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and his art was labelled "degenerate". Johnson and Krake chose to move to the United States in 1938. After
Johnson returned to the United States in 1938," over the course of the next decade, his art transformed into the intense, "primitivist" style he is recognized for today. Both vibrant and somber, these abstracted paintings depict the African-American experience from both a historical and personal perspective". Throughout the 1940s this newly founded style became a catalyst for Johnson's work, as well as many of their attributes in their relationship.
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467:, which was a response to the 1943 racial riots in New York. Another series of works showed war-time soldiers and nurses. His pieces emphasized striking and vibrant colors and simplistic figures, and his depictions of African American culture began to draw on his upbringing in the rural South. Additionally, he employed religious and political motifs throughout his work. He aimed to illustrate the richness of the African culture and the modernism of the Harlem Renaissance. The style as well as texture of the pieces demonstrated Johnson's message. In his
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361:. Four months after their trip to Tunisia, they debuted their ceramic pieces at the local library in Kerteminde on October 1932. Neither Johnson nor Holcha Krake had worked or shown ceramics prior to their Tunisian trip and the exhibition was given high praise. For Johnson, his ceramic pieces seam to correlate with the dramatic expressionist paintings he made from the period 1932-1938. Which were done in heavy impasto giving the impression of "wet clay."
480:. In December 1942, Johnson and Krake moved to a larger studio apartment in Greenwich Village. A week later, Johnson's artwork, supplies, and personal possessions were destroyed when the building caught fire. On January 13, 1944, Johnson's wife Holcha died from breast cancer. To deal with his grief, he revisited his family in Florence, and painted works with religious themes, such as
520:. He spent the last twenty-three years of his life there. He no longer painted after 1955 and died on April 13, 1970, of hemorrhaging of the pancreas. "His life's work was acquired in 1967 by the Smithsonian Institution's National Collection of Fine Arts (now Smithsonian American Art Museum), which organized his first museum retrospective in 1971, shortly after his death."
332:, a once-fashionable town landmark which had become a dilapidated house of ill-repute. Whether Johnson's actions or his choice of subject were at issue is unknown. During this visit, Johnson was able to publicly exhibit his paintings twice. The first occasion was at a meeting of the Florence County Teachers Institute on February 22, 1930. The second was at a local
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of exploration where the couple visited the capital Tūnis, studied indigenous Berber pottery and textiles at Nabeul and
Kairouan and took expeditions to Sousse, Bardo and Hammamet. The couple both sketched on their tours, creating works that both captured the local North African people and Tunisia’s ancient architectural wonders.
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in April 1932, Johnson and Krake embarked on a journey to
Tunisia in North Africa. On route from Denmark the couple visited Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium and finally France, where they took the train from Paris to Marseilles to board the ferry to Tunisia. What followed was a three-month odyssey
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After Holcha was introduced into his life his art work began to transform due to "Holcha's folk art philosophies". However, as Nazi sentiments increased in
Germany and Europe in the late 1930s, many artists were affected. Johnson's brother-in-law Christoph Voll was fired from his teaching position,
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In 1946 Johnson left for
Denmark to be with his wife's family. However, his behavior became increasingly erratic. "Johnson's grief over his wife's tragic death in 1944, compounded by his own untreated medical issues, precipitated a mental breakdown and subsequent institutionalization." At Ullevål
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paintings, Johnson began experimenting with the relatively unused technique of screen printing, allowing for a quickness and suppleness of the painting. This layering of paint created an intentional appearance of grittiness and roughness to the image. Johnson used this technique to appeal to an
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On the afternoon of March 18, 2020, the city of
Florence, South Carolina, unveiled a statue in remembrance of Johnson. It is located on West Evans Street Breezeway, of downtown Florence. "The statue was designed and created by sculptor, Alex Palkovich. Alex is a native of the Ukraine, but made
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during the summers, paying for his tuition, food and lodging by working as a general handyman at the school. Johnson received a number of awards at the
National Academy of Design, and applied for a coveted Pulitzer Travel Scholarship in his final year. When another student was given the award,
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Wilson School on Athens Street. It is likely that
Johnson was introduced to sketching by one of his teachers, Louise Fordham Holmes, who sometimes included art in her curriculum. Johnson practiced drawing by copying the comic strips in the newspapers, and considered a career as a newspaper
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with unconditional rights over all works. The foundation would use the works to advance interracial understanding and support
African American achievements in the fine arts. On April 19, 1967, the Harmon Foundation gave more than 1,000 paintings, watercolors, and prints by Johnson to the
435:. He immersed himself in African-American culture and traditions, producing paintings that were characterized by their folk art simplicity. Johnson was determined to "paint his own people". He celebrated African American culture and imagery in the urban settings of pieces such as
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aesthetic of durability and perseverance in his subjects. Johnson held a solo exhibition at Alma Reed
Galleries in 1941. However, although he enjoyed a degree of success as an artist during the 1940s and 1950s, he was never able to achieve financial stability.
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In 1956, Johnson's life's work was almost destroyed when his caretaker declared him unable to pay further storage fees for his life. Instead, Helen Harriton, Mary Beattie Brady, and others arranged with the court to have Johnson's belongings delivered to the
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Florence home during his tenure as a CEO of GE Electric." The statue was created as a piece of commemoration to Johnson as a native artist of Florence and for his contributions through his artwork that were able to show the beauty of his city from within.
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On a personal level, the 1940s were difficult. Bad news came from Europe. Christoph Voll died in Karlsruhe, Germany, on June 16, 1939, after interrogation by Nazi officials. Holcha's family endured the German occupation of Denmark at their home in
512:. As a U.S. citizen who was no longer considered mentally competent, he was sent back to New York by the U.S. Embassy in Oslo. An attorney was appointed by the court as his legal guardian, and his belongings were put into storage. He entered the
351:. Johnson and his wife spent most of the 1930s in Scandinavia, where his interest in folk art influenced his painting. Johnson focused on artwork that expressed the skilled techniques learned from his many teachers throughout the years.
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issued a stamp in Johnson's honor, recognizing him as one of the nation's foremost African-American artists and a major figure in 20th-century American art. The stamp, the 11th in the "American Treasures" series, showcases his painting
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in the Fine Arts Field. As a result, Johnson received the Harmon gold medal in the fine arts. He was applauded as a "real modernist", "spontaneous, vigorous, firm, direct". Other winners of the fine art award include
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271:. During his time as an artist, Johnson worked in a variety of medias: woodcuts, oil, water colors, pen and ink, and serigraphy. He often used whatever materials were available on hand to express his work.
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Johnson arrived in Paris, France in the fall of 1927. He spent a year in Paris, and had his first solo exhibition at the Students and Artists Club in November 1927. Next he moved to
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While in the United States, Johnson also visited his family in Florence, where he painted a considerable number of new works. He was apparently almost arrested while painting the
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where Johnson's mother worked. Her boss, Bill Covington, arranged for Johnson to exhibit 135 of his paintings for a single afternoon, on April 15, 1930. Although the
175:. There he was influenced by the strong folk art tradition. The couple moved to the United States in 1938. Johnson eventually found work as a teacher at the
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Stoneware vase modelled in an organic shape, with polychrome drip glaze. Incised signature "WHJ" Scandinavia. Ca.1932-1938. Height: 11 ½ cm. Width 15 cm.
347:, a Danish island, to rejoin Holcha Krake. The couple signed a prenuptial agreement on May 28, 1930, and were married a few days later in the town of
289:(April 6, 1885 – January 13, 1944). Holcha was traveling with her sister Erna, who was also a painter, and Erna's husband, the expressionist sculptor
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The William H. Johnson Foundation for the Arts was established in 2001 in honor of the 100th birthday of William Johnson. Beginning with
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For the 2005 U.S. Postage stamp panel titled "To Form a More Perfect Union: Seeking Equal Rights for African Americans," art director
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Johnson joined the WPA federal art project and with the help of Mary Beattie Brady, Johnson eventually found work as a teacher at the
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in 2002, the Foundation has awarded the William H. Johnson Prize annual to an early career African American artist.
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described Johnson condescendingly as a "humble ... Negro youth", it also stated that he had "real genius".
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In 1991, the Smithsonian American Art Museum organized and circulated a major exhibition of his artwork,
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at the age of 17. Working a variety of jobs, he saved enough money to pay for classes at the prestigious
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Driskell, David; Lewis, David Levering; Ryan, Deborah Willis; Campbell, Mary Schmidt (1987).
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Johnson returned to Europe in 1930 by working his way to France on a freighter. He went to
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1014:"William H. Johnson Work & Bio | Exhibit | Florence SC | The Florence County Museum"
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Works by William H. Johnson in the collections of the Smithsonian American Art Museum
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The Negro Artist Comes of Age: A National Survey of Contemporary American Artists
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William E. Harmon Foundation Award for Distinguished Achievement Among Negroes
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1393:"The City of Florence held the unveiling of the William Henry Johnson statue"
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Campbell, Angela (February 2016). "William Henry Johnson's Jitterbugs II".
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230:. He took a preparatory class with Charles Louis Hinton, then studied with
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in the south of France, influenced by the work of expressionist painter
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Hawthorne raised nearly $ 1000 to enable Johnson to go abroad to study.
143:(March 18, 1901 – April 13, 1970) was an American painter. Born in
927:"Remembering William H. Johnson: A Forgotten Harlem Renaissance Artist"
607:(1939–40), which depicts brightly colored blooms on a small red table.
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427:. Through the center Johnson met important Harlem inhabitants such as
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202:, which has organized and circulated major exhibitions of his works.
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to illustrate the segregation of American soldiers that preceded
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1421:"Simple and stark : William H. Johnson's world on paper"
1162:"Homecoming: The Art and Life of William H. Johnson (review)"
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on Long Island on December 1, 1947, where he was treated for
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Johnson returned to the United States in 1929. Fellow artist
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980:"Willie and Holcha in Africa. By Josephine Rydeng - Issuu"
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557:. An expanded version of this exhibition traveled to the
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During this time, Johnson met the Danish textile artist
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Harmon Foundation Gold Medal for Excellence in Fine Arts
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Hospital in Oslo in spring 1947, he was diagnosed with
281:, by William H. Johnson, hand colored woodcut on paper
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William H. Johnson and Holcha Krake in Africa, 1932.
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at the Albany Institute of History and Art in 1945.
459:. Harsher realities of Negro life were depicted in
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Homecoming: The Art and Life of William H. Johnson,
1366:"William H. Johnson Forever Stamp Available Today"
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789:Homecoming: the art and life of William H. Johnson
711:"William H. Johnson Biography Painter (1901–1970)"
210:William Henry Johnson was born March 18, 1901, in
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994:"Willie and Holcha | The Florence County Museum"
293:. Johnson was invited to join them on a tour of
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1448:The William H. Johnson Foundation For The Arts
1308:The William H. Johnson Foundation for the Arts
1283:The William H. Johnson Foundation for the Arts
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167:. After Johnson married Danish textile artist
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787:Powell, Richard J.; Puryear, Martin (1991).
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304:encouraged Johnson to enter his work at the
19:For other people named William Johnson, see
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553:and in 2006, they organized and circulated
222:He moved from Florence, South Carolina, to
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845:. New York: The Studio Museum in Harlem.
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1105:"The Art and Life of William H. Johnson"
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866:Wintz, Cary D.; Finkelman, Paul (2004).
841:Harlem Renaissance: art of Black America
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677:"William H. Johnson Biography: Part III"
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813:"William H. Johnson Biography: Part II"
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1234:Kantrowitz, Jonathan (June 25, 2013).
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905:"William H. Johnson's Taste of Europe"
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869:Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance
645:"A Wrangle Over a Rediscovered Artist"
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583:used Johnson's 1941 silk-screen print
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1353:The 2005 Commemorative Stamp Yearbook
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1261:"William H. Johnson's World on Paper"
1236:"William H. Johnson's World on Paper"
1203:"William H. Johnson's World on Paper"
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1522:People from Florence, South Carolina
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267:. In France, Johnson learned about
171:, the couple lived for some time in
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555:William H. Johnson's World on Paper
508:which had impaired both mental and
375:(1939–1940), by William H. Johnson.
16:African American artist (1901–1970)
13:
1557:20th-century American male artists
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1304:"William H. Johnson Prize Winners"
1134:Greenwald, Xico (March 18, 2014).
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411:(ca. 1944), by William H. Johnson
569:in Montgomery, Alabama in 2007.
21:William Johnson (disambiguation)
1532:American Expressionist painters
1462:Smithsonian American Art Museum
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1329:"2013 William H. Johnson Prize"
1207:Smithsonian American Art Museum
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1041:Smithsonian American Art Museum
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903:Gopnik, Blake (June 25, 2006).
643:Lord, M. G. (January 3, 1999).
544:Smithsonian American Art Museum
447:, and in the rural settings of
200:Smithsonian American Art Museum
159:. He later lived and worked in
1547:American expatriates in France
1512:20th-century American painters
1467:William H. Johnson Biography:
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567:Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts
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1:
1419:Smith, Donald (Summer 2006).
907:. The Washington Post Company
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532:William Johnson at work, NARA
425:Works Progress Administration
386:(1940), by William H. Johnson
186:Johnson's style evolved from
147:, he became a student at the
1370:United States Postal Service
514:Central Islip State Hospital
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1542:Painters from New York City
1537:Artists from South Carolina
1527:Federal Art Project artists
1436:Willie and Holcha in Africa
1425:Inside Smithsonian Research
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589:President Harry S. Truman's
490:Booker T. Washington Legend
417:Harlem Community Art Center
248:Provincetown, Massachusetts
177:Harlem Community Art Center
10:
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1458:William H. Johnson gallery
1265:Philadelphia Museum of Art
1043:. United States of America
563:Philadelphia Museum of Art
561:in Fort Worth, Texas, the
228:National Academy of Design
163:, where he was exposed to
149:National Academy of Design
18:
715:The Biography.com website
621:Women Builders (painting)
308:to be considered for the
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240:Charles Webster Hawthorne
236:George Willoughby Maynard
157:Charles Webster Hawthorne
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1483:, Florence County Museum
623:, oil on pasteboard 1945
518:syphilis-induced paresis
212:Florence, South Carolina
145:Florence, South Carolina
68:Florence, South Carolina
1160:Poesch, Jessie (1995).
1136:"Unpolished Expression"
872:. New York: Routledge.
232:Charles Courtney Curran
86:Central Islip, New York
1517:American male painters
955:"Artist: Holcha Krake"
817:Florence County Museum
681:Florence County Museum
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244:Cape Cod School of Art
1181:10.1353/scu.1995.0100
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400:by William H. Johnson
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338:Florence Morning News
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141:William Henry Johnson
54:William Henry Johnson
1391:Smith (2020-03-20).
1279:"Foundation History"
1081:"William H. Johnson"
1037:"William H. Johnson"
931:Abri Art and Culture
721:on February 28, 2015
593:Executive Order 9981
494:Fighters for Freedom
437:Street life - Harlem
323:Laura Wheeler Waring
982:. 20 February 2024.
959:Kunstindeks Danmark
600:U.S. Postal Service
449:Farm Couple at Work
421:Federal Art Project
359:Ceramic exhibitions
181:Federal Art Project
649:The New York Times
559:Amon Carter Museum
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319:May Howard Jackson
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32:William H. Johnson
1397:SC Village Voices
1169:Southern Cultures
879:978-1-57958-389-7
798:978-0-393-31127-3
539:Harmon Foundation
423:supported by the
306:Harmon Foundation
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129:Charles Hawthorne
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1372:. April 11, 2012
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585:Training for War
492:(from Johnson's
465:Moon over Harlem
445:Street Musicians
433:Gwendolyn Knight
373:Street Musicians
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1507:1970 deaths
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1085:www.nga.gov
524:Recognition
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173:Scandinavia
93:Nationality
1496:Categories
1402:2020-11-13
1333:Art Agenda
1217:2015-03-14
1090:2020-11-13
1019:2020-11-13
999:2020-11-11
937:2020-11-11
628:References
574:Laylah Ali
565:, and the
469:Jitterbugs
461:Chain Gang
349:Kerteminde
196:folk style
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725:March 14,
269:modernism
206:Education
165:modernism
124:Patron(s)
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686:14 March
615:See also
506:syphilis
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1477:Part II
911:July 6,
605:Flowers
295:Corsica
188:realism
1473:Part I
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