208:. However, effects on exercise performance and respiratory parameters were mixed. And most of the articles were judged as "high concern due to the difficulty in blinding the participants and researchers to the intervention." The authors cautioned that "the quality of the studies is very low, meaning that all the results must be interpreted with caution. Additionally, the low sample size (15–48 individuals per study) and large proportion of males in the studies (86.4%) make the results non-generalizable to the public," and suggested that further research is needed.
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Four practitioners drowned in 2015 and 2016, and relatives suspected the breathing exercises were to blame. In 2021, a
Singaporean man drowned in a condominium pool when attempting the method. One person died after cold water therapy session in the UK in 2022. A $ 67 million lawsuit was filed against
282:
for farthest swim under ice on his second attempt, with a distance of 57.5 metres (188.6 feet). Hof's first attempt the day before failed when he began his swim without goggles and his corneas froze solid and blinded him. A rescue diver pulled him to the surface after he passed out. The record has
224:
have issued warnings about cold therapy, advising consulting with a physician before attempting, and noting that there is poor evidence supporting the practice. As of March 2024 there are 32 reports of people allegedly dying in relation to the Wim Hof Method. According to one expert, immersion in
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wearing nothing but shorts and shoes, but aborted the attempt due to a recurring foot injury. He managed to climb from base camp to about 6,700 metres (22,000 ft) wearing just shorts and sandals, but after that he wore boots, saying he needed to affix crampons at that point.
154:. He had a hard time psychologically with that incident and the freezing water was the only place he didn't think about it. Wim Hof’s first relevant experiences with the cold goes back to when he was 17: he felt a sudden urge to jump into the freezing cold water of the
245:
Wim Hof has claimed to have attained 26 world records, but he has held only three different records. The higher numbers that are reported can be attributed mainly to breaking the record ''Full-body contact with ice'' 15 times, often by beating his own previous record.
187:
in the
Himalayas under extreme cold weather. While Hof claims his method has beneficial effects on various conditions, there is little scientific basis for these claims. Wouter van Marken Lichtenbelt, a scientist who has studied Hof, said: " scientific vocabulary is
229:
in 1 to 3 percent of young healthy subjects, but up to 63 percent will suffer arryhthmia when asked to hold their breath before the plunge. “It’s an incredible way of reproducing cardiac arrhythmias in otherwise fit and healthy individuals,” he said.
178:
Hof markets a regimen called the Wim Hof Method (WHM), which involves willpower, exposure to cold water, and breathing techniques. Wim Hof's method seems to be inspired by thousands-year-old technique where the Indian Saints used to practice
125:
on ice and snow. He attributes these feats to his Wim Hof Method (WHM), a combination of frequent cold exposure, breathing techniques and meditation. Hof's method has been the subject of several scientific studies, with mixed results.
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Hof has set the world record for longest time in direct, full-body contact with ice, 44 minutes in
January 2010. Hof's record has been broken several times and as of 2023 it stands at 4 hours, 2 minutes.
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Innerfire and Wim Hof in 2022 that alleged 17-year-old
Madelyn Rose Metzger died after performing the Wim Hof Method in her pool in Long Beach, California. Wim Hof was acquitted in 2024.
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brother Andre has a similar tolerance for cold, despite living a different lifestyle, suggesting that much if not all of Hof's abilities are innate. A 2024
899:"Does the Wim Hof Method have a beneficial impact on physiological and psychological outcomes in healthy and non-healthy participants? A systematic review"
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in the garden of roses. She died by suicide in 1995 by jumping from an eight-story building. According to Hof, she was diagnosed with
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What Doesn't Kill Us: How
Freezing Water, Extreme Altitude and Environmental Conditioning Will Renew Our Lost Evolutionary Strength.
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142:, Netherlands. He was one of nine children. Hof met his first wife Marivelle-Maria, also called "Olaya Rosino Fernandez", in the
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Vosselman, Maarten J; Vijgen, Guy H E J; Kingma, Boris R M; Brans, Boudewijn; Lichtenbelt, Wouter D van Marken (11 July 2014).
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A number of documentary films have been produced on Hof's life and ability. In 2017, Vice magazine produced a documentary
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646:"Research on 'Iceman' Wim Hof suggests it may be possible to influence autonomic nervous system and immune response"
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840:"Frequent extreme cold exposure and brown fat and cold-induced thermogenesis: a study in a monozygotic twin"
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for swimming under ice and prolonged full-body contact with ice, and he holds a record for a barefoot
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192:. With conviction, he mixes in a non-sensical way scientific terms as irrefutable evidence." Wim's
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1228:"Iceman wins 26th world record as he runs up Mount Kilimanjaro in just 31 hours and 26 minutes"
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The fastest half-marathon run while barefoot on ice or snow is 2 hr 16 min 34 sec by Hof near
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162:. On 19 April 2011, the results of this study were broadcast on Dutch national television.
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1127:"Coroner cautions against practising Wim Hof breathing method underwater after man drowns"
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720:"'Can I get out now please?': Could Wim Hof help me unleash my body's inner power?"
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been broken several times since and now stands at 265 feet (81 m) as of 2022.
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966:"Cure or killer? The rewards – and very real risks – of the cold water plunge"
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Some experts say that practicing Wim Hof method is "Gambling with your life".
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1152:"Woman tragically dies after cold water therapy session favoured by celebs"
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1047:"Wim Hof started a cold water therapy trend. Our daughters died trying it"
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noted for his ability to withstand low temperatures. He previously held a
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In 2007, Hof climbed to an altitude of 7,400 metres (24,300 ft) on
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999:"You're not a polar bear: The plunge into cold water comes with risks"
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canal. The first relevant scientific investigation began in 2011 at
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1331:"Longest swim under ice - breath held (no fins, no diving suit)"
1178:""Iceman" Wim Hof cleared of causing death of American teenager"
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published a short film about their experiences with Hof, titled
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Wim Hof a.k.a. The Ice Man, Science
Breakthrough! 19 April 2011
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600:(podcast). Joe Rogan Experience. Vol. 712. Joe Rogan
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Becoming the Iceman : pushing past perceived limits
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Real Super-humans and the Quest for the Future
Fantastic
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Joe Rogan (interviewer) and Wim Hof (21 October 2015).
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Hof immersed in an ice bath on 24 March 2007, Rotterdam
788:
1382:
Science
Explains How the Iceman Resists Extreme Cold
1045:Southern, Katie Tarrant and Keiran (24 July 2024).
1025:"Public Wim Hof Method Deaths and Incident Reports"
428:
Koud kunstje : wat kun je leren van de iceman?
316:in 28 hours, an event later documented in the book
200:of eight studies found that the method may reduce
444:Carney, Scott and Wim Hof (introduction). (2017)
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897:Almahayni, Omar; Hammond, Lucy (13 March 2024).
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558:"Welcome to the Official Wim Hof Method Website"
531:Shea, Daisy-May Hudson and Matt (16 July 2015).
1101:['Iceman' exercise claims a new life].
1071:Tijmstra, Fannie; Bomers, Loes (10 June 2016).
789:van Marken Lichtenbelt, Wouter (11 July 2017).
1282:"Wim Hof: The Iceman | Guinness World Records"
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764:"Wim Hof, the Iceman | Science-Based Medicine"
739:"Indian guru covered in snow while meditating"
250:Fastest half-marathon barefoot on ice and snow
1507:"The Superhuman World of Wim Hof: The Iceman"
1431:"Longest duration full body contact with ice"
1359:(1st ed.). Mill City Press. p. 33.
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1533:"BECOMING SUPERHUMAN WITH ICE MAN - Wim Hof"
1303:"Fastest half marathon barefoot on ice/snow"
1257:"Let's talk about Wim Hof's "World Records""
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330:The Super Human World of Wim Hof: The Iceman
258:, Finland, on 26 January 2007. Done for the
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1075:['Iceman' under fire] (in Dutch).
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1406:"Dutchman Aims to Take Longest Ice Bath"
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390:Reaching the top is overcoming your fear
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308:In 2016, Hof reached Gilman's Point on
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1482:"What Doesn't Kill Us by Scott Carney"
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1099:"'Iceman'-oefening eist opnieuw leven"
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386:De top bereiken is je angst overwinnen
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426:Hof, Wim; Jong, Koen A.M. de (2015).
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134:Wim Hof was born on 20 April 1959 in
105:; born 20 April 1959), also known as
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1581:– Interview with Wim Hof by podcast
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619:Elliott, Bryan (23 November 2021).
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407:Hof, Wim; Rosales, Justin (2012).
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1626:21st-century Dutch businesspeople
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1404:Sunday, Alex (29 December 2010).
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16:Dutch extreme athlete (born 1959)
1631:Dutch male long-distance runners
964:Tapper, James (1 October 2023).
718:Wollaston, Sam (13 April 2022).
338:Becoming Superhuman with Ice Man
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1385:. Smithsonian Mag. January 2020
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1097:Duin, Roelf Jan (2 July 2016).
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621:"Behind the Brand with Wim Hof"
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332:. In 2020, the YouTube channel
1255:gekogekogeko (26 April 2023).
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278:On 16 March 2000, Hof set the
218:The American Heart Association
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1457:"Everest climber falls short"
807:10.1080/23328940.2017.1329001
737:Indian Monk practicing Yoga.
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392:] (in Dutch). Andromeda.
1023:Carney, Scott (March 2024).
924:10.1371/journal.pone.0286933
865:10.1371/journal.pone.0101653
369:] (in Dutch). Altamira.
7:
1636:Dutch male marathon runners
1203:""Gambling with your life""
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266:, this is the only current
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287:Full-body contact with ice
216:Concerning cold exposure,
204:, through the increase of
1455:Kathmandu (29 May 2007).
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1621:Breathwork practitioners
768:sciencebasedmedicine.org
456:. Penguin Random House.
296:Mountaineering in shorts
222:British Heart Foundation
483:Diaphragmatic breathing
225:cold water can produce
1486:PenguinRandomhouse.com
1435:Guinness World Records
1335:Guinness World Records
1307:Guinness World Records
582:Hof & Rosales 2012
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1594:YesTheory Documentary
1073:"'Iceman' onder vuur"
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280:Guinness World Record
212:Method-related deaths
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119:Guinness World Record
791:"Who is the Iceman?"
562:www.wimhofmethod.com
430:. Uitgeverij Water.
318:What Doesn't Kill Us
111:motivational speaker
82:motivational speaker
1646:People from Sittard
1357:Becoming the Iceman
1261:r/BecomingTheIceman
915:2024PLoSO..1986933A
856:2014PLoSO...9j1653V
411:. Mill City Press.
367:Climbing in silence
354:Becoming the Iceman
454:The Wim Hof Method
448:ISBN 9781635652413
357:
274:Swimming under ice
241:Records and stunts
227:cardiac arrhythmia
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160:Radboud University
1579:UnfoldingMaps.com
1355:Hof, Wim (2012).
1236:. 23 January 2015
1156:finance.yahoo.com
770:. 12 January 2021
452:Hof, Wim (2020).
384:Hof, Wim (2000).
363:Klimmen in stilte
361:Hof, Wim (1998).
310:Mount Kilimanjaro
260:Discovery Channel
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53:(age 65)
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