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620:. During his occupation of the building in 1778, Gen. Smallwood used the building as a hospital. Some of the soldiers who died in the building were buried in the graveyard directly outside. Smallwood frequented the "Cross Keys Inn" (built in 1774), at the time a several-room inn and bar. This building stands as a private residence at the intersection of Calvert Road and Cross Keys Road directly down the hill. His restored plantation home, Smallwood's Retreat, and burial site is located in
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949:… Smallwood arrived later in the battle and provided covering fire for the retreating American soldiers with two cannons and some reinforcements… and subsequently faced a deadly British onslaught. The Marylanders led several charges against the British, holding them at bay for a crucial period of time that saved Washington's army… On October 28, 1776… in the
326:(c.1715–1784). He had six siblings: Lucy Heaberd Smallwood (c. 1734-1768, married John Truman Stoddert), Elizabeth Smallwood (born c. 1736, married James Leiper), Margaret Smallwood (born c. 1738, married Walter Truman Stoddert), Heaberd Smallwood (c. 1740–1780), Eleanor Smallwood (born c. 1743 married
563:
as
Governor of Maryland. He qualified on November 26, 1785, and served the customary three terms, retiring from his gubernatorial office on November 24, 1788. Smallwood had the misfortune of serving as governor during one of the most difficult periods in the history of the nation. Not only were the
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against a vastly superior force of
British and Hessian troops while suffering massive casualties, roughly 70 percent of whom were killed in action. Shortly thereafter, Smallwood led what remained of his regiment to fight "alongside soldiers from Connecticut, Delaware, and New York" in the
345:. His great-grandfather was James Smallwood, who immigrated in 1664 and became a member of the Maryland Assembly in 1692. James' son Bayne (1685–1709) followed him later in the Assembly. Bayne (1711–1775) and his sister Hester were the great-great-grandchildren of Maryland Governor
953:, Smallwood's soldiers once again saved Washington's army… Positioned on Chatterton's Hill, the Marylanders charged British soldiers, pushing them back briefly. A series of British counterattacks forced the Marylanders to retreat, but prevented the destruction of the entire
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proving inoperable, but the country also found itself in the midst of an economic depression. In spite of the country's unsettled affairs, Smallwood was responsible for several major accomplishments, including convening the state's convention that ratified the
512:; his brigade was among the formations that held their ground, garnering Smallwood a promotion to major general. Smallwood's accounts of the battle and criticisms of Gates' behavior before and during the battle may have contributed to the
987:
Sally Wister, ‘‘Sally Wister's
Journal: A True Narrative: Being a Quaker Maiden's Account of Her Experiences with Officers of the Continental Army, 1777–1779’’. Applewood Books, Bedford, Massachusetts, 1994. Entry for October 19,
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of
Virginia. William Truman Stoddert, Smallwood's nephew, was orphaned at age nine and raised by his maternal grandfather, Bayne Smallwood. Stoddert also served in the
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promoted
Smallwood to brigadier general. Washington bestowed on the regiment a future state nickname, "Old Line State", in reference to the extreme sacrifice of the
1930:
961:
suffered greatly in the battle. Smallwood himself received two 'slight' wounds during the orderly retreat, receiving one in his wrist and another in his hip.
904:, effectively holding back the British advance. Later, Washington described their efforts as an 'hour more precious to American liberty than any other.'
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and urged the
Necessity of attending Troops,' Washington 'refused to discharge' them… Smallwood was therefore absent during the early portions of the
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1915:
330:) and Priscilla Heaberd Smallwood (c. 1750–1815, married John Courts in 1794). His sister Eleanor and brother Heaberd served with him later in the
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When he died in 1792, his estate, known as
Mattawoman, including his home the Retreat, passed to his sister Eleanor who married Colonel
1950:
1935:
1487:
771:
Historical
Society of Charles County Genealogical Files, Southern Maryland Studies Center, College of Southern Maryland, La Plata, MD
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from annihilation in the first major battle of the war. 'Good God, what brave fellows I must this day lose,' Washington remarked to
485:, to prevent occupation of Wilmington by the British and to protect the flour mills on the Brandywine. He continued to serve under
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616:" at the intersections of Calvert Road and Brick Meetinghouse Road (near the intersection of 272 and 273) about 6 miles east of
1945:
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520:. Smallwood briefly commanded the militia forces of North Carolina in late 1780 and early 1781 before returning to
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inquiries into the debacle. Opposed to the hiring and promotion of foreigners, Smallwood objected to working under
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687:(DAR), established in 1907, is called the General William Smallwood Chapter in honor of Smallwood.
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on August 27, 1776, when the
Maryland Regiment heroically covered the hasty retreat of the routed
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in 1783 and later that year was elected to serve as the first president of the newly established
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Maryland
Genealogies: A Consolidation of Articles from the Maryland Historical Magazine, Vol II
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Account of Smallwood's Revolutionary War Campaign and Governorship from J.D. Warfield (1905).
975:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Continental Army Encampment Site"
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Smallwood was born in 1732 to planter Bayne Smallwood (1711–1768) and Priscilla Heaberd or
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bestowed his high esteem upon the Maryland Line after viewing their heroic stand at the
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command in a surprise attack. The Marylanders retreated, fighting their way toward the
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923:. Biographical Series. Annapolis, Maryland: Maryland State Archives. December 20, 2002
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On December 21, 1777, Smallwood commanded 1,500 Delaware and Maryland troops at the
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The history of Charles County, Maryland: written in its tercentenary year of 1958
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in 1784, but before he could take his seat, the Legislature chose him to succeed
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on August 27, 1776. British soldiers outflanked the American soldiers under
748:. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc. 1980. p. 354.
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reveals that he held 56 slaves and a yearly tobacco crop of 3000 pounds.
470:, when he was twice wounded but "prevented the destruction of the entire
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803:, Derounian-Stodola, K.Z., ed., Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press (1987)
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trace their roots back to General William Smallwood, located at the
1092:"National Register of Historic Places: East Nottingham Meetinghouse"
573:, despite strong opposition to the proposed document in the State.
524:, staying there for the remainder of the war. He resigned from the
521:
870:. Archives of Maryland Online. Annapolis: Maryland State Archives
338:
633:
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LaPlata, MD, Charles County Tercentenary, Inc., p. 89 (1958).
1078:"Revolutionary War Pension Application of William Beckwith"
864:"Holding the Line: The Origin of the 'the Old Line State'"
357:. A first cousin of James and Milledge Bonham was Senator
290:(1732 – February 14, 1792) was an American
767:
765:
628:. Smallwood Church Road leads from the State Park toward
426:, depicts Smallwood (the third person behind Washington).
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The Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard County Maryland
639:
Several paintings exist of Smallwood. One hangs in the
762:
1011:
Original Members and Other Officers Eligible to the
845:"General George Washington Resigning His Commission"
705:. The road running from Fort Smallwood Park through
1163:
Biographic notes at Maryland's Smallwood State Park
1058:, Small, Maynard and Company, Boston, p. 13 (1921).
801:
The journal and occasional writings of Sarah Wister
900:as he witnessed the Marylanders repeatedly charge
666:The William Smallwood Collection is housed at the
415:General George Washington Resigning His Commission
1882:
1017:Strasburg, VA: Shenandoah Publishing House, Inc.
493:, where his regiment again distinguished itself
434:began, Smallwood was appointed a colonel of the
1931:People of Maryland in the French and Indian War
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596:and was admitted as an original member of the
78:November 26, 1785 – November 24, 1788
1270:
612:, note that General Smallwood occupied the "
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1035:
834:, Doubleday, Garden City, NJ, p.106 (1920).
732:"Inventory of Maryland Monuments by County"
317:
1277:
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1122:. Maryland Center for History and Culture.
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364:Smallwood served as an officer during the
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376:colonial-era provincial assembly for the
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1916:Continental Army officers from Maryland
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668:Maryland Center for History and Culture
1883:
1237:President of the Maryland State Senate
787:, Kohn And Pollock, p. 237 ff. (1905).
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1258:
1136:. Anne Arundel County. Archived from
998:The Society of the Cincinnati webpage
812:Maryland Genealogies, pp. 325 and 326
790:
401:to Smallwood asking for an update on
146:
1926:People from Charles County, Maryland
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861:
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685:Daughters of the American Revolution
655:resigning his commission inside the
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438:in 1776. He led the regiment in the
368:, the North American theater of the
690:General Smallwood Middle School in
13:
1911:American people of English descent
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837:
504:In 1780, he was a part of General
14:
1962:
1951:18th-century Maryland politicians
1936:Presidents of the Maryland Senate
1187:The American Revolution Institute
1156:
1108:. Maryland State Archives Online.
19:For the Canadian politician, see
1177:University of Maryland Libraries
880:According to popular tradition,
510:routed at Camden, South Carolina
479:Continental Army Encampment Site
440:New York and New Jersey campaign
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973:Joan M. Norton (January 1972).
917:"William Smallwood (1732-1792)"
1120:"William Smallwood Collection"
933:Although Smallwood 'waited on
892:, the Maryland Line saved the
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815:
806:
724:
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422:that now is on display in the
294:, soldier and politician from
1:
1946:People from colonial Maryland
1871:indicate acting officeholders
1182:The Society of the Cincinnati
717:
713:is named Fort Smallwood Road.
699:Anne Arundel County, Maryland
663:Rotunda, features Smallwood.
614:East Nottingham Friends House
581:Smallwood never married. The
424:United States Capitol rotunda
372:, and was elected to the pre-
337:His parents sent the boys to
263:North Carolina Militia (1780)
45:
1106:"William Smallwood Portrait"
1094:. Maryland Historical Trust.
1041:Klapthor, M., and P. Brown,
659:in 1783, which hangs in the
7:
1029:, accessed January 29, 2021
1000:, accessed January 27, 2021
821:Maryland Genealogies, p 332
544:Gravestone of Smallwood at
310:when the state adopted the
308:fourth Governor of Maryland
10:
1967:
608:Local historical signs in
571:United States Constitution
432:American Revolutionary War
332:American Revolutionary War
312:United States Constitution
300:American Revolutionary War
276:American Revolutionary War
18:
1906:Continental Army generals
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1013:Society of the Cincinnati
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598:Society of the Cincinnati
583:1790 United States census
566:Articles of Confederation
555:Smallwood was elected to
530:Society of the Cincinnati
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341:, for their education at
306:. He was serving as the
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44:A portrait of Smallwood,
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30:
1056:The Life of James Monroe
849:Architect of the Capitol
461:to hold the line at the
397:A July 1782 letter from
318:Early life and education
302:, rising to the rank of
296:Charles County, Maryland
186:Kingdom of Great Britain
1009:Metcalf, Bryce (1938).
1509:
1305:
1173:Stoddert Family papers
951:Battle of White Plains
552:
468:Battle of White Plains
445:For their role in the
427:
418:, an 1824 portrait by
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228:North Carolina Militia
1921:Governors of Maryland
1901:American slave owners
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1458:C. Calvert, 5th Baron
1443:C. Calvert, 5th Baron
1353:C. Calvert, 3rd Baron
1338:C. Calvert, 3rd Baron
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1286:Governors of Maryland
1134:"Fort Smallwood Park"
959:1st Maryland Regiment
943:Major Mordecai Gist's
886:Battle of Long Island
692:Indian Head, Maryland
543:
491:Philadelphia campaign
436:1st Maryland Regiment
412:
396:
366:French and Indian War
272:French and Indian War
260:1st Maryland Regiment
233:Years of service
1210:Governor of Maryland
1027:Archives of Maryland
657:Maryland State House
645:Maryland State House
622:Smallwood State Park
618:Rising Sun, Maryland
481:on the east side of
378:Province of Maryland
355:Milledge Luke Bonham
298:. He served in the
163:Smallwood State Park
133:Province of Maryland
66:Governor of Maryland
21:William R. Smallwood
1941:Burials in Maryland
862:Polk, Ryan (2005).
703:Fort Smallwood Park
649:Annapolis, Maryland
546:Smallwood's Retreat
389:American Revolution
351:James Butler Bonham
236:1754-1763 (Britain)
16:American politician
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1195:Political offices
939:Battle of Brooklyn
707:Pasadena, Maryland
651:. The portrait of
641:Old Senate Chamber
553:
447:Battle of Brooklyn
428:
407:
1878:
1877:
1296:(1632–1776)
1253:
1252:
1244:Succeeded by
1217:Succeeded by
694:is named for him.
653:George Washington
632:, where he was a
630:Old Durham Church
626:Marbury, Maryland
610:Calvert, Maryland
550:Marbury, Maryland
536:Maryland governor
518:Baron von Steuben
487:George Washington
455:George Washington
405:troop recruitment
399:George Washington
288:William Smallwood
285:
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214:Provincial Troops
152:Marbury, Maryland
149:(aged 59–60)
147:February 14, 1792
32:William Smallwood
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1140:on March 4, 2014
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514:Congressional
511:
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495:at Germantown
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344:
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309:
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304:major general
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41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
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1818:
1546:
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1500:(since 1776)
1235:
1208:
1203:William Paca
1142:. Retrieved
1138:the original
1128:
1114:
1100:
1086:
1072:
1063:
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1042:
1022:
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920:
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867:
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745:
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726:
665:
638:
607:
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561:William Paca
554:
503:
499:Sally Wister
476:
459:Maryland 400
444:
429:
413:
363:
336:
323:
321:
287:
286:
268:Battles/wars
96:Succeeded by
89:William Paca
73:
49: 1780s
25:
1896:1792 deaths
1891:1732 births
1294:Provincial
1247:George Dent
1214:1785 –1788
890:Long Island
577:Later years
84:Preceded by
1885:Categories
1836:Glendening
1774:Harrington
1719:J. Carroll
1634:T. Carroll
1393:Greenberry
1358:B. Calvert
1333:P. Calvert
1313:L. Calvert
935:Washington
882:Washington
718:References
661:US Capitol
453:, General
374:Revolution
246:Lieutenant
174:Allegiance
1674:P. Thomas
1664:F. Thomas
1649:J. Thomas
1644:G. Howard
1537:J. Howard
1532:Smallwood
1408:Nicholson
1144:March 20,
711:Baltimore
709:and into
681:Baltimore
634:vestryman
430:When the
74:In office
1846:O'Malley
1831:Schaefer
1799:McKeldin
1764:Crothers
1759:Warfield
1734:H. Lloyd
1724:Hamilton
1704:O. Bowie
1694:Bradford
1594:R. Bowie
1589:E. Lloyd
1579:R. Bowie
1403:Lawrence
1383:Lawrence
557:Congress
522:Maryland
324:Heabeard
256:Commands
64:4th
1869:Italics
1841:Ehrlich
1789:O'Conor
1779:Ritchie
1749:Lowndes
1739:Jackson
1619:Stevens
1604:Ridgely
1517:Johnson
1423:Seymour
1343:Wharton
1328:Fendall
643:in the
489:in the
339:England
292:planter
121: (
1826:Hughes
1820:B. Lee
1814:Mandel
1729:McLane
1714:Groome
1659:Grason
1654:Veazey
1639:Martin
1629:Martin
1614:Sprigg
1599:Winder
1584:Wright
1574:Mercer
1554:T. Lee
1542:Plater
1522:T. Lee
1498:State
1483:Sharpe
1478:Tasker
1468:Bladen
1438:Brooke
1398:Andros
1388:Andros
1378:Copley
1363:Joseph
1348:Notley
1318:Greene
957:. The
752:
674:Honors
604:Legacy
384:Career
183:
154:, U.S.
1856:Moore
1851:Hogan
1809:Agnew
1804:Tawes
1754:Smith
1744:Brown
1709:Whyte
1699:Swann
1689:Hicks
1684:Ligon
1669:Pratt
1564:Henry
1559:Stone
1548:Brice
1428:Lloyd
1418:Tench
1368:Coode
1323:Stone
1241:1791
988:1777.
548:near
51:, by
1794:Lane
1784:Nice
1679:Lowe
1624:Kent
1569:Ogle
1527:Paca
1488:Eden
1473:Ogle
1463:Ogle
1453:Ogle
1433:Hart
1146:2014
929:2022
876:2022
750:ISBN
679:The
353:and
343:Eton
251:(US)
243:Rank
143:Died
123:1732
119:1732
116:Born
697:In
647:in
624:in
474:".
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125:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
