893:, in Canberra, where his wife is buried. The tablet was unveiled on 9 December 1930, on the final Duntroon graduation day before the college temporarily moved to Victoria Barracks, in Sydney, having been paid for by subscriptions from former AIF officers. His epitaph reads: "Major General Sir William Throsby Bridges KCB CMG died on 18 May 1915 from wounds received at Gallipoli peninsula whilst in command of the Australian Imperial Force. A gallant and erudite soldier, he was the first commandant of this College, where in recognition of faithful service his remains were publicly interred on Third September 1915". As an ex- Kingston cadet, Bridges' name is also listed on the Memorial Arch at the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario, and he is commemorated on the Canadian Virtual War Memorial and on page 566 of the Canadian First World War Book of Remembrance.
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After the initial landing, the
Australian and New Zealand troops established a beachhead around Anzac Cove, but during early May a period of stalemate followed as the Turkish defenders prevented them from advancing inland. Bridges suggested withdrawing the force, but he was over-ruled. During this
371:
in Sudan, the colony of New South Wales raised a military contingent consisting of an infantry battalion, with artillery and supporting units, for service with the
British. In an effort to enlist, Bridges travelled to Sydney from Narrabri, but by the time he had arrived, the force had already been
333:
Although tall, Bridges was of slight build and was not noted for his involvement in sport while at the college, spending most of his spare time reading; nevertheless, he became a keen canoeist as a cadet. Although he was a good student, he became unsettled and began failing his courses when his
395:
for training. Upon returning to
Australia in 1893 he became Chief Instructor at the Middle Head School of Gunnery. He was promoted to major in September 1895, and he held positions on several military committees and conferences. In late 1899 Bridges became one of four New South Wales officers
611:
to return from the First World War, due to quarantine restrictions. It is not clear when
Bridges met Sandy but after his death Sandy was cared for by a number of Army vets until, by order of the Minister of Defence, the horse was returned to Australia where he lived at the Remount Depot at
334:
family migrated to
Australia leaving him in Kingston. In June 1879, having received his Certificate of Military Qualifications, Bridges was permitted to leave the college, becoming its first drop out after his father paid a $ 100 fine to withdraw him. Travelling on the transport
376:, the Australian colonies began expanding their military forces, and on 19 May that year he was commissioned as a lieutenant into the New South Wales Artillery. Initially his appointment was only temporary, but he was later offered a permanent position.
314:, London, in 1871. He remained there until mid-1872 when his family moved to Canada, after his father was badly injured in an accident and forced to retire from the navy. For the next three years, Bridges was a boarder at the
286:—to reach the rank of major general, the first to command a division, and the first to receive a knighthood. He is one of only two Australians killed in action in the Great War to be interred in Australia.
596:, which was the same church in which his parents had married in 1858. They had seven children, three of whom died young. Bridges was survived by Edith and their four living children; one of his sons,
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On 10 October 1885, Bridges married Edith Lilian
Francis (1862–1926), daughter of Alfred John Dawson Francis and Margaret Agnes Anne Francis (formerly Wilson, born Green) at St John's Church,
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383:, after which he was posted there as a staff officer. In 1889 he qualified as a gunnery instructor and in October 1890, having been promoted to captain the month before, he was sent to the
514:(AIF). As this force was raised, Bridges convinced the government to graduate the first class of Duntroon cadets early. Once the force was raised, Bridges and his command sailed from
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576:. Bridges is the only identified Australian killed in the First World War to have had his body repatriated and buried on Australian soil. His funeral service was conducted at
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and
Fremantle, Western Australia in late October, bound for England, where they were to undertake a period of training before being committed to the fighting on the
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342:, New South Wales. Shortly after his arrival, he began working for the Department of Roads and Bridges at Braidwood, and by 1884 he had become an inspector in the
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Upon his return, Bridges took command of the
Brigade Division of Field Artillery as well as holding various staff appointments. In 1901 the Australian colonies
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298:, Scotland, the son of William Wilson Somerset Bridges, a Royal Navy captain, and his Australian wife, Mary Hill Throsby. He was educated at
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Group portrait of 1st
Division staff officers at Mena Camp, December 1914. Major General Bridges is in the front row, fifth from the left.
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557:. Infection set in but amputation was deemed impossible since he had lost so much blood. On 17 May 1915, Bridges was appointed a
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600:, later followed in his footsteps, serving on the Western Front, achieving the rank of major in the AIF and receiving the
400:. During his time in South Africa he took part in actions around Kimberley, Paardeberg and Driefontein before contracting
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1705: (archived 19 April 2010), Digger History: an unofficial history of the Australian & New Zealand Armed Forces
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time, Bridges inspected the front lines on a daily basis, despite the risks. On 15 May 1915, he was shot through the
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526:, where they landed on 1 December. In Egypt, Bridges set to work training his troops, which were organised as the
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510:, and was charged with the creation of an expeditionary force of 20,000 men for overseas service, known as the
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419:. Bridges undertook a quick succession of appointments: Assistant Quartermaster General of the Army HQ in
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338:, Bridges arrived in Sydney in August and joined his family who had settled in his mother's home town of
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homestead and in line with
Kitchener's recommendations, Bridges largely modelled Duntroon on the
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The following year Bridges undertook an artillery officers' course at the School of Gunnery at
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A Heritage of Spirit: A Biography of Major-General Sir William Throsby Bridges K.C.B., C.M.G
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to be killed during the war. He was the first Australian officer—and the first graduate of
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2006:
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458:. On his way back to Australia, Bridges inspected various military academies, including
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330:, as part of the college's second intake, and was assigned the student number of 25.
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Sir William Throsby Bridges is memorialised by a memorial tablet in the Anglican
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in his right leg by a Turkish sniper. Dragged to safety, he was evacuated to the
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on an inspection tour, and he returned to Melbourne on 5 August 1914. He met the
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in October 1906. In 1909, he went to London as Australia's representative on the
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404:. After being evacuated to England, he returned to Australia in September 1900.
322:, Ontario. On 10 April 1877, at the age of 16, he entered the newly established
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478:. He remained commandant of the college until May 1914, when he was appointed
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General Bridges' grave at Duntroon. The consultant designer and architect was
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List of generals of the British Empire who died during the First World War
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1699:
Major General Sir William Throsby Bridges KCB CMG "The Father of the AIF"
1644:
Duntroon: A History of the Royal Military College of Australia, 1911–2001
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278:, where he died of wounds on 18 May 1915, becoming the first Australian
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Bloody Red Tabs: General Officer Casualties of the Great War 1914–1918
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Bridges was buried in Alexandria but in June his body was returned to
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MacDonald, Ian (2009). "William Throsby Bridges: Father of the AIF".
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580:. He was buried on 3 September 1915 at Duntroon on the slopes of
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He was also survived by his horse "Sandy", the only Australian
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Australian Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
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Maribyrnong, before being put down in 1923 due to ill health.
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1581:"Major-General Sir William Throsby Bridges, K.C.B., C.M.G."
1422:"Sandy – The Only Horse to Return from the First World War"
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Assistant Quartermaster General—Australian Military Forces
299:
1510:"First World War Service Record – William Throsby Bridges"
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Trinity College School Record, October 1946 – August 1947
522:. En route, the destination was changed from England to
1447:. Vol. 7. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
1377:
36 Days: The Untold Story Behind the Gallipoli Landings
2108:
1737:
as General Officer Commanding, the Forces of Australia
1543:
987:
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223:
General Bridges is listed on the Memorial Arch at the
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Australian Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
1397:
Canada's RMC: A History of the Royal Military College
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seconded to serve with British Army units during the
565:, having died on board the hospital ship on 18 May.
2523:
Australian military personnel killed in World War I
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1420:
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1261:
683:Chief Instructor—New South Wales School of Gunnery
975:
805:Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George
771:
197:Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George
2558:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
1792:
1646:. Canberra: Royal Military College of Australia.
1359:. Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Press.
1204:
534:, Bridges' command was among the first ashore at
258:officer who was instrumental in establishing the
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374:concerns about Russian intentions in Afghanistan
1599:"Canadian Virtual War Memorial William Bridges"
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1529:"Honours and Awards – William Throsby Bridges"
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254:(18 February 1861 – 18 May 1915) was a senior
2528:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
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744:Inspector General—Australian Military Forces
665:Instructor—New South Wales School of Gunnery
1545:"Military Memorials in the National Capital"
476:United States Military Academy at West Point
354:
2533:Burials in the Australian Capital Territory
1578:
993:
647:Gunnery Officer—New South Wales Contingent
369:British campaign against the Dervish revolt
2513:19th-century Australian military personnel
2101:
2087:
1785:
1771:
1439:"Bridges, Sir William Throsby (1861–1915)"
1380:. Sydney, New South Wales: Pan Australia.
359:In early 1885, in response to the fall of
31:
2563:People educated at the Royal Naval School
1709:Major General Sir William Throsby Bridges
1661:Davies, Frank; Maddocks, Graham (2014) .
1624:
1601:. Veterans Affairs Canada. Archived from
787:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
559:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
193:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
1399:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
489:
218:
207:
2553:Royal Military College of Canada alumni
1394:
981:
262:and who served as the first Australian
2495:
721:Chief of the Australian General Staff
175:
2082:
1766:
1641:
1437:Coulthard-Clark, Christopher (1979).
1373:
1355:Coulthard-Clark, Christopher (1979).
1210:
532:Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
425:Chief of the Australian General Staff
1562:
1297:
498:When war broke out, Bridges was in
13:
2593:Military personnel from Inverclyde
1711:, biography, www.firstworldwar.com
1618:
1444:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1073:Australian Dictionary of Biography
485:
423:; Chief of Military Intelligence;
349:
14:
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741:Royal Military College, Duntroon
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442:In 1910 Bridges was promoted to
385:Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
324:Royal Military College of Canada
260:Royal Military College, Duntroon
225:Royal Military College of Canada
142:Royal Military College, Duntroon
88:Royal Military College, Duntroon
1490:"Bridges, William Throsby: KCB"
772:Honours, awards and decorations
470:. He chose the site of the old
1514:National Archives of Australia
1449:Australian National University
1157:First World War Service Record
719:Chief of Military Intelligence
578:St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne
506:, was promoted to the rank of
446:and, on the recommendation of
37:Major General William Bridges
1:
2568:Trinity College School alumni
908:
891:Church of St John the Baptist
594:Darlinghurst, New South Wales
372:raised. Nevertheless, due to
289:
38:
1550:. National Capital Authority
7:
1835:Chiefs of the General Staff
1805:General Officers Commanding
1496:. Commonwealth of Australia
896:
602:Distinguished Service Order
530:. On 25 April, as part the
239:Sir William Throsby Bridges
25:Sir William Throsby Bridges
10:
2609:
2588:Chiefs of Army (Australia)
1744:Chief of the General Staff
1343:
922:National Capital Authority
823:Queen's South Africa Medal
264:Chief of the General Staff
147:Chief of the General Staff
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2020:
1834:
1823:
1804:
1750:
1741:
1728:
1723:
1531:. Australian War Memorial
1424:. Australian War Memorial
1395:Preston, Richard (1969).
884:
764:Australian Imperial Force
516:Albany, Western Australia
512:Australian Imperial Force
363:and the death of General
355:Early career and Boer War
294:Born 18 February 1861 in
188:
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132:
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114:
102:
94:
82:
66:
46:
30:
23:
1748:1 January – 25 May 1909
1252:, pp. 5, 20 and 26.
427:, achieving the rank of
413:colonial military forces
2583:Immigrants to Australia
1334:Veterans Affairs Canada
1262:Australian War Memorial
875:Mentioned in Dispatches
563:Mentioned in Despatches
528:1st Australian Division
389:Royal School of Gunnery
306:, before attending the
272:1st Australian Division
201:Mentioned in Despatches
16:Australian Army general
1717:at www.aif.adfa.edu.au
1642:Moore, Darren (2001).
1629:. Autumn 2009: 26–27.
1579:Van Straubenzee, A.H.
538:, at the start of the
495:
452:Royal Military College
437:Imperial General Staff
431:in July 1902 and then
316:Trinity College School
232:
216:
1755:Sir John Charles Hoad
493:
222:
214:Walter Burley Griffin
211:
115:Years of service
2578:Immigrants to Canada
2548:People from Greenock
1374:Dolan, Hugh (2010).
1322:Coulthard-Clark 1979
1310:Coulthard-Clark 1979
1286:Coulthard-Clark 1979
1274:Coulthard-Clark 1979
1250:Coulthard-Clark 1979
1238:Coulthard-Clark 1979
1226:Coulthard-Clark 1979
1169:Coulthard-Clark 1979
1145:Coulthard-Clark 1979
1133:Coulthard-Clark 1979
1121:Coulthard-Clark 1979
1109:Coulthard-Clark 1979
1097:Coulthard-Clark 1979
1085:Coulthard-Clark 1979
1042:Coulthard-Clark 1979
1030:Coulthard-Clark 1979
1018:Coulthard-Clark 1979
1006:Coulthard-Clark 1979
970:Coulthard-Clark 1979
958:Coulthard-Clark 1979
946:Coulthard-Clark 1979
934:Coulthard-Clark 1979
572:where he received a
2518:Australian generals
2110:Australian generals
1675:Pen and Sword Books
1627:Australian Heritage
1566:. St Johns Canberra
1171:, pp. 128–132.
1147:, pp. 116–119.
415:coalesced into the
1997:Lawrence O'Donnell
1199:Honours and Awards
739:Commandant of the
694:Lieutenant Colonel
540:Gallipoli campaign
504:Australian cabinet
496:
429:lieutenant colonel
411:, and the various
308:Royal Naval School
233:
217:
171:Gallipoli Campaign
2573:British emigrants
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2452:Sinclair-MacLagan
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1761:
1760:
1751:Succeeded by
1738:
1724:Military offices
1684:978-1-78346-237-7
1458:978-0-522-84459-7
1087:, pp. 22–38.
1032:, pp. 20–21.
1020:, pp. 16–17.
1008:, pp. 13–15.
972:, pp. 10–11.
882:
881:
855:British War Medal
769:
768:
762:Commander of the
732:Brigadier General
480:Inspector General
444:brigadier general
344:Narrabri district
270:he commanded the
229:Kingston, Ontario
206:
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2447:Sinclair-Burgess
2337:Macarthur-Onslow
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1977:Arthur MacDonald
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2127:Anderson, S. M.
2122:Anderson, R. M.
2113:
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2077:
2072:
2016:
1987:Phillip Bennett
1972:Francis Hassett
1917:Brudenell White
1882:Brudenell White
1842:William Bridges
1830:
1821:
1800:
1798:Australian Army
1791:
1757:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1703:Wayback Machine
1695:
1685:
1671:South Yorkshire
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1621:
1619:Further reading
1608:
1606:
1605:on 19 July 2011
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948:, pp. 8–9.
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936:, pp. 6–7.
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2028:John Sanderson
2024:
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2021:Chiefs of Army
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2012:John Sanderson
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
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1982:Donald Dunstan
1979:
1974:
1969:
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1944:
1939:
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1932:Vernon Sturdee
1929:
1927:John Northcott
1924:
1922:Vernon Sturdee
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1914:
1912:John Northcott
1909:
1907:Ernest Squires
1904:
1899:
1894:
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266:. During the
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19:
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2068:Simon Stuart
2063:Richard Burr
1892:Walter Coxon
1841:
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1643:
1626:
1607:. Retrieved
1603:the original
1587:. Retrieved
1583:
1568:. Retrieved
1552:. Retrieved
1533:. Retrieved
1517:. Retrieved
1498:. Retrieved
1493:
1478:. Retrieved
1442:
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982:Preston 1969
977:
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941:
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924:, p. 5.
917:
888:
839:1914–15 Star
716:October 1906
606:
591:
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406:
393:Shoeburyness
378:
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335:
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238:
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154:Battles/wars
137:1st Division
76:
72:(1915-05-18)
18:
2508:1915 deaths
2503:1861 births
2397:Pethebridge
2043:Peter Leahy
2002:John Coates
1962:Thomas Daly
1957:John Wilton
1952:Reg Pollard
1942:Henry Wells
1877:James Legge
1862:James Legge
759:August 1914
609:Waler horse
387:and to the
381:Middle Head
367:during the
70:18 May 1915
2497:Categories
2412:Ramaciotti
2232:Gellibrand
1817:Harry Finn
1733:Harry Finn
1211:Dolan 2010
909:References
640:Lieutenant
536:Anzac Cove
500:Queensland
468:West Point
290:Early life
95:Allegiance
62:, Scotland
53:1861-02-18
2427:Rosenthal
2422:Robertson
2347:MacLaurin
2257:Griffiths
2182:Christian
2007:John Grey
1847:John Hoad
1635:1832-8091
1564:"History"
1519:8 October
1467:1833-7538
698:July 1902
629:Position
570:Melbourne
460:Sandhurst
421:Melbourne
409:federated
340:Moss Vale
336:Zealandia
320:Port Hope
312:New Cross
276:Gallipoli
118:1885–1915
98:Australia
2442:Sellheim
2402:Phillips
2372:Meredith
2367:McNicoll
2312:Johnston
2262:Grimwade
2237:Glasfurd
2147:Birdwood
1667:Barnsley
1609:12 April
1589:12 April
1570:12 April
1554:12 April
1535:12 April
1500:12 April
1480:12 April
1475:70677943
1428:12 April
1415:Websites
1298:St Johns
897:See also
736:May 1910
644:May 1885
472:Campbell
464:Woolwich
456:Duntroon
361:Khartoum
328:Kingston
296:Greenock
284:Kingston
133:Commands
103:Service/
60:Greenock
2462:Stewart
2387:Parnell
2362:McGlinn
2272:Herring
2247:Goddard
2242:Glasgow
2222:Forsyth
2212:Elliott
2177:Chauvel
2162:Bridges
2137:Bennett
1796:of the
1715:Bridges
1701:at the
1344:Sources
712:Colonel
658:Captain
433:colonel
402:typhoid
302:on the
173: (
2482:Wisdom
2477:Wilson
2417:Rankin
2377:Monash
2352:Martin
2342:Mackay
2307:Jobson
2297:Irving
2292:Hughes
2282:Holmes
2227:Foster
2197:Davies
2172:Cannan
2167:Browne
2152:Blamey
2132:Antill
1794:Chiefs
1681:
1650:
1633:
1473:
1465:
1455:
1403:
1384:
1363:
885:Legacy
554:Gascon
466:, and
189:Awards
149:(1909)
105:branch
83:Buried
77:At sea
2472:White
2467:Tivey
2457:Smith
2437:Ryrie
2392:Paton
2382:Moore
2357:McCay
2327:Lloyd
2322:Legge
2317:Leane
2287:Howse
2277:Hobbs
2267:Heane
2252:Grant
2217:Foott
2202:Dodds
2192:Coxen
2157:Brand
1548:(PDF)
1349:Books
807:(CMG)
789:(KCB)
676:Major
524:Egypt
318:, at
249:
247:,
2432:Ryan
2407:Pope
2332:Long
2302:Jess
1679:ISBN
1648:ISBN
1631:ISSN
1611:2013
1591:2013
1572:2013
1556:2013
1537:2013
1521:2014
1502:2013
1482:2013
1471:OCLC
1463:ISSN
1453:ISBN
1430:2013
1401:ISBN
1382:ISBN
1361:ISBN
626:Date
623:Rank
300:Ryde
123:Rank
67:Died
47:Born
41:1914
2187:Cox
454:at
391:at
326:in
310:at
274:at
251:CMG
244:KCB
227:in
176:DOW
2499::
1677:.
1673::
1669:,
1665:.
1512:.
1492:.
1469:.
1461:.
1451:.
1441:.
1218:^
1191:^
1176:^
1049:^
604:.
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542:.
462:,
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346:.
241:,
39:c.
2102:e
2095:t
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231:.
179:)
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
