262:. Late in August, Winamac called together a war party from northern Indiana and Michigan. First attempting to convince Captain Rhea of their friendly intent, they sought entry to the post. Rebuffed, on August 28, 1812 the warriors killed a clerk who left the post for the Ohio. What followed were occasional firing of outbuildings and shots aimed at any and all movement seen from the outside. On September 4, Winamac approached under a flag of truce. Making no offer, Winamac found the fort susceptible to attack. The next day, two soldiers were killed outside the fort. Late in the afternoon, Winamac approached the fort with a small delegation and sought admittance to see the commander. Inside, they were heavily guarded, ending their ploy to kill the commander and attack from inside. The following day, September 6, saw the greatest action in the siege, but without help, the fort could not be taken. On September 11, a relief column under Governor Harrison arrived from Piqua and the siege ended.
308:
the
Potawatomi. Winamac and the Potawatomi received a generous share of the payment for these lands. The months following the treaty found Winamac at Detroit settling disputes for the lands in northwest Ohio. Because of the Fort Wayne Treaty, discontent was growing and the number of warriors at Prophetstown was increasing. Winamac provided information to Governor Harrison on the plans and activities at Prophetstown. Harrison invited the Prophet to Washington and in June, Tecumseh led a delegation to Vincennes to meet with Harrison. Here,
353:
carried
William Hulls orders from Detroit to Fort Dearborn (Chicago) to evacuate, an attack was eminent. Winamac told Commander Heald that they must leave that day to save themselves, this was on August 9. On August 13, an escort of 13 Miami Indians arrived. On August 15, Mad Sturgeon and Blackbird led the Potawatomi ambush of 500+ warriors against the 62 soldiers and 27 civilians in the dunes of Lake Michigan. Fifty-three of the Americans died that day. Fifteen of the Indians died.
348:
and
Winamac (2nd another chief among the Potawatomi). The defeat of the Indian confederacy scattered the tribes to their home villages. The dispersal of the Indian confederacy did not end the raids among the settlements. Tension was so bad, even Winamac was warned to stay out of the settlements.
210:
era, the
Potawatomis, like other tribes, were divided over whether to oppose the expansion of the United States or to seek peaceful accommodation. Two men named Winamac were prominent in this era. One was an active opponent of the United States, while the other became a U.S. ally. These two men have
307:
in
September. Winamac led the Potawatomi delegation. When the other chiefs and the Miami refused to negotiate land cessions, it was Winamac who persuaded first the Miami and then the Potawatomi to agree to the cession. When 3 million acres (12,000 km) were agreed to, none were lands of
352:
When the war between the United States and
England was known, Winamac continued to support the Americans and led a delegation to the Lake Peoria villages seeking the warriors accused of raiding the settlements. He was ridiculed by the Potawatomi warriors and left unsuccessful. It was Winamac who
339:
in
November 1811, Winamac marched with him. When they were a short march from Prophetstown, Winamac went ahead to talk with the Prophet. Winamac returned south to meet Harrison, but was on the far side of the Wabash and passed him by. On the night of November 6, Gov. Harrison encamped for the
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that came upon the area at Little Turtle's request for their instruction, knowing their farming methods were sufficient. However, as would occur in 1807, although equipped with the proper methods and lands, these efforts would soon prove futile as the native people were apathetic towards the
180:(1712–1733), a Wilamek was a leader of the Fish clan of the St. Joseph Potawatomis. Historian David Edmunds portrays this man as the same one who had attended the 1701 treaty, although Richard White writes that a Wilamek of this era was of a man of
188:(Fox) parentage who had married into the Potawatomi tribe. In 1719, Wilamek traveled to Montreal with a group of Meskwaki leaders in an effort to make peace. The following year, his son was captured by the Meskwakis, but he was later released.
323:. Winamac and Five Medals assured the agents that the few anti-American warriors were not representative of the Potawatomi. Because of the influence of the pro-British chiefs, Winamac and Five Medals refused a trip to Washington. Tecumseh the
289:
continued to ask the
American government for agricultural help. The equipment was sent but never used, as only these chiefs were interested in agriculture, not their people. Previous attempts at farming the land south of
154:, "as the French singled out certain leaders to be the channels by which French power entered the villages, they created a new kind of chief which can best be distinguished as an alliance chief".
48:
leaders and warriors beginning in the late 17th century. The name derives from a man named
Wilamet, a Native American from an eastern tribe who in 1681 was appointed to serve as a liaison between
211:
often been confused with each other. American historians have often distinguished them by referring to the "anti-American" or "hostile" Winamek and the "pro-American" or "friendly" Winamek.
303:
agricultural mission, with their focus remaining largely on local affairs and settlement conflicts. In 1807, President Monroe wanted to acquire more Indian land. A council was called at
71:
The
Winamac name became associated with prominent members of the Fish clan of the Potawatomi tribe. In 1701, Winamac or Wilamet was a chief of the Potawatomi villages along the
400:
219:
The "anti-American" Winamac was a Potawatomi leader who first appears in the historical record in 1810. That year, while returning from an unsuccessful raid against the
315:
Through the winter of 1811–1812, Potawatomi raids were launched against settlements in southern Indiana and Illinois. To end the destruction, councils were held at
223:, Winamac's party stole horses from some white Illinois settlers. The settlers pursued the raiders, and the Potawatomis attacked, killing four men. Governor
387:
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night, planning on entering Prophetstown the next day. When the sun rose, the confederacy had surrounded the troops. The Potawatomi were led by
391:
357:
fell on August 15, 1812 to an ambush, then Mackinac. These were followed by the siege of Detroit, which surrendered to the British on August 16.
111:
on an expedition to the west. One of these Natives, Wilamet (or Ouilamette or Wilamek), was appointed by La Salle to serve as a laison between
91:. One was active opponent of the United States, while the other was a U.S. ally. These two Winamacs have often been confused with each other.
162:
733:
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influence in the Lake Michigan region. In 1694, a man named Ouilamek, probably the same Wilamet, led 30 Potawatomis in an expedition under
273:), a U.S. ally. Winamac was killed in an exchange of gunfire when Logan and his companions escaped; Logan died later from his wounds.
108:
201:
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269:. On November 22, 1812, Winamac was with a scouting party that captured several Indians, including Shawnee chief Logan (
68:. The Potawatomi version of the name has been spelled in a variety of ways, including Winnemac, Winamek, and Winnemeg.
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31:
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The "pro-American" Winamek was a chief from the Tippecanoe Potawatomi on the Wabash. Beginning in 1807 he and
146:), but was instead a "chief" appointed by the French. French-appointed chiefs were a common feature of the
368:, in which they sold lands in Ohio and south central Michigan to the United States. Winamac died in 1821.
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377:
266:
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169:(or Onangizes), another prominent Potawatomi alliance chief, represented the Potawatomis at the great
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415:
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83:. This man or another of the same name was an ally of New France who helped negotiate an end to the
131:. Before long, he was recognized by the French as the "chief" of the Potawatomi villages along the
17:
56:
region. Wilamet was adopted by the Potawatomis, and his name, which meant "Catfish" in his native
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spoke at the council blaming Winamac and Five Medals for not controlling their warriors. When
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The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650–1815
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language, was eventually transformed into "Winamac", which means the same thing in the
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57:
703:
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Indian Women and French Men: Rethinking Cultural Encounter in the Western Great Lakes
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After the siege of Fort Wayne, Winamac served as a scout under British Indian agent
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336:
35:
30:"Winnemac" redirects here. For the setting of several Sinclair Lewis novels, see
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The Prairie People: Continuity and Change in Potawatomi Indian Culture 1665–1965
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in Indiana, headquarters of the anti-American resistance movement led by the
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Name of several leaders and warriors of the Potawatomi Native American people
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denounced Winamac as a 'black dog' for supporting the American interests.
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His unfailing support of the Americans would not protect him from harm.
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251:, Winamac led the Potawatomi contingent against the Americans at the
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Wilamet helped La Salle promote French policies while countering
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demanded that the Potawatomis surrender the raiders, but chief
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Wilamet was therefore not a traditional Potawatomi leader (or
380:, a fictional state in the United States, invented by writer
361:
87:
in the 1730s. Two other Winamacs were prominent during the
669:. Lawrence, Kansas: The Regents Press of Kansas, 1977.
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informed U.S. officials that the raiders had gone to
60:
language, was soon transformed into "Winamac", which
123:, and his name, which meant "Catfish" in his native
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99:In 1681, a group of Native Americans from several
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294:were also made in the early spring of 1805 by
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258:Winamac began the organization for the 1812
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364:represented the eastern Potawatomis at the
165:against the Iroquois. In 1701, Wilamet and
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173:, which ended the war with the Iroquois.
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109:René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle
14:
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684:. University of Oklahoma Press, 1978.
202:Illinois Territory in the War of 1812
702:. Cambridge University Press, 1991.
682:The Potawatomis: Keepers of the Fire
734:Native Americans in the War of 1812
119:region. Wilamet was adopted by the
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471:University of Massachusetts Press
135:in what is now the U.S. state of
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360:In September 1817, Winamac and
32:Winnemac (fictional U.S. state)
590:Clifton, 528; Edmunds, 307n66.
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298:, who welcomed two visiting
107:accompanied French explorer
44:was the name of a number of
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739:Native Americans in Indiana
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378:Winnemac (fictional state)
198:Indiana in the War of 1812
195:
94:
29:
569:Clifton, 89; Edmunds, 34.
416:Pocono Lake, Pennsylvania
401:Win-E-Mac School District
255:at Prophetstown in 1811.
150:. According to historian
34:. For the real town, see
744:Native American leaders
643:by Alan McPherson, 1993
641:Indian Names in Indiana
115:and the natives of the
52:and the natives of the
148:Franco-Indian alliance
465:Susan Sleeper-Smith,
394:on the north side of
215:Anti-American Winamac
196:Further information:
366:treaty of Fort Meigs
277:Pro-American Winamac
253:Battle of Tippecanoe
243:. Along with chiefs
62:means the same thing
680:Edmunds, R. David.
296:Chief Little Turtle
260:siege of Fort Wayne
129:Potawatomi language
75:in what is now the
66:Potawatomi language
665:Clifton, James A.
171:Treaty of Montreal
125:Eastern Algonquian
58:Eastern Algonquian
749:Potawatomi people
599:Edmunds, 172–173.
396:Chicago, Illinois
331:marched north to
16:(Redirected from
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410:Winamac, Indiana
403:in northwestern
239:and his brother
133:St. Joseph River
73:St. Joseph River
36:Winamac, Indiana
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447:Clifton, 19–20.
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414:Winamac Drive,
388:Winnemac Avenue
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267:Matthew Elliott
237:Shawnee Prophet
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192:War of 1812 era
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225:Ninian Edwards
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652:Edmunds, 219.
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626:Poinsatte, 97
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617:Edmunds, 192.
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392:Winnemac Park
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355:Fort Dearborn
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54:Lake Michigan
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551:Clifton, 89.
539:Clifton, 86.
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521:Clifton, 83.
517:
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499:
494:Clifton, 57.
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485:Clifton, 78.
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456:Clifton, 20.
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359:
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333:Prophetstown
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233:Prophetstown
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143:
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41:
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729:1821 deaths
724:1812 deaths
660:Works cited
560:White, 171.
283:Five Medals
208:War of 1812
206:During the
176:During the
121:Potawatomis
105:New England
89:War of 1812
718:Categories
530:White, 39.
512:White, 38.
469:(Amherst:
427:References
337:Tippecanoe
305:Fort Wayne
292:Fort Wayne
167:Onanghisse
113:New France
103:tribes of
101:Algonquian
77:U.S. state
50:New France
46:Potawatomi
405:Minnesota
372:Namesakes
346:Waubansee
321:Vincennes
287:Topinabee
249:Waubonsie
342:Shabbona
310:Tecumseh
245:Shabbona
241:Tecumseh
186:Meskwaki
178:Fox Wars
163:Cadillac
159:Iroquois
137:Michigan
85:Fox Wars
81:Michigan
18:Winnemac
335:on the
325:Shawnee
317:Cahokia
300:Quakers
95:Wilamet
64:in the
42:Winamac
706:
688:
673:
221:Osages
432:Notes
362:Metea
344:with
144:okama
704:ISBN
686:ISBN
671:ISBN
390:and
319:and
285:and
247:and
229:Gomo
200:and
184:and
182:Sauk
79:of
720::
698:.
631:^
574:^
544:^
478:^
440:^
139:.
710:.
692:.
677:.
384:.
38:.
20:)
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