: 2459: 2453:Toxic masculinity 2374:Domestic violence 2264:Gender neutrality 2198:Topics and issues 2189: 2188: 2110: 2109: 2061: 2060: 1580: 1579: 1570:womanist theology 1513:Political ecology 1344:Écriture fĂ©minine 1271: 1270: 1162:Triple oppression 1152:Toxic masculinity 1137:Sexual harassment 997:Feminist stripper 975:Feminist movement 531: 530: 462:Africana womanism 293: 292: 16:(Redirected from 21004: 20754: 20747: 20740: 20731: 20730: 20517:Non-heterosexual 20417: 20416: 20075: 20074: 20048: 20041: 20034: 20025: 20024: 20011: 20010: 19928: 19927: 19910:Remembrance days 19814: 19813: 19668:Stay-at-home dad 19575: 19574: 19557: 19550: 19543: 19534: 19533: 19520: 19519: 19510: 19509: 19499: 19498: 19497: 19365: 19364: 19348:History of women 18824:Political theory 18724: 18717:Women-only space 18602:Likeability trap 18567:Invisible labour 18487:Female education 17978: 17977: 17973: 17933:African-American 17863:Women's suffrage 17854: 17841:Feminist history 17783: 17782: 17763: 17756: 17749: 17740: 17739: 17662: 17661: 17616: 17615: 17559:(Mahnaz Afkhami) 17464: 17463: 17457: 17456: 17432:Social exclusion 17377:Gender apartheid 17332: 17331: 17165: 17158: 17151: 17142: 17141: 17014: 17013: 17011: 17009: 17003: 16996: 16987: 16981: 16980: 16974: 16972: 16966: 16959: 16951: 16945: 16944: 16938: 16936: 16921: 16915: 16914: 16912: 16910: 16891: 16882: 16881: 16879: 16877: 16858: 16852: 16851: 16849: 16847: 16838:. 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Archived from 14971: 14965: 14964: 14946: 14934: 14921: 14909: 14899: 14893: 14892: 14890: 14889: 14883: 14850: 14838: 14832: 14831: 14829: 14821: 14815: 14814: 14812: 14811: 14798: 14792: 14791: 14789: 14788: 14774: 14768: 14767: 14765: 14764: 14748: 14742: 14741: 14739: 14738: 14724: 14713: 14712: 14710: 14709: 14695: 14686: 14685: 14683: 14682: 14668: 14659: 14658: 14630: 14624: 14623: 14616: 14609: 14598: 14597: 14595: 14593: 14574: 14568: 14567: 14565: 14563: 14544: 14535: 14534: 14532: 14530: 14511: 14505: 14504: 14498: 14490: 14472: 14466: 14465: 14463: 14461: 14455: 14449:. Archived from 14444: 14435: 14429: 14428: 14426: 14424: 14418: 14407: 14399: 14393: 14392: 14390: 14388: 14374: 14366: 14360: 14359: 14357: 14355: 14336: 14327: 14326: 14324: 14322: 14316: 14305: 14297: 14291: 14290: 14288: 14286: 14271:"Child Marriage" 14267: 14261: 14260: 14258: 14256: 14241:"Child marriage" 14237: 14231: 14230: 14228: 14226: 14207: 14201: 14200: 14198: 14196: 14177: 14171: 14170: 14168: 14166: 14151: 14145: 14144: 14142: 14140: 14134: 14123: 14115: 14109: 14108: 14106: 14104: 14098: 14087: 14079: 14073: 14072: 14070: 14068: 14062: 14051: 14042: 14036: 14035: 14033: 14031: 14020:The Sunday Times 14011: 14005: 14004: 14002: 14000: 13979: 13973: 13972: 13970: 13968: 13962: 13951: 13943: 13937: 13936: 13934: 13932: 13926: 13915: 13907: 13890: 13889: 13887: 13885: 13866: 13855: 13854: 13852: 13850: 13839:My Favorite News 13831: 13825: 13824: 13822: 13820: 13801: 13795: 13794: 13792: 13790: 13781:. 4 April 2013. 13771: 13765: 13764: 13762: 13760: 13754: 13743: 13735: 13729: 13728: 13726: 13724: 13705: 13699: 13698: 13696: 13694: 13685:. 24 July 2002. 13675: 13669: 13668: 13650: 13626: 13620: 13619: 13617: 13615: 13609: 13598: 13585: 13579: 13578: 13576: 13574: 13555: 13549: 13548: 13546: 13544: 13525: 13519: 13518: 13516: 13514: 13494: 13488: 13487: 13485: 13484: 13478: 13471: 13460: 13451: 13450: 13448: 13446: 13437:. Archived from 13427: 13421: 13420: 13418: 13417: 13397: 13391: 13390: 13380: 13340: 13334: 13333: 13331: 13329: 13309: 13303: 13302: 13300: 13298: 13275: 13269: 13268: 13266: 13264: 13248: 13242: 13241: 13199: 13193: 13192: 13186: 13182: 13180: 13172: 13170: 13168: 13143: 13137: 13136: 13134: 13132: 13126: 13120:. Archived from 13105: 13094: 13088: 13087: 13085: 13083: 13077: 13066: 13052: 13046: 13045: 13043: 13041: 13035: 13028: 13020: 13014: 13013: 13011: 13009: 13003: 12997:. 1 March 2011. 12992: 12984: 12978: 12977: 12975: 12973: 12953: 12947: 12946: 12944: 12942: 12923: 12917: 12911: 12905: 12904: 12902: 12901: 12895: 12884: 12876: 12870: 12869: 12867: 12866: 12860: 12849: 12841: 12832: 12831: 12829: 12818: 12810: 12799: 12798: 12796: 12794: 12768: 12736: 12730: 12729: 12727: 12725: 12719: 12712: 12703: 12697: 12696: 12694: 12693: 12672: 12666: 12665: 12663: 12661: 12640: 12634: 12633: 12631: 12629: 12608: 12602: 12601: 12599: 12597: 12576: 12570: 12569: 12567: 12566: 12560: 12553: 12545: 12536: 12535: 12533: 12532: 12517: 12508: 12507: 12505: 12503: 12487: 12481: 12480: 12478: 12476: 12471:on July 27, 2003 12467:. Archived from 12457: 12448: 12447: 12445: 12443: 12434:. Archived from 12424: 12418: 12417: 12410: 12399:10.4060/cc5060en 12385: 12372: 12371: 12369: 12368: 12349: 12343: 12342: 12327: 12321: 12320: 12318: 12317: 12311: 12300: 12292: 12286: 12285: 12283: 12282: 12263: 12257: 12256: 12243: 12237: 12236: 12204: 12198: 12197: 12167: 12161: 12160: 12120: 12114: 12113: 12103: 12079: 12073: 12072: 12065: 12059: 12058: 12047: 12041: 12040: 12008: 12002: 12001: 11999: 11997: 11988:. Archived from 11977: 11971: 11965: 11959: 11958: 11956: 11932: 11926: 11925: 11919: 11911: 11909: 11907: 11901: 11895:. Archived from 11878: 11869: 11863: 11862: 11860: 11858: 11838: 11832: 11826: 11820: 11819: 11817: 11815: 11795: 11789: 11788: 11786: 11784: 11765: 11759: 11758: 11756: 11754: 11740: 11732: 11726: 11725: 11723: 11721: 11702: 11696: 11695: 11693: 11691: 11672: 11666: 11665: 11663: 11661: 11643: 11637: 11636: 11634: 11632: 11612: 11603: 11602: 11576: 11567: 11566: 11540: 11534: 11533: 11505: 11499: 11498: 11486: 11480: 11479: 11472: 11466: 11465: 11458: 11452: 11451: 11427: 11421: 11420: 11388: 11382: 11381: 11371: 11361: 11329: 11323: 11322: 11291: 11285: 11284: 11256: 11250: 11249: 11223: 11217: 11216: 11206: 11182: 11176: 11175: 11157: 11124: 11118: 11117: 11110: 11104: 11103: 11101: 11100: 11085: 11079: 11078: 11076: 11074: 11068: 11061: 11052: 11046: 11045: 11043: 11042: 11026: 11020: 11019: 11017: 11015: 11009: 11003:. Archived from 11002: 10993: 10984: 10983: 10981: 10979: 10973: 10962: 10954: 10948: 10947: 10935: 10925: 10919: 10910: 10908: 10907: 10887: 10881: 10880: 10864: 10854: 10848: 10847: 10839: 10833: 10832: 10830: 10828: 10806: 10800: 10799: 10797: 10796: 10776: 10770: 10769: 10763: 10755: 10753: 10751: 10731: 10725: 10723: 10721: 10720: 10714: 10695: 10685: 10679: 10678: 10676: 10674: 10664: 10654: 10648: 10647: 10645: 10643: 10620: 10614: 10613: 10611: 10609: 10586: 10580: 10577: 10571: 10564: 10558: 10557: 10543: 10537: 10536: 10511: 10505: 10504: 10488: 10475: 10469: 10468: 10466: 10464: 10445: 10434: 10433: 10419: 10413: 10412: 10376: 10367: 10362: 10356: 10355: 10353: 10352: 10346: 10335: 10326: 10320: 10319: 10317: 10316: 10307:. Archived from 10297: 10268: 10250: 10228: 10213: 10212: 10210: 10208: 10189: 10183: 10182: 10177:. Archived from 10171: 10165: 10164: 10162: 10160: 10154: 10147: 10139: 10133: 10132: 10130: 10129: 10109: 10103: 10099: 10093: 10087: 10081: 10080: 10078: 10076: 10070: 10059: 10051: 10045: 10044: 10042: 10040: 10035:on March 4, 2016 10034: 10028:. Archived from 10023: 10015: 10009: 10008: 10006: 10004: 9983: 9977: 9976: 9974: 9972: 9953: 9947: 9946: 9944: 9943: 9928: 9922: 9921: 9919: 9918: 9903: 9897: 9896: 9894: 9892: 9873: 9867: 9866: 9864: 9862: 9842: 9836: 9835: 9827: 9821: 9820: 9818: 9817: 9798: 9792: 9791: 9789: 9788: 9768: 9762: 9761: 9733: 9727: 9726: 9724: 9722: 9716: 9705: 9697: 9688: 9687: 9685: 9683: 9664: 9658: 9657: 9655: 9653: 9637: 9631: 9630: 9628: 9626: 9607: 9601: 9600: 9590: 9584: 9583: 9581: 9579: 9574:on March 4, 2016 9573: 9567:. Archived from 9562: 9554: 9548: 9547: 9545: 9543: 9537: 9531:. Archived from 9526: 9518: 9512: 9511: 9506: 9505: 9499: 9492: 9484: 9478: 9477: 9475: 9473: 9454: 9448: 9447: 9445: 9444: 9425: 9419: 9418: 9416: 9415: 9396: 9390: 9389: 9387: 9385: 9366: 9360: 9359: 9357: 9355: 9336: 9330: 9329: 9327: 9325: 9319: 9313:. Archived from 9308: 9299: 9293: 9292: 9290: 9289: 9274: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9263: 9244: 9238: 9237: 9235: 9234: 9228: 9217: 9209: 9203: 9197: 9191: 9190: 9188: 9186: 9166: 9160: 9159: 9157: 9155: 9150:. September 2009 9140: 9134: 9133: 9131: 9129: 9110: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9099: 9084: 9078: 9077: 9075: 9073: 9058: 9052: 9051: 9049: 9047: 9027: 9021: 9020: 8994: 8988: 8987: 8961: 8955: 8954: 8952: 8951: 8945: 8934: 8925: 8919: 8918: 8916: 8915: 8909: 8903:. Archived from 8902: 8894: 8888: 8887: 8885: 8884: 8878: 8872:. Archived from 8871: 8863: 8857: 8850: 8844: 8843: 8841: 8839: 8820: 8814: 8813: 8807: 8799: 8797: 8795: 8775: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8764: 8745: 8739: 8736: 8730: 8729: 8727: 8725: 8706: 8700: 8699: 8697: 8695: 8676: 8670: 8669: 8667: 8665: 8656:. Archived from 8646: 8640: 8638: 8636: 8635: 8629: 8618: 8604: 8598: 8597: 8591: 8583: 8581: 8580: 8557: 8548: 8547: 8545: 8539:. Archived from 8524:Scottish Affairs 8520: 8511: 8505: 8504: 8498: 8490: 8460: 8443: 8439: 8433: 8430: 8424: 8419:For example, in 8417: 8411: 8394:For example, in 8392: 8386: 8379: 8373: 8369: 8363: 8360: 8354: 8340:John Stuart Mill 8337: 8331: 8316: 8310: 8302: 8296: 8288: 8282: 8251: 8245: 8238: 8232: 8229:political asylum 8225: 8219: 8204: 8198: 8183: 8177: 8170: 8164: 8157: 8151: 8139: 8133: 8122: 8116: 8113: 8107: 8099: 8093: 8087: 8081: 8058: 8052: 8049: 8043: 8036: 8030: 8027: 8021: 8008: 8002: 7998: 7992: 7980: 7974: 7969:M.C. v. Bulgaria 7963: 7957: 7953: 7947: 7943: 7937: 7918: 7912: 7900: 7894: 7886: 7880: 7865:murders of women 7861: 7855: 7847: 7841: 7766: 7760: 7753: 7747: 7740: 7734: 7730: 7724: 7721: 7715: 7708: 7702: 7699: 7693: 7690: 7684: 7670: 7664: 7649: 7643: 7624: 7618: 7611: 7605: 7590: 7578: 7568: 7562: 7559: 7553: 7546: 7488:Gender apartheid 7283:Shared parenting 7236:Female education 7149: 7148: 7147: 7140: 7128: 7125: 7119: 7096: 7088: 7071:policy-making." 6788:Southeast Europe 6609: 6603: 6597: 6591: 6531:Female education 6374:maternity rights 6290: 5962:Alberto Fujimori 5954:forced abortions 5950:one-child policy 5787:Forced pregnancy 5752:police brutality 5591:Type of violence 5582: 5581: 5158:, and universal 5058:women's suffrage 5028:Western European 5026:An example of a 5016:developing world 4948:gender politics. 4941:S. Laurel Weldon 4903:. Radical group 4747:, and an end to 4515: 4498: 4481: 4330:, also known as 4317: 4310: 4303: 4287: 4286: 4275: 4274: 4193:Economic freedom 4186:Radical centrism 3024:Secular humanism 2950:Natural monopoly 2901:Internationalism 2718:Internationalist 2673: 2650: 2649: 2640: 2633: 2626: 2596:Minister for Men 2585: 2584: 2539: 2538: 2473: 2472: 2435:No-fault divorce 2202: 2201: 2146: 2145: 2135: 2112: 2111: 2102: 2095: 2088: 2074: 2073: 2072: 2013:Feminist parties 2008:Muslim feminists 2003:Jewish feminists 1914: 1913: 1895:History of women 1518:Political theory 1286: 1285: 1216: 1215: 1189: 1182:Women-only space 1067:Likeability trap 1032:Invisible labour 950:Female education 759:Anti-pornography 614: 613: 609: 325:Lesbian of color 308: 307: 185:Women's suffrage 161:Muslim countries 156:Women's suffrage 73:Feminist history 66: 65: 55: 32: 31: 21: 21012: 21011: 21007: 21006: 21005: 21003: 21002: 21001: 20977:Feminist theory 20967:Gender equality 20957: 20956: 20955: 20950: 20929: 20828: 20764: 20758: 20728: 20723: 20653: 20604:Analloeroticism 20587: 20583:Heterosociality 20551: 20448: 20411: 20409: 20398: 20213: 20205: 20147:Gender variance 20137:Gender fluidity 20069: 20062: 20052: 20022: 20017: 19995: 19974: 19940:Dating violence 19919: 19905: 19891:Michael Messner 19850: 19812: 19765: 19761:Human sex ratio 19729: 19703: 19682: 19653:Paternity fraud 19616: 19587:Gender equality 19566: 19561: 19531: 19526: 19517: 19495: 19493: 19480: 19424: 19356: 19355: 19354: 19263:Northern Cyprus 19035: 19026:Science fiction 18819:Oedipus complex 18779:Women's studies 18740: 18739: 18738: 18722: 18632:Oedipus complex 18622:Men in feminism 18587:Language reform 18562:Ideal womanhood 18543:Gender equality 18539:Formal equality 18502:Feminationalism 18440:Cognitive labor 18422: 18390:Native American 18359: 18358: 18357: 18256: 18166:Post-structural 17971: 17961: 17857: 17850: 17846:Women's history 17824: 17772: 17767: 17737: 17732: 17702: 17681: 17645: 17614: 17529: 17519: 17488: 17451: 17321: 17260: 17251:Gender variance 17231:Gender identity 17209: 17174: 17172:Gender equality 17169: 17129:Wayback Machine 17078:Wayback Machine 17071:Gender Equality 17047: 17046: 17045: 17035: 17034: 17032:Gender equality 17030: 17023: 17018: 17017: 17007: 17005: 17001: 16994: 16988: 16984: 16970: 16968: 16964: 16957: 16953: 16952: 16948: 16934: 16932: 16923: 16922: 16918: 16908: 16906: 16893: 16892: 16885: 16875: 16873: 16860: 16859: 16855: 16845: 16843: 16842:on July 8, 2001 16830: 16829: 16825: 16815: 16813: 16800: 16799: 16795: 16764: 16760: 16750: 16748: 16744: 16733: 16729: 16728: 16724: 16714: 16712: 16707:. 10 May 2007. 16697: 16696: 16692: 16682: 16680: 16676: 16665: 16661: 16660: 16656: 16646: 16644: 16629: 16625: 16615: 16613: 16598: 16594: 16584: 16582: 16569: 16568: 16564: 16554: 16552: 16539: 16538: 16534: 16524: 16522: 16518: 16507: 16503: 16502: 16498: 16489: 16487: 16474: 16473: 16469: 16458: 16457: 16453: 16444: 16442: 16429: 16428: 16424: 16415: 16413: 16398: 16394: 16384: 16382: 16374:Huffington Post 16365: 16361: 16348: 16347: 16343: 16338: 16331: 16321: 16319: 16315: 16304: 16300: 16299: 16295: 16272: 16268: 16259: 16257: 16248: 16247: 16240: 16232:. p. 450. 16226: 16222: 16213: 16211: 16188: 16181: 16172: 16170: 16147: 16143: 16133: 16131: 16124:Edition.cnn.com 16118: 16117: 16113: 16104: 16102: 16091: 16087: 16080: 16066: 16062: 16052: 16050: 16046: 16035: 16031: 16030: 16026: 16016: 16014: 16013:on 26 June 2014 16010: 15999: 15995: 15994: 15990: 15980: 15978: 15977:on 14 June 2006 15969: 15968: 15964: 15955: 15953: 15940: 15939: 15935: 15925: 15923: 15919: 15908: 15904: 15903: 15899: 15886: 15885: 15881: 15873: 15869: 15853: 15852: 15845: 15843: 15828: 15824: 15814: 15812: 15799: 15798: 15794: 15784: 15782: 15767: 15763: 15750: 15749: 15745: 15735: 15733: 15720: 15719: 15715: 15705: 15703: 15690: 15689: 15685: 15675: 15673: 15659: 15655: 15645: 15643: 15630: 15629: 15622: 15612: 15610: 15609:on 3 March 2018 15597: 15596: 15592: 15582: 15580: 15567: 15566: 15562: 15542: 15538: 15528: 15526: 15511: 15510: 15506: 15497: 15495: 15482: 15481: 15477: 15467: 15465: 15452: 15451: 15447: 15437: 15435: 15426: 15425: 15421: 15411: 15409: 15396: 15395: 15391: 15386: 15382: 15372: 15370: 15361: 15360: 15356: 15346: 15344: 15335: 15334: 15330: 15322: 15318: 15277: 15273: 15266:Resistance News 15262: 15258: 15251:Resistance News 15247: 15243: 15233: 15231: 15227: 15216: 15212: 15211: 15207: 15197: 15195: 15182: 15181: 15177: 15167: 15165: 15161: 15150: 15146: 15145: 15141: 15132: 15130: 15125:(in Romanian). 15117: 15115: 15111: 15102: 15100: 15096: 15088: 15087: 15083: 15040: 15036: 15023: 15021: 15014:Willamette Week 15006: 15002: 14989: 14987: 14972: 14968: 14961: 14943: 14918: 14900: 14896: 14887: 14885: 14881: 14848: 14839: 14835: 14827: 14823: 14822: 14818: 14809: 14807: 14800: 14799: 14795: 14786: 14784: 14776: 14775: 14771: 14762: 14760: 14749: 14745: 14736: 14734: 14726: 14725: 14716: 14707: 14705: 14697: 14696: 14689: 14680: 14678: 14670: 14669: 14662: 14631: 14627: 14610: 14601: 14591: 14589: 14576: 14575: 14571: 14561: 14559: 14546: 14545: 14538: 14528: 14526: 14513: 14512: 14508: 14492: 14491: 14487: 14473: 14469: 14459: 14457: 14453: 14442: 14436: 14432: 14422: 14420: 14416: 14410:Equalitynow.org 14405: 14401: 14400: 14396: 14386: 14384: 14372: 14368: 14367: 14363: 14353: 14351: 14338: 14337: 14330: 14320: 14318: 14314: 14303: 14299: 14298: 14294: 14284: 14282: 14269: 14268: 14264: 14254: 14252: 14239: 14238: 14234: 14224: 14222: 14209: 14208: 14204: 14194: 14192: 14179: 14178: 14174: 14164: 14162: 14153: 14152: 14148: 14138: 14136: 14132: 14121: 14117: 14116: 14112: 14102: 14100: 14096: 14085: 14081: 14080: 14076: 14066: 14064: 14060: 14049: 14043: 14039: 14029: 14027: 14012: 14008: 13998: 13996: 13981: 13980: 13976: 13966: 13964: 13960: 13949: 13945: 13944: 13940: 13930: 13928: 13924: 13913: 13909: 13908: 13893: 13883: 13881: 13874:Gbv.scot.nhs.uk 13868: 13867: 13858: 13848: 13846: 13833: 13832: 13828: 13818: 13816: 13803: 13802: 13798: 13788: 13786: 13773: 13772: 13768: 13758: 13756: 13752: 13741: 13737: 13736: 13732: 13722: 13720: 13707: 13706: 13702: 13692: 13690: 13677: 13676: 13672: 13627: 13623: 13613: 13611: 13607: 13596: 13586: 13582: 13572: 13570: 13557: 13556: 13552: 13542: 13540: 13527: 13526: 13522: 13512: 13510: 13495: 13491: 13482: 13480: 13476: 13469: 13461: 13454: 13444: 13442: 13429: 13428: 13424: 13415: 13413: 13398: 13394: 13341: 13337: 13327: 13325: 13310: 13306: 13296: 13294: 13276: 13272: 13262: 13260: 13249: 13245: 13200: 13196: 13184: 13183: 13174: 13173: 13166: 13164: 13144: 13140: 13130: 13128: 13124: 13118: 13103: 13095: 13091: 13081: 13079: 13075: 13064: 13053: 13049: 13039: 13037: 13033: 13026: 13022: 13021: 13017: 13007: 13005: 13001: 12990: 12986: 12985: 12981: 12971: 12969: 12954: 12950: 12940: 12938: 12925: 12924: 12920: 12912: 12908: 12899: 12897: 12893: 12882: 12878: 12877: 12873: 12864: 12862: 12858: 12847: 12843: 12842: 12835: 12827: 12816: 12812: 12811: 12802: 12792: 12790: 12766:1854/LU-5815751 12737: 12733: 12723: 12721: 12717: 12710: 12704: 12700: 12691: 12689: 12674: 12673: 12669: 12659: 12657: 12642: 12641: 12637: 12627: 12625: 12610: 12609: 12605: 12595: 12593: 12578: 12577: 12573: 12564: 12562: 12558: 12551: 12547: 12546: 12539: 12530: 12528: 12519: 12518: 12511: 12501: 12499: 12489: 12488: 12484: 12474: 12472: 12459: 12458: 12451: 12441: 12439: 12438:on July 7, 2004 12426: 12425: 12421: 12387: 12386: 12375: 12366: 12364: 12351: 12350: 12346: 12329: 12328: 12324: 12315: 12313: 12309: 12298: 12294: 12293: 12289: 12280: 12278: 12265: 12264: 12260: 12255:. 15 June 2020. 12245: 12244: 12240: 12205: 12201: 12194: 12168: 12164: 12121: 12117: 12080: 12076: 12067: 12066: 12062: 12049: 12048: 12044: 12009: 12005: 11995: 11993: 11978: 11974: 11966: 11962: 11933: 11929: 11913: 11912: 11905: 11903: 11899: 11876: 11870: 11866: 11856: 11854: 11839: 11835: 11827: 11823: 11813: 11811: 11796: 11792: 11782: 11780: 11767: 11766: 11762: 11752: 11750: 11733: 11729: 11719: 11717: 11704: 11703: 11699: 11689: 11687: 11674: 11673: 11669: 11659: 11657: 11644: 11640: 11630: 11628: 11613: 11606: 11591: 11577: 11570: 11555: 11541: 11537: 11510:Social Politics 11506: 11502: 11487: 11483: 11478:. 3 April 2019. 11474: 11473: 11469: 11460: 11459: 11455: 11428: 11424: 11389: 11385: 11344:(5): e0217015. 11330: 11326: 11311: 11292: 11288: 11257: 11253: 11238: 11224: 11220: 11183: 11179: 11125: 11121: 11112: 11111: 11107: 11098: 11096: 11087: 11086: 11082: 11072: 11070: 11066: 11059: 11053: 11049: 11040: 11038: 11027: 11023: 11013: 11011: 11007: 11000: 10994: 10987: 10977: 10975: 10971: 10960: 10956: 10955: 10951: 10944: 10926: 10922: 10905: 10903: 10888: 10884: 10877: 10855: 10851: 10840: 10836: 10826: 10824: 10807: 10803: 10794: 10792: 10777: 10773: 10757: 10756: 10749: 10747: 10732: 10728: 10718: 10716: 10712: 10693: 10687: 10686: 10682: 10672: 10670: 10662: 10656: 10655: 10651: 10641: 10639: 10626:(August 2009). 10621: 10617: 10607: 10605: 10587: 10583: 10578: 10574: 10565: 10561: 10544: 10540: 10534: 10516:Available Means 10512: 10508: 10501: 10476: 10472: 10462: 10460: 10447: 10446: 10437: 10420: 10416: 10377: 10370: 10363: 10359: 10350: 10348: 10344: 10333: 10327: 10323: 10314: 10312: 10299: 10298: 10294: 10289: 10283:, FAO, FAO. 10222: 10217: 10216: 10206: 10204: 10191: 10190: 10186: 10173: 10172: 10168: 10158: 10156: 10152: 10145: 10141: 10140: 10136: 10127: 10125: 10110: 10106: 10100: 10096: 10088: 10084: 10074: 10072: 10068: 10057: 10053: 10052: 10048: 10038: 10036: 10032: 10021: 10017: 10016: 10012: 10002: 10000: 9985: 9984: 9980: 9970: 9968: 9955: 9954: 9950: 9941: 9939: 9930: 9929: 9925: 9916: 9914: 9905: 9904: 9900: 9890: 9888: 9875: 9874: 9870: 9860: 9858: 9843: 9839: 9828: 9824: 9815: 9813: 9800: 9799: 9795: 9786: 9784: 9769: 9765: 9734: 9730: 9720: 9718: 9714: 9703: 9699: 9698: 9691: 9681: 9679: 9666: 9665: 9661: 9651: 9649: 9638: 9634: 9624: 9622: 9609: 9608: 9604: 9591: 9587: 9577: 9575: 9571: 9560: 9556: 9555: 9551: 9541: 9539: 9535: 9524: 9520: 9519: 9515: 9503: 9501: 9497: 9490: 9486: 9485: 9481: 9471: 9469: 9456: 9455: 9451: 9442: 9440: 9427: 9426: 9422: 9413: 9411: 9398: 9397: 9393: 9383: 9381: 9368: 9367: 9363: 9353: 9351: 9338: 9337: 9333: 9323: 9321: 9317: 9306: 9300: 9296: 9287: 9285: 9276: 9275: 9271: 9261: 9259: 9246: 9245: 9241: 9232: 9230: 9226: 9215: 9211: 9210: 9206: 9198: 9194: 9184: 9182: 9167: 9163: 9153: 9151: 9142: 9141: 9137: 9127: 9125: 9112: 9111: 9107: 9097: 9095: 9086: 9085: 9081: 9071: 9069: 9060: 9059: 9055: 9045: 9043: 9038:. Gallup, Inc. 9028: 9024: 9009: 8995: 8991: 8976: 8962: 8958: 8949: 8947: 8943: 8932: 8926: 8922: 8913: 8911: 8907: 8900: 8896: 8895: 8891: 8882: 8880: 8876: 8869: 8865: 8864: 8860: 8851: 8847: 8837: 8835: 8822: 8821: 8817: 8801: 8800: 8793: 8791: 8776: 8772: 8762: 8760: 8747: 8746: 8742: 8737: 8733: 8723: 8721: 8708: 8707: 8703: 8693: 8691: 8686:. 3 June 2013. 8678: 8677: 8673: 8663: 8661: 8648: 8647: 8643: 8633: 8631: 8627: 8616: 8605: 8601: 8585: 8584: 8578: 8576: 8558: 8551: 8543: 8518: 8512: 8508: 8492: 8491: 8461: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8446: 8440: 8436: 8431: 8427: 8418: 8414: 8393: 8389: 8380: 8376: 8370: 8366: 8361: 8357: 8338: 8334: 8317: 8313: 8303: 8299: 8289: 8285: 8252: 8248: 8239: 8235: 8226: 8222: 8205: 8201: 8184: 8180: 8171: 8167: 8158: 8154: 8140: 8136: 8123: 8119: 8114: 8110: 8100: 8096: 8088: 8084: 8059: 8055: 8050: 8046: 8037: 8033: 8028: 8024: 8009: 8005: 7999: 7995: 7981: 7977: 7971:, 12 April 2003 7964: 7960: 7954: 7950: 7944: 7940: 7919: 7915: 7901: 7897: 7887: 7883: 7862: 7858: 7848: 7844: 7838:Forced abortion 7810:Sex trafficking 7798:Forced marriage 7770:Sexual violence 7767: 7763: 7757:Napoleonic Code 7754: 7750: 7741: 7737: 7731: 7727: 7722: 7718: 7709: 7705: 7700: 7696: 7691: 7687: 7677:sexual violence 7671: 7667: 7650: 7646: 7625: 7621: 7612: 7608: 7591: 7587: 7582: 7581: 7569: 7565: 7560: 7556: 7547: 7543: 7538: 7484: 7442:The Girl Effect 7403: 7384:(United States) 7319:(United States) 7313:(United States) 7297: 7285:(after divorce) 7227: 7225:Specific issues 7160: 7155: 7145: 7143: 7135: 7129: 7123: 7120: 7110: 7097: 7086: 7037: 7031: 7005: 6962:One World Media 6946:Pulitzer prizes 6941: 6921: 6915: 6878: 6860: 6837: 6832: 6692:. In 1978, the 6673: 6641:member states. 6611: 6607: 6605: 6601: 6599: 6595: 6593: 6589: 6577: 6571: 6537: 6529:Main articles: 6527: 6477: 6455: 6439: 6431:Main articles: 6429: 6424: 6415:virginity tests 6407:forced abortion 6382:maternity leave 6340: 6332:Main articles: 6330: 6279: 6247: 6239:Main articles: 6237: 6232: 6208: 6202: 6184:forced marriage 6180: 6174:Forced marriage 6172:Main articles: 6162: 6128:Road sign near 6122: 6087:initiation rite 6062:which leads to 6010: 5986: 5938:forced marriage 5909:Family planning 5886: 5855:forced marriage 5840:right to health 5793: 5791:Forced abortion 5779: 5771:Main articles: 5769: 5729: 5723: 5562: 5538:Pacific Islands 5501:forced marriage 5465: 5439: 5411:substance abuse 5298: 5293: 5287: 5217: 5211: 5123:Europeanisation 5078: 5042:Heinrich Kramer 5012:Western culture 5004: 4972: 4966: 4741:Maputo Protocol 4734:armed conflicts 4706:, known as the 4693:family planning 4593: 4587: 4581: 4523: 4522: 4521: 4520: 4519: 4516: 4507: 4506: 4505: 4499: 4490: 4489: 4488: 4482: 4471: 4465: 4448: 4427:gender wage gap 4415:sex trafficking 4392:formal equality 4371:outside of the 4332:sexual equality 4328:Gender equality 4321: 4281: 4269: 4262: 4261: 4144: 4136: 4135: 3938:North Macedonia 3682: 3672: 3671: 3670: 3669: 3660:Liberal parties 3598: 3590: 3589: 3380: 3372: 3371: 3102: 3092: 3091: 3076: 3066: 3065: 3061:State of nature 3049:Social services 3039:Social contract 3002:To own property 2805: 2797: 2796: 2681: 2644: 2615: 2614: 2582: 2574: 2573: 2536: 2528: 2527: 2522: 2493:Fathers' rights 2470: 2462: 2461: 2444: 2413: 2370: 2342: 2319: 2291: 2272:Men in feminism 2268: 2259: 2240: 2223:Gender equality 2199: 2191: 2190: 2162:HimToo movement 2143: 2106: 2070: 2068: 2063: 2062: 1964: 1911: 1903: 1902: 1901: 1810:Northern Cyprus 1590: 1582: 1581: 1576: 1398:Science fiction 1349: 1328:Women's studies 1293:Feminist method 1283: 1273: 1272: 1267: 1213: 1205: 1204: 1203: 1187: 1097:Oedipus complex 1087:Men in feminism 1052:Language reform 1027:Ideal womanhood 1007:Gender equality 1002:Formal equality 965:Feminationalism 903:Cognitive labor 897: 889: 888: 887: 844:Post-structural 743: 733: 732: 731: 640: 630: 629: 628: 611: 608:Gender-critical 607: 606: 557:Femonationalism 541: 533: 532: 527: 506:Native American 446: 401:Critical theory 363: 305: 295: 294: 289: 244:Second Republic 172: 142: 109: 83:Women's history 63: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 21010: 21000: 20999: 20994: 20989: 20987:Gender studies 20984: 20979: 20974: 20969: 20952: 20951: 20949: 20948: 20943: 20937: 20935: 20931: 20930: 20928: 20927: 20922: 20920:Transformative 20917: 20912: 20907: 20902: 20897: 20892: 20887: 20882: 20877: 20872: 20867: 20862: 20857: 20852: 20847: 20842: 20836: 20834: 20830: 20829: 20827: 20826: 20821: 20816: 20811: 20809:Organizational 20806: 20801: 20796: 20791: 20786: 20781: 20775: 20773: 20766: 20765: 20757: 20756: 20749: 20742: 20734: 20725: 20724: 20722: 20721: 20716: 20711: 20706: 20701: 20696: 20691: 20686: 20681: 20676: 20671: 20665: 20663: 20659: 20658: 20655: 20654: 20652: 20651: 20646: 20641: 20636: 20634:Plurisexuality 20631: 20626: 20621: 20616: 20611: 20606: 20601: 20595: 20593: 20589: 20588: 20586: 20585: 20580: 20575: 20570: 20565: 20563:Sociosexuality 20559: 20557: 20556:Social aspects 20553: 20552: 20550: 20549: 20544: 20539: 20534: 20529: 20524: 20519: 20514: 20509: 20504: 20502:Heteroflexible 20499: 20498: 20497: 20487: 20482: 20477: 20472: 20467: 20462: 20456: 20454: 20450: 20449: 20447: 20446: 20441: 20436: 20431: 20425: 20423: 20414: 20404: 20403: 20400: 20399: 20397: 20396: 20391: 20386: 20384:Vakasalewalewa 20381: 20376: 20371: 20366: 20361: 20356: 20351: 20346: 20341: 20336: 20331: 20326: 20321: 20316: 20311: 20306: 20301: 20296: 20291: 20286: 20281: 20276: 20275: 20274: 20264: 20259: 20254: 20253: 20252: 20249: 20246: 20238: 20233: 20228: 20223: 20217: 20215: 20207: 20206: 20204: 20203: 20198: 20197: 20196: 20191: 20186: 20176: 20171: 20170: 20169: 20159: 20154: 20149: 20144: 20139: 20134: 20129: 20124: 20119: 20114: 20109: 20104: 20099: 20094: 20089: 20083: 20081: 20072: 20064: 20063: 20051: 20050: 20043: 20036: 20028: 20019: 20018: 20016: 20015: 20004: 20001: 20000: 19997: 19996: 19994: 19993: 19988: 19982: 19980: 19976: 19975: 19973: 19972: 19967: 19962: 19957: 19952: 19947: 19942: 19936: 19934: 19925: 19921: 19920: 19918: 19913: 19911: 19907: 19906: 19904: 19903: 19898: 19893: 19888: 19886:Michael Kimmel 19883: 19878: 19876:Warren Farrell 19873: 19868: 19862: 19860: 19856: 19855: 19852: 19851: 19849: 19848: 19843: 19841:United Kingdom 19838: 19833: 19828: 19822: 19820: 19811: 19810: 19805: 19800: 19799: 19798: 19788: 19783: 19781:Men's movement 19777: 19775: 19771: 19770: 19767: 19766: 19764: 19763: 19758: 19753: 19748: 19743: 19737: 19735: 19731: 19730: 19728: 19727: 19722: 19717: 19711: 19709: 19705: 19704: 19702: 19701: 19696: 19690: 19688: 19684: 19683: 19681: 19680: 19675: 19670: 19665: 19660: 19658:Patrilineality 19655: 19650: 19645: 19640: 19635: 19633:Paper abortion 19630: 19624: 19622: 19618: 19617: 19615: 19614: 19609: 19604: 19599: 19597:Gender pay gap 19594: 19589: 19583: 19581: 19572: 19568: 19567: 19560: 19559: 19552: 19545: 19537: 19528: 19527: 19525: 19524: 19514: 19504: 19489: 19486: 19485: 19482: 19481: 19479: 19478: 19473: 19469:SCUM Manifesto 19465: 19460: 19455: 19454: 19453: 19448: 19438: 19432: 19430: 19426: 19425: 19423: 19418: 19413: 19408: 19403: 19398: 19393: 19388: 19383: 19378: 19373: 19371: 19362: 19358: 19357: 19353: 19352: 19351: 19350: 19340: 19338:United Kingdom 19335: 19330: 19325: 19320: 19315: 19310: 19305: 19300: 19295: 19290: 19285: 19280: 19275: 19270: 19265: 19260: 19255: 19250: 19245: 19240: 19235: 19234: 19233: 19228: 19223: 19218: 19213: 19208: 19203: 19198: 19188: 19183: 19178: 19173: 19168: 19163: 19158: 19153: 19148: 19143: 19138: 19133: 19128: 19123: 19118: 19113: 19108: 19103: 19098: 19093: 19092: 19091: 19086: 19081: 19076: 19071: 19066: 19061: 19056: 19045: 19044: 19043: 19041: 19037: 19036: 19034: 19033: 19028: 19023: 19018: 19013: 19011:Existentialism 19008: 19003: 18998: 18997: 18996: 18986: 18981: 18980: 18979: 18974: 18969: 18967:Existentialism 18964: 18963: 18962: 18960:Justice ethics 18952: 18947: 18942: 18932: 18927: 18922: 18921: 18920: 18910: 18905: 18900: 18895: 18890: 18885: 18884: 18883: 18878: 18873: 18863: 18858: 18853: 18848: 18843: 18842: 18841: 18836: 18826: 18821: 18816: 18811: 18806: 18801: 18796: 18791: 18786: 18781: 18776: 18770: 18765: 18760: 18758:Gender studies 18755: 18750: 18748: 18742: 18741: 18737: 18736: 18731: 18729:Women's rights 18726: 18723:Women's health 18719: 18714: 18709: 18704: 18699: 18694: 18689: 18684: 18679: 18674: 18669: 18664: 18659: 18654: 18649: 18644: 18639: 18634: 18629: 18624: 18619: 18614: 18609: 18607:Male privilege 18604: 18599: 18594: 18589: 18584: 18576:International 18574: 18569: 18564: 18559: 18554: 18549: 18544: 18541: 18536: 18531: 18530: 18529: 18524: 18519: 18509: 18504: 18499: 18494: 18489: 18484: 18479: 18474: 18469: 18464: 18459: 18458: 18457: 18447: 18442: 18436: 18435: 18434: 18432: 18428: 18427: 18424: 18423: 18421: 18416: 18411: 18410: 18409: 18399: 18398: 18397: 18392: 18387: 18377: 18372: 18367: 18365: 18361: 18360: 18356: 18355: 18350: 18349: 18348: 18338: 18333: 18328: 18327: 18326: 18321: 18316: 18306: 18305: 18304: 18299: 18294: 18289: 18279: 18274: 18268: 18267: 18266: 18264: 18258: 18257: 18255: 18254: 18249: 18248: 18247: 18237: 18232: 18227: 18222: 18217: 18212: 18211: 18210: 18200: 18195: 18190: 18185: 18180: 18175: 18174: 18173: 18163: 18158: 18153: 18148: 18143: 18138: 18133: 18128: 18123: 18122: 18121: 18111: 18106: 18101: 18096: 18095: 18094: 18084: 18079: 18074: 18069: 18064: 18059: 18058: 18057: 18047: 18042: 18041: 18040: 18030: 18025: 18020: 18015: 18010: 18005: 18000: 17995: 17990: 17984: 17982: 17975: 17967: 17966: 17963: 17962: 17960: 17959: 17958: 17957: 17956: 17955: 17950: 17945: 17935: 17930: 17920: 17919: 17918: 17911:United Kingdom 17908: 17903: 17898: 17893: 17888: 17883: 17878: 17873: 17867: 17865: 17859: 17858: 17856: 17855: 17848: 17843: 17838: 17832: 17830: 17826: 17825: 17823: 17822: 17817: 17812: 17811: 17810: 17800: 17795: 17789: 17787: 17780: 17774: 17773: 17766: 17765: 17758: 17751: 17743: 17734: 17733: 17731: 17730: 17725: 17720: 17714: 17712: 17708: 17707: 17704: 17703: 17701: 17700: 17695: 17689: 17687: 17683: 17682: 17680: 17679: 17674: 17668: 17666: 17659: 17655: 17654: 17651: 17650: 17647: 17646: 17644: 17643: 17633: 17628: 17622: 17620: 17613: 17612: 17607: 17605:United Kingdom 17602: 17597: 17592: 17587: 17582: 17577: 17572: 17567: 17562: 17554: 17549: 17544: 17539: 17533: 17531: 17525: 17524: 17521: 17520: 17518: 17517: 17512: 17507: 17502: 17496: 17494: 17490: 17489: 17487: 17486: 17484:Gender pay gap 17481: 17476: 17474:Economic abuse 17470: 17468: 17461: 17453: 17452: 17450: 17449: 17444: 17439: 17434: 17429: 17424: 17419: 17414: 17409: 17404: 17399: 17394: 17389: 17384: 17379: 17374: 17369: 17364: 17359: 17354: 17349: 17344: 17338: 17336: 17329: 17323: 17322: 17320: 17319: 17314: 17309: 17304: 17299: 17294: 17289: 17284: 17279: 17274: 17268: 17266: 17262: 17261: 17259: 17258: 17253: 17248: 17243: 17238: 17233: 17228: 17223: 17217: 17215: 17211: 17210: 17208: 17207: 17198: 17189: 17179: 17176: 17175: 17168: 17167: 17160: 17153: 17145: 17139: 17138: 17132: 17131: 17119: 17113: 17107: 17097: 17087: 17081: 17068: 17062: 17059:United Nations 17044: 17043: 17037: 17036: 17025: 17024: 17022: 17021:External links 17019: 17016: 17015: 16982: 16946: 16916: 16883: 16853: 16823: 16793: 16758: 16722: 16690: 16654: 16623: 16592: 16562: 16547:. 2015-01-14. 16532: 16496: 16467: 16451: 16437:. 2019-02-13. 16422: 16392: 16359: 16356:on 2016-04-28. 16341: 16329: 16293: 16282:(3): 221–238. 16266: 16238: 16220: 16196:The New Yorker 16179: 16141: 16111: 16085: 16078: 16060: 16024: 15988: 15962: 15933: 15897: 15879: 15867: 15822: 15792: 15761: 15743: 15713: 15683: 15653: 15620: 15603:United Nations 15590: 15560: 15536: 15525:on 20 May 2019 15504: 15475: 15445: 15419: 15389: 15380: 15354: 15328: 15316: 15287:(5): 603–615. 15271: 15256: 15241: 15205: 15175: 15139: 15109: 15081: 15034: 15000: 14966: 14959: 14953:. Touchstone. 14941: 14927:(April 2000). 14916: 14894: 14861:(2): 295–315. 14833: 14816: 14793: 14769: 14743: 14714: 14687: 14660: 14641:(4): 175–191. 14625: 14599: 14569: 14536: 14506: 14485: 14467: 14430: 14394: 14377:Popcouncil.org 14361: 14328: 14292: 14262: 14232: 14202: 14172: 14146: 14110: 14074: 14037: 14006: 13974: 13938: 13891: 13856: 13826: 13796: 13766: 13730: 13700: 13683:News.bbc.co.uk 13670: 13641:(4): 551–577. 13621: 13580: 13550: 13535:. 2017-02-14. 13533:Balkan Insight 13520: 13489: 13452: 13422: 13392: 13355:(2): 209–217. 13335: 13304: 13270: 13243: 13194: 13185:|website= 13157:United Nations 13138: 13116: 13089: 13047: 13015: 12979: 12948: 12918: 12914:Sex and Reason 12906: 12871: 12833: 12800: 12731: 12698: 12684:. 2019-06-06. 12667: 12649:Global Citizen 12635: 12603: 12571: 12537: 12509: 12482: 12449: 12419: 12373: 12344: 12322: 12287: 12258: 12238: 12219:(2): 321–342. 12199: 12192: 12162: 12135:(2): 225–270. 12115: 12094:(4): 591–614. 12074: 12060: 12042: 12023:(2): 197–220. 12003: 11972: 11960: 11947:(2): 512–530. 11927: 11887:(4): 539–543. 11864: 11833: 11821: 11790: 11760: 11727: 11697: 11667: 11638: 11604: 11589: 11568: 11553: 11535: 11516:(4): 534–557. 11500: 11481: 11467: 11453: 11442:(5): 431–453. 11422: 11383: 11324: 11309: 11286: 11267:(2): 159–180. 11251: 11236: 11218: 11197:(1): 101–113. 11177: 11119: 11105: 11080: 11047: 11021: 11010:on May 5, 2011 10985: 10949: 10942: 10920: 10882: 10875: 10849: 10834: 10801: 10771: 10726: 10680: 10649: 10615: 10581: 10572: 10559: 10538: 10532: 10506: 10499: 10470: 10459:on 20 May 2019 10435: 10414: 10387:(6): 893–908. 10368: 10357: 10321: 10291: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10221: 10218: 10215: 10214: 10184: 10181:on 2015-03-06. 10166: 10134: 10104: 10094: 10082: 10062:Ceflonline.net 10046: 10010: 9978: 9948: 9923: 9898: 9868: 9837: 9822: 9808:. 2011-10-26. 9793: 9763: 9744:(3): 289–325. 9728: 9689: 9672:News.bbc.co.uk 9659: 9648:on May 9, 2016 9632: 9602: 9585: 9549: 9513: 9479: 9462:Deutsche Welle 9449: 9435:. 2006-12-07. 9420: 9391: 9361: 9331: 9294: 9269: 9239: 9204: 9192: 9161: 9135: 9105: 9079: 9053: 9022: 9007: 8989: 8974: 8956: 8920: 8889: 8858: 8845: 8815: 8770: 8740: 8731: 8701: 8671: 8660:on 2 July 2015 8641: 8599: 8549: 8506: 8489:on 2015-12-08. 8454: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8445: 8444: 8434: 8425: 8412: 8387: 8374: 8364: 8355: 8332: 8311: 8309: 8308: 8297: 8292:Pashtun tribes 8283: 8269:, such as the 8267:Northern India 8246: 8233: 8220: 8199: 8187:European Union 8178: 8165: 8152: 8134: 8117: 8108: 8094: 8082: 8066:United Nations 8053: 8044: 8031: 8022: 8019: 8018: 8003: 7993: 7991: 7990: 7975: 7958: 7948: 7938: 7913: 7911: 7910: 7895: 7893: 7892: 7881: 7856: 7842: 7790:Child marriage 7761: 7748: 7735: 7725: 7716: 7703: 7694: 7685: 7665: 7651:An example is 7644: 7619: 7606: 7584: 7583: 7580: 7579: 7563: 7554: 7540: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7533: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7490: 7483: 7480: 7479: 7478: 7472: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7445: 7439: 7433: 7427: 7422: 7416: 7410: 7402: 7399: 7398: 7397: 7396:(France, 1789) 7391: 7385: 7375: 7369: 7363: 7358: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7326: 7320: 7314: 7308: 7303: 7296: 7293: 7292: 7291: 7289:Women in Islam 7286: 7280: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7243:(in education) 7238: 7233: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7169:Egalitarianism 7166: 7159: 7158:General issues 7156: 7154: 7153: 7131: 7130: 7100: 7098: 7091: 7085: 7082: 7065:United Nations 7033:Main article: 7030: 7027: 7023:women's health 7004: 7001: 7000: 6999: 6980: 6973: 6965: 6958:Women's Rights 6952:. In 2015 the 6940: 6937: 6917:Main article: 6914: 6911: 6859: 6856: 6843:(DBP) and the 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6672: 6669: 6639:European Union 6606: 6600: 6594: 6588: 6573:Main article: 6570: 6567: 6526: 6523: 6454: 6451: 6428: 6425: 6386:parental leave 6358:New York Times 6353:Silicon Valley 6329: 6326: 6315:European Union 6254:Gender pay gap 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6204:Main article: 6201: 6198: 6178:Child marriage 6161: 6158: 6121: 6118: 6110:breast ironing 6098:sexual slavery 6064:untouchability 6009: 6006: 5985: 5982: 5885: 5882: 5871:honor killings 5859:child marriage 5768: 5765: 5741:STD prevention 5722: 5719: 5718: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5702: 5699: 5696: 5693: 5682: 5681: 5664: 5663: 5635: 5634: 5631: 5627: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5617: 5614: 5610: 5609: 5606: 5602: 5601: 5598: 5594: 5593: 5588: 5573: 5572: 5561: 5558: 5505:child marriage 5461:Main article: 5438: 5435: 5427:cultural norms 5323:women's health 5297: 5294: 5286: 5283: 5221:European Union 5210: 5207: 5160:gender neutral 5119:Westernization 5103:honor killings 5083:European Union 5077: 5074: 5003: 5000: 4992:women's rights 4968:Main article: 4965: 4964:United Nations 4962: 4826: 4825: 4824: 4823: 4816: 4813: 4810: 4804: 4794: 4793: 4782: 4771: 4760: 4737: 4726: 4711: 4700: 4673: 4662: 4639: 4636:bill of rights 4624: 4613:United Nations 4609:women's rights 4580: 4577: 4554: 4517: 4510: 4509: 4508: 4500: 4493: 4492: 4491: 4483: 4476: 4475: 4474: 4473: 4472: 4467:Main article: 4464: 4461: 4447: 4444: 4408:women's rights 4361:United Nations 4323: 4322: 4320: 4319: 4312: 4305: 4297: 4294: 4293: 4292: 4291: 4279: 4264: 4263: 4260: 4259: 4257:Utilitarianism 4254: 4249: 4244: 4243: 4242: 4237: 4230:Libertarianism 4227: 4225:Land value tax 4222: 4221: 4220: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4198:Egalitarianism 4195: 4190: 4189: 4188: 4178: 4177: 4176: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4154:Anti-communism 4151: 4145: 4143:Related topics 4142: 4141: 4138: 4137: 4134: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4117: 4116: 4111: 4110: 4109: 4099: 4097:Arizona School 4089: 4088: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4065:United Kingdom 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3976: 3975: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3879: 3878: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3837: 3836: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3755: 3754: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3683: 3678: 3677: 3674: 3673: 3668: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3601: 3600: 3599: 3596: 3595: 3592: 3591: 3588: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3381: 3378: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3370: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3192:Wollstonecraft 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3103: 3098: 3097: 3094: 3093: 3090: 3089: 3083: 3077: 3072: 3071: 3068: 3067: 3064: 3063: 3058: 3057: 3056: 3051: 3044:Social justice 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3010: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2984: 2983: 2982: 2977: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2945:Market economy 2942: 2937: 2936: 2935: 2930: 2920: 2913: 2908: 2906:Invisible hand 2903: 2898: 2896:Harm principle 2893: 2892: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2875: 2874: 2869: 2854: 2849: 2848: 2847: 2842: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2806: 2803: 2802: 2799: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2773: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2761: 2760: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2709: 2708: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2678: 2675: 2674: 2666: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2646: 2645: 2643: 2642: 2635: 2628: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2611: 2610: 2609: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2530: 2529: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2513:United Kingdom 2510: 2505: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2489: 2488: 2487: 2486: 2478: 2477: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2464: 2463: 2458: 2457: 2456: 2455: 2450: 2448:Reverse sexism 2443: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2419: 2412: 2411: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2388: 2387: 2386: 2381: 2369: 2368: 2362: 2357: 2350: 2349: 2348: 2341: 2340: 2334: 2327: 2326: 2325: 2318: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2292: 2290: 2289: 2283: 2276: 2275: 2274: 2267: 2266: 2260: 2258: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2241: 2239: 2238: 2233: 2227: 2226: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2207: 2206: 2200: 2197: 2196: 2193: 2192: 2187: 2186: 2185: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2167:Men's movement 2164: 2159: 2154: 2144: 2141: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2128: 2127: 2121: 2120: 2108: 2107: 2105: 2104: 2097: 2090: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2065: 2064: 2059: 2058: 2057: 2056: 2051: 2043: 2042: 2038: 2037: 2036: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1993:Feminist poets 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1963: 1962: 1960:Feminist songs 1957: 1956: 1955: 1950: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1936:by nationality 1928: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1900: 1899: 1898: 1897: 1887: 1885:United Kingdom 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1781: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1639: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1592: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1577: 1575: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1536: 1535: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1496:Existentialism 1493: 1492: 1491: 1489:Justice ethics 1481: 1476: 1471: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1450: 1449: 1447:Constructivism 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1423: 1422: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1401: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1359: 1356: 1355: 1354:Areas of study 1351: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1298:Gender studies 1295: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1269: 1268: 1266: 1265: 1263:SCUM Manifesto 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1219: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1202: 1201: 1196: 1194:Women's rights 1191: 1188:Women's health 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1072:Male privilege 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1041:International 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 993: 992: 987: 982: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 921: 920: 910: 905: 899: 898: 895: 894: 891: 890: 886: 885: 880: 878:Technofeminism 875: 874: 873: 868: 863: 853: 852: 851: 841: 836: 835: 834: 833: 832: 822: 817: 807: 806: 805: 804: 803: 788: 783: 778: 777: 776: 771: 761: 756: 751: 745: 744: 739: 738: 735: 734: 730: 729: 724: 723: 722: 712: 707: 702: 701: 700: 695: 690: 680: 679: 678: 673: 668: 663: 653: 648: 642: 641: 636: 635: 632: 631: 627: 626: 621: 616: 603: 602: 601: 596: 591: 581: 576: 575: 574: 564: 559: 554: 549: 543: 542: 540:Other variants 539: 538: 535: 534: 529: 528: 526: 525: 520: 515: 510: 509: 508: 498: 497: 496: 486: 485: 484: 479: 474: 464: 458: 455: 454: 448: 447: 445: 444: 439: 438: 437: 432: 422: 421: 420: 410: 409: 408: 403: 393: 388: 387: 386: 375: 372: 371: 365: 364: 362: 361: 356: 355: 354: 344: 339: 338: 337: 332: 327: 317: 311: 306: 301: 300: 297: 296: 291: 290: 288: 287: 286: 285: 275: 274: 273: 268: 266:Cayman Islands 261:United Kingdom 258: 253: 252: 251: 246: 238: 233: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 192: 189: 188: 181: 180: 179: 178: 171: 170: 169: 168: 163: 152: 149: 148: 144: 143: 141: 140: 135: 130: 125: 119: 116: 115: 111: 110: 108: 107: 106: 105: 100: 95: 90: 80: 75: 69: 64: 61: 60: 57: 56: 48: 47: 41: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 21009: 20998: 20995: 20993: 20990: 20988: 20985: 20983: 20980: 20978: 20975: 20973: 20970: 20968: 20965: 20964: 20962: 20947: 20944: 20942: 20939: 20938: 20936: 20932: 20926: 20923: 20921: 20918: 20916: 20913: 20911: 20908: 20906: 20903: 20901: 20898: 20896: 20893: 20891: 20888: 20886: 20883: 20881: 20878: 20876: 20873: 20871: 20868: 20866: 20863: 20861: 20858: 20856: 20853: 20851: 20850:Environmental 20848: 20846: 20843: 20841: 20838: 20837: 20835: 20831: 20825: 20822: 20820: 20817: 20815: 20812: 20810: 20807: 20805: 20802: 20800: 20797: 20795: 20794:Interactional 20792: 20790: 20787: 20785: 20782: 20780: 20777: 20776: 20774: 20772: 20767: 20763: 20755: 20750: 20748: 20743: 20741: 20736: 20735: 20732: 20720: 20717: 20715: 20712: 20710: 20707: 20705: 20702: 20700: 20697: 20695: 20692: 20690: 20687: 20685: 20682: 20680: 20677: 20675: 20672: 20670: 20667: 20666: 20664: 20660: 20650: 20647: 20645: 20642: 20640: 20639:Postgenderism 20637: 20635: 20632: 20630: 20629:Monosexuality 20627: 20625: 20622: 20620: 20617: 20615: 20612: 20610: 20607: 20605: 20602: 20600: 20599:Allosexuality 20597: 20596: 20594: 20590: 20584: 20581: 20579: 20578:Homosociality 20576: 20574: 20571: 20569: 20568:Antisexuality 20566: 20564: 20561: 20560: 20558: 20554: 20548: 20545: 20543: 20540: 20538: 20535: 20533: 20530: 20528: 20525: 20523: 20520: 20518: 20515: 20513: 20510: 20508: 20505: 20503: 20500: 20496: 20493: 20492: 20491: 20488: 20486: 20483: 20481: 20478: 20476: 20473: 20471: 20468: 20466: 20463: 20461: 20458: 20457: 20455: 20451: 20445: 20442: 20440: 20437: 20435: 20432: 20430: 20427: 20426: 20424: 20422: 20418: 20415: 20413: 20405: 20395: 20392: 20390: 20387: 20385: 20382: 20380: 20377: 20375: 20372: 20370: 20367: 20365: 20362: 20360: 20357: 20355: 20352: 20350: 20347: 20345: 20342: 20340: 20337: 20335: 20332: 20330: 20327: 20325: 20322: 20320: 20317: 20315: 20312: 20310: 20307: 20305: 20302: 20300: 20297: 20295: 20292: 20290: 20287: 20285: 20282: 20280: 20277: 20273: 20270: 20269: 20268: 20265: 20263: 20260: 20258: 20255: 20250: 20247: 20244: 20243: 20242: 20241:Bugis genders 20239: 20237: 20234: 20232: 20229: 20227: 20224: 20222: 20219: 20218: 20216: 20212: 20211:Third genders 20208: 20202: 20199: 20195: 20192: 20190: 20187: 20185: 20182: 20181: 20180: 20177: 20175: 20172: 20168: 20165: 20164: 20163: 20160: 20158: 20155: 20153: 20150: 20148: 20145: 20143: 20140: 20138: 20135: 20133: 20132:Gender bender 20130: 20128: 20125: 20123: 20122:Cross-dresser 20120: 20118: 20115: 20113: 20110: 20108: 20105: 20103: 20100: 20098: 20095: 20093: 20090: 20088: 20085: 20084: 20082: 20080: 20076: 20073: 20071: 20065: 20060: 20056: 20049: 20044: 20042: 20037: 20035: 20030: 20029: 20026: 20014: 20006: 20005: 20002: 19992: 19991:Androcentrism 19989: 19987: 19984: 19983: 19981: 19977: 19971: 19968: 19966: 19963: 19961: 19958: 19956: 19953: 19951: 19948: 19946: 19943: 19941: 19938: 19937: 19935: 19933: 19929: 19926: 19922: 19917: 19914: 19912: 19908: 19902: 19901:Bettina Arndt 19899: 19897: 19894: 19892: 19889: 19887: 19884: 19882: 19879: 19877: 19874: 19872: 19869: 19867: 19864: 19863: 19861: 19857: 19847: 19846:United States 19844: 19842: 19839: 19837: 19834: 19832: 19829: 19827: 19824: 19823: 19821: 19819: 19815: 19809: 19806: 19804: 19801: 19797: 19794: 19793: 19792: 19789: 19787: 19784: 19782: 19779: 19778: 19776: 19772: 19762: 19759: 19757: 19754: 19752: 19749: 19747: 19744: 19742: 19741:Herbivore men 19739: 19738: 19736: 19732: 19726: 19723: 19721: 19718: 19716: 19713: 19712: 19710: 19706: 19700: 19697: 19695: 19694:Men's shelter 19692: 19691: 19689: 19685: 19679: 19676: 19674: 19671: 19669: 19666: 19664: 19661: 19659: 19656: 19654: 19651: 19649: 19646: 19644: 19641: 19639: 19638:Paternal bond 19636: 19634: 19631: 19629: 19626: 19625: 19623: 19619: 19613: 19610: 19608: 19605: 19603: 19600: 19598: 19595: 19593: 19590: 19588: 19585: 19584: 19582: 19580: 19576: 19573: 19569: 19565: 19558: 19553: 19551: 19546: 19544: 19539: 19538: 19535: 19523: 19515: 19513: 19505: 19503: 19502: 19491: 19490: 19487: 19477: 19474: 19471: 19470: 19466: 19464: 19461: 19459: 19456: 19452: 19449: 19447: 19444: 19443: 19442: 19439: 19437: 19434: 19433: 19431: 19427: 19422: 19419: 19417: 19414: 19412: 19409: 19407: 19404: 19402: 19399: 19397: 19394: 19392: 19389: 19387: 19384: 19382: 19379: 19377: 19374: 19372: 19370: 19366: 19363: 19359: 19349: 19346: 19345: 19344: 19343:United States 19341: 19339: 19336: 19334: 19331: 19329: 19326: 19324: 19321: 19319: 19316: 19314: 19311: 19309: 19306: 19304: 19301: 19299: 19296: 19294: 19291: 19289: 19286: 19284: 19281: 19279: 19276: 19274: 19271: 19269: 19266: 19264: 19261: 19259: 19256: 19254: 19251: 19249: 19246: 19244: 19241: 19239: 19236: 19232: 19229: 19227: 19224: 19222: 19219: 19217: 19214: 19212: 19209: 19207: 19204: 19202: 19199: 19197: 19194: 19193: 19192: 19191:Latin America 19189: 19187: 19184: 19182: 19179: 19177: 19174: 19172: 19169: 19167: 19164: 19162: 19159: 19157: 19154: 19152: 19149: 19147: 19144: 19142: 19139: 19137: 19134: 19132: 19129: 19127: 19124: 19122: 19119: 19117: 19114: 19112: 19109: 19107: 19104: 19102: 19099: 19097: 19094: 19090: 19087: 19085: 19082: 19080: 19077: 19075: 19072: 19070: 19067: 19065: 19062: 19060: 19057: 19055: 19052: 19051: 19050: 19047: 19046: 19042: 19038: 19032: 19029: 19027: 19024: 19022: 19021:Technoscience 19019: 19017: 19014: 19012: 19009: 19007: 19004: 19002: 18999: 18995: 18992: 18991: 18990: 18987: 18985: 18982: 18978: 18975: 18973: 18970: 18968: 18965: 18961: 18958: 18957: 18956: 18953: 18951: 18948: 18946: 18943: 18941: 18938: 18937: 18936: 18933: 18931: 18928: 18926: 18923: 18919: 18916: 18915: 18914: 18911: 18909: 18906: 18904: 18901: 18899: 18896: 18894: 18891: 18889: 18886: 18882: 18879: 18877: 18874: 18872: 18871:Art criticism 18869: 18868: 18867: 18864: 18862: 18859: 18857: 18854: 18852: 18849: 18847: 18844: 18840: 18837: 18835: 18832: 18831: 18830: 18827: 18825: 18822: 18820: 18817: 18815: 18812: 18810: 18807: 18805: 18802: 18800: 18797: 18795: 18792: 18790: 18787: 18785: 18784:Men's studies 18782: 18780: 18777: 18775: 18772: 18771: 18769: 18766: 18764: 18761: 18759: 18756: 18754: 18751: 18749: 18747: 18743: 18735: 18732: 18730: 18727: 18725: 18720: 18718: 18715: 18713: 18710: 18708: 18705: 18703: 18700: 18698: 18695: 18693: 18692:Transmisogyny 18690: 18688: 18685: 18683: 18680: 18678: 18675: 18673: 18670: 18668: 18665: 18663: 18660: 18658: 18655: 18653: 18652:Purplewashing 18650: 18648: 18647:Protofeminism 18645: 18643: 18640: 18638: 18635: 18633: 18630: 18628: 18625: 18623: 18620: 18618: 18615: 18613: 18610: 18608: 18605: 18603: 18600: 18598: 18595: 18593: 18590: 18588: 18585: 18583: 18579: 18575: 18573: 18570: 18568: 18565: 18563: 18560: 18558: 18557:Honor killing 18555: 18553: 18550: 18548: 18545: 18542: 18540: 18537: 18535: 18532: 18528: 18525: 18523: 18520: 18518: 18515: 18514: 18513: 18510: 18508: 18505: 18503: 18500: 18498: 18495: 18493: 18490: 18488: 18485: 18483: 18480: 18478: 18475: 18473: 18470: 18468: 18465: 18463: 18460: 18456: 18453: 18452: 18451: 18448: 18446: 18443: 18441: 18438: 18437: 18433: 18429: 18420: 18417: 18415: 18412: 18408: 18405: 18404: 18403: 18400: 18396: 18393: 18391: 18388: 18386: 18383: 18382: 18381: 18378: 18376: 18373: 18371: 18368: 18366: 18362: 18354: 18351: 18347: 18344: 18343: 18342: 18339: 18337: 18334: 18332: 18329: 18325: 18322: 18320: 18317: 18315: 18312: 18311: 18310: 18307: 18303: 18300: 18298: 18295: 18293: 18290: 18288: 18285: 18284: 18283: 18280: 18278: 18275: 18273: 18270: 18269: 18265: 18263: 18259: 18253: 18250: 18246: 18243: 18242: 18241: 18238: 18236: 18233: 18231: 18230:Transnational 18228: 18226: 18223: 18221: 18218: 18216: 18213: 18209: 18206: 18205: 18204: 18201: 18199: 18196: 18194: 18191: 18189: 18186: 18184: 18181: 18179: 18176: 18172: 18169: 18168: 18167: 18164: 18162: 18159: 18157: 18154: 18152: 18149: 18147: 18144: 18142: 18139: 18137: 18134: 18132: 18129: 18127: 18124: 18120: 18117: 18116: 18115: 18112: 18110: 18107: 18105: 18102: 18100: 18099:Individualist 18097: 18093: 18090: 18089: 18088: 18085: 18083: 18080: 18078: 18075: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18065: 18063: 18060: 18056: 18053: 18052: 18051: 18048: 18046: 18043: 18039: 18036: 18035: 18034: 18031: 18029: 18026: 18024: 18021: 18019: 18016: 18014: 18011: 18009: 18006: 18004: 18001: 17999: 17998:Anti-abortion 17996: 17994: 17991: 17989: 17986: 17985: 17983: 17979: 17976: 17974: 17968: 17954: 17951: 17949: 17946: 17944: 17941: 17940: 17939: 17936: 17934: 17931: 17929: 17926: 17925: 17924: 17923:United States 17921: 17917: 17914: 17913: 17912: 17909: 17907: 17904: 17902: 17899: 17897: 17894: 17892: 17889: 17887: 17884: 17882: 17879: 17877: 17874: 17872: 17869: 17868: 17866: 17864: 17860: 17853: 17849: 17847: 17844: 17842: 17839: 17837: 17834: 17833: 17831: 17827: 17821: 17818: 17816: 17813: 17809: 17806: 17805: 17804: 17801: 17799: 17796: 17794: 17791: 17790: 17788: 17784: 17781: 17779: 17775: 17771: 17764: 17759: 17757: 17752: 17750: 17745: 17744: 17741: 17729: 17726: 17724: 17721: 17719: 17716: 17715: 17713: 17709: 17699: 17696: 17694: 17691: 17690: 17688: 17684: 17678: 17675: 17673: 17670: 17669: 17667: 17663: 17660: 17656: 17642: 17641: 17637: 17634: 17632: 17629: 17627: 17624: 17623: 17621: 17617: 17611: 17608: 17606: 17603: 17601: 17598: 17596: 17593: 17591: 17588: 17586: 17583: 17581: 17578: 17576: 17573: 17571: 17568: 17566: 17563: 17561: 17560: 17555: 17553: 17550: 17548: 17545: 17543: 17540: 17538: 17535: 17534: 17532: 17526: 17516: 17513: 17511: 17508: 17506: 17503: 17501: 17498: 17497: 17495: 17491: 17485: 17482: 17480: 17477: 17475: 17472: 17471: 17469: 17465: 17462: 17458: 17448: 17445: 17443: 17440: 17438: 17435: 17433: 17430: 17428: 17425: 17423: 17420: 17418: 17415: 17413: 17412:Glass ceiling 17410: 17408: 17405: 17403: 17400: 17398: 17395: 17393: 17390: 17388: 17385: 17383: 17380: 17378: 17375: 17373: 17370: 17368: 17365: 17363: 17360: 17358: 17355: 17353: 17350: 17348: 17347:Anti-intersex 17345: 17343: 17340: 17339: 17337: 17333: 17330: 17328: 17324: 17318: 17315: 17313: 17310: 17308: 17305: 17303: 17300: 17298: 17295: 17293: 17290: 17288: 17285: 17283: 17280: 17278: 17275: 17273: 17270: 17269: 17267: 17263: 17257: 17254: 17252: 17249: 17247: 17244: 17242: 17239: 17237: 17234: 17232: 17229: 17227: 17226:Gender binary 17224: 17222: 17219: 17218: 17216: 17212: 17206: 17202: 17199: 17197: 17193: 17190: 17188: 17184: 17181: 17180: 17177: 17173: 17166: 17161: 17159: 17154: 17152: 17147: 17146: 17143: 17137: 17134: 17133: 17130: 17126: 17123: 17120: 17117: 17114: 17111: 17108: 17105: 17101: 17098: 17095: 17091: 17088: 17085: 17082: 17079: 17075: 17072: 17069: 17066: 17063: 17060: 17056: 17052: 17049: 17048: 17042: 17039: 17038: 17033: 17028: 17000: 16993: 16986: 16979: 16963: 16956: 16950: 16943: 16930: 16926: 16920: 16904: 16900: 16896: 16890: 16888: 16871: 16867: 16863: 16857: 16841: 16837: 16833: 16827: 16811: 16807: 16803: 16797: 16789: 16785: 16781: 16777: 16774:(4): 430–46. 16773: 16769: 16762: 16743: 16739: 16732: 16726: 16710: 16706: 16705: 16700: 16694: 16675: 16671: 16664: 16658: 16642: 16638: 16634: 16627: 16611: 16607: 16603: 16596: 16581:on 9 May 2017 16580: 16576: 16572: 16566: 16550: 16546: 16542: 16536: 16517: 16513: 16506: 16500: 16486:on 2020-09-21 16485: 16481: 16477: 16471: 16463: 16462: 16455: 16440: 16436: 16432: 16426: 16411: 16407: 16403: 16396: 16380: 16376: 16375: 16370: 16363: 16355: 16351: 16345: 16336: 16334: 16314: 16310: 16303: 16297: 16289: 16285: 16281: 16277: 16270: 16256:on 2017-11-15 16255: 16251: 16245: 16243: 16235: 16231: 16224: 16209: 16205: 16201: 16197: 16193: 16186: 16184: 16168: 16164: 16160: 16156: 16152: 16145: 16129: 16125: 16121: 16115: 16101:on 2010-06-20 16100: 16096: 16089: 16081: 16075: 16071: 16064: 16045: 16041: 16034: 16028: 16009: 16005: 15998: 15992: 15976: 15972: 15966: 15951: 15947: 15943: 15937: 15918: 15914: 15907: 15901: 15893: 15889: 15883: 15876: 15871: 15863: 15857: 15841: 15837: 15833: 15826: 15810: 15806: 15802: 15796: 15780: 15776: 15772: 15765: 15757: 15753: 15747: 15731: 15727: 15723: 15717: 15701: 15697: 15693: 15687: 15671: 15667: 15663: 15657: 15641: 15637: 15633: 15627: 15625: 15608: 15604: 15600: 15594: 15578: 15574: 15570: 15564: 15557: 15553: 15549: 15547: 15540: 15524: 15520: 15519: 15514: 15508: 15493: 15489: 15485: 15479: 15463: 15459: 15455: 15449: 15433: 15429: 15423: 15407: 15403: 15399: 15393: 15384: 15368: 15364: 15358: 15342: 15338: 15332: 15325: 15320: 15312: 15308: 15304: 15300: 15295: 15290: 15286: 15282: 15275: 15267: 15260: 15252: 15245: 15226: 15222: 15215: 15209: 15193: 15189: 15185: 15179: 15160: 15156: 15149: 15143: 15128: 15124: 15120: 15116:For example, 15113: 15095: 15091: 15085: 15077: 15073: 15069: 15065: 15061: 15057: 15053: 15049: 15045: 15038: 15031: 15019: 15015: 15011: 15004: 14997: 14985: 14981: 14977: 14970: 14962: 14956: 14952: 14944: 14938: 14933: 14932: 14926: 14919: 14913: 14908: 14907: 14898: 14880: 14876: 14872: 14868: 14864: 14860: 14856: 14855: 14847: 14843: 14842:BjĂžrnholt, M. 14837: 14826: 14820: 14806: 14805:BusinessGhana 14803: 14797: 14783: 14779: 14773: 14758: 14754: 14747: 14733: 14729: 14723: 14721: 14719: 14704: 14700: 14694: 14692: 14677: 14673: 14667: 14665: 14656: 14652: 14648: 14644: 14640: 14636: 14635:Gender Issues 14629: 14621: 14615: 14608: 14606: 14604: 14587: 14583: 14579: 14573: 14557: 14553: 14549: 14543: 14541: 14524: 14520: 14516: 14510: 14502: 14496: 14488: 14482: 14478: 14471: 14452: 14448: 14441: 14434: 14415: 14411: 14404: 14398: 14382: 14378: 14371: 14365: 14349: 14345: 14341: 14335: 14333: 14313: 14309: 14302: 14296: 14280: 14276: 14272: 14266: 14250: 14246: 14242: 14236: 14220: 14216: 14212: 14206: 14190: 14186: 14182: 14176: 14160: 14156: 14150: 14131: 14127: 14120: 14114: 14095: 14091: 14084: 14078: 14059: 14055: 14048: 14041: 14025: 14021: 14017: 14010: 13994: 13990: 13989: 13984: 13978: 13959: 13955: 13948: 13942: 13923: 13919: 13912: 13906: 13904: 13902: 13900: 13898: 13896: 13879: 13875: 13871: 13865: 13863: 13861: 13844: 13840: 13836: 13830: 13814: 13810: 13806: 13800: 13784: 13780: 13776: 13770: 13751: 13747: 13740: 13734: 13718: 13714: 13710: 13704: 13688: 13684: 13680: 13674: 13666: 13662: 13658: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13640: 13636: 13632: 13625: 13606: 13602: 13595: 13593: 13584: 13568: 13564: 13560: 13554: 13538: 13534: 13530: 13524: 13508: 13504: 13500: 13493: 13475: 13468: 13467: 13459: 13457: 13440: 13436: 13432: 13426: 13411: 13407: 13403: 13396: 13388: 13384: 13379: 13374: 13370: 13366: 13362: 13358: 13354: 13350: 13346: 13339: 13323: 13319: 13315: 13308: 13292: 13288: 13284: 13280: 13274: 13258: 13254: 13247: 13239: 13235: 13231: 13227: 13223: 13219: 13216:: 1232–1237. 13215: 13211: 13207: 13206: 13198: 13190: 13178: 13162: 13158: 13154: 13153: 13148: 13142: 13123: 13119: 13113: 13110:. p. 2. 13109: 13102: 13101: 13093: 13074: 13070: 13063: 13062: 13058:(July 1997). 13057: 13051: 13032: 13025: 13019: 13000: 12996: 12989: 12983: 12967: 12963: 12959: 12952: 12936: 12932: 12928: 12922: 12915: 12910: 12892: 12889:. 2009–2010. 12888: 12881: 12875: 12861:on 2015-06-10 12857: 12853: 12846: 12840: 12838: 12826: 12822: 12815: 12809: 12807: 12805: 12788: 12784: 12780: 12776: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12758: 12754: 12750: 12746: 12742: 12735: 12716: 12709: 12702: 12687: 12683: 12682: 12677: 12671: 12655: 12651: 12650: 12645: 12639: 12623: 12619: 12618: 12613: 12607: 12591: 12587: 12586: 12581: 12575: 12561:on 2017-02-10 12557: 12550: 12544: 12542: 12526: 12522: 12516: 12514: 12498: 12497: 12492: 12486: 12470: 12466: 12462: 12456: 12454: 12437: 12433: 12429: 12423: 12415: 12408: 12404: 12400: 12396: 12392: 12391: 12384: 12382: 12380: 12378: 12362: 12358: 12354: 12348: 12340: 12336: 12332: 12326: 12308: 12304: 12297: 12291: 12276: 12272: 12268: 12262: 12254: 12253: 12248: 12242: 12234: 12230: 12226: 12222: 12218: 12214: 12210: 12203: 12195: 12189: 12185: 12181: 12177: 12173: 12166: 12158: 12154: 12150: 12146: 12142: 12138: 12134: 12130: 12126: 12119: 12111: 12107: 12102: 12097: 12093: 12089: 12085: 12078: 12070: 12064: 12056: 12052: 12046: 12038: 12034: 12030: 12026: 12022: 12018: 12014: 12007: 11992:on 2018-09-28 11991: 11987: 11983: 11976: 11969: 11964: 11955: 11950: 11946: 11942: 11938: 11931: 11923: 11917: 11898: 11894: 11890: 11886: 11882: 11875: 11868: 11852: 11848: 11844: 11837: 11830: 11825: 11809: 11805: 11801: 11794: 11778: 11774: 11770: 11764: 11748: 11744: 11743:The Telegraph 11739: 11731: 11715: 11711: 11707: 11701: 11685: 11681: 11677: 11671: 11655: 11651: 11650: 11642: 11626: 11622: 11618: 11611: 11609: 11600: 11596: 11592: 11586: 11582: 11575: 11573: 11564: 11560: 11556: 11550: 11546: 11539: 11531: 11527: 11523: 11519: 11515: 11511: 11504: 11496: 11492: 11485: 11477: 11471: 11463: 11457: 11449: 11445: 11441: 11437: 11433: 11426: 11418: 11414: 11410: 11406: 11402: 11398: 11394: 11387: 11379: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11351: 11347: 11343: 11339: 11335: 11328: 11320: 11316: 11312: 11306: 11302: 11298: 11297:Verloo, Mieke 11290: 11282: 11278: 11274: 11270: 11266: 11262: 11255: 11247: 11243: 11239: 11233: 11229: 11222: 11214: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11196: 11192: 11188: 11181: 11173: 11169: 11165: 11161: 11156: 11151: 11147: 11143: 11139: 11135: 11131: 11123: 11115: 11109: 11094: 11090: 11084: 11065: 11058: 11051: 11036: 11032: 11025: 11006: 10999: 10992: 10990: 10970: 10966: 10959: 10953: 10945: 10939: 10936:. Blackwell. 10934: 10933: 10924: 10917: 10913: 10901: 10897: 10893: 10886: 10878: 10872: 10868: 10863: 10862: 10853: 10845: 10838: 10822: 10818: 10817: 10812: 10805: 10790: 10786: 10782: 10775: 10767: 10761: 10745: 10741: 10737: 10730: 10711: 10707: 10703: 10699: 10692: 10691: 10684: 10668: 10661: 10660: 10653: 10637: 10633: 10629: 10625: 10619: 10603: 10599: 10595: 10591: 10585: 10576: 10569: 10563: 10555: 10551: 10550: 10542: 10535: 10529: 10525: 10521: 10517: 10510: 10502: 10496: 10492: 10487: 10486: 10480: 10479:Eisler, Riane 10474: 10458: 10454: 10450: 10444: 10442: 10440: 10431: 10427: 10426: 10418: 10410: 10406: 10402: 10398: 10394: 10390: 10386: 10382: 10375: 10373: 10366: 10361: 10347:on 2017-10-20 10343: 10339: 10332: 10325: 10311:on 2023-03-27 10310: 10306: 10302: 10296: 10292: 10284: 10282: 10281: 10276: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10260: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10244: 10242: 10241: 10236: 10232: 10227: 10202: 10198: 10197:Endvawnow.org 10194: 10188: 10180: 10176: 10170: 10151: 10144: 10138: 10123: 10119: 10115: 10108: 10098: 10091: 10086: 10067: 10063: 10056: 10050: 10031: 10027: 10020: 10014: 9998: 9994: 9993: 9988: 9982: 9966: 9962: 9958: 9952: 9937: 9933: 9927: 9912: 9908: 9902: 9886: 9882: 9878: 9872: 9856: 9852: 9848: 9841: 9833: 9826: 9811: 9807: 9806:News Pakistan 9803: 9797: 9782: 9778: 9774: 9767: 9759: 9755: 9751: 9747: 9743: 9739: 9732: 9713: 9709: 9702: 9696: 9694: 9677: 9673: 9669: 9663: 9647: 9643: 9636: 9620: 9616: 9612: 9606: 9599:. p. 10. 9598: 9597: 9589: 9570: 9566: 9559: 9553: 9534: 9530: 9523: 9517: 9510: 9496: 9489: 9483: 9467: 9463: 9459: 9453: 9438: 9434: 9430: 9424: 9409: 9405: 9401: 9395: 9379: 9375: 9371: 9365: 9349: 9345: 9341: 9335: 9316: 9312: 9305: 9298: 9283: 9279: 9273: 9257: 9253: 9249: 9243: 9225: 9221: 9214: 9208: 9201: 9196: 9180: 9176: 9172: 9165: 9149: 9145: 9139: 9123: 9119: 9115: 9109: 9093: 9089: 9083: 9067: 9063: 9057: 9041: 9037: 9033: 9026: 9018: 9014: 9010: 9004: 9000: 8993: 8985: 8981: 8977: 8971: 8967: 8960: 8942: 8938: 8931: 8924: 8910:on 2016-03-04 8906: 8899: 8893: 8879:on 2014-08-24 8875: 8868: 8862: 8855: 8849: 8833: 8829: 8825: 8819: 8811: 8805: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8774: 8758: 8754: 8750: 8744: 8735: 8719: 8715: 8711: 8705: 8689: 8685: 8681: 8675: 8659: 8655: 8651: 8645: 8626: 8622: 8615: 8614: 8609: 8603: 8595: 8589: 8574: 8570: 8566: 8565: 8556: 8554: 8542: 8538: 8534: 8531:(1): 85–107. 8530: 8526: 8525: 8517: 8510: 8502: 8496: 8488: 8484: 8480: 8476: 8472: 8471: 8466: 8459: 8455: 8438: 8429: 8422: 8416: 8409: 8405: 8401: 8397: 8391: 8384: 8378: 8368: 8359: 8351: 8347: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8329: 8325: 8321: 8315: 8306: 8305: 8301: 8293: 8287: 8280: 8276: 8272: 8268: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8253:For example, 8250: 8243: 8237: 8230: 8224: 8217: 8213: 8209: 8203: 8196: 8192: 8188: 8182: 8175: 8169: 8162: 8156: 8149: 8145: 8138: 8131: 8127: 8121: 8112: 8104: 8098: 8091: 8086: 8079: 8075: 8071: 8067: 8063: 8057: 8048: 8041: 8035: 8026: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8007: 7997: 7988: 7987: 7984: 7979: 7972: 7970: 7962: 7952: 7942: 7935: 7931: 7927: 7923: 7922:Opuz v Turkey 7917: 7908: 7907: 7905: 7899: 7890: 7889: 7885: 7878: 7874: 7870: 7866: 7860: 7852: 7846: 7839: 7835: 7831: 7827: 7823: 7819: 7818:Dowry killing 7815: 7814:Honor killing 7811: 7807: 7803: 7799: 7795: 7791: 7787: 7783: 7779: 7775: 7771: 7765: 7758: 7752: 7745: 7739: 7729: 7720: 7713: 7707: 7698: 7689: 7682: 7678: 7674: 7669: 7662: 7658: 7654: 7648: 7641: 7637: 7633: 7629: 7623: 7616: 7613:For example, 7610: 7603: 7602:fire fighters 7599: 7598:police forces 7595: 7589: 7585: 7577: 7573: 7567: 7558: 7551: 7545: 7541: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7495: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7485: 7476: 7473: 7471:(Philippines) 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7449: 7446: 7443: 7440: 7437: 7434: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7420: 7417: 7414: 7411: 7409:(Afghanistan) 7408: 7405: 7404: 7395: 7392: 7389: 7386: 7383: 7379: 7376: 7373: 7370: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7330: 7327: 7324: 7321: 7318: 7315: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7298: 7290: 7287: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7161: 7152: 7142: 7141: 7138: 7127: 7117: 7113: 7108: 7104: 7101:This section 7099: 7095: 7090: 7089: 7081: 7078: 7072: 7068: 7066: 7062: 7058: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7041:public policy 7036: 7026: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6978: 6974: 6970: 6966: 6963: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6943: 6942: 6936: 6932: 6930: 6926: 6920: 6910: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6888: 6883: 6877: 6869: 6864: 6855: 6853: 6848: 6846: 6842: 6827: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6800:marital power 6796: 6791: 6789: 6785: 6781: 6776: 6774: 6773: 6768: 6765:or having an 6764: 6763:contraception 6760: 6755: 6751: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6724: 6719: 6718:United States 6714: 6712: 6708: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6691: 6690:marriage bars 6687: 6686:marriage laws 6681: 6679: 6668: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6649: 6647: 6642: 6640: 6630: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6566: 6564: 6561:According to 6558: 6555: 6549: 6547: 6543: 6536: 6532: 6522: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6506: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6496:marriage laws 6493: 6488: 6486: 6485:upper classes 6482: 6476: 6468: 6464: 6459: 6450: 6448: 6444: 6438: 6434: 6423: 6418: 6416: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6399: 6398: 6393: 6392: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6375: 6370: 6366: 6364: 6363:Nellie Bowles 6360: 6359: 6354: 6348: 6346: 6339: 6335: 6325: 6322: 6318: 6316: 6310: 6307: 6303: 6298: 6277: 6275: 6271: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6246: 6242: 6227: 6223: 6221: 6216: 6212: 6207: 6197: 6194: 6188: 6185: 6179: 6175: 6166: 6157: 6153: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6135: 6131: 6126: 6117: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6096:, ritualized 6095: 6090: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6075: 6071: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6056: 6053: 6048: 6046: 6041: 6039: 6031: 6030:map of Africa 6026: 6019: 6014: 6005: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5994:Latin America 5991: 5981: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5922: 5920: 5915: 5914:Abortion laws 5910: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5890: 5881: 5878: 5874: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5847: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5810: 5805: 5797: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5778: 5774: 5764: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5748: 5744: 5742: 5736: 5734: 5728: 5715: 5712: 5709: 5706: 5703: 5700: 5697: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5661: 5659: 5655: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5632: 5629: 5628: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5599: 5596: 5595: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5565: 5557: 5554: 5550: 5545: 5541: 5539: 5535: 5529: 5527: 5522: 5519: 5515: 5513: 5508: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5485: 5481: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5456: 5451: 5443: 5434: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5385: 5380: 5376: 5374: 5370: 5365: 5362: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5302: 5292: 5282: 5279: 5274: 5270: 5268: 5264: 5261: 5256: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5240: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5219:In 2010, the 5216: 5206: 5204: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5148: 5145: 5141: 5136: 5133: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5111:Latin America 5108: 5104: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5088: 5084: 5073: 5071: 5067: 5059: 5055: 5050: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5017: 5013: 5008: 5002:Gender biases 4999: 4997: 4993: 4990:, especially 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4971: 4961: 4959: 4955: 4949: 4944: 4942: 4938: 4932: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4911:into Ukraine. 4910: 4906: 4902: 4901: 4895: 4891: 4889: 4885: 4880: 4878: 4873: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4838: 4835: 4831: 4821: 4817: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4805: 4802: 4798: 4797: 4796: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4758: 4754: 4753:African Union 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4622: 4618: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4603:movement and 4602: 4598: 4592: 4586: 4576: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4541: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4514: 4503: 4497: 4486: 4480: 4470: 4460: 4458: 4457: 4452: 4443: 4441: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4411: 4409: 4405: 4404:Gender parity 4401: 4397: 4393: 4388: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4373:gender binary 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4349: 4347: 4343: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4318: 4313: 4311: 4306: 4304: 4299: 4298: 4296: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4267: 4266: 4265: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4219: 4216: 4215: 4214: 4213:Individualism 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4187: 4184: 4183: 4182: 4179: 4175: 4172: 4171: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4140: 4139: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4115: 4112: 4108: 4105: 4104: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4093: 4092:United States 4090: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4067: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3974: 3971: 3970: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3877: 3874: 3873: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3835: 3832: 3831: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3753: 3750: 3749: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3692:Latin America 3690: 3688: 3685: 3684: 3681: 3676: 3675: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3602: 3597:Organizations 3594: 3593: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3382: 3376: 3375: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3104: 3101: 3096: 3095: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3078: 3075: 3070: 3069: 3062: 3059: 3055: 3054:Welfare state 3052: 3050: 3047: 3046: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2989: 2988: 2985: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2918: 2917:Laissez-faire 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2864: 2863: 2860: 2859: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2759: 2756: 2755: 2754: 2751: 2750: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2651: 2641: 2636: 2634: 2629: 2627: 2622: 2621: 2619: 2618: 2607: 2606:Men's studies 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2578: 2577: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2542: 2541: 2540: 2532: 2531: 2519: 2518:United States 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2500: 2498: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2485: 2482: 2481: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2474: 2466: 2465: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2415: 2414: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2390: 2389: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2375: 2372: 2371: 2366: 2365:Rape of males 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2352: 2351: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2328: 2324: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2302: 2300: 2299: 2295: 2294: 2287: 2286:Anti-feminism 2284: 2282: 2278: 2277: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2265: 2262: 2261: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2242: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2209: 2208: 2204: 2203: 2195: 2194: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2148: 2147: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2113: 2103: 2098: 2096: 2091: 2089: 2084: 2083: 2081: 2080: 2077: 2067: 2066: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1961: 1958: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1944: 1941: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1923: 1921: 1920: 1916: 1915: 1907: 1906: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1891: 1890:United States 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1740: 1739: 1738:Latin America 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1586: 1585: 1571: 1568: 1567: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1560:Technoscience 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1534: 1531: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1383:Art criticism 1381: 1380: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1360: 1358: 1357: 1353: 1352: 1346: 1345: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1333:Men's studies 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1276: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1233:Views on BDSM 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1218: 1217: 1209: 1208: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1157:Transmisogyny 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1117:Purplewashing 1115: 1113: 1112:Protofeminism 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1022:Honor killing 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 977: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 919: 916: 915: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 900: 893: 892: 884: 881: 879: 876: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 858: 857: 854: 850: 847: 846: 845: 842: 840: 837: 831: 828: 827: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 812: 811: 808: 802: 799: 798: 797: 794: 793: 792: 791:Individualist 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 775: 772: 770: 767: 766: 765: 764:Cyberfeminism 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 746: 742: 737: 736: 728: 725: 721: 718: 717: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 685: 684: 681: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 658: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 643: 639: 634: 633: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 604: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 586: 585: 582: 580: 577: 573: 570: 569: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 547:Anti-abortion 545: 544: 537: 536: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 507: 504: 503: 502: 499: 495: 492: 491: 490: 487: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 469: 468: 465: 463: 460: 459: 457: 456: 453: 452:Multicultural 450: 449: 443: 440: 436: 435:Transnational 433: 431: 428: 427: 426: 423: 419: 416: 415: 414: 411: 407: 404: 402: 399: 398: 397: 394: 392: 389: 385: 382: 381: 380: 377: 376: 374: 373: 370: 367: 366: 360: 357: 353: 352:Postgenderism 350: 349: 348: 347:Transfeminism 345: 343: 340: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 322: 321: 318: 316: 313: 312: 310: 309: 304: 299: 298: 284: 281: 280: 279: 278:United States 276: 272: 269: 267: 264: 263: 262: 259: 257: 254: 250: 247: 245: 242: 241: 239: 237: 234: 232: 231:Liechtenstein 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 193: 191: 190: 186: 183: 182: 177: 174: 173: 167: 164: 162: 159: 158: 157: 154: 153: 151: 150: 146: 145: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 124: 121: 120: 118: 117: 113: 112: 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 85: 84: 81: 79: 76: 74: 71: 70: 68: 67: 59: 58: 54: 50: 49: 46: 43: 42: 38: 34: 33: 30: 19: 20982:Human rights 20972:Gender roles 20880:Reproductive 20864: 20784:Distributive 20679:Gender roles 20624:Kinsey scale 20614:Aromanticism 20490:Gray asexual 20439:Heterosexual 20364:Sworn virgin 20334:Mukhannathun 20236:Binabinaaine 19871:Jack Donovan 19756:Men's health 19586: 19492: 19467: 19411:Rhetoricians 19401:Philosophers 19293:Saudi Arabia 19089:South Africa 18950:Epistemology 18903:Anthropology 18898:Architecture 18861:Legal theory 18768:Gynocentrism 18707:War on women 18642:Pro-feminism 18597:Gender-blind 18547:Gender quota 18522:Art movement 18314:Dianic Wicca 18193:Sex-positive 18156:Postcolonial 18023:Conservative 18003:Anti-fascist 17638: 17558: 17530:for equality 17442:Transkilling 17437:Transbashing 17312:Gender roles 17171: 17031: 17008:September 6, 17006:. 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Index

Women's equality
a series
Feminism

Feminist history
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Women's history
American
British
Canadian
German
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Women's suffrage
Muslim countries
US
Other women's rights
Women's suffrage
Austria
Australia
Canada
Colombia
India
Japan
Kuwait
Liechtenstein
New Zealand
Second Republic

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

↑