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1203:, which investigated Schley's conduct before and during the Battle of Santiago. On December 13, 1901, the court reported its proceedings and the testimony taken, with a full and detailed statement of all the pertinent facts which it deemed to be established, together with its opinion and recommendations. Various officers gave conflicting testimony as to Schley's conduct, with one, Captain
936:, the fourth ship in the Spanish line, and received four hits, the Spaniard firing the last of its "good" ammunition (the Spanish vessels were handicapped because their otherwise rapid-firing 5.5-inch (140 mm) guns only had a limited supply of properly made ammunition, which they expended very quickly). Ironically, because
1248:, who supported Sampson on grounds of rank and seniority. Nonetheless, the public press, and particularly the Hearst newspapers, saw the outcome as vindicating Schley, whose status as a war hero was enhanced by the exposure. In January 1902, Rear Admiral Schley appealed from the verdict to President
1150:
When the victory message from
Sampson, who was of course in overall command of the naval campaign, was reported, it contained no reference to any officer other than himself, even though he was not involved in the actual fighting. Sampson was loath to praise Schley's role in the battle, a fact which
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to the south and east. The concept was that the bigger but slower warships would shield the
Daiquiri beachhead and supply ships to supporting the land invasion to the east and the faster ships to the west would be able to converge on the Spanish fleet as it came out. Clearly the greatest concern to
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After his collapse and death along 5th Avenue near the hotel, Schley's body lay unrecognized and unclaimed in the back yard of the local police precinct for several hours. It was only after he was discovered missing that he was properly identified and retrieved by the indignant concierge of the
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at the time of the incident), that his conduct in the
Santiago campaign was characterized by vacillation, dilatoriness, and "lack of enterprise," and that his coal reports were inaccurate and misleading. Admiral George Dewey, however, presented a minority report, in which he praised Schley for
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sent a dispatch to Schley asking him to stay at
Santiago, but he replied that he was unable to obey these orders. Inexplicably, Schley decided mid-voyage to return to Santiago on 28 May, where the following day it was confirmed that the Spanish Squadron was there. Sampson arrived on 1 June and
1179:
A controversy arose between partisans of Schley and those of
Sampson over their respective claims to the credit of the victory over Cervera's fleet during the recent war. Of that discussion neither officer personally took public notice until after the appearance of a work by
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assumed command. The
American ships formed a reverse crescent from west to south to east to blockade the narrow south facing harbor entrance channel to trap the Spanish ships. Generally, the crescent would be made up of the faster cruiser
691:
Although Schley was subordinate to
Sampson, he was accustomed to exercising independent command of his ship. Schley decided to stay at Cienfuegos, feeling that all signs indicated that Cervera was there in the harbor. After hearing from
984:, it received excellent press, far more than it actually deserved, and this to some extent may have exacerbated the negative impression arising from it having to first stop to avoid potential collision and then having its fire masked.
1155:, Schley would have been court-martialed. The public, however, regarded Schley as the hero not only of the battle, but also of the war, while Sampson was seen (accurately) as indecorous for not acknowledging Schley's role.
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eventually slowed as its small supply of
English coal ran out and it had to rely on lower-quality fuel; eventually it was forced to try to turn south and make a break. However, the long-range 13-inch (330 mm) guns of
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on 10 June and 11 June 1871. He then participated in the following Battle of
Gangwha which caused the destruction of the Korean fortifications, a fairly unknown early American intervention on the Korean peninsula before
1303:
Rear
Admiral Winfield Scott Schley died on October 2, 1911, nine years after Rear Admiral Sampson, who barely survived his retirement in 1902. At the time of his death, Schley was a noted resident of the famous
688:, not Cienfuegos, he initially vacillated, at first informing Schley of the rumor, yet requesting him to stay at Cienfuegos, then later changing his orders to have Schley investigate the situation at Santiago.
773:, Admiral Cervera attempted to force his squadron through the blockade by coming out of the channel to Santiago harbor with guns blazing and then turning west. Schley had assumed control in Sampson's absence.
1188:. In that book, the author referred to Commodore Schley as a "caitiff, poltroon and coward." The proofs of the book had been read and approved by various naval officers, among them Rear Admiral Sampson.
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The court recommended that no action be taken in view of the length of time which had elapsed. Rear Admiral Schley filed a protest against the court's findings, which, however, were approved by the
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Early in 1892 he was again transferred to the Lighthouse Bureau, and until February 1895 was inspector of the Third Lighthouse District. In 1895, he was placed in command of the armored cruiser
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the Navy was protecting the Army beachhead from a Spanish sortie. Of less concern was the Spanish ships running to the west to escape. There was one other ship, the armored cruiser
696:
insurgents that Cervera was definitely not at Cienfuegos, Schley decided to obey Sampson's orders three days after receiving them and go to Santiago. When the crew of three American
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derived from professional jealousy, as was evidenced later by Sampson's own conduct at the subsequent court of inquiry. Sampson was of the opinion that had it not been for the
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The majority report of the court found that Commodore Schley failed to proceed to Santiago with due despatch, that the squadron should not have been delayed by the yacht
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There is no doubt that Schley's turn gave the Spanish ships added time to get out of the mouth of Santiago harbor, but the American fleet, including Schley's
2008:
1829:
Schley and Santiago: An Historical Account of the Blockade and Final Destruction of the Spanish Fleet Under Command of Admiral Pasquale Cervera, July 3, 1898
1217:, that he should not have turned westward, that he should have obeyed the Navy Department's order of May 25, 1898, that he did not do his utmost to capture
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in the Arctic, Schley was appointed in February 1884 to command the next relief expedition. His flagship was the recently purchased Canadian sailing bark
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At Schley's request, because of the charges made against him in the book, a court of inquiry was opened on September 12, 1901, composed of Admiral
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Schley was commissioned commodore on 6 February 1898, and on 24 March, although lowest on the list of commodores, he was put in command of the
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580:, Schley rescued Greely and six (of his twenty-four) companions, after passing through 1,400 miles (2,300 km) of ice during the voyage.
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777:, his flagship, was placed on the extreme western side of the American crescent. As part of his plan, Cervera intentionally steered
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behind it. The firing was continuous from all ships, with the Americans somewhat blinded by the smoke, more so than the Spaniards.
1233:, for blanketing the fire of other American vessels, that he did injustice to Lieutenant Commander Hodgson (Navigation officer of
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rushed forward initially at the Spanish (this was the general plan, to close with the enemy as quickly as possible), but, as
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and properly, due to its greater firepower, passed to the inside towards the Spanish fleet, effectively masking the fire of
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in a small boat to report to Schley, the commodore happily shouted down to him from the bridge, "Some fight, eh, Jack?"
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was precautionary but clearly prudent, as a collision would have been a disaster. It is not documented how close
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and auxiliary vessels saw to the aftermath of the rest of the disabled Spanish fleet. The race with
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was now on fire and was so damaged that it had to turn north and beach itself. The battle between
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1842:"Old Hoodoo" The Battleship Texas, America's First Battleship (1895–1911), Cowan and Sumrall 2011
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promptness and efficient service, and gave him the credit for the destruction of Cervera's fleet.
572:, which would go on to have a long and distinguished career in Federal service. On 22 June, near
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Schley (fourth from left) and the crew that rescued the survivors of Adolphus Greely's expedition
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had not been able to fire a single shot, depriving Sampson of any participation in the battle.
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held by Special Collections & Archives, Nimitz Library at the United States Naval Academy
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Record of proceedings of a court of inquiry in the case of Rear Admiral Winfield Scott Schley
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1131:, too far to the east at his meeting, tried mightily to catch up to the battle. By the time
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as the massive armored cruiser appeared out of the smoke. Subsequently, the now stationary
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after it had noted the start of the latter's turn in its general direction. This action by
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After serving in Europe and on the west coast of Africa, he commanded the sloop of war
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he encountered denied knowledge of Cervera's whereabouts, Schley decided to return to
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been clean, Schley would have found himself chasing two ships and not fighting one.
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matched its direction to offer its broadside and run with the Spanish fleet, as did
555:. From 1879 until October 1883, he was inspector of the Second Lighthouse District.
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910:, now moving at a surprising speed for a pre-dreadnought battleship, ran up aft of
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was ferocious for a time as the ships steamed west, but the quality weaponry of
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to make a hole to the west for the rest of the Spanish ships, which had followed
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until 1872 and was adjutant of the land forces during the attack by Rear Admiral
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On October 5, 1911, Rear Admiral Schley was buried with full military honors at
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in search of a missing sealer, and rescued a shipwrecked crew on the islands of
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Schley was commissioned chief of the bureau of equipment and recruiting at the
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1947:
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was not going to veer off but was going to ram or launch torpedoes, ordered
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On 18 May 1898, "Schley's Flying Squadron" was sent by Acting Rear Admiral
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After re-supply and relief missions repeatedly failed to reach Lieutenant
1645:"Navy to Bury Schley: Body of Admiral to Be Placed in State in Arlington"
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Sons of the American Revolution Membership Applications on Ancestry.com.
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after the battle, and this may have increased its perceived importance.
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and the Spanish destroyers had also been overwhelmed by American fire.
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404:, on the Mississippi River in 1863, (part of the campaign to split the
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back towards the path of the rest of the squadron. This action caused
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out of the narrow channel in single file and through the gauntlet of
787:, which caught it with two 12-inch (300 mm) shells, directly at
450:, to protect American interests during a revolution. He was promoted
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had also already earned laurels during the taking of the Spaniards'
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until 1866. He suppressed an insurrection of Chinese workers on the
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1866:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance
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Rear Admiral Winfield Scott Schley during the Spanish–American War
1456:
1291:(New York, 1885). He also wrote and published his autobiography,
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612:, still under his command, was detailed to convey the remains of
604:'s squadron off the coast of Chile in 1891, going to the port of
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from 1876 to 1879, most of the time in the South Atlantic on the
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reached the bulk of the Spanish fleet, the battle was over, and
795:(which had very short range). Cervera's intent was to sacrifice
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but less heavily armed, which Sampson used as his own flagship.
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and had been involved with the excitement of the maneuvers by
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in the Naval Academy. He was promoted commander in June 1874.
1911:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1889:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1260:
Schley belonged to several military societies, including the
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1009:, closed and at only about 1,000 yards (910 m) engaged
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to pursue the Spanish Squadron under the command of Admiral
1272:(insignia number 9233). In 1905 he became a member of the
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886:. A newspaper artist later put it very close, and Captain
1097:, decided to beach and scuttle his ship. The capture of
2019:
United States Navy personnel of the Spanish–American War
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was quite large in appearance as it crossed in front of
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Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States
502:(then an independent kingdom) was later annexed by the
1005:, which had completed its turn and was still ahead of
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for a few minutes. This was not particularly grave as
1252:, who, however, confirmed Secretary Long's approval.
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in a running fight. It was fortunate for Schley that
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until 1862. He then served on the sidewheel gunboat
1750:"The Gentleman's Companion" by Charles H. Baker, Jr.
1472:
1380:, lime and sugar. The cocktail is mentioned both in
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and was assigned national membership number 17,070.
1021:, which was now clear of the fight. Had the hull of
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From 1872 to 1875, he was head of the department of
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1967:Winfield Scott Schley Naval Papers, 1869-1892 MS 3
1720:, Brookgreen Gardens, South Carolina, 1968, p. 301
1506:Westcott, Allan (1935). "Schley, Winfield Scott".
1372:There is an Admiral Schley cocktail consisting of
1339:There is a memorial to Schley in the lobby of the
722:to the west and south and the heavier battleships
1167:. In November 1899, he was put in command of the
684:. When Sampson received news that Cervera was in
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1980:
1697:"Rear Admiral Winfield Scott Schley (1839–1909)"
858:to steer away from the surprisingly aggressive
468:From 1866 to 1869, he was an instructor in the
324:Born at "Richfields" (his father's farm), near
1973:Winfield Scott Schley Typescript and Clippings
1602:Register of the Military Order of Foreign Wars
1175:Controversy relating to the Battle of Santiago
446:in 1865, and later in the same year landed at
420:Chincha Island War and San Salvador Revolution
1783:Schley, Winfield Scott; Soley, J. R. (1885),
992:, and would gain more in its engagement with
587:in 1885, and promoted captain in March 1888.
332:in 1860, and went as midshipman on board the
2009:People of Maryland in the American Civil War
1999:Saint John's Catholic Prep (Maryland) alumni
1885:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1634:Case, Frank. "Tales of a Wayward Inn". 1939.
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1933:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
1927:"Schley, Winfield Scott (supplement)"
1916:
1782:
1553:"Conflicting Testimony in the Schley Court"
1101:was an exciting end to the battle. Captain
960:more closely and even the trailing Spanish
432:, where he served on the sidewheel gunboat
16:United States Navy rear admiral (1839–1911)
823:, the fastest ship in the American fleet.
131:
1529:. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. pp.
1395:was composed in his honor by W. D. Allen.
1229:to stop, for carelessness in endangering
1207:, directly accusing Schley of cowardice.
1163:On 14 April 1899, Schley was promoted to
1120:s turn, stated that when he was going to
791:with the intent to ram and/or launch bow
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1871:
1736:. Minnesota Historical Society. p.
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295:(9 October 1839 – 2 October 1911) was a
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1438:Army and Navy stamp issues of 1936-1937
1359:(DD-103/APD-14) was named in his honor.
870:stopped because it could no longer see
850:, moving east, suddenly realizing that
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2034:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
1981:
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1799:
424:He was ordered from the waters of the
1894:
1806:, New York: D. Appleton and Company,
1777:The Motion Picture Camera Goes to War
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1139:also could not catch the beaching of
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2029:National Geographic Society founders
1954:Spanish American War Centennial Site
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1619:
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1595:
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1512:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
906:was also forced to cease firing, as
585:United States Department of the Navy
457:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1789:, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
1298:
940:had already to some extent engaged
381:of that squadron, and later on the
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2004:United States Naval Academy alumni
1699:. The Annapolis Complex Collection
1496:
1369:, is named after Commodore Schley.
1255:
1093:immediately behind the captain of
365:, and was assigned to the frigate
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2050:
1941:
1895:Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920).
1526:The United States in Our Own Time
1365:, an unincorporated community in
1186:History of the United States Navy
590:He commanded one of the earliest
2039:Military personnel from Maryland
1859:
1509:Dictionary of American Biography
1475:
1391:A march dated 1901 and entitled
1336:there are streets named for him.
1262:Naval Order of the United States
1068:following further behind, while
1045:, which was astern and firing.
704:, to get coal for his ship. The
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231:
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1803:Forty-five Years under the Flag
1800:Schley, Winfield Scott (1904),
1663:
1460:Schley's birthplace, Richfields
1293:Forty-five Years under the Flag
1278:Sons of the American Revolution
1041:overwhelmed it, not to mention
543:. During the cruise he sailed
34:needs additional citations for
1898:"Schley, Winfield Scott"
1826:Graham, George Edward (1902),
1637:
1266:Military Order of Foreign Wars
1158:
616:, designer of the famed first
514:Between conflicts, 1870s–1890s
472:. He was then assigned to the
1:
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1523:Andrews, E. Benjamin (1903).
1343:on State Circle in Annapolis.
761:was en route to meet General
506:in 1910, and the more famous
361:was in progress. He was made
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1975:at Dartmouth College Library
1759:Old Waldorf Astoria Bar Book
1718:Brookgreen Gardens Sculpture
1651:. 4 October 1911. p. 16
757:On 3 July, while Sampson in
564:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
352:
328:, Schley graduated from the
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7:
2024:United States Navy admirals
1948:Arlington National Cemetery
1616:. Robert G. Caroon. pg. 348
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1393:All Honor to Admiral Schley
1317:Arlington National Cemetery
819:to the south, and take out
655:, with the armored cruiser
470:United States Naval Academy
412:), having been promoted to
357:On his return in 1861, the
330:United States Naval Academy
183:Arlington National Cemetery
10:
2055:
1570:The New York Times Company
1406:
1346:There is a bust of him by
1153:Battle of Santiago de Cuba
1127:All the while, Sampson in
476:, and served there on the
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305:Battle of Santiago de Cuba
1716:Proske, Beatrice Gilman,
1483:American Civil War portal
1382:The Gentleman's Companion
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1113:during the battle due to
1056:Now Schley steamed after
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1963:Biography & Portrait
1936:. New York: D. Appleton.
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930:found itself engaged by
682:Pascual Cervera y Topete
1956:by Jack L. McSherry, Jr
1882:Encyclopædia Britannica
1169:South Atlantic Squadron
1089:dissuaded it and, with
547:to the vicinity of the
58:"Winfield Scott Schley"
1961:Men of Mark in America
1904:Encyclopedia Americana
1877:Schley, Winfield Scott
1730:Upham, Warren (1920).
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549:South Shetland Islands
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1832:, W.B. Conkey company
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1434:issued March 23, 1937
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1243:Secretary of the Navy
1201:Francis Munroe Ramsay
894:, stated later that
665:, for service in the
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489:'s expedition on the
448:La UniĂłn, El Salvador
373:Western Gulf Squadron
293:Winfield Scott Schley
220:Years of service
137:Winfield Scott Schley
125:Winfield Scott Schley
1786:The Rescue of Greely
1671:"Schley, Winfield S"
1386:Old Waldorf Bar Book
1341:Maryland State House
1289:The Rescue of Greely
1182:Edgar Stanton Maclay
1027:Infanta Maria Teresa
942:Infanta Maria Teresa
888:John Woodward Philip
860:Infanta Maria Teresa
852:Infanta Maria Teresa
833:Infanta Maria Teresa
801:Infanta Maria Teresa
797:Infanta Maria Teresa
780:Infanta Maria Teresa
765:onshore in Cuba and
667:Spanish–American War
639:Spanish–American War
452:lieutenant commander
309:Spanish–American War
303:and the hero of the
273:Spanish–American War
43:improve this article
2014:Union Navy officers
1773:Library of Congress
1649:The Washington Post
1330:Baltimore, Maryland
1285:James Russell Soley
1283:Schley wrote, with
1197:Andrew E. K. Benham
882:crossed the bow of
769:was off coaling at
326:Frederick, Maryland
173:New York City, U.S.
157:Frederick, Maryland
1561:The New York Times
1462:
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1442:
1295:(New York, 1904).
1250:Theodore Roosevelt
1080:was dramatic, but
753:Battle of Santiago
674:William T. Sampson
649:
600:, in Rear Admiral
592:protected cruisers
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359:American Civil War
301:United States Navy
269:American Civil War
214:United States Navy
1572:. 10 October 1901
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1363:Schley, Minnesota
1221:that the turn of
1199:and Rear Admiral
1051:Almirante Oquendo
958:Almirante Oquendo
933:Almirante Oquendo
702:Key West, Florida
464:Korean Expedition
458:Korean Expedition
440:executive officer
416:on 16 July 1862.
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1299:Death and burial
1219:CristĂłbal ColĂłn,
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811:to the east and
686:Santiago de Cuba
553:Tristan da Cunha
528:modern languages
430:Pacific Squadron
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1924:, eds. (1900).
1875:, ed. (1911). "
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1306:Algonquin Hotel
1301:
1276:Society of the
1258:
1256:Other interests
1195:, Rear Admiral
1177:
1161:
1141:CristĂłbal ColĂłn
1117:
1099:CristĂłbal ColĂłn
1095:CristĂłbal ColĂłn
1082:CristĂłbal ColĂłn
1078:CristĂłbal ColĂłn
1058:CristĂłbal ColĂłn
1019:CristĂłbal ColĂłn
953:CristĂłbal ColĂłn
890:, commander of
763:William Shafter
755:
706:Navy Department
653:Flying Squadron
641:
560:Adolphus Greely
516:
504:Japanese Empire
474:Asiatic Station
466:
460:
444:Chincha Islands
428:in 1864 to the
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99:December 2007
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60: –
59:
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54:Find sources:
48:
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38:
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32:This article
30:
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20:
1953:
1931:
1902:
1880:
1852:
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1712:
1701:. Retrieved
1691:
1679:. Retrieved
1674:
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1653:. Retrieved
1648:
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1597:
1586:
1574:. Retrieved
1559:
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1312:Algonquin.
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1274:Empire State
1259:
1240:
1234:
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1226:
1222:
1218:
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1193:George Dewey
1190:
1185:
1178:
1165:rear admiral
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602:George Brown
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532:
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491:Korean forts
487:John Rodgers
481:
467:
434:
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367:
356:
337:
323:
297:rear admiral
292:
291:
265:Battles/wars
247:
237:Rear Admiral
169:(1911-10-02)
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1994:1911 deaths
1989:1839 births
1853:Attribution
1677:. U.S. Army
1675:ANCExplorer
1576:11 November
1384:and in the
1367:Cass County
1159:Late career
846:Schley, in
626:to Sweden.
574:Cape Sabine
478:screw sloop
406:Confederacy
398:Port Hudson
387:Monongahela
307:during the
1983:Categories
1836:2007-12-16
1819:2007-12-16
1793:2007-12-16
1767:References
1703:2007-12-16
1614:Union Blue
1436:See also:
990:Guantanamo
956:, and now
771:Guantanamo
715:battleship
678:Cienfuegos
606:Valparaiso
508:Korean War
414:lieutenant
320:Early life
190:Allegiance
149:1839-10-09
69:newspapers
1922:Fiske, J.
1401:909811266
1354:USS
1212:USS
1184:entitled
793:torpedoes
618:Civil War
610:Baltimore
597:Baltimore
454:in 1866.
410:Vicksburg
402:Louisiana
353:Civil War
315:Biography
279:Signature
223:1860–1901
1469:See also
1378:dark rum
1268:and the
1235:Brooklyn
1223:Brooklyn
1145:New York
1137:New York
1133:New York
1129:New York
1122:Brooklyn
1115:Brooklyn
1091:Brooklyn
1039:Brooklyn
1031:Brooklyn
1003:Brooklyn
978:Brooklyn
926:passed,
896:Brooklyn
880:Brooklyn
872:Brooklyn
856:Brooklyn
848:Brooklyn
825:Brooklyn
821:Brooklyn
789:Brooklyn
775:Brooklyn
759:New York
747:Brooklyn
743:New York
711:Brooklyn
698:cruisers
663:flagship
658:Brooklyn
632:New York
393:Richmond
255:Commands
248:Brooklyn
208:Service/
1915::
1893::
1870::
1681:13 July
1655:13 July
1422:Sampson
1407:Gallery
1374:bourbon
1225:caused
1074:Indiana
1047:Vizcaya
1035:Vizcaya
1023:Vizcaya
1015:Vizcaya
1011:Vizcaya
947:Vizcaya
805:Indiana
661:as his
623:Monitor
482:Benicia
435:Wateree
371:of the
368:Potomac
338:Niagara
334:frigate
299:in the
83:scholar
1864:
1810:
1539:670878
1537:
1533:–430.
1430:Schley
1399:
1356:Schley
1323:Legacy
1264:, the
1103:Philip
1087:Oregon
1062:Oregon
1043:Oregon
1007:Oregon
982:Oregon
967:PlutĂłn
950:, and
924:Oregon
908:Oregon
841:Oregon
817:Oregon
734:, and
725:Oregon
383:sloops
378:Winona
363:master
210:branch
199:
159:, U.S.
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1556:(PDF)
1490:Notes
1426:Dewey
1231:Texas
1227:Texas
1214:Eagle
1118:'
1111:Texas
1107:Texas
1066:Texas
1060:with
986:Texas
973:Furor
938:Texas
928:Texas
920:Texas
916:Texas
912:Texas
904:Texas
900:Texas
892:Texas
884:Texas
876:Texas
868:Texas
864:Texas
837:Texas
829:Texas
813:Texas
719:Texas
694:Cuban
545:Essex
536:Essex
500:Korea
426:South
347:Japan
343:China
155:Near
90:JSTOR
76:books
1808:ISBN
1683:2023
1657:2023
1578:2010
1535:OCLC
1397:OCLC
1332:and
1246:Long
1072:and
1070:Iowa
1033:and
980:and
970:and
827:and
815:and
809:Iowa
807:and
785:Iowa
731:Iowa
713:and
569:Bear
390:and
345:and
243:Unit
228:Rank
164:Died
143:Born
62:news
1879:".
1531:424
1328:In
1105:of
676:to
576:in
562:'s
493:on
438:as
408:at
341:to
45:by
1985::
1930:.
1920:;
1901:.
1775:,
1738:92
1673:.
1647:.
1568:.
1564:.
1558:.
1498:^
1428:—
1424:—
1376:,
1287:,
1143:.
964:,
944:,
728:,
669:.
594:,
400:,
349:.
311:.
1907:.
1779:.
1740:.
1706:.
1685:.
1659:.
1580:.
1541:.
1388:.
151:)
147:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
