117:(WABI), a product to run Windows software on Unix, and the Public Windows Interface (PWI) initiative, an effort to standardize a subset of the popular 16-bit Windows APIs. The PWI consortium's aims were stated as turning the proprietary Windows API into an "open, publicly available specification" and for the evolution of this specification to be the responsibility of "a neutral body". The consortium, counting Sun, IBM, Hewlett Packard and Novell among its members, proposed PWI to various companies and organizations including
637:
36:
201:
Again, Microsoft claimed intellectual property over
Windows APIs and ISO put the standard on hold pending proof of their claims. The delay lasted until November 1997, when, hearing no response from Microsoft, ISO announced they were pushing through with the standard. However, there is no record of it
105:
was the top-selling software. The various graphical
Windows applications had already started to reduce training time and enhance productivity on personal computers. At the same time, various Unix and Unix-based operating systems dominated technical workstations and departmental servers. The idea of a
192:
was released). Willows vowed to complete a full draft specification by the end of the year. In
October, the draft specification was completed under the name Application Programming Interface for Windows (APIW). This was accepted as ECMA-234 in December and was put on the fast-track program to become
93:. It is the successor to previously proposed Public Windows Interface standard. It was created in an attempt to establish a vendor-neutral, platform-independent, open standard of the 16-bit Windows API not controlled by Microsoft.
161:(ECMA). In September, now part of an ECMA delegation, they made an informational presentation about the project at the ISO SC22 plenary meeting in The Hague, Netherlands. Their goal was to make it an
165:
standard in order to force
Microsoft to comply with it (in Windows) or risk not being able sell to European or Asian governments who can only buy ISO standards-compliant products.
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181:
57:
134:
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157:—who rejected it in March, after being threatened by Microsoft's assertion of intellectual property rights (IPR) over the Windows APIs—and the
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as part of a program where
Microsoft licensed their Windows source code to select third parties, which in the following year became known as
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consistent application environment across heterogeneous environments was compelling to both enterprise customers and software developers.
905:
575:
44:
475:
497:"HUNTER'S PERSONAL COMPUTER APPLICATIONS UNDER UNIX TECHNOLOGY RE-EMERGES AT MULTIPORT". Computer Business Review. July 8, 1993.
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138:
114:
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783:
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350:"X/OPEN NOT TO TAKE MANAGEMENT OF THE PUBLIC WINDOWS INITIATIVE". Computer Business Review. March 30, 1994.
17:
900:
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180:-funded company, that had been working on Windows to Unix technologies (inherited from then defunct
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443:"CORSAIR EFFORT TO BECOME INTERNET OPERATING SYSTEM". Computer Business Review. March 17, 1995.
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284:"SunFLASH Vol 53: Sun Introduces Wabi - Allows MS-Windows Apps To Run Under UNIX"
173:
153:
In
February 1994, the PWI Specification Committee sent a draft specification to
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ECMA group. This group became
Technical Committee 37 in August (about the time
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812:
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762:
177:
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542:
403:
386:
333:
Bob
Metcalfe (June 7, 1993). "Is OS cross-dressing too good to be true?".
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529:
Carl
Cargill (December 1997). "Section 2. Sun and Standardization Wars".
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142:
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428:
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318:
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Cheryl Gerber (May 10, 1993). "Sun unveils
Windows for RISC plans".
145:, a version of Windows designed to run on workstations and servers.
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387:"Applications Programming Interface for Windows: A Timely Standard"
426:
Martin LanMonica (December 18, 1995). "Group back Windows spec".
35:
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241: – Linux distribution of the late 1990s and early 2000s
232: – Linux distribution of the late 1990s and early 2000s
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Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
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Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
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Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
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Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
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141:(WISE). Later that month, Microsoft also announced
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85:) Standard is a specification of the Microsoft
301:Lawrence, Nick (May 1994). "Opening Windows".
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79:Application Programming Interface for Windows
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332:
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159:European Computer Manufacturers' Association
129:. The previous day, Microsoft had announced
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478:[Corsair Desktop Linux kernel].
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202:ever being approved as an ISO standard.
60:of all important aspects of the article.
27:Proposed software compatibility standard
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133:, a Windows to Unix product created by
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56:Please consider expanding the lead to
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139:Windows Interface Source Environment
115:Windows Application Binary Interface
29:
148:
24:
906:Application programming interfaces
432:. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.: 16.
339:. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.: 52.
25:
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322:. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.: 8.
223: – American software company
214: – American software company
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476:"Corsair Desktop mit Linux-Kern"
34:
490:
482:. June 30, 1995. Archived from
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221:Willows RT for Embedded Systems
184:) since early 1993, joined the
176:) a Saratoga, California-based
48:may be too short to adequately
617:Common Language Infrastructure
436:
419:
343:
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58:provide an accessible overview
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1:
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10:
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747:Holographic Versatile Disc
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847:
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652:Advanced Intelligent Tape
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633:
599:
385:Rob Farnum (June 1996).
212:Willows Toolkit for UNIX
303:Personal Computer World
239:Caldera Network Desktop
871:List of Ecma standards
600:Application interfaces
170:Willows Software, Inc.
827:Radio link interfaces
772:Programming languages
737:Ultra Density Optical
543:10.1145/274348.274350
404:10.1145/234999.235003
288:SunFlash (Newsletter)
742:Universal Media Disc
182:Hunter Systems, Inc.
101:By the end of 1990,
687:File systems (disk)
645:File systems (tape)
263:"Standard ECMA-234"
901:Windows components
593:Ecma International
486:on March 23, 2012.
270:Ecma International
135:Insignia Solutions
127:Unix International
878:
877:
510:Missing or empty
456:Missing or empty
363:Missing or empty
193:an ISO standard.
149:ECMA involvement
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16:(Redirected from
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873:(1961 – present)
672:Linear Tape-Open
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607:ANSI escape code
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272:. December 1995.
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111:Sun Microsystems
109:On May 5, 1993,
91:Willows Software
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168:In April 1995,
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43:This article's
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537:(4): 133–135.
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305:. p. 260.
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230:Novell Corsair
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52:the key points
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813:Minimal BASIC
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591:Standards of
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480:Computerwoche
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763:Universal 3D
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531:StandardView
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484:the original
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391:StandardView
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45:lead section
18:Willows TWIN
674:(Ultrium-1)
290:. May 1993.
103:Windows 3.0
87:Windows 3.1
885:Categories
818:Full BASIC
802:ECMAScript
794:JavaScript
512:|url=
458:|url=
365:|url=
249:References
190:Windows 95
172:(formerly
143:Windows NT
113:announced
667:Super DLT
429:InfoWorld
336:InfoWorld
319:InfoWorld
197:ISO delay
97:Creation
50:summarize
756:Graphics
551:35428635
503:cite web
449:cite web
356:cite web
206:See also
66:May 2024
855:ECMA-35
779:C++/CLI
627:OpenXPS
789:Eiffel
720:FAT16B
701:(CDFS)
694:CD-ROM
549:
413:776348
411:
186:ad hoc
178:Canopy
155:X/Open
131:SoftPC
119:X/Open
848:Other
715:FAT16
710:FAT12
547:S2CID
409:S2CID
266:(PDF)
860:JSON
808:Dart
612:APIW
516:help
462:help
369:help
125:and
123:IEEE
83:APIW
77:The
839:UWB
834:NFC
798:E4X
732:UDF
705:FAT
678:VXA
662:DLT
657:DDS
539:doi
399:doi
163:ISO
887::
800:,
784:C#
727:FD
545:.
533:.
507::
505:}}
501:{{
453::
451:}}
447:{{
407:.
393:.
389:.
377:^
360::
358:}}
354:{{
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81:(
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64:(
54:.
20:)
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