43:
390:
3334:
3324:
3314:
581:. Due to its improvements, Microsoft Windows gained more popularity after its release and its interface was considered to be easier to manage. Stewart Alsop II predicted in January 1988 that "Any transition to a graphical environment on IBM-style machines is bound to be maddeningly slow and driven strictly by market forces", because the GUI had "serious deficiencies" and users had to switch to DOS for many tasks.
455:
The
Windows API functions are largely handled by KERNEL.EXE, USER.EXE, and GDI.EXE. These files along with device drivers, printer drivers being the exception, are combined by the Windows setup program into WIN200.BIN and WIN200.OVL. The system files WINOLDAP.MOD and WINOLDAP.GRB are used to run
649:
and that
Windows 2.0 violated this copyright by having the same icons. The judge ruled in favor of Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft on all but 10 of the 189 graphical user interface elements on which Apple sued, and the court found the remaining 10 GUI elements could not be copyrighted.
345:
programs to run in parallel in "virtual 8086" CPU mode, rather than always suspending background applications. With the exception of a few kilobytes of overhead, each DOS application could use any available low memory before
Windows was started. Windows/386 also provided
52:
2180:
1760:
350:, using the memory management features of the i386 to make RAM beyond 640k behave like the banked memory previously only supplied by add-in cards and used by popular DOS applications. There was no support for disk-based
596:
The operating environment cost $ 99. Sales of
Microsoft Windows reached one million in 1988, and by January 1990, it had reached less than two million, although Windows 2.0 was not widely used. It was succeeded by
2164:
252:
Noted as an improvement of its predecessor, Microsoft
Windows gained more sales and popularity after the release of the operating environment, although it is also considered to be the incarnation that remained a
261:
had filed a lawsuit against
Microsoft in March 1988 after accusing them of violating copyrights Apple held; in the end, however, the judge ruled in favor of Microsoft. The operating environment was succeeded by
2031:
1791:
593:
magazine listed the variant as among the "distinction" winner of the BYTE Awards in 1989, describing it as a "serious competition for OS/2" as it "taps into the power of the 80386".
2098:
2408:
1663:
1816:
864:
1529:
314:, which had an option to ship with a "DOS 4.00 and Windows kit" for educational markets, shipped Windows with 8086 hardware. The basic edition would be later renamed to
2256:
329:, was available as early as September 1987, pre-dating the release of Windows 2.0 in December 1987. It was much more advanced than its other sibling. It introduced a
2076:
1984:
673:
2361:
3363:
2561:
1566:
413:, EMS memory, and new capabilities of the i386 CPU in some versions were also added. Windows 2.0 is the last version of Windows that ran solely on
1783:
373:, which have their own extended memory management and run in protected mode as well. This was remedied in version 3.0, which is compatible with
2053:
1140:
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1020:
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1113:
1655:
3327:
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1824:
1478:
354:, so multiple DOS programs had to fit inside the available physical memory. Users could run more applications on the 386 version.
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856:
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Unlike its predecessor, Windows 2.0 allows the user to overlap and resize application windows. It has also introduced
3238:
3223:
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2547:
1976:
374:
2534:
1713:
1409:
1949:
667:
225:. Windows 2.0 differs from its predecessor by allowing users to overlap and resize application windows, while the
2732:
2369:
2603:
1738:
MCSA/MCSE managing and maintaining a
Windows server 2003 environment: exam 70-290 study guide and DVD training
3373:
3228:
3161:
94:
3378:
3111:
378:
420:
The operating environment is shipped with fifteen programs, and it also introduced the GUI based programs
2951:
116:
1558:
637:, accusing them of violating copyrights Apple held on the Macintosh System Software. Apple claimed the "
3368:
3337:
3272:
3243:
3233:
3181:
3176:
3156:
2935:
2278:
405:, and the terminology "minimize" and "maximize", as opposed to "iconize" and "zoom" which was used in
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3171:
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381:(DPMI) in "386 enhanced" mode. Microsoft ended its support for Windows 2.0 on December 31, 2001.
338:
279:
3358:
3126:
2829:
2812:
2237:. John Daintith, Edmund Wright, Inc Facts on File. New York: Facts On File. 2006. p. 240.
1165:
Ray Duncan (September 1987). "Character-Oriented
Display Services Using OS/2's VIO Subsystem".
87:
3383:
358:
275:
226:
1868:
3262:
2431:
577:
Windows 2.0 is considered to be an incremental improvement of its predecessor, but still a
558:
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were also developed for
Windows 2.0. It is also the first Windows version to integrate the
42:
8:
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Incorporating the digital commons: corporate involvement in free and open source software
141:
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1045:
Across the Divide: Navigating the
Digital Revolution as a Woman, Entrepreneur and CEO
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33:
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microprocessor. Despite its configuration, the variant was fully operational on an
192:
136:
2529:
467:, and the two companies stated that it and Windows 2.0 would be almost identical.
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389:
303:
254:
246:
1656:"From Windows 1.0 to Windows 10: A history of Microsoft's signature PC software"
2983:
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421:
351:
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1305:
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1199:
1109:
994:
955:
902:
829:
790:
785:. Vol. 7, no. 16. Ziff Davis, Inc. September 27, 1988. p. 38.
749:
744:. Vol. 6, no. 20. Ziff Davis, Inc. November 24, 1987. p. 170.
708:
638:
602:
398:
230:
2526:– A website dedicated to preserving and showcasing Graphical User Interfaces
1756:
1525:
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2007:
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319:
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1961:
551:
A Microsoft-compatible pointing device is recommended, but not required
475:
The official system requirements for Windows 2.0 include the following.
337:
and applications run as a virtual 8086 mode task. The variant had fully
2867:
2763:
2758:
2722:
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2670:
2665:
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2652:
626:
497:
295:
291:
258:
62:
2535:
Microsoft article with details about the different versions of Windows
1741:. Debra Shinder Littlejohn, Jeffrey A. Martin. : Syngress. p. 5.
2749:
2744:
1957:
1486:
1172:
646:
630:
566:
441:
266:
in May 1988, while Microsoft ended its support on December 31, 2001.
215:
214:
The product includes two different variants: a base edition for 8086
200:
67:
2539:
2436:. Cork, Ireland: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 87.
2009:
Introduction to the history of computing: a computing history primer
1510:. Brian Knittel (3 ed.). Indianapolis, Ind.: Que. p. 92.
587:
considered that Windows 2.0 "wasn't much better than Windows 1.0".
562:
2391:
Pollack, Andrew; Times, Special To the New York (March 18, 1988).
1817:"Windows 1.0 to 10: The changing face of Microsoft's landmark OS"
929:
IBM Personal System 2 and IBM Personal Computer Product Reference
1918:. Vol. 24. Ziff Davis, Inc. November 8, 2005. p. 136.
642:
606:
540:
342:
1410:"New EMM386.exe fixes problem receiving NMI in protected mode"
51:
1784:"From Windows 1 to Windows 10: 29 years of Windows evolution"
302:
would not be available on an 8086-class processor; however,
2293:"March 17: Apple Sues Microsoft for Copyright Infringement"
1083:
Games vs. Hardware. The History of PC video games: The 80's
589:
583:
505:
366:
362:
219:
2613:
307:
2165:"A Brief History of Windows Sales Figures, 1985-Present"
1378:. Vol. 12. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 54.
1104:. Vol. 11. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 64.
278:
came in two different variants with different names and
2491:. London: University of Westminster Press. p. 56.
1590:"IBM Introduces OS/2, DOS 3.3 as New Operating Systems"
950:. Vol. 9. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 44.
824:. Vol. 10. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 1.
703:. Vol. 9. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 46.
1596:. Vol. 9. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 2.
857:"Microsoft Windows turns 30: A brief retrospective"
524:Two double-sided floppy disk drives or a hard disk
428:, to compete against the then-reigning competitors
1294:"The Taskmasters: Real 386 Operating Environments"
257:. Due to the introduction of overlapping windows,
3350:
2234:The Facts on File dictionary of computer science
1862:
1860:
672:. Vol. 15. McGraw-Hill. 1990. p. 131.
557:Windows 2.0 was dependent on the DOS system and
1507:Special edition using Microsoft Windows XP home
1441:"Windows 3.0: All That Memory, All Those Modes"
2069:"Windows 1.0: The flop that created an empire"
1447:. Vol. 10. Ziff Davis, Inc. p. 352.
2555:
2330:. Vol. 24. IDG Enterprise. p. 144.
1942:
1857:
1844:
1842:
1626:
1471:
1300:. Vol. 6. Ziff Davis, Inc. p. 170.
1261:. Vol. 8. Ziff Davis, Inc. p. 340.
1229:. Pennsylvania: Peachpit Press. p. 644.
1194:. Vol. 9. Ziff Davis, Inc. p. 427.
2390:
2132:. Vol. 22. IDG Enterprise. p. 33.
2126:"The raging battle between the spreadsheets"
1160:
1158:
989:. Vol. 24. IDG Enterprise. p. 13.
897:. Vol. 21. IDG Enterprise. p. 20.
816:Patton, Carole; Mace, Scott (July 4, 1988).
612:
2530:ComputerHope.com: Microsoft Windows history
2429:
2005:
1977:"Microsoft Windows 1.0, where it all began"
1688:. BookCaps Study Guides. 2012. p. 20.
1224:
218:, and Windows/386, an enhanced edition for
3364:Products and services discontinued in 2001
3323:
3313:
2562:
2548:
2484:
2393:"Apple Sues Microsoft And Hewlett-Packard"
2362:"Tech Giant Showdown: Microsoft vs. Apple"
2091:
2052:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1839:
1588:Angus, Jeff; Mace, Scott (April 6, 1987).
1164:
815:
2162:
2123:
1587:
1155:
1137:"A very brief anecdote about Windows 3.0"
282:support. The basic edition supported the
18:Second major release of Microsoft Windows
1438:
388:
2342:from the original on September 22, 2022
1734:
1608:from the original on September 22, 2022
1459:from the original on September 22, 2022
1390:from the original on September 22, 2022
1351:from the original on September 22, 2022
1330:
1206:from the original on September 22, 2022
1143:from the original on September 22, 2022
1080:
1062:from the original on September 22, 2022
1041:
1001:from the original on September 22, 2022
909:from the original on September 22, 2022
891:"Testers laud soon-to-ship Windows/386"
854:
836:from the original on September 22, 2022
818:"Windows Gets More Memory With Upgrade"
715:from the original on September 22, 2022
620:Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp.
207:on December 9, 1987, as a successor to
3351:
2124:Rosenthal, Morton (January 11, 1988).
1974:
1867:Alsop, Stewart II (January 18, 1988).
1848:
1702:
1653:
1559:"A Brief History of Microsoft Windows"
1503:
1369:
1095:
941:
867:from the original on December 23, 2019
694:
676:from the original on September 8, 2021
470:
357:Neither of these versions worked with
2569:
2543:
2411:from the original on January 27, 2022
2321:
1906:
1904:
1866:
1811:
1809:
1781:
1716:from the original on February 7, 2013
1629:"History of Windows Operating System"
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1291:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1098:"Computer-Aided Software Engineering"
980:
931:. 4. New York: IBM. 1988. p. 78.
888:
645:, taken as a whole, was protected by
2322:Keefe, Patricia (February 5, 1990).
2213:from the original on October 6, 2021
1960:. September 23, 2011. Archived from
1869:"Microsoft Windows: Eclectism in UI"
1185:
1134:
884:
882:
855:Lendino, Jamie (November 20, 2015).
773:
771:
732:
730:
2466:from the original on March 20, 2022
2183:from the original on April 18, 2022
2079:from the original on April 16, 2022
1987:from the original on April 18, 2022
1975:Martin, James (November 20, 2013).
1823:. November 19, 2015. Archived from
1794:from the original on April 14, 2022
1666:from the original on April 18, 2022
1627:Mahesh Dabade (September 1, 2015).
1569:from the original on March 19, 2022
1416:. November 15, 2006. Archived from
942:Miller, Michael (August 17, 1987).
889:Jones, Stephen (November 9, 1987).
377:(VCPI) in "standard mode" and with
269:
175:Unsupported as of December 31, 2001
56:Screenshot of Microsoft Windows 2.0
13:
2368:. November 5, 2013. Archived from
2303:from the original on July 26, 2021
2066:
1901:
1889:from the original on March 8, 2021
1806:
1544:
1439:Schulman, Andrew (June 11, 1991).
1370:Miller, Michael (March 26, 1990).
1312:from the original on April 7, 2022
1243:
1116:from the original on March 7, 2016
1048:. Images Publishing. p. 161.
981:Keefe, Patricia (April 30, 1990).
962:from the original on April 8, 2022
756:from the original on April 7, 2022
695:Miller, Michael (April 13, 1987).
393:Aldus Pagemaker 3.0 on Windows 2.0
14:
3400:
2517:
2259:from the original on July 2, 2022
2144:from the original on July 2, 2022
2034:from the original on June 4, 2022
1930:from the original on May 13, 2022
1782:Gibbs, Samuel (October 2, 2014).
1763:from the original on June 4, 2022
1532:from the original on June 4, 2022
1292:Rosch, Winn (November 24, 1987).
1273:from the original on July 2, 2022
1096:Pavlac, Ross (December 4, 1989).
879:
797:from the original on July 2, 2022
768:
727:
561:was restricted to a maximum of 1
375:Virtual Control Program Interface
3333:
3332:
3322:
3312:
2485:Birkinbine, Benjamin J. (2020).
2163:McCracken, Harry (May 7, 2013).
1331:Compton, Jason (November 2005).
50:
41:
2478:
2423:
2384:
2354:
2324:"Precedents may aid Lotus case"
2315:
2285:
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2117:
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1999:
1968:
1775:
1728:
1678:
1654:Molina, Brett (June 24, 2021).
1647:
1620:
1581:
1497:
1489:. July 25, 2011. Archived from
1432:
1402:
1363:
1324:
1285:
1218:
1186:Hall, William (June 26, 1990).
1179:
1135:Chen, Raymond (April 7, 2004).
1128:
1089:
1074:
1035:
1013:
983:"For many, DOS can still do it"
974:
2524:GUIdebook: Windows 2.0 Gallery
1339:. Future US, Inc. p. 36.
1225:Emery Davis, Frederic (1993).
935:
921:
848:
809:
688:
660:
1:
1631:. TechTrickle. Archived from
1565:. August 3, 2009. p. 2.
653:
2433:A Brief History of Computing
2012:. Switzerland. p. 220.
1253:Rosch, Winn (May 30, 1989).
1081:Purcaru, Bogdan Ion (2014).
601:, which was released in the
572:
479:Minimum system requirements
379:DOS Protected Mode Interface
121:2.03 / December 9, 1987
7:
3389:Products introduced in 1987
2888:Preinstallation Environment
2863:Fundamentals for Legacy PCs
2203:"Definition of Windows 2.0"
2105:. January 1989. p. 327
1735:Shinder, Thomas W. (2003).
1255:"Multitasking Without OS/2"
384:
237:, and support for 16-color
10:
3405:
1333:"Happy Birthday, Windows!"
1042:Elliott, Susan S. (2011).
643:Macintosh operating system
616:
3308:
3300:Windows Server Essentials
3285:Windows for Pen Computing
3091:
3050:
3017:
2969:
2944:
2914:
2901:
2880:
2853:
2772:
2688:
2679:
2651:
2612:
2577:
2442:10.1007/978-1-4471-2359-0
1950:"Windows Version History"
1168:Microsoft Systems Journal
613:Legal conflict with Apple
550:
539:
531:
523:
515:
496:
450:program information files
325:The other variant, named
205:released to manufacturing
174:
169:
158:
147:
135:
115:
93:
83:
73:
61:
49:
40:
31:
2430:O'Regan, Gerard (2008).
2006:O'Regan, Gerard (2016).
1372:"OS/2: The Right Stuff?"
629:filed a lawsuit against
333:kernel, above which the
298:processor, although the
2297:Computer History Museum
1851:The MS-DOS Encyclopedia
1504:Cowart, Robert (2005).
459:IBM licensed Windows's
436:. Software such as the
409:. Support for 16-color
339:preemptive multitasking
2277:: CS1 maint: others (
1912:"Windows: what's next"
1027:. 2012. Archived from
1021:"A History of Windows"
779:"High-Impact Graphics"
394:
341:, and allowed several
184:is a major release of
123:; 36 years ago
103:; 36 years ago
1420:on September 27, 2013
1227:The Windows 3.1 Bible
392:
306:could still be used.
276:operating environment
241:. It also introduced
227:operating environment
101:December 9, 1987
3374:History of Microsoft
1964:on November 7, 2006.
1849:Duncan, Ray (1988).
738:"Apple Takes on IBM"
559:random-access memory
532:EGA or VGA adapters
465:Presentation Manager
318:with the release of
3379:History of software
3295:Microsoft PowerToys
2952:Embedded Automotive
2372:on November 5, 2013
1686:Apple Vs. Microsoft
1635:on November 4, 2015
1493:on August 14, 2005.
1479:"Obsolete Products"
625:On March 17, 1988,
480:
471:System requirements
359:DOS memory managers
142:Commercial software
28:
3251:Version comparison
2936:Embedded Compact 7
2397:The New York Times
1853:. Microsoft Press.
565:due to running in
478:
403:keyboard shortcuts
395:
235:keyboard shortcuts
197:personal computers
26:
3369:Microsoft Windows
3346:
3345:
3188:Removed features
2965:
2964:
2957:Embedded Industry
2893:MultiPoint Server
2876:
2875:
2571:Microsoft Windows
2498:978-1-912656-43-1
2451:978-1-84800-084-1
2244:978-1-4381-0939-8
2099:"The BYTE Awards"
2067:Cooper, Charles.
2019:978-3-319-33138-6
1827:on April 22, 2022
1748:978-0-08-047925-5
1695:978-1-62107-320-8
1517:978-0-7897-3279-8
1414:Microsoft Support
1236:978-1-56609-015-5
1055:978-1-86470-455-6
1031:on June 10, 2016.
555:
554:
516:512 KB of memory
456:MS-DOS programs.
284:virtual 8086 mode
193:operating systems
186:Microsoft Windows
179:
178:
78:Microsoft Windows
34:Microsoft Windows
3396:
3336:
3335:
3326:
3325:
3318:List of versions
3316:
3315:
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2818:Home Server 2011
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2003:
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1966:
1965:
1956:(4.0 ed.).
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1175:. pp. 1–15.
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300:high memory area
270:Release versions
255:work in progress
229:also introduced
131:
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111:
109:
104:
54:
45:
36:operating system
29:
25:
23:Operating system
3404:
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3290:Microsoft Plus!
3224:Version history
3087:
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3013:
2961:
2940:
2931:Embedded CE 6.0
2917:
2906:
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2897:
2872:
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2806:HPC Server 2008
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1712:. Toasty Tech.
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635:Hewlett-Packard
623:
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579:work in process
575:
473:
438:Aldus Pagemaker
387:
304:expanded memory
272:
127:
125:
122:
107:
105:
102:
96:
57:
32:Version of the
24:
19:
12:
11:
5:
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3015:
3014:
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3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2984:Pocket PC 2002
2981:
2979:Pocket PC 2000
2975:
2973:
2971:Windows Mobile
2967:
2966:
2963:
2962:
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2959:
2954:
2948:
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2859:
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2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2830:Server 2012 R2
2827:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2813:Server 2008 R2
2810:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2780:
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2769:
2767:
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2574:
2567:
2566:
2559:
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2544:
2538:
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2519:
2518:External links
2516:
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2477:
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2422:
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2314:
2284:
2243:
2224:
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2090:
2059:
2018:
1998:
1967:
1941:
1900:
1856:
1838:
1805:
1774:
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1727:
1710:"Windows 2.03"
1701:
1694:
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1646:
1619:
1580:
1543:
1516:
1496:
1470:
1431:
1401:
1362:
1323:
1284:
1242:
1235:
1217:
1178:
1154:
1127:
1088:
1085:. p. 415.
1073:
1054:
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1012:
973:
934:
920:
878:
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767:
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687:
658:
657:
655:
652:
617:Main article:
614:
611:
574:
571:
553:
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543:3.0 or higher
538:
534:
533:
530:
526:
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510:
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491:
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487:
484:
472:
469:
422:Microsoft Word
386:
383:
352:virtual memory
331:protected mode
271:
268:
243:Microsoft Word
223:protected mode
188:, a family of
177:
176:
172:
171:
170:Support status
167:
166:
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156:
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145:
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119:
117:Latest release
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3385:
3382:
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3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3359:1987 software
3357:
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3329:
3321:
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3311:
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3307:
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3153:New features
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3019:Windows Phone
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3007:
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2470:September 16,
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2015:
2011:
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1139:. Microsoft.
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639:look and feel
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609:in May 1988.
608:
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603:United States
600:
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547:
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519:
512:
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508:recommended)
507:
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489:Windows 2.03
488:
486:Windows 2.01
485:
483:
482:
476:
468:
466:
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457:
453:
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446:Control Panel
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427:
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418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:desktop icons
391:
382:
380:
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372:
371:DOS extenders
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
348:EMS emulation
344:
340:
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328:
323:
321:
317:
313:
312:PS/2 Model 25
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88:Closed source
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53:
48:
44:
39:
35:
30:
21:
16:
3384:DOS software
3256:Vista and XP
3098:Development
2733:Media Center
2627:
2487:
2480:
2468:. Retrieved
2432:
2425:
2413:. Retrieved
2396:
2386:
2374:. Retrieved
2370:the original
2365:
2356:
2344:. Retrieved
2327:
2317:
2305:. Retrieved
2296:
2287:
2261:. Retrieved
2233:
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2206:
2197:
2185:. Retrieved
2168:
2158:
2146:. Retrieved
2129:
2119:
2107:. Retrieved
2102:
2093:
2081:. Retrieved
2072:
2062:
2036:. Retrieved
2008:
2001:
1989:. Retrieved
1980:
1970:
1962:the original
1953:
1944:
1932:. Retrieved
1915:
1893:November 23,
1891:. Retrieved
1879:
1875:
1850:
1829:. Retrieved
1825:the original
1820:
1796:. Retrieved
1788:The Guardian
1787:
1777:
1765:. Retrieved
1737:
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1704:
1685:
1680:
1668:. Retrieved
1659:
1649:
1639:November 21,
1637:. Retrieved
1633:the original
1622:
1610:. Retrieved
1593:
1583:
1571:. Retrieved
1562:
1534:. Retrieved
1506:
1499:
1491:the original
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