544:, we have a robust and very valuable reply to minimalists, ruthlessly exposing their suspect agendas and sham "scholarship", following on from his refutations of Finkelstein's archaeological revisionism. It should be read and appreciated (from the period 1200 B.C. onward) for his firsthand contribution on the archaeological aspects, as well in conjunction with this book. There is much solid rock here, and all of us may rejoice in that fact".
493:" agendas are that (a) a coordinated team of 'minimalists'/'revisionist' biblical historians are conspiring to deny the existence of ancient Israel (and even of historical 'facts' at all!); (b) Dever has been, and remains, the guardian of truth in matters archaeological; and (c) archaeology can confirm the reliability of Biblical history. The first two of these issues obscure the central thesis."
510:"If Dever's attempts to link narrative biblical history and archaeology represent mainstream thinking (as he claims), then the field is indeed in deep trouble. It is the kind of blind acceptance of traditional (unsubstantiated) 'synchronisms' espoused by Dever that has provided the very fuel for the minimalists’ criticisms. In short, Dever may prove to be his own worst enemy."
341:' 'ultimately endorses the old stereotype of 'popular' or 'folk' religion as the simplistic practices of rural communities', so perpetuating existing 'derogatory assumptions' that more recent discourses on the topic have sought to counter. Others, however, praise Dever's contributions to understanding the history of Israel and Judah in the Iron Age.
598:. In this lecture, he characterizes the Bible as a selective version of Israelite religion told by a right-wing clique of elites, and he argues that the majority of ordinary people were not monotheistic Yahwists and they venerated the "Great Goddess Asherah." He concludes by equating Asherah with the
587:. He concludes, however, in this lecture that in the much greater part the Exodus is a myth or "pseudo-history," and that the early Israelites were mostly indigenous Canaanites, while stating that a group of a few thousand migrants from Egypt probably joined Israel in the 13th century BCE or later.
329:), as well as thousands of Asherah figurines that archaeologists have found in various Israel locations, including a dump near the First Temple (a dump he attributes to Josiah's iconoclastic reform efforts). His views on worship of the goddess as expressed in this book have been
365:. My view all along—and especially in the recent books—is first that the biblical narratives are indeed 'stories,' often fictional and almost always propagandistic, but that here and there they contain some valid historical information. That hardly makes me a 'maximalist.'
409:
Because of these positions, Dever can be considered a centrist in the biblical field: while he is far more skeptical on the historicity of the Bible than biblical maximalists (whom he often accuses of fundamentalism), he is also vigorously critical of
977:("many seminal contributions to the field", "provided important insights"); Suzanne Richards, op. cit., p. 119 ("done more to advance our knowledge of the EB IV period than any other"); Jake R. McCarty and Eugene H. Merrill,
373:
Archaeology as it is practiced today must be able to challenge, as well as confirm, the Bible stories. Some things described there really did happen, but others did not. The
Biblical narratives about
1076:
What Did the
Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?: What Archaeology Can Tell Us About the Reality of Ancient Israel: What Archeology Can Tell Us about the Reality of Ancient Israel
389:
probably reflect some historical memories of people and places, but the 'larger than life' portraits of the Bible are unrealistic and contradicted by the archaeological evidence.
552:, whom he has described as "idiosyncratic and doctrinaire" and "a magician and a showman", to which Finkelstein answered by calling Dever "a jealous academic parasite" and "a
250:
and Jebel Qaaqir (West Bank) 1967–1971; principal investigator at Tell el-Hayyat excavations (Jordan) 1981–1985, and assistant director, University of
Arizona Expedition to
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439:
286:. Discussing extensive archaeological evidence from a range of Israelite sites, largely dated between the 12th and the 8th centuries BCE, Dever argued that this
1116:
Davies, Philip R. (2002). "What Did the
Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It? What Archaeology Can Tell Us about the Reality of Ancient Israel ".
506:, was critical of Dever, accusing him of dismissing contrary evidence without argument and failing to engage with detail as against wider cultural context:
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However, Dever is also clear that his historical field should be seen on a much broader canvas than merely how it relates to the Bible:
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What Did the
Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It? What Archaeology Can Tell Us about the Reality of Ancient Israel
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What did the biblical writers know and when did they know it? What archeology can tell us about the reality of ancient Israel
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Dever's views have been criticized by some of his fellow scholars, both on the minimalist and maximalist field. Writing on
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405:' (and, by extrapolation, Syro-Palestinian archaeology) is simply to elucidate the Bible, or the lands of the Bible
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Dever, William G.: "Archaeology, Ideology, and the Quest for an
Ancient or Biblical Israel", NEA 1998, page 46.
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214:
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489:, who is often criticized by Dever in the book, chided his inability to distance himself from his obsessions:
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An example of one of the
Asherah figures that Dever discusses as illustrative of his thesis is illustrated
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Confronting the Past: Archaeological and
Historical Essays on Ancient Israel in Honor of William G. Dever
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279:
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646:. He is married to Pamela Gaber, professor of Old Testament and Judaic Studies at Lycoming College.
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267:
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in 1966. He describes himself as "an unreconstructed traditionalist by temperament and training."
1234:"Debate: In This Corner: William Dever and Israel Finkelstein Debate the Early History of Israel"
1233:
1188:"Debate: In This Corner: William Dever and Israel Finkelstein Debate the Early History of Israel"
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579:. He argues for existence of a historical Israel in the Iron Age, contrary to "revisionists" and
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235:
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disguised as a liberal". A 2004 debate between
Finkelstein and William G. Dever, mediated by
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Dever's views on the worship of
Asherah are based to a significant extent on inscriptions at
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166:
126:
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402:
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210:
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51:
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947:(Stavrakopoulou, Francesca and John Barton (editors)). London: T&T Clark, pages 43-44.
8:
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The Lives of Ordinary People in Ancient Israel: Where Archaeology and the Bible Intersect
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in biblical times. He was Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology and Anthropology at the
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in autumn 2008. He was appointed Distinguished Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology.
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Dever, William G. (March–April 2006). "The Western Cultural Tradition Is at Risk".
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from 1975 to 2002. He is a Distinguished Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology at
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was only ever the preserve of an elite, a 'largely impractical' religious ideal.
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451:(while admitting that its content may contain some historical kernels) and the
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In retirement, Dever has become a frequent author on questions relating to the
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941:'Popular' Religion and 'Official' Religion: Practice, Perception, Portrayal
852:. University of Arizona, Department of Near Eastern Studies. Archived from
325:(though see also his discussion of the significance of a cultic stand from
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1308:"Losing Faith: Who Did and Who Didn't - How Scholarship Affects Scholars"
72:
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Beyond the Texts: An Archaeological Portrait of Ancient Israel and Judah
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983:, January–March 2004, vol. 161, no. 1 ("vast and detailed knowledge").
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303:
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Did God Have a Wife? Archaeology and Folk Religion in Ancient Israel
902:
Did God Have a Wife? Archaeology and Folk Religion in Ancient Israel
889:
Did God Have a Wife? Archaeology and Folk Religion in Ancient Israel
876:
Did God Have a Wife? Archaeology and Folk Religion in Ancient Israel
838:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. p. 16.
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Did God Have a Wife? Archaeology and Folk Religion in Ancient Israel
820:
Confronting the Past: Archaeological and William G. Dever, et al.,
431:
591:
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374:
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I am not reading the Bible as Scripture… I am in fact not even a
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275:
251:
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Historical Essays on Ancient Israel in Honor of William G. Dever
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Christian, and became an evangelical preacher as well. He later
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Dever also has a long and bitter feud with fellow archaeologist
917:(paperback edition). Cambridge: Eerdmans, pages 153-54, 219-21.
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My Nine Lives: Sixty Years in Israeli and Biblical Archaeology
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What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?
525:
455:, but states that historical materials can be found from the
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378:
243:
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Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come from?
524:
criticizes Dever for not supporting the historicity of the
440:
Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From?
891:(paperback edition). Cambridge: Eerdmans, pages 110 - 175
605:
A similar 2014 lecture by Dever at Emory is available on
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in the everyday religion of 'ordinary people' in ancient
157:, historian, semiticist, and theologian. He is an active
959:, Aren M. Maeir, Oren Ackermann, and Hendrik J. Bruins,
532:, but praises him for his defence of the Bible from the
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by some. On his methodological approach more generally,
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Recent archaeological discoveries and biblical research
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A 2013 lecture by Dever on the Exodus is available on
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in 1966–1971, 1984, and 1990; director of the dig at
878:(paperback edition). Cambridge: Eerdmans, page 314.
590:
A 2013 lecture by Dever on whether God had a wife (
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904:(paperback edition). Cambridge: Eerdmans, page 90
724:: Archaeology and Folk Religion in Ancient Israel
274:(2005), for the persistence of the veneration of
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945:Religious Diversity in Ancient Israel and Judah
850:"CURRICULUM VITAE (Abbreviated Version 2/5/02)"
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447:Dever denies the historicity of much of the
1165:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 468.
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1411:21st-century American non-fiction writers
1386:20th-century American non-fiction writers
969:, p. 239, Eisenbrauns (January 1, 2006)
337:has suggested that his use of the term '
16:American archaeologist and Bible scholar
1260:"In Search of King David's Lost Empire"
1162:On the Reliability of the Old Testament
1158:
517:On the Reliability of the Old Testament
1451:Converts to Judaism from Protestantism
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1080:William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
962:The Ecological Consequences of a Siege
401:is that the rationale and purpose of '
1328:from the original on January 26, 2021
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1053:Dever, William G. (August 24, 2015).
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1371:20th-century American archaeologists
171:ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah
165:, and historian, specialized in the
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1186:Shanks, Hershel (August 24, 2015).
618:Dever is the son of an evangelical
397:The most naïve misconception about
106:history of ancient Israel and Judah
13:
1406:21st-century American male writers
1381:20th-century American male writers
1200:
1179:
1055:"Save Us from Postmodern Malarkey"
993:Dever, William G. (January 2003).
638:, although he now identifies as a
217:in 1959. He received his PhD from
14:
1522:
1506:Writers from Louisville, Kentucky
1416:21st-century American theologians
1391:20th-century American theologians
1208:"Divided Kingdom, United Critics"
1038:Dever, William G. "Archaeology".
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939:Stavrakopoulou, Francesca (2010)
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776:Has archaeology Buried the Bible?
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520:, Ancient Near Eastern historian
258:, 1991, among other excavations.
153:) is an American archaeologist,
1401:21st-century American historians
1376:20th-century American historians
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463:At Lycoming College (since 2008)
445:Has Archeology Buried the Bible?
357:either. Instead he has written:
306:-centred 'book religion' of the
167:history of the Ancient Near East
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1159:Kitchen, K. A. (June 9, 2006).
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268:Near Eastern field archaeology
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999:The Bible and Interpretation
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467:Dever joined the faculty at
399:Syro-Palestinian archaeology
290:, with its local altars and
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96:Syro-Palestinian archaeology
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1426:American former Protestants
1313:Biblical Archaeology Review
1286:Asherah#In Israel and Judah
1212:Biblical Archaeology Review
1193:Biblical Archaeology Review
1093:Announcement of appointment
1060:Biblical Archaeology Review
1040:The Anchor Bible Dictionary
1021:Biblical Archaeology Review
563:Biblical Archaeology Review
10:
1527:
1481:Milligan University alumni
1456:Converts to Reform Judaism
1421:American former Christians
1074:Dever, William G. (2002).
266:He used his background in
234:Dever was director of the
1466:Harvard University alumni
913:Dever, William G. (2008)
900:Dever, William G. (2008)
887:Dever, William G. (2008)
874:Dever, William G. (2008)
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149:(born November 27, 1933,
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824:(Eisenbrauns, 2006) p ix
351:historicity of the Bible
335:Francesca Stavrakopoulou
111:historicity of the Bible
91:Near Eastern archaeology
1143:Review by Peter James,
1098:March 17, 2010, at the
834:Dever, William (2001).
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644:irreligious non-theist
602:in subsequent Judaism.
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485:, minimalist scholar
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175:University of Arizona
127:University of Arizona
1436:American Reform Jews
1306:, ed. (April 2007).
722:Did God Have a Wife?
560:(then-editor of the
426:(whom he accuses of
412:biblical minimalists
403:biblical archaeology
240:Hebrew Union College
151:Louisville, Kentucky
101:Biblical archaeology
52:Louisville, Kentucky
1461:Former evangelicals
762:. SBL Press. 2017.
622:, was raised as an
554:biblical literalist
355:biblical literalism
147:William Gwinn Dever
35:William Gwinn Dever
1431:American Hebraists
778:. Eerdmans. 2020.
744:. Eerdmans. 2012.
726:. Eerdmans. 2005.
705:. Eerdmans. 2003.
685:. Eerdmans. 2001.
594:) is available on
585:Niels Peter Lemche
550:Israel Finkelstein
424:Niels Peter Lemche
420:Thomas L. Thompson
219:Harvard University
1491:Secular humanists
1240:. August 24, 2015
1172:978-0-8028-0396-2
1027:(2): 26 & 76.
751:978-0-8028-6701-8
500:, writing on the
207:Butler University
193:Dever earned his
185:in Pennsylvania.
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86:Ancient Near East
45:November 27, 1933
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