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517:/A display driver. IBM released this version on three 3.5-inch 720k floppies and offered it as part of their "Personal Publishing System" and "Collegiate Kit" bundles. Microsoft ended its support for Windows 1.0 on December 31, 2001, making it the longest-supported version out of all versions of Windows.
837:
were also critical of
Windows when it was first presented to them by a group of Microsoft representatives. Underestimating the future impact of the platform, he believed that in comparison to an in-house window manager, "these guys came in with this pathetic and naïve system. We just knew they were
346:
arrangements. This user interface concept was soon reworked to only support tiled windows and to change the
Multiplan-like command bar into a menu bar under each window's title bar. The redesigned environment ultimately had its public debut at Fall COMDEX 1983 in November 1983. Initially requiring
792:
Windows 1.0 was released to lukewarm and mixed reviews. Critics considered the platform to have future potential but felt that
Windows 1.0 had not fulfilled expectations and that it could not compete with Apple's GUI operating system. It was also criticized for its slowness and compatibility with
650:
contains debugging versions of these files, which can be used to replace the corresponding files on the setup disks. The setup program combines multiple system files into one, so that
Windows boots faster. Using the debugging KERNEL.EXE provided by the Windows 1.0 SDK one can create a "slow boot"
456:
Microsoft had promised in
November 1983 to ship Windows by April 1984, although, due to various design modifications, its release date was delayed. During its development and before its windowing system was developed, it was briefly referred to by the codename "Interface Manager". De-emphasizing
416:
magazine stated in
December 1983 that it "seems to offer remarkable openness, reconfigurability, and transportability as well as modest hardware requirements and pricing … Barring a surprise product introduction from another company, Microsoft Windows will be the first large-scale test of the
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very little software. Reviews criticized its demanding system requirements, especially noting the poor performance experienced when running multiple applications at once, and that
Windows encouraged the use of a mouse for navigation, a relatively new concept at the time.
59:
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magazine, Windows 1.0 received 500,000 sales from its release in 1985 up to April 1987. In retrospect, Windows 1.0 was regarded as a flop by contemporary technology publications, who, however, still acknowledged its overall importance to the history of the
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in 2012 as a parallel to
Microsoft's struggles with early versions of Windows. In a similar fashion to Windows 1.0 running atop MS-DOS as a layer, Windows 8 offered a new type of interface and software geared towards an emerging form of
663:. The operating environment could also move the program code and data segments in memory, to allow programs to share code and data that are located in dynamic-link libraries. Windows 1.0 implemented the use of code segment swapping.
1803:
272:, and its performance issues, while it has also received positive responses to Microsoft's early presentations and support from a number of hardware- and software-makers. Its last release was 1.04, and it was succeeded by
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On
November 10, in New York, Microsoft announced Windows… Microsoft says it will ship Windows to dealers in April (although a product like Windows is difficult to predict and may take longer), priced between $ 100 and $
666:
Version 1.02 introduced drivers for
European keyboards, as well as screen and print drivers. The last Windows 1.0 release, 1.04, introduced support for IBM PS/2 computers. Due to Microsoft's extensive support for
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as a commercially published video game. It was included in Windows 1.0 as a built-in application, and it relies on mouse control. The operating environment also introduced the
807:
felt that the poor performance, lack of dedicated software, uncertain compatibility with DOS programs, and the lack of tutorials for new users made DOS-based software such as
572:, which allows users to perform click-and-drag operations. Contrary to modern Windows operating systems, the mouse button had to be kept pressed to display the selected menu.
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276:, which was released in December 1987. Microsoft ended its support for Windows 1.0 on December 31, 2001, making it the longest-supported out of all versions of Windows.
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461:-rich environment" while using less memory. After Microsoft persuaded IBM that the latter needed a GUI, the two companies announced in April 1987 the introduction of
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784:
Besides the minimum system requirements, Microsoft has also published a note in which it recommended additional memory when using multiple applications or DOS 3.3.
383:
to develop IBM PC applications; Microsoft planned to encourage other companies, including competitors, to develop programs for Windows by not requiring a Microsoft
635:, and instead, the windows are tiled. When a program gets minimized, its icon would appear on a horizontal line at the bottom of the screen, which resembles the
425:
magazine in April 1984 that "our strategies and energies as a company are totally committed to Windows, in the same way that we're committed to operating-system
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and other contemporary Microsoft applications with a command bar at the bottom of the screen. It also showed multiple application windows in both
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in the Arctic" and that its design was inflexible for keyboard users due to its dependency on a mouse-oriented interface. In conclusion, the
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for non-U.S. keyboards and additional screen and printer drivers, and superseded both version 1.01 in the US and version 1.02 in Europe.
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In May 1986, the next release, 1.02, was published mainly for the European market, also introducing non-English versions of Windows 1.0.
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graphics modes was provided. However, on May 27, 1987, an OEM version was released by IBM, which added VGA support, PS/2 mouse support,
488:, the first retail release, Windows 1.01, was released in the United States at a cost of US$ 99 (equivalent to about $ 280.00 in 2023).
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Microsoft first demonstrated a window manager to the press in September 1983. The demonstration featured a user interface similar to
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was notably absent from Microsoft's announcement, and the corporation rejected Windows in favor of creating its own product called
261:. Windows 1.0 received four releases numbered 1.01 through 1.04, mainly adding support for newer hardware or additional languages.
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1985:
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version of Windows, where the files are separate. Windows 1.0 includes a kernel, which performs functions such as task handling,
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Windows version 1.03, released in August 1986, included enhancements that made it consistent with the international release like
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and permitting non-well-behaved applications to run in a full screen, Windows differed from both Visi On and Apple Computer's
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811:(which could provide a similar assortment of accessories and multitasking functionality) more desirable for most PC users.
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Vintage game consoles: an inside look at Apple, Atari, Commodore, Nintendo, and the greatest gaming platforms of all time
327:—was much more advanced; Microsoft decided it needed to differentiate its own offering. In August 1983, Gates recruited
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was showcased to the public in November 1983, although it ended up being released two years later. Windows 1.0 runs on
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in the hands of its intended users." From early in Windows's history, Gates viewed it as Microsoft's future. He told
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MCSA/MCSE managing and maintaining a Windows server 2003 environment : exam 70-290 study guide and DVD training
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Media Informatics and Human-Computer Interaction Groups of the Department of Informatics of the University of Munich
331:, one of the key developers behind PARC's original windowing system, to be the developer team lead for Windows 1.0.
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multitasking, the company stated that Windows' purpose, unlike that of TopView, was to "turn the computer into a
433:. We're also saying that only applications that take advantage of Windows will be competitive in the long run."
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in the United States on November 20, 1985, while the European version was released as Windows 1.02 in May 1986.
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that lists the developers who worked on the operating environment along with a message that says "Congrats!".
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548:, and it offers limited multitasking of existing MS-DOS programs and concentrates on creating an interaction
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Frigivet i August 1986 og var den første version som indeholdt driver til andre keyboard en US modellerne
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designed for Windows, as well as existing MS-DOS software. It included multitasking and the use of the
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The system received lukewarm reviews; critics raised concerns about not fulfilling expectations, its
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646:, which are located as files in the system under the names KERNEL.EXE, USER.EXE, and GDI.EXE. The
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by immediately offering many applications. Unlike Visi On, Windows developers did not need to use
3712:
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257:. The operating environment does not allow its windows to overlap, and instead, the windows are
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441:. By late 1984, the press reported a "War of the Windows" between Windows, IBM's TopView, and
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On November 20, 1985, two years after the initial announcement, Microsoft ships Windows 1.0.
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Executive would open an application window. Windows 1.0 also includes programs such as the
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49:
8:
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1676:"IBM's SolutionPac personal publishing system a serious addition to desk-top publishing"
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programs on current versions of Windows to a large extent but also to recompile their
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84:
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655:, and input and output of files, while the two other dynamic-link libraries are the
303:, co-founder of Microsoft and the lead developer of Windows, saw a demonstration at
2146:
Microsoft Windows Software Development Kit: Programmer's Utility Guide Version 1.03
808:
636:
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Its development began after the Microsoft co-founder and spearhead of Windows 1.0,
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In March 2022, it was discovered that the operating environment also includes an
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2315:. University of Michigan: Institute of Management Sciences. 1988. p. 276.
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compared the performance of Windows on a system with 512 KB of RAM to "pouring
656:
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407:
384:
242:
2378:"Almost 37 years after its launch, someone found an Easter egg in Windows 1.0"
284:
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2179:. Charles Petzold (4 ed.). Redmond, Wash.: Microsoft Press. p. 87.
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1933:
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2281:"What's up with the mysterious inc bp in function prologues of 16-bit code?"
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into an equally functional "modern" application with limited modifications.
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2514:. Vol. 13, no. 12. Ziff Davis, Inc. June 28, 1994. p. 267.
2033:
1913:
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2863:"Microsoft's new Windows 1.11 app is a Stranger Things trip back to 1985"
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974:"Revisiting Windows 1.0: how Microsoft's first desktop gracefully failed"
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2411:"This Windows 1.0 easter egg managed to stay hidden for nearly 37 years"
2345:. Vol. 14, no. 9. Ziff Davis, Inc. May 16, 1995. p. 150.
778:
A Microsoft-compatible pointing device is recommended, but not required
694:
The official system requirements for Windows 1.0 include the following.
323:'s own GUI software—also bit-mapped, and based in part on research from
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was created from a revision of this article dated 4 May 2024
1784:. Debra Shinder Littlejohn, Jeffrey A. Martin. : Syngress. p. 8.
1306:"Windows to the world: a brief history of this popular user interface"
1095:
Lemmons, Phil. "Microsoft Windows: A mouse with modest requirements".
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3179:
2867:
2508:"Fast, Faster, Fastest: Selecting and Displaying Fonts in Windows NT"
2453:
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A mock version of Windows 1.0 was created by Microsoft as an app for
845:
840:
469:, which were supposed to ultimately replace both MS-DOS and Windows.
335:
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196:
74:
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1915:
Introduction to the history of computing: a computing history primer
1737:. Brian Knittel (3 ed.). Indianapolis, Ind.: Que. p. 92.
894:
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608:
549:
502:
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348:
308:
269:
1061:"An Update on Windows: Developers to get package later this month"
2960:
1480:"Windows 1.0 to 10: The changing face of Microsoft's landmark OS"
872:
312:
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Version 1.04, released in April 1987, added support for the new
767:
763:
623:, although Microsoft scrapped the idea; instead, it introduced
580:
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promised to provide support, as did software companies such as
391:
360:
304:
299:(GUI) as early as 1981. The development of Windows began after
227:
223:
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manager, a Clipboard, and a Print Spooler program. Initially,
1827:"From Windows 1 to Windows 10: 29 years of Windows evolution"
1011:
Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire
430:
58:
2247:"Windows and PM: Friendly Companions or Deadly Competitors?"
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514:
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replaced McGregor after he left the team in January 1985.
288:
A Microsoft Windows 1.0 brochure published in January 1986
3048:
2723:. Vol. 21, no. 15. April 13, 1987. p. 42.
2636:. Matt Barton. Burlington, MA: Focal Press. p. 227.
576:
506:
434:
237:, and it provides an environment which can run graphical
2679:"A Brief History of Windows Sales Figures, 1985-Present"
1447:"35 Years of Microsoft Windows: Remembering Windows 1.0"
967:
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963:
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when using well-behaved applications that only used DOS
2160:
Microsoft Windows Software Development Kit Version 1.03
1036:
The Computing Universe: A Journey Through a Revolution
958:
844:
considered the poor reception towards the release of
2832:"Windows 1.0 turning 25: First experiences recalled"
505:
computers, although no support for PS/2 mice or new
744:Two double-sided floppy disk drives or a hard disk
210:, saw a demonstration of a similar software suite,
1394:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
671:, it is not only possible to execute Windows 1.0
607:graphics. The operating environment also has the
3785:
2630:Loguidice, Bill (2014). "PC Windows Computers".
2473:"Microsoft ships Windows 1.0, November 20, 1985"
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2436:
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319:computers. A year later, Microsoft learned that
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2561:
2559:
2082:"PC Games Introduced with each Windows Release"
1734:Special edition using Microsoft Windows XP home
1508:
1008:
919:
917:
915:
2823:
2756:"Windows 1.0: The flop that created an empire"
2568:"Personal Computers; Windows Are Open At Last"
2116:"Windows 1.0 and the Applications of Tomorrow"
1192:
1109:
1009:Wallace, James; Erickson, Jim (June 1, 1993).
355:drives, Microsoft described the software as a
2990:
2433:
2253:. Vol. 8. Ziff Davis, Inc. p. 330.
1698:
1511:"Should your business upgrade to Windows 11?"
1266:"The Curtain Rises On The War of the Windows"
1254:
1186:
2601:"Microsoft Windows turns 30 years old today"
2556:
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2038:(1 ed.). New Delhi, India. p. 68.
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1650:"IBM PS2 OEM Microsoft Windows 1.04 - 720k"
1038:. Cambridge University Press. p. 157.
3804:Products and services discontinued in 2001
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2066:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2009:Operating Systems and Software Diagnostics
1958:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
390:Manufacturers of MS-DOS computers such as
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2219:
2162:, Microsoft Corporation, 1986, README.TXT
2035:A complete guide to computer fundamentals
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881:, aligned with the release of the show's
2940:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
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1069:. Vol. 6, no. 19. p. 52.
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1002:
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245:, and various built-in programs such as
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1545:"OS/2: Multitasking DOS Slated for '88"
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2245:Petzold, Charles (December 12, 1989).
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838:never going to accomplish anything."
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926:"Microsoft Windows: Eclectism in UI"
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533:Windows 1.0 was built on the MS-DOS
63:Screenshot of Microsoft Windows 1.01
2697:from the original on April 18, 2022
2611:from the original on April 17, 2022
2542:"Windows receives graphics upgrade"
2421:from the original on April 16, 2022
2390:from the original on March 21, 2022
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1893:from the original on April 16, 2022
1837:from the original on April 14, 2022
1563:from the original on April 20, 2022
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1232:"The Secret Origin of Windows"
1195:"Company Strategies Boomerang"
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905:
871:as part of a tie-in with the
564:programs for the future. The
529:MS-DOS Executive file manager
513:support, and support for the
2861:Warren, Tom (July 8, 2019).
1918:. Switzerland. p. 220.
1141:: Popular Computing: 32–36.
1101:. Vol. 8, no. 12.
829:(who went on to develop the
787:
698:Minimum system requirements
591:(then known as Paintbrush),
447:Graphics Environment Manager
410:. After previewing Windows,
7:
3824:Products introduced in 1985
3323:Preinstallation Environment
3298:Fundamentals for Legacy PCs
1883:"Definition of Windows 1.0"
1778:Shinder, Thomas W. (2003).
888:
864:used by previous versions.
520:
315:, a GUI software suite for
130:; 37 years ago
10:
3840:
835:Carnegie Mellon University
752:CGA, HGC, or EGA adapters
642:It also consists of three
637:modern-day Windows taskbar
20:
3743:
3735:Windows Server Essentials
3720:Windows for Pen Computing
3526:
3485:
3452:
3404:
3379:
3349:
3336:
3315:
3288:
3207:
3123:
3114:
3086:
3047:
3012:
2446:"Windows Version History"
2173:Petzold, Charles (1996).
1406:Microsoft Windows Support
777:
762:
751:
743:
735:
732:
721:
661:Graphics Device Interface
477:On November 20, 1985
201:released to manufacturing
170:
165:
154:
142:
122:
100:
90:
80:
68:
56:
47:
38:
2220:McFedries, Paul (2006).
1912:O'Regan, Gerard (2016).
1125:"Microsoft Does Windows"
853:on PCs, in this case, a
365:cooperative multitasking
297:graphical user interface
21:Not to be confused with
1731:Cowart, Robert (2005).
465:and its graphical OS/2
387:in their applications.
2918:
2898:Listen to this article
2176:Programming Windows 95
2088:. September 17, 2021.
1416:on November 17, 2012.
1412:. 2012. Archived from
1402:"A history of Windows"
851:human interface device
669:backward compatibility
644:dynamic-link libraries
568:supports the use of a
530:
289:
128:1.04 / April 1987
110:; 38 years ago
108:November 20, 1985
2970:Windows 1.01 emulator
2917:
2032:Das, Sudipto (2010).
730:Random Access Memory
566:operating environment
544:program known as the
537:, while it runs as a
528:
287:
220:operating environment
3814:History of Microsoft
2957:Demo of Windows 1.04
2949:More spoken articles
2842:on November 10, 2010
2460:on November 7, 2006.
2114:(November 7, 2005).
827:Nathaniel Borenstein
467:Presentation Manager
3819:History of software
3730:Microsoft PowerToys
3387:Embedded Automotive
1720:on August 14, 2005.
1706:"Obsolete Products"
1166:"Microsoft Windows"
1013:. Harper Business.
857:, running atop the
699:
690:System requirements
633:overlapping windows
479: (38 years ago)
280:Development history
149:Commercial software
35:
3686:Version comparison
3371:Embedded Compact 7
2919:
2573:The New York Times
2312:TIMS/ORSA Bulletin
1201:. pp. 80–83.
796:The New York Times
697:
531:
290:
193:personal computers
33:
3799:Microsoft Windows
3781:
3780:
3623:Removed features
3400:
3399:
3392:Embedded Industry
3328:MultiPoint Server
3311:
3310:
3006:Microsoft Windows
2915:
2643:978-1-135-00651-8
2285:The Old New Thing
2231:978-0-13-271536-2
2186:978-1-55615-676-2
2045:978-81-318-0550-3
2018:978-81-318-0225-0
1925:978-3-319-33138-6
1791:978-0-08-047925-5
1744:978-0-7897-3279-8
1682:. April 7, 1987.
1490:on April 16, 2022
1335:Hanson, Rowland.
1230:(March 9, 2010).
1105:. pp. 48–54.
1045:978-1-316-12322-5
1020:978-0-88730-629-7
782:
781:
736:320 KB of memory
733:256 KB of memory
653:memory management
329:Scott A. McGregor
317:IBM PC compatible
268:with very little
233:program known as
189:operating systems
182:Microsoft Windows
175:
174:
85:Microsoft Windows
41:Microsoft Windows
3831:
3771:
3770:
3761:
3760:
3753:List of versions
3751:
3750:
3347:
3346:
3253:Home Server 2011
3121:
3120:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2976:
2975:
2965:Ghostarchive.org
2939:
2937:
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2916:
2906:
2904:
2899:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2858:
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2849:
2847:
2838:. Archived from
2827:
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2452:(4.0 ed.).
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2112:Petzold, Charles
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1543:(May 26, 1987).
1541:Petzold, Charles
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809:Borland Sidekick
700:
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546:MS-DOS Executive
487:
485:
480:
473:Release versions
443:Digital Research
429:like MS-DOS and
419:desktop metaphor
363:. By supporting
235:MS-DOS Executive
138:
136:
131:
118:
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111:
61:
52:
43:operating system
36:
32:
30:Operating system
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3725:Microsoft Plus!
3659:Version history
3522:
3481:
3448:
3396:
3375:
3366:Embedded CE 6.0
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2930:This audio file
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2766:CBS Interactive
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2120:Charles Petzold
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1341:The HMC Company
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878:Stranger Things
790:
692:
648:Windows 1.0 SDK
523:
483:
481:
478:
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351:of RAM and two
282:
199:. It was first
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39:Version of the
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3419:Pocket PC 2002
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3414:Pocket PC 2000
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3406:Windows Mobile
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3248:Server 2008 R2
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2892:External links
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1274:. p. 33.
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1139:Menlo Park, CA
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657:user interface
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385:user interface
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184:, a family of
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166:Support status
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124:Latest release
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3794:1985 software
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2512:PC Magazine
2343:PC Magazine
2251:PC Magazine
1887:PC Magazine
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1617:"Windows 1"
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1451:How-To Geek
1282:October 25,
1271:PC Magazine
1103:McGraw-Hill
994:January 21,
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3553:Editions
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