216:"1876 also saw the first of several exposures of another physical medium, William Eglington, in whose trunk a false beard and a quantity of muslin were found by Archdeacon Colley. He was exposed again in 1880, after which he turned to slate-writing. In this he was exposed by Richard Hodgson and S. J. Davey of the SPR in 1885. Davey a clever conjuror, was able to duplicate all Eglington's phenomena so perfectly that some spiritualists, notably Alfred Russel Wallace, insisted that he too was really a genuine medium."
30:
22:
358:. London: Watts & Co. p. 115. "The English medium Eglinton adopted and improved his methods, and he was one of the bright stars of the Spiritualist world for twenty years. He was detected in fraud as early as 1876. At that time he gave materialization-stances, at which the ghostly form of "Abdullah" appeared. Archdeacon Colley found the beard and draperies of Abdullah in his trunk."
157:
he was baffled. No magician is immune from being deceived and it is no way beneath a magician's dignity or demeaning to professional reputation to openly admit that he cannot always account for what he thinks he sees." Magic historian Barry Wiley wrote that
Eglinton was exposed as a fraud several years later.
156:
although Kellar was originally baffled by
Eglinton's levitation when he gave the subject fuller consideration he was able to reproduce the same phenomena by trickery. Houdini wrote "it was not strange that Kellar did not detect Eglinton's method instantly nor is it strange that he acknowledged that
403:. Book Club Associates. pp. 109–110. "The leading exponent of slate writing was William Eglinton; his leading critics were Mrs Sidgwick and Richard Hodgson. Hodgson had created a stir by his expose of theosophy, and neither he nor Mrs Sidgwick was impressed by Eglinton."
127:
wrote that "Eglinton had on at least two occasions been detected in fraudulently simulating occult phenomena... Moreover, several observers claimed to have seen
Eglinton actually writing on the slates with his own hands." Professor
266:"The most important bogus medium in history was William Eglinton, who began his corrupt activities in adolescence. Important because the ultimate effect of his slate-writing trickery was to revolutionize psychical investigations."
327:
152:
has written that Kellar did not "impose any form of control" and "couldn't see anything" in the dark séance room but still convinced himself
Eglinton levitated. According to the magician
132:
during a séance with
Eglinton heard him write on the slates and observed writing movements. Lewis had also discovered that Eglinton had looked up answers to questions in a dictionary.
82:
Thomas Colley seized the "spirit" materialization known as "Abdullah" and cut off a portion of its cloak. It was discovered that the cut piece matched a cloth found in
Eglinton's
86:. Colley also pulled the beard off the materialization and it was revealed to be a fake, the same as another one found in the suitcase of Eglinton. In 1886 the spiritualist
676:
1195:
328:
An encyclopedia of claims, frauds, and hoaxes of the occult and supernatural: decidedly sceptical definitions of alternative realities
1205:
669:
989:
1220:
336:
662:
591:
1542:
1175:
974:
572:
533:
510:
490:
467:
447:
424:
310:
287:
263:
240:
213:
98:
1411:
1200:
596:. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research 12: 9-10. (Baggally describes how he observed Eglinton's trickery)
102:
834:
1466:
1190:
728:
68:
1537:
768:
624:
603:
101:. In 1886 and 1887 a series of publications by S. J. Davey, Hodgson and Sidgwick in the Journal for the
1416:
1376:
1266:
1341:
1210:
994:
969:
356:
Is
Spiritualism based on Fraud?: The Evidence Given by Sir A.C. Doyle and Others Drastically Examined
632:
94:
93:
Eglinton performed slate writing mediumship and his leading critics were the psychical researchers
1476:
1236:
809:
685:
145:
45:
1406:
1215:
1054:
1019:
899:
854:
718:
1366:
1271:
1049:
1044:
959:
929:
879:
753:
713:
1134:
1532:
1527:
1381:
1281:
1114:
1099:
914:
74:
Eglinton was briefly successful as a medium, which was largely because he was endorsed by
8:
1456:
1246:
1241:
1180:
984:
979:
703:
689:
611:
380:
188:
129:
112:
87:
1496:
1331:
1124:
1074:
1039:
884:
758:
280:
The Spirit Book: The
Encyclopedia of Clairvoyance, Channeling, and Spirit Communication
166:
1501:
1431:
1401:
1291:
1144:
1064:
1034:
944:
939:
869:
824:
763:
748:
708:
568:
529:
506:
486:
463:
443:
420:
332:
306:
283:
259:
236:
209:
1446:
1396:
1301:
1185:
1079:
298:
275:
228:
149:
116:
1506:
1436:
1371:
1336:
1321:
1129:
1089:
1029:
1004:
864:
615:
435:
412:
396:
120:
29:
844:
1481:
1471:
1421:
1386:
1361:
1326:
1316:
1306:
1286:
1104:
874:
829:
799:
587:
460:
Resisting
History: Religious Transcendence and the Invention of the Unconscious
106:
79:
75:
1521:
1441:
1391:
1356:
1351:
1296:
1256:
1109:
1069:
1059:
1014:
894:
849:
839:
814:
773:
723:
654:
649:
560:
544:
478:
351:
153:
124:
1486:
1311:
1276:
1261:
1251:
1159:
1119:
1094:
1024:
1009:
924:
889:
859:
819:
794:
743:
599:
141:
417:
The Other World: Spiritualism and
Psychical Research in England, 1850–1914
105:
exposed the slate writing tricks of Eglinton. Due to the critical papers,
1461:
1451:
1426:
1154:
1149:
964:
919:
904:
804:
617:
The Alleged Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism: An Account of Two SĂ©ances
322:
1491:
1346:
1084:
999:
949:
733:
251:
48:
385:
Twixt Two Worlds: A Narrative of the Life and Work of William Eglinton
1139:
954:
934:
526:
The Thought Reader Craze: Victorian Science at the Enchanted Boundary
60:
738:
605:
The Question: A Brief History and Examination of Modern Spiritualism
233:
Final SĂ©ance: The Strange Friendship Between Houdini and Conan Doyle
64:
83:
21:
109:
and other prominent spiritualist members resigned from the SPR.
778:
78:. However, in 1876, Eglinton was exposed as a fraud when the
629:. Rationalist Association. London: Watts & Co. pp. 66–69
639:. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research 2: 282–334.
620:. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research. Part XI.
503:
Modern Spiritualism and the Church of England, 1850–1939
184:
182:
1519:
485:. Volume 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 206.
684:
650:Spiritualism and Theosophy by William Eglinton
483:Modern Spiritualism: A History and a Criticism
224:
222:
179:
1196:National Spiritualist Association of Churches
670:
563:. (2011 edition, originally published 1924).
481:. (2011 edition, originally published 1902).
520:
518:
115:has written that Eglinton was involved with
419:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 139–140.
219:
63:. He claimed to materialize spirits in his
677:
663:
593:Private Meeting for Members and Associates
90:wrote a supportive biography of Eglinton.
1206:Spiritualist Association of Great Britain
515:
315:
28:
20:
195:. Herbert B. Turner & Co. pp. 84–90
1520:
626:The Follies and Frauds of Spiritualism
567:. Cambridge University Press. p. 263.
462:. Manchester University Press. p. 47.
331:. New York, NY: St. Martin's Griffin.
256:A Skeptic's Handbook of Parapsychology
193:The Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism
1221:International Spiritualist Federation
658:
440:The Invention of Telepathy, 1870–1901
321:
135:
608:. Grant Richards, London. pp. 50–106
1176:List of Spiritualist organizations
13:
581:
442:. Oxford University Press. p. 57.
387:. The Psychological Press, London.
14:
1554:
643:
305:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 114.
554:
538:
495:
472:
452:
429:
406:
390:
374:
303:Physical Phenomena of Mysticism
206:Spiritualism: A Critical Survey
140:In 1882, the American magician
361:
345:
292:
269:
245:
198:
103:Society for Psychical Research
1:
1201:Spiritualists' National Union
282:. Visible Ink Press. p. 125.
172:
67:. It was discovered that the
1191:London Spiritualist Alliance
565:A Magician Among the Spirits
258:. Prometheus Books. p. 277.
54:
51:who was exposed as a fraud.
7:
235:. Prometheus Books. p. 51.
160:
40:(1857–1933), also known as
16:British spiritualist medium
10:
1559:
208:. Aquarian Press. p. 105.
144:was baffled by an alleged
1543:English spiritual mediums
1229:
1211:Spiritual church movement
1168:
787:
696:
549:Spirit Compacts Unfilled
505:. Boydell Press. p. 52.
501:Georgina Byrne. (2010).
458:Rhodri Hayward. (2014).
204:Simeon Edmunds. (1966).
119:in producing fraudulent
33:Eglinton with "Abdullah"
1477:C. E. Bechhofer Roberts
1342:Carlos MarĂa de Heredia
1407:Charles Arthur Mercier
1216:Arthur Findlay College
1055:William Stainton Moses
1020:Gladys Osborne Leonard
551:. The Sun. 30 October.
371:. Danbury Press. p. 62
34:
26:
1367:Stanley LeFevre Krebs
1272:Milbourne Christopher
1181:Spiritualist churches
1050:Lorin Morgan-Richards
1045:William Usborne Moore
714:Cross-Correspondences
623:Walter Mann. (1919).
524:Barry Wiley. (2012).
367:Roy Stemman. (1976).
59:Eglinton was born in
32:
24:
1382:John Nevil Maskelyne
1282:Edmund Smith Conklin
528:. McFarland. p. 35.
80:psychical researcher
1457:Julien J. Proskauer
1247:George Miller Beard
1242:John Henry Anderson
980:Daniel Dunglas Home
697:History and beliefs
381:John Stephen Farmer
189:Hereward Carrington
113:Hereward Carrington
88:John Stephen Farmer
1538:English fraudsters
1497:Ivor Lloyd Tuckett
1332:William A. Hammond
1135:Stanisława Tomczyk
1125:Emanuel Swedenborg
1075:Ethel Post-Parrish
1040:Francis Ward Monck
885:Arthur Conan Doyle
759:Spirit photography
167:Francis Ward Monck
136:Alleged levitation
35:
27:
1515:
1514:
1502:Lyttelton Winslow
1467:Donovan Rawcliffe
1432:E. Clephan Palmer
1402:Georgess McHargue
1292:Stuart Cumberland
1267:William Carpenter
1186:Spiritist centres
1145:George Valiantine
1065:Eusapia Palladino
1035:Carmine Mirabelli
995:Swami Laura Horos
945:Kathleen Goligher
870:Geraldine Cummins
825:Stephen E. Braude
764:Spirit possession
749:Spiritual healing
709:Automatic writing
401:The Table-Rappers
338:978-0-312-15119-5
61:Islington, London
42:William Eglington
1550:
1447:Massimo Polidoro
1397:Henry C. McComas
1302:Joseph Dunninger
1080:James Van Praagh
970:Gordon Higginson
910:William Eglinton
754:Spirit obsession
679:
672:
665:
656:
655:
633:Eleanor Sidgwick
575:
558:
552:
542:
536:
522:
513:
499:
493:
476:
470:
456:
450:
433:
427:
410:
404:
394:
388:
378:
372:
369:The Supernatural
365:
359:
349:
343:
342:
319:
313:
299:Montague Summers
296:
290:
276:Raymond Buckland
273:
267:
249:
243:
229:Massimo Polidoro
226:
217:
202:
196:
186:
150:Massimo Polidoro
117:Madame Blavatsky
95:Eleanor Sidgwick
69:materializations
38:William Eglinton
25:William Eglinton
1558:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1507:Richard Wiseman
1437:Ronald Pearsall
1417:John Mulholland
1372:Rose Mackenberg
1337:C. E. M. Hansel
1322:G. Stanley Hall
1225:
1164:
1130:Rosina Thompson
1090:Estelle Roberts
1030:Heinrich Melzer
1005:James H. Hyslop
975:Richard Hodgson
865:William Crookes
783:
729:Materialization
692:
683:
646:
584:
582:Further reading
579:
578:
559:
555:
543:
539:
523:
516:
500:
496:
477:
473:
457:
453:
436:Roger Luckhurst
434:
430:
413:Janet Oppenheim
411:
407:
397:Ronald Pearsall
395:
391:
379:
375:
366:
362:
350:
346:
339:
320:
316:
297:
293:
274:
270:
250:
246:
227:
220:
203:
199:
187:
180:
175:
163:
138:
121:Mahatma letters
99:Richard Hodgson
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1556:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1482:Chung Ling Soo
1479:
1474:
1472:Joseph F. Rinn
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1422:Fulton Oursler
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1387:Henry Maudsley
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1362:Joseph Jastrow
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1327:Trevor H. Hall
1324:
1319:
1317:Martin Gardner
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1287:Millais Culpin
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1257:Lionel Branson
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1105:Rudi Schneider
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
985:Elizabeth Hope
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
940:Eileen Garrett
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
835:Rosemary Brown
832:
830:William Breeze
827:
822:
817:
812:
810:Charles Bailey
807:
802:
800:Rosemary Altea
797:
791:
789:
785:
784:
782:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
700:
698:
694:
693:
682:
681:
674:
667:
659:
653:
652:
645:
644:External links
642:
641:
640:
630:
621:
609:
597:
588:W. W. Baggally
583:
580:
577:
576:
573:978-1108027489
553:
537:
534:978-0786464708
514:
511:978-1843835899
494:
491:978-1108072588
471:
468:978-0719095375
451:
448:978-0199249626
428:
425:978-0521347679
405:
389:
373:
360:
344:
337:
314:
311:978-1161363654
291:
288:978-1578592135
268:
264:978-0879753009
244:
241:978-1573928960
218:
214:978-0850300130
197:
177:
176:
174:
171:
170:
169:
162:
159:
137:
134:
107:Stainton Moses
76:Charles Richet
56:
53:
44:was a British
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1555:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1442:Frank Podmore
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:Joseph McCabe
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1357:Harry Houdini
1355:
1353:
1352:Terence Hines
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1297:Eric Dingwall
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:Organizations
1167:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1110:Maria Silbert
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1070:Leonora Piper
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1060:Einer Nielsen
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1015:Franek Kluski
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
900:Harry Edwards
898:
896:
895:Eddy Brothers
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
855:Florence Cook
853:
851:
850:Doris Collins
848:
846:
843:
841:
840:Sylvia Browne
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
815:Bangs Sisters
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
792:
790:
788:Spiritualists
786:
780:
777:
775:
774:Table-turning
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
744:Spirit guides
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
724:Faith healing
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
680:
675:
673:
668:
666:
661:
660:
657:
651:
648:
647:
638:
634:
631:
628:
627:
622:
619:
618:
613:
612:Carvill Lewis
610:
607:
606:
601:
598:
595:
594:
589:
586:
585:
574:
570:
566:
562:
561:Harry Houdini
557:
550:
546:
545:Harry Houdini
541:
535:
531:
527:
521:
519:
512:
508:
504:
498:
492:
488:
484:
480:
479:Frank Podmore
475:
469:
465:
461:
455:
449:
445:
441:
437:
432:
426:
422:
418:
414:
409:
402:
398:
393:
386:
382:
377:
370:
364:
357:
353:
352:Joseph McCabe
348:
340:
334:
330:
329:
324:
318:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
223:
215:
211:
207:
201:
194:
190:
185:
183:
178:
168:
165:
164:
158:
155:
154:Harry Houdini
151:
148:of Eglinton.
147:
143:
133:
131:
130:Carvill Lewis
126:
125:Frank Podmore
122:
118:
114:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
71:were fakes.
70:
66:
62:
52:
50:
47:
43:
39:
31:
23:
19:
1487:Gordon Stein
1312:Chris French
1277:Edward Clodd
1262:Derren Brown
1252:Ruth Brandon
1237:David Abbott
1160:Chico Xavier
1120:Doris Stokes
1095:Jane Roberts
1025:Oliver Lodge
1010:Allan Kardec
990:William Hope
925:Leslie Flint
909:
890:Helen Duncan
880:Frank Decker
875:Pearl Curran
860:Mina Crandon
845:Eva Carrière
820:Ada Besinnet
795:Derek Acorah
769:Spirit world
686:Spiritualism
637:Mr. Eglinton
636:
625:
616:
604:
600:Edward Clodd
592:
564:
556:
548:
540:
525:
502:
497:
482:
474:
459:
454:
439:
431:
416:
408:
400:
392:
384:
376:
368:
363:
355:
347:
326:
323:Randi, James
317:
302:
294:
279:
271:
255:
247:
232:
205:
200:
192:
142:Harry Kellar
139:
111:
92:
73:
58:
46:spiritualist
41:
37:
36:
18:
1533:1933 deaths
1528:1857 births
1462:James Randi
1452:Harry Price
1427:Joe Nickell
1412:Albert Moll
1377:David Marks
1307:Henry Evans
1155:Etta Wriedt
1150:Jack Webber
1115:Henry Slade
1100:William Roy
965:Alec Harris
960:Robert Hare
930:Arthur Ford
920:Fox sisters
915:Colin Evans
905:John Edward
805:Dan Aykroyd
1522:Categories
1492:Amy Tanner
1347:Carl Hertz
1085:Bert Reese
1000:Cecil Husk
950:Rita Goold
734:Mediumship
635:. (1886).
614:. (1887).
602:. (1917).
590:. (1905).
547:. (1922).
438:. (2002).
415:. (1988).
399:. (1972).
383:. (1886).
354:. (1920).
301:. (2010).
278:. (2005).
254:. (1985).
252:Paul Kurtz
231:. (2001).
191:. (1907).
173:References
146:levitation
1140:Ena Twigg
955:Jan Guzyk
935:Colin Fry
719:Ectoplasm
690:spiritism
55:Biography
1230:Skeptics
325:(1995).
161:See also
84:suitcase
65:séances
779:Theism
739:SĂ©ance
704:Apport
571:
532:
509:
489:
466:
446:
423:
335:
309:
286:
262:
239:
212:
49:medium
688:and
569:ISBN
530:ISBN
507:ISBN
487:ISBN
464:ISBN
444:ISBN
421:ISBN
333:ISBN
307:ISBN
284:ISBN
260:ISBN
237:ISBN
210:ISBN
97:and
1524::
517:^
221:^
181:^
123:.
678:e
671:t
664:v
341:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
