34:
100:
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631:
675:. Many of today's history books are of the opinion that he passively watched the occupation and destruction of the castle. In fact, his soldiers were starving, weakened, and low on munitions. In such a state, it is ready to commit suicide to launch an attack against an enemy that is outnumbered several times. The Turks took the castle on June 30 and destroyed it. Zrinski blamed Montecuccoli for the whole disaster and left for Vienna. The small army of the imperial general was forced to retreat to
393:, in the winter of 1664, during which he and his army penetrated 240 km into Turkish territory. Between 1663 and 1664. This campaign most important operation of the Turkish Campaign in 1664, which was also the main success of the Christian forces. The history of the campaign is that in 1663 the Turks attacked Hungary with an army of almost 80,000 people. The king appointed Zrinski as the commander-in-chief of the Croato-Hungarian troops, who, with his successful enterprise, set fire to the
430:, a small region in the northernmost part of Croatia, with help of a military engineer from the Netherlands. This caused a fierce protest at the Turkish port, and was also banned by the Court War Council. The Turks threatened war, which the Habsburgs definitely wanted to avoid: on the one hand, because they considered the French threat from the west to be more serious, and on the other hand, because they could not field an adequate military force.
138:
437:, continued the fight against the Turks, and he also asked for the help of the Habsburgs. The court, on the other hand, secretly agreed with the Turks: among the promises was the destruction of Novi Zrin, for which the Turks would install a new prince on the throne of Transylvania, so that the old status of the country would be preserved. The Turks finally made Mihály Apafi their prince, and the Austrians left Kemény alone.
541:
414:, huge Turkish and Tatar armies were defeated. Rákóczi did not want to abdicate his throne, so he armed himself against the sultan, asking for help from the Austrian emperor Lipót I and the Hungarian king. Leopold was forced by the Rhine Alliance established by the North German princes and the Electoral Principality of Mainz, but the emperor only made apparent measures to be elected
652:, as usual, hesitated, thus missing a great opportunity. If the siege of Kanizsa had been started in time, the serious situation resulting from the loss of Érsekújvár could have been countered by recapturing the city. According to Zrinski, "we should not have waited until spring, because then the Turks could easily relieve the besieged castle".
567:, where the Turks still had the 16. century, there was an 8 km long oak bridge. During the wars, supplies were transported through this and it connected the Croatian subjugation with the Hungarians. The bridge was also joined by a bridge of forty ships. Its strategic importance was extremely great, which was best measured by Zrinski.
499:
people were quite averse to the issue of foreign aid. Zrinski definitely thought of expelling the Turks with this war, which, according to him, depends on Fülöp János. But in Vienna, they did not want the
Hungarians' efforts to unify the country to reach their goal. Zrinski and the other Hungarian lords sought support from the French and
602:
With the destruction of the Osijek bridge, the wide Drava river separated the
Hungarian and Croatian territories in Turkish hands from each other. Furthermore, with the recapture of the castles, the connection with the Kanizsa castle was cut off, for the recapture of which there was a favorable time.
490:
In
Regensburg, they decided how the campaign should continue. At Zrinski's suggestion, they decided to attack, and preferably as soon as possible, while the winter lasted, because at this time of year the Turks could not deploy a larger and more effective force. Vienna was not idle either and it also
570:
There was a thick layer of ice on the river, but they couldn't think of an explosion due to the lack of gunpowder. For two days, the cavalry carried dry reeds and reeds from the surrounding forests and swamps, until finally the bridge was well lined with it in two days. From Osijek Castle, the Turks
528:
But the operations did not take place exclusively in the Drava region. In the northeast, a
Hungarian army led by László Rákóczi and István Barkóczy attacked Várad, not with the aim of recapturing the castle, but somehow distracting the Pasha there. The imperial and Hungarian armies led by the French
456:
The court was now more thoroughly prepared for the battles of 1664. Meanwhile, Zrinski disturbed the Turks with constant raids and defeated a small army in front of Novi Zrin. Since he did not dare to expect much from Vienna, he made an alliance with two other powerful lords and leading figures of
447:
set out with his nearly 80,000-strong army to conquer Royal
Hungary, intending this as the first step to an attack on Vienna. The Turks began to besiege Érsekújvár, for which Zrínyi could not do much, even with his army of less than twenty thousand men. But the siege dragged on and the Turks could
421:
The
Viennese court remained passive even after the fall of the key castle, and this upset not only the Hungarian orders, but also the whole of Europe. The Croatian Nikola VII Zrinski (Miklós Zrínyi) surrounded the castle of Kanizsa, captured by Turks in 1600, at the beginning of the siege, but the
611:
During the campaign, the
Zrinski took a lot of booty: they freed twenty thousand cattle, three thousand horses, countless noble Turks and a hundred Christian prisoners. Von Hohenlohe called the campaign the greatest act of war in the last hundred years, and the future prospects of the battle were
498:
In a circular, Palatine Wesselényi called on the counties not to surrender despite the Grand Vizier's demands. The
Zrinski clearly saw that Hungary and Croatia alone would not be able to stand up to the Ottoman war, which despite all its weaknesses was still very strong, but the Hungarian common
474:
The three lords summarized the program of their alliance in a letter: "We, who are the pillars of the country, will start it in a free way, and with this the fate of such a famous, notable, noble nation under the sky will come to a final ruin" Bory Mihály, the delegate of the alliance, went to
465:
in Kőszeg in
September 1663. They decided to take control of the fight against the Turks. Several ecclesiastical dignitaries and lords were also present at the meeting. Although Zrinski had previously held the position of commander-in-chief, he was replaced after the loss of Érsekújvár.
648:, Turenne's viscount. In the end, the military leadership was divided. Zrinski and Montecuccoli were placed at the head of the army. Zrinski then insisted that they begin the siege of Kanizsa as soon as possible, because the Turkish attack will not wait until the end of winter. But the
397:
bridge that provided supplies to the
Turkish garrisons across the Danube, but due to the court's delay, he was unable to capitalize on the victory. Kanizsa Bécs, who saw a political opponent in Zrinski, who fought with pen and sword, replaced him after a siege that ended in failure.
655:
The military council only issued the permit in March, which, according to Zrinski, was already too late. An army of Hungarian, Croatian, Bavarian, Austrian and Rhine soldiers began the siege of Kanizsa on April 21. The Turkish defenders persisted, and the Grand Vizier
622:
Meanwhile, the French formed another league with other western states against the Turks. In a decree Palatine Wesselényi encouraged the counties to free themselves from Turkish rule. The paladin interwoven his statements with thoughts from one of Zrinski's works,
583:
While Zrinski was in Osijek, several Croatian, Austrian and Hungarian mainly infantry units from the Christian army that remained at Pécs separated from the army and headed towards the Danube-Drava estuary region. On the way, they occupied the fortresses of
779:
Mihály Apafi primarily wanted to see Turenne in the position of commander-in-chief. The marshal discussed the transition with the Transylvanian prince on numerous occasions, and assured him of the French king's support in case the Habsburgs committed
503:
with loyal German princes, who concluded the Rhine Alliance not only against the Turks, but also in order to reduce the influence of the Habsburgs in. Therefore, although he continued to prepare for war, he constantly negotiated peace with the Turks.
579:...with the help of God, we burned the whole structure to dust... It was a horrible sight when we watched this bridge, which was so many thousands of paces long, burning like a lit torch at night, like some devilish vision tearing at us"
573:
On February 1, a sufficient amount of wood and reeds were finally brought to the bridge and lit. A strong wind was blowing, which fueled the flames all the more and finally the entire bridge was engulfed in one huge sea of flames.
516:, they broke into the southern territory of the Hungarian subjugation 1664. on January 21. During the month considered the hardest part of the winter, Turkish forces were stationed exclusively in castles, not in the open field.
725:
556:
with the troops of Zrinski and von Hohenlohe. Two days later, Zrinski and Pál Esterházy, then chief marshal (later palatine), set off with the Croatian and Hungarian cavalry (5,000 men) on the line of the
227:
571:
tried to distract the Croats and Hungarians with cannons, but they did not achieve much. Zrinski's cavalry had only one wounded from the shelling. The Turkish guard did not even try to rush out.
660:
hurried to relieve them at the head of his 60,000 strong army. He built a bridge on the Drava and marched through it to Kanizsa, and the three times smaller Christian army retreated from it.
663:
The court removed Zrinski from his position as commander-in-chief for the second time. The leadership remained in the hands of Montecuccoli alone. Meanwhile, the Ottoman Grand Vizier
512:
Zrinski's army of around 15,000 Hungarian and Croatian troops joined forces with over 7,000 German troops led by von Hohenlohe and 3,000 Austrians. Starting from Berzence along the
440:
But the court could not avoid the war because it hesitated and did not make peace with the Sultan after the defeat of János Kemény. Because of this, the Turks declared war in 1663.
483:
was also present. The archbishop offered support, but he had already declared the Turkish war to be his cause. Therefore, troops were sent to Hungary under the leadership of Count
533:
and István Koháry attacked the Turks from the territory of the mining towns in the highlands. The ranks of the latter were supplemented by a Polish brigade commanded by Marshal
615:
Emperor Leopold I also recognized the success of the campaign, and his leader gained a great reputation in Europe. Zrinski was awarded 10,000 gold by the French king, and the
328:
220:
284:
595:
The destruction of the bridge was a serious blow to the Turks. On February 3, when the bridge was completely burned down, Zrinski left Osijek back to Pécs. On the way,
280:
894:
213:
645:
919:
484:
159:
448:
not continue major campaigns until October 26, if they wanted to retreat to their winter quarters, the Balkans, before the onset of winter.
889:
864:
698:
by order. However, Montecuccoli, at the head of the Austrian, German, Rhineland and French troops, defeated the Turkish army, in the
687:
664:
657:
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33:
849:
124:
914:
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25:
261:
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338:
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827:
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The issue of the post of chief executive is still being negotiated. The emperor proposed the Italian general
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128:
318:
530:
879:
616:
534:
251:
303:
644:, until then the Alliance of the Rhine sided with the Croatian Ban, but the famous French general,
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67:
479:, where the German princes and dukes were conferring, and the head of the Alliance of the Rhine
434:
288:
411:
63:
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634:
308:
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The imperial and Hungarian armies were understaffed and inadequately equipped. Grand Vizier
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333:
8:
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also promised help, but his troops did not arrive in Hungary until the summer of 1664.
382:
378:
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118:
59:
705:
840:
823:
649:
520:
370:
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561:, while the infantry of their army remained with the Germans at the siege of Pécs.
418:, and after this happened, he did not intervene in the war raging in Transylvania.
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in the eyes of the Porte. Montecuccoli stood with his small number of troops in
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Military History of Hungary, Zrinski military publishing house, page 285
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led his army against Novi Zrin, the construction of which was a
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Despite the victory, the Viennese court concluded the shameful
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and Captain Sepsésg, recruited by the paladin from Poland.
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was burned, and then the siege of Pécs was also lifted.
815:
R. Várkonyi Ágnes: Megújulások kora, Magyar Könyvklub,
548:
Christian armies were already deep in the territory of
469:
38:
Miklós and Péter Zrínyi, burning of the bridge at Eszék
800:→Strategic antecedents of the battle of Szentgotthárd
495:for help against the Turks, but it did not get it.
694:line in order to march against Vienna from there,
235:
832:Magyarország hadtörténete, Zrínyi katonai kiadó,
749:R . Ágnes Várkonyi: Age of Renewals, 1999. p. 61.
19:Winter Campaign of Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664)
856:
798:Géza Perjés: The battle of Szentgotthárd, 1964.
485:Wolfgang Julius, Count of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein
422:Court ordered him to stop. In 1661, he built
221:
895:Battles of the Austro-Turkish War (1663–64)
433:Meanwhile, the new prince of Transylvania,
850:The famous Winter Campaign of Zrínyi, 1664
577:Esterházy describes the event as follows:
228:
214:
920:17th-century military history of Croatia
770:History of Hungary, 1526–1686, page 1126
629:
539:
519:
726:"Winter Campaign of Nikola VII Zrinski"
627:, and thus called the country to arms.
857:
209:
470:Request for help from other kingdoms
82:Christian Coalition tactical victory
890:Sieges involving the Ottoman Empire
13:
865:Battles involving Habsburg Croatia
606:
451:
182:Troops of the League of the Rhine:
14:
931:
625:The Remedy against Turkish Opium
426:, a castle at the Mura River in
136:
123:
112:
98:
32:
406:To Transylvania II. Due to the
375:Zimska vojna Nikole VI Zrinskog
792:
783:
773:
764:
743:
718:
552:. On January 28 he surrounded
239:Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664)
26:Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664)
1:
711:
686:Another goal of Grand Vizier
563:Zrinski penetrated as far as
401:
50:21 January – 15 February 1664
481:Johann Philipp von Schönborn
160:general Hohenlohe-Neuenstein
7:
915:Croatia under Habsburg rule
10:
936:
905:1664 in the Ottoman Empire
809:
617:Order of the Golden Fleece
177:Croatian-Hungarian troops:
870:Battles involving Austria
732:(in Croatian). 2020-01-21
690:was to break through the
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247:
191:
170:
148:
90:
42:
31:
23:
18:
885:Sieges involving Croatia
875:Sieges involving Hungary
700:Battle of Saint Gotthard
910:17th century in Hungary
900:17th century in Croatia
839:. szerk.: Liptai Ervin
377:), was the campaign of
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545:
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410:in Poland launched by
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149:Commanders and leaders
642:Raimondo Montecuccoli
635:Raimondo Montecuccoli
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619:by the Spanish king.
543:
531:Jean-Louis de Souches
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192:Casualties and losses
62:, in the counties of
761:R. Várkonyi Á. p. 63
354:, also known as the
688:Köprülü Ahmed Pasha
665:Köprülü Ahmed Pasha
658:Köprülü Ahmed Pasha
646:Viscount of Turenne
592:, Újvár and Nádas.
461:and Palatine Count
457:the country, Count
445:Köprülü Ahmed Pasha
165:Köprülü Ahmed Pasha
638:
612:also encouraging.
546:
526:
524:Nikola VII Zrinski
459:Franz III. Nádasdy
379:Nikola VII Zrinski
155:Nikola VII Zrinski
129:Kingdom of Croatia
119:Kingdom of Hungary
60:Kingdom of Hungary
880:Conflicts in 1664
650:Court War Council
463:Ferenc Wesselényi
412:George II Rákóczi
408:reckless campaign
347:
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329:Garamszentbenedek
304:Novi Zrin (siege)
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105:Habsburg Monarchy
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535:Jerzy Lubomirski
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607:Other campaigns
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452:Osijek campaign
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352:Winter Campaign
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277:Winter Campaign
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157:(Miklós Zrínyi)
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293:Osijek Bridge
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272:2nd Novi Zrin
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257:1st Novi Zrin
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802:124-125. pg.
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734:. Retrieved
730:Crnemambe.hr
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96:
91:Belligerents
70:, along the
669:casus belli
435:John Kemény
859:Categories
845:9633263379
828:9635484712
736:2024-04-01
712:References
597:Baranyavár
477:Regensburg
402:Background
262:Érsekújvár
696:Mehmed IV
673:Međimurje
588:, Szécs,
501:Louis XIV
428:Međimurje
424:Novi Zrin
416:Leopold I
383:Hungarian
363:Hungarian
319:Nagyvárad
834:Budapest
817:Budapest
681:Slovenia
371:Croatian
359:campaign
314:Zsarnóca
281:Berzence
252:Köbölkút
171:Strength
55:Location
24:Part of
810:Sources
780:abuses.
590:Szekcső
550:Baranya
334:Körmend
299:Kanizsa
285:Babócsa
200:Unknown
197:Unknown
68:Baranya
843:
826:
586:Mohács
565:Osijek
508:Attack
491:asked
395:Osijek
357:Osijek
267:Vízvár
179:15,000
79:Result
64:Somogy
559:Dráva
514:Drava
309:Nitra
184:7,300
72:Dráva
841:ISBN
837:1985
824:ISBN
820:2001
692:Rába
554:Pécs
350:The
324:Léva
289:Pécs
66:and
47:Date
683:).
389:),
861::
822:.
754:^
728:.
708:.
385::
373::
369:;
365::
291:,
287:,
283:,
739:.
679:(
381:(
361:(
295:)
279:(
229:e
222:t
215:v
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