188:
1698:
551:
170:
645:). He issued a proclamation to the "inhabitants of Canada" indicating that he wanted to free them from the "tyranny" of Great Britain and to give them the liberty, security, and wealth which his own country was experiencing—unless they preferred "war, slavery and destruction". It soon became apparent that he would encounter great resistance, however, and he withdrew to the American side of the river on August 7 after receiving news of a Shawnee ambush on Major
307:
226:
40:
662:
594:, where they were joined by the 300-man 4th Infantry Regiment. The men of the militia were ill-equipped and little trained, averse to strong military discipline. Hull relied on the infantry regiment to quell several instances of insubordination on the remainder of the march. By the end of June, the army had reached the
444:
and tried to dissuade him from the dangerous spy mission that ultimately cost him his life. Hull was largely responsible for publicizing the last words attributed to Hale, "I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country." At the conclusion of the war, Hull was admitted as an original
691:
The force at my disposal authorizes me to require of you the immediate surrender of Fort
Detroit. It is far from my intention to join in a war of extermination, but you must be aware, that the numerous body of Indians who have attached themselves to my troops, will be beyond control the moment the
683:
on August 16, 1812, because Brock had tricked him into thinking that he was vastly outnumbered by his foes. The force included 600 Indian warriors and 1,300 soldiers, as well as two warships, according to Brock's report. Hull had 2,500 soldiers under his command. The number of troops under Hull's
605:
The United States declared war on
Britain on June 18, 1812, and that same day Secretary Eustis sent two letters to General Hull. He sent one of them by special messenger which arrived on June 24—but it did not mention the declaration of war. The second one did announce the declaration of war, but
538:
was selected to lead the force instead. Kingsbury fell ill before taking command, however, and the offer was repeated to Hull, who accepted. His orders were to go to Ohio, whose governor had been charged by
Madison with raising a 1,200-man militia that would be augmented by the
1430:
The history of the
Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company [rev. and enl.] from its formation in 1637 and charter in 1638, to the present time; comprising the biographies of the distinguished civil, literary, religious, and military men of the colony, province, and
649:'s 200 men who had been sent to support the American supply convoy; half of the troops were killed. Hull had also faced a lack of support from his officers and fear among the troops of a possible massacre by Indian forces. A group of 600 troops led by Lieutenant Colonel
744:
visited him and declared, "We both have suffered contumely and reproach; but our characters are vindicated; let us forgive our enemies and die in
Christian love and peace with all mankind." Hull died at home in Newton several months later, on November 29, 1825.
696:
Hull believed that the surrender was a valid step because he was lacking adequate gunpowder and cannonballs to withstand a long siege. The move also saved his 2,500 soldiers and 700 civilians from "the horrors of an Indian massacre", as he later wrote.
501:
tribes, which ceded most of
Southeast Michigan and northwestern Ohio to the United States, to the mouth of the Maumee River where Toledo developed. These efforts to expand American settlement began to generate opposition, particularly from
606:
Eustis sent it via the postal service and it did not arrive until July 2. As a result, Hull was still unaware that his army was at war when he reached the rapids of the Maumee. Taking advantage of the waterway, he sent the schooner
772:
517:
By
February 1812, Congress was making plans for war with Great Britain, including an invasion of Canada, while the British were busy recruiting Indian tribes in the Michigan and Canada area. Hull was in
736:, published in 1824 and both attempting to clear his name. Some later historians have agreed that he was unfairly made a scapegoat for the embarrassing loss of Detroit. The publication of his
712:, the future governor of Ohio and territorial governor of Iowa, gave evidence against him. Hull was convicted of cowardice and neglect of duty and was sentenced to be shot. However, President
614:
had received the declaration of war two days earlier, and he captured the ship as it sailed past. Thus, he gained all of Hull's military papers and plans for an attack on Fort
Amherstburg.
2053:
622:
Hull was partly the victim of his government's poor preparation for war and poor communication. He had repeatedly urged his superiors while he was governor to build a naval fleet on
2078:
875:
2073:
1019:
1988:
454:
752:
at age 27. His remains were buried in the
Drummond Hill Cemetery in Niagara Falls, Ontario, the only American officer to be buried there. Hull was also uncle to
2028:
2058:
2033:
1533:
1639:
2038:
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to form the core of the army. From there, he was to march the army to
Detroit where he was also to continue managing as Territorial Governor.
2013:
2018:
1145:
1377:
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2003:
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393:(1775-1783), Hull joined a local militia and was quickly promoted to captain, then through the ranks to lieutenant colonel in the
2043:
1757:
741:
740:
in 1824 changed public opinion somewhat in his favor, and he was honored with a dinner in Boston on May 30, 1825. That June, the
716:
commuted the sentence to merely dismissing him from the Army in recognition of his heroic service during the Revolutionary War.
1016:
2008:
1599:
1412:
1328:
587:
540:
531:
333:
239:
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2048:
1762:
1404:
Documentary Life of Nathan Hale: Comprising All Available Official and Private Documents Bearing on the Life of the Patriot
1993:
1632:
1366:
1276:
610:
ahead of the army to Detroit with a number of invalids, supplies, and official documents; but the British commander at
449:
in the state of Massachusetts when it was established in 1783. After the war, he moved to his wife's family estate in
1482:
1293:
1210:
229:
1171:
863:, 1783–1938: With the Institution, Rules of Admission, and Lists of the Officers of the General and State Societies
583:
352:. After the siege, he was court-martialed, convicted, and sentenced to death, but received a pardon from President
1565:
641:
Hull began an invasion of Canada on July 12, 1812, crossing the Detroit River east of Sandwich (the area around
1998:
1625:
1155:
169:
1648:
1393:
756:, son of his brother Joseph. Joseph died while Isaac was young, so Hull adopted the boy. Isaac commanded the
20:
1822:
1382:, The Connecticut Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, archived from the original on 2007-01-24
1147:
Michigan's Early Military Forces: A Roster and History of Troops Activated Prior to the American Civil War
653:
remained in Canada, attempting to supply the American position in the Sandwich area, with little success.
481:, so Hull worked to gradually purchase Indian land for occupation by American settlers. He negotiated the
1494:
Report of the Trial of Brig. General William Hull, Commanding the North-Western Army of the United States
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324:(June 24, 1753 – November 29, 1825) was an American military officer and politician. He fought in the
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477:. All of the territory was in the hands of the Indians except for two enclaves around Detroit and
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https://www.citywindsor.ca/residents/historyofwindsor/history-of-sandwich/Pages/default.aspx
1983:
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846:, Original, Hereditary and Honorary; With a Brief Account of the Society's History and Aims
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Memoirs of the Campaign of the North Western Army of the United States, A.D. 1812
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List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States
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369:
126:
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Defence of Brigadier General W. Hull: Delivered Before the General Court Martial
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Memoirs of the Campaign of the Northwestern Army of the United States: A.D. 1812
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The War of 1812: A Complete Chronology with Biographies of 63 General Officers
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Hull was later court-martialed and convicted of cowardice and neglect of duty.
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His son Abraham was an Army captain during the War of 1812 and died at the
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and served as a judge and state senator. He was elected captain of the
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913:"Treaty Between the Ottawa, Chippewa, Wyandot, and Potawatomi Indians"
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In 1814, Hull was court martialed at a trial presided over by General
623:
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The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B.
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The American Revolution Institute of the Society of the Cincinnati
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William Hull personally surrendering Fort Detroit to Isaac Brock.
503:
340:. Hull is most widely remembered, however, as the general in the
225:
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wished to appoint him a Brigadier General in command of the new
1449:
Appletons' Cyclopaedia of American Biography: Grinnell-Lockwood
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command was estimated at between 750 and 1060 by his grandson.
39:
1126:(2nd ed.). London: Simpkin, Marshall, and Co. p. 246
1506:(Google Books version contains both this document and Hull's
1474:
Revolutionary Services and Civil Life of General William Hull
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Revolutionary Services and Civil Life of General William Hull
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on May 25. The militia comprised three regiments who elected
486:
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as the special judge advocate in charge of the prosecution.
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from 1805 to 1813, gaining large land cessions from several
2054:
Prisoners sentenced to death by the United States military
984:
971:
958:
932:
865:
Strasburg, VA: Shenandoah Publishing House, Inc., p. 171.
1535:
The Fight for a Free Sea: A Chronicle of the War of 1812
1452:, vol. 3, New York: D. Appleton, pp. 308–309,
1211:"How U.S. Forces Failed to Conquer Canada 200 Years Ago"
455:
Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts
2079:
War of 1812 prisoners of war held by the United Kingdom
876:"Officers Represented in the Society of the Cincinnati"
1100:
2074:
United States Army personnel who were court-martialed
1299:
Publications of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts
460:
859:
Original Members and Other Officers Eligible to the
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on May 10, 1812, and took command of the militia at
469:appointed Hull as Governor of the recently created
795:
1970:
1510:; the report of the trial begins at p. 240)
1241:
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1068:
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348:to the British on August 16, 1812 following the
1989:United States Army personnel of the War of 1812
730:Detroit: Defence of Brig. Gen. Wm. Hull in 1814
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586:as their commanding Colonels. They marched to
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1302:, vol. X, The Society, pp. 364–369
2059:Recipients of American presidential pardons
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1265:Campbell, Maria; Clarke, James F. (1848),
997:
429:. He was recognized by commanding General
68:March 22, 1805 – October 29, 1813
38:
1647:
1434:, Boston: J.H. Eastburn, pp. 348–349
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19:For other people named William Hull, see
2034:Michigan politicians convicted of crimes
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724:Hull lived the remainder of his life in
687:Brock sent Hull a demand for surrender:
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16:American military officer and politician
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1144:Rosentreter, Roger (February 1, 2003).
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356:and his reputation somewhat recovered.
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1249:Colonial Society of Massachusetts 1907
1236:Colonial Society of Massachusetts 1907
1174:. Canadian Encyclopedia. March 1, 2016
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368:, on June 24, 1753. He graduated from
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1120:Tupper, Ferdinand Brock, ed. (1847).
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728:with his wife Sarah Fuller. He wrote
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2014:Military personnel from Connecticut
1477:, New York: D. Appleton & Co.,
1358:Tecumseh and Brock: The War of 1812
1310:Fort Amherstburg in the War of 1812
561:
389:At the outbreak of fighting in the
13:
2019:American people of English descent
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1209:Greenspan, Jesse (July 12, 2012).
905:
638:, the commander of the northeast.
461:Michigan Territory and War of 1812
14:
2095:
1294:Colonial Society of Massachusetts
1172:"Capture of Detroit, War of 1812"
1150:. Great Lakes Books. p. 74.
783:The American Revolution Institute
2084:People from colonial Connecticut
2064:Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery
2004:Massachusetts state court judges
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1566:Territorial Governor of Michigan
840:Thomas, William Sturgis (1929).
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328:and served as governor of the
1:
1520:, Boston: Wells & Lilly,
1471:Campbell, Maria Hull (1847),
1427:Whitman, Zachariah G (1842),
1343:, Boston: True & Greene,
848:New York: T.A. Wright, p. 82.
788:
778:The Society of the Cincinnati
465:On March 22, 1805, President
21:William Hull (disambiguation)
2009:Massachusetts state senators
1497:, New York: Eastburn, Kirk,
626:in order to defend Detroit,
526:informed him that President
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2069:United States Army generals
2049:People charged with treason
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763:during the War of 1812.
704:, with future president
522:, when Secretary of War
372:in 1772, studied law in
360:Early life and education
857:Metcalf, Bryce (1938).
803:Wilson & Fiske 1898
374:Litchfield, Connecticut
44:William Hull circa 1800
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1337:Hull, William (1824),
1317:Hannings, Bud (2012),
750:Battle of Lundy's Lane
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336:tribes under the 1807
1999:Writers from Michigan
1649:Governors of Michigan
1600:Army of the Northwest
1355:Laxer, James (2012).
1026:, History of Sandwich
918:World Digital Library
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213:Years of service
143:Newton, Massachusetts
1307:Garcia, Bob (1999),
742:Marquis de Lafayette
720:Later life and death
657:Surrender of Detroit
54:1st Governor of
1440:Wilson, James Grant
1379:Captain Nathan Hale
921:. November 17, 1807
1550:Political offices
1022:2020-09-26 at the
692:contest commences.
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618:Invasion of Canada
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545:Vincennes, Indiana
471:Michigan Territory
366:Derby, Connecticut
330:Michigan Territory
207:United States Army
123:Connecticut Colony
56:Michigan Territory
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1607:Succeeded by
1598:Commander of the
1583:Military offices
1573:Succeeded by
1414:978-1-4286-0043-0
1330:978-0-7864-6385-5
675:Hull surrendered
485:in 1807 with the
483:Treaty of Detroit
437:for his service.
431:George Washington
385:Revolutionary War
364:Hull was born in
338:Treaty of Detroit
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136:November 29, 1825
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467:Thomas Jefferson
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714:James Madison
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632:Fort Dearborn
629:
628:Fort Mackinac
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584:James Findlay
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528:James Madison
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116:June 24, 1753
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48:
41:
36:
29:
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1709:(since 1837)
1667:
1657:Territorial
1597:
1588:
1564:
1555:
1540:the original
1534:
1516:
1507:
1493:
1473:
1448:
1429:
1418:, retrieved
1403:
1378:
1357:
1339:
1319:
1309:
1298:
1267:
1243:
1230:
1222:
1214:
1204:
1187:
1176:. Retrieved
1166:
1146:
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1128:. Retrieved
1122:
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1085:
1048:
1031:
1012:
999:
986:
973:
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947:
934:
923:. Retrieved
916:
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900:Whitman 1842
894:
883:. Retrieved
879:
870:
858:
853:
841:
836:
829:Seymour 2006
823:
810:
797:
760:Constitution
759:
747:
737:
733:
729:
723:
710:Robert Lucas
699:
695:
690:
686:
677:Fort Detroit
674:
651:James Miller
640:
621:
607:
604:
600:Maumee River
592:Urbana, Ohio
590:and then to
565:
516:
475:Indian Agent
464:
439:
419:Fort Stanwix
399:White Plains
388:
363:
346:Fort Detroit
322:William Hull
321:
320:
294:
280:Fort Stanwix
255:White Plains
246:Battles/wars
138:(1825-11-29)
86:Succeeded by
74:Appointed by
63:
32:William Hull
25:
1984:1825 deaths
1979:1753 births
1903:Van Wagoner
1593:Army formed
1444:Fiske, John
1259:Works cited
1005:Garcia 1999
816:Ortner 2001
681:Isaac Brock
679:to General
512:Tenskwatawa
473:and as its
442:Nathan Hale
427:Stony Point
342:War of 1812
296:War of 1812
290:Stony Point
149:Nationality
1973:Categories
1893:Fitzgerald
1883:Fitzgerald
1758:McClelland
1723:Woodbridge
1576:Lewis Cass
1420:2018-10-05
1251:), p. 369.
1238:), p. 366.
1178:2019-07-12
1157:0814330819
1130:2018-08-15
1110:), p. 386.
1091:Laxer 2012
1054:Laxer 2012
1037:Laxer 2012
925:2013-08-03
902:), p. 349.
885:2021-03-15
831:), p. 307.
805:), p. 308.
789:References
754:Isaac Hull
580:Lewis Cass
568:Cincinnati
499:Potawatomi
411:Stillwater
270:Stillwater
182:Allegiance
112:1753-06-24
91:Lewis Cass
1938:Blanchard
1898:Dickinson
1863:Groesbeck
1589:New title
1556:New title
955:), p. 15.
953:Hull 1824
624:Lake Erie
457:in 1789.
407:Princeton
265:Princeton
165:Signature
64:In office
1948:Granholm
1933:Milliken
1923:Swainson
1918:Williams
1878:Comstock
1798:Croswell
1388:citation
1349:11571681
1296:(1907),
1020:Archived
767:See also
588:Staunton
508:Tecumseh
506:leaders
491:Chippewa
433:and the
423:Monmouth
415:Saratoga
285:Monmouth
275:Saratoga
236:Commands
157:Children
152:American
1958:Whitmer
1873:Brucker
1858:Sleeper
1833:Pingree
1788:Baldwin
1768:Bingham
1763:Parsons
1743:Greenly
1526:2738191
1508:Memoirs
1503:4781638
1458:2325844
1287:2510566
1219:History
1058:139–142
1056:), pp.
738:Memoirs
598:of the
504:Shawnee
495:Wyandot
403:Trenton
260:Trenton
1953:Snyder
1943:Engler
1928:Romney
1913:Sigler
1888:Murphy
1853:Ferris
1848:Osborn
1843:Warner
1823:Winans
1808:Begole
1803:Jerome
1793:Bagley
1773:Wisner
1748:Ransom
1728:Gordon
1707:State
1688:Horner
1678:Porter
1524:
1501:
1481:
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630:, and
596:rapids
582:, and
572:Dayton
497:, and
425:, and
380:Career
334:Indian
304:
1908:Kelly
1868:Green
1838:Bliss
1813:Alger
1783:Crapo
1778:Blair
1753:Barry
1738:Felch
1733:Barry
1718:Mason
1683:Mason
1247:See (
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898:See (
827:See (
814:See (
801:See (
543:from
487:Odawa
119:Derby
1828:Rich
1818:Luce
1673:Cass
1668:Hull
1522:OCLC
1499:OCLC
1479:ISBN
1454:OCLC
1409:ISBN
1394:link
1363:ISBN
1345:OCLC
1325:ISBN
1283:OCLC
1273:ISBN
1152:ISBN
758:USS
732:and
221:Rank
133:Died
106:Born
1197:327
1095:155
1041:131
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