Whooping crane - Knowledge

930:, by a cooperative effort led by the U.S. and Canadian Whooping Crane Recovery Team in 1993. A total of 289 captive-bred birds provided by the International Crane Foundation were released in the wild between 1993 and 2004. Though in 2003 the population had produced the first chick conceived in the wild to reintroduced cranes, a decision was made in 2005 to release no further birds into the population until problems with high mortality and poor reproductive success were resolved. Studies of the population were discontinued in 2012. The population numbered about 50 adults and 4 chicks in October 2006 but subsequently dwindled to just 14 cranes in March 2018. The Fish and Wildlife Service proposed a plan to relocate the surviving Kissimmee crane population to join the newer Louisiana reintroduced non-migratory flock, and due to the lack of available mates, two Florida birds were moved to Louisiana in February 2019, including the mother of the first wild-born chick. As of 2020, there were just 9 birds remaining in the Florida population, with another relocated to Louisiana in 2021. 1018:

began to form pairs and nest, producing the population's first eggs, although since the parents were still juveniles these eggs were infertile. The next year saw fertile eggs but none survived to hatching. However, in April 2016 a pair of reintroduced cranes hatched two chicks, one of which survived to fledge, represented the first in the wild in Louisiana since 1939. Starting in 2017, a novel strategy was introduced: eggs in the process of hatching, taken from captive birds, were swapped into Louisiana nests in place of infertile eggs, allowing the chicks to be raised by substitute crane parents in the wild. In 2018, a combination of naturally-laid and substituted eggs added five wild-raised juveniles to the population, which all survived to fledge. As of August 2018, 125 birds had been released, with at least 65 surviving, while in 2020 following further releases, relocations from Florida, and several wild fledgings, there were 76 birds in this population.

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2006, she and her mate were the first eastern captive raised and released pair to successfully raise a chick to adulthood in the wild. This was a particular blow to that population because whooping cranes do not yet have an established successful breeding situation in the East. On March 30, 2011, Wade Bennett, 18, of Cayuga, Indiana and an unnamed juvenile pleaded guilty to killing First Mom. After killing the crane, the juvenile had posed holding up her body. Bennett and the juvenile were sentenced to a $ 1 fine, probation, and court fees of about $ 500, a penalty which was denounced by various conservation organizations as being too light. The prosecuting attorney has estimated that the cost of raising and introducing to the wild one whooping crane could be as much as $ 100,000. Overall, the International Crane Foundation estimates that the nearly 20% of deaths among the reintroduced cranes in the Eastern Migratory Population are due to shootings.

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appeals court eventually granted a stay in the order during the appeals process. The Guadalupe-Blanco and San Antonio river authorities joined TCEQ in the lawsuit, warning that restricting the use of their waters would have serious effects on the cities of New Braunfels and San Marcos as well as major industrial users along the coast. To address the potential of future crowding that may result from the increasing migratory population, in 2012 and following years, purchases of small plots of land and acquisition of conservation easements covering larger areas has led to the protection of tens of thousands of additional acres of potential coastal habitat near the Aransas reserve. A large purchase of over 17,000 acres in 2014 was paid for with $ 35 million made available from the settlement over the

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anywhere from 1.24 to 1.6 m (4 ft 1 in to 5 ft 3 in) in height. Wingspan, at least typically, is from 2 to 2.3 m (6 ft 7 in to 7 ft 7 in). Widely reported averages put males at a mean mass of 7.3 kg (16 lb), while females weigh 6.2 kg (14 lb) on average (Erickson, 1976). However, one small sample of unsexed whooping cranes weighed 5.82 kg (12.8 lb) on average. Typical weights of adults seem to be between 4.5 and 8.5 kg (9.9 and 18.7 lb). The body length, from the tip of the bill to the end of the tail, averages about 132 cm (4 ft 4 in). The standard linear measurements of the whooping cranes are a wing chord length of 53–63 cm (21–25 in), an exposed

551: 967:, working with the larger Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership (WCEP), which oversees all aspects of the reintroduced Eastern Migratory Population. Subsequent to hatching, the Operation Migration cranes were taught to follow the ultralight, fledged over their future breeding territory in Wisconsin, and led by the aircraft on their first migration from Wisconsin to Florida. Having learned the migratory route, they then returned north on their own the following spring. With the growth of this reintroduced population, WCEP also began releasing captive-reared juvenile cranes directly into the flock to learn migratory behavior from their peers, in a process referred to as Direct Autumn Release (DAR). 800:

bred. At the same time, the wild population was not thriving. In spite of the efforts of conservationists, hunting bans and educational programs, the aging wild population would gain only 10 birds in the first 25 years of monitoring, with entire years passing without a single new juvenile joining those that returned to the Texas wintering grounds. This led to a renewed tension between those who favored efforts to preserve the wild population and others seeing a captive breeding program as the only hope for whooping crane survival, even though it must depend on individuals withdrawn from the extremely-vulnerable wild population.

791:, which gave the Conservation movement some opportunity to update the public on their efforts to save the whooping crane from extinction. His initial efforts focused on public education, particularly among farmers and hunters. Beginning in 1961, the Whooping Crane Conservation Association (WCCA), was established to improve the status of the whooping cranes. This non-profit organization functioned largely by influencing federal, state and provincial political decisions and educating the general public about the critical status of the bird. The whooping crane was declared endangered in 1967. 291:), it is one of only two crane species native to North America, and it is also the tallest North American bird species. The whooping crane's lifespan is estimated to be 22-24 years in the wild. After being pushed to the brink of extinction, due to unregulated hunting and loss of habitat, and just 21 wild (and two captive) cranes remaining by 1941, conservation efforts would lead to a partial recovery. The total number of cranes in the surviving migratory population, plus three reintroduced flocks and in-captivity, only slightly exceeds 800 birds as of 2020. 774:. Even with hunting bans, illegal hunting has continued in spite of potential substantial financial penalties and possible prison time. The population went from an estimated 10,000+ birds before the settling of Europeans on the continent to 1,300-1,400 birds by 1870. By 1938 there were just 15 adults in a single migratory flock, plus about thirteen additional birds living in a non-migratory population in Louisiana, but the latter were scattered by a 1940 hurricane that killed half of them, while the survivors never again reproduced in the wild. 1027:

imprisonment and a $ 2500 fine after pleading guilty to a killing in November 2014, and a Texas man was fined $ 25,000 for a January 2016 shooting and barred from possessing firearms during a 5-year probation period, on subsequent violation of which he was given an 11-month custodial sentence. On the other hand, a Louisiana man cited for a July 2018 shooting received probation, community service and hunting and fishing restrictions but no fine or firearms restriction. Two Louisiana juveniles were cited in 2018 for a May 2016 incident.

392: 861:. Their flock of 75 birds was moved in 2018 to join captive breeding programs at zoos or private foundations, including the Calgary Zoo, the International Crane Foundation, the Audubon Species Survival Center in Louisiana, and other sites in Florida, Nebraska, Oklahoma and Texas. This relocation is expected to negatively impact the reproductive success of the captive cranes, at least in the short term, and concerns were raised over its impact on the reintroduction efforts for which the Patuxent program had been providing birds. 629: 742: 104: 754:

breeding grounds in Canada over five years. It delivered interesting results, i.e. that besides a certain fraction of stable pairs with strong affinity to their territories, there is a big fraction of cranes who change partners and territories. Only one of the exciting results was to identify the "Lobstick" male when he still had his band; he later lost his band and was recognized by frequency analysis of his voice and then was confirmed to be over 26 years old and still productive.

935: 31: 445: 5303: 230: 1012:. In March 2011, 10 cranes were released, but all but three had been lost by the time a second group of 16 were released in December. Subsequent annual cohorts followed, ranging in size from 10 to 27 birds. In 2019, the population began receiving birds relocated from the failed Florida reintroduction effort with the arrival of a 21-year old reintroduced female and her wild-born 4-year-old daughter, followed by the transfer of a juvenile female in 2021. 62: 5327: 763: 5339: 5315: 5670: 804:

single chick, and both chicks would almost never survive to fledge. It was concluded that the removal of a single egg from a two-egg clutch should still leave a single hatchling most likely to survive, while providing an individual for captive breeding. Such removals in alternating years showed no decline in the reproductive success of the wild cranes. The withdrawn eggs were transferred to the

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incubation period is 29–31 days. Both parents brood the young, although the female is more likely to directly tend to the young. Usually no more than one young bird survives in a season. The parents often feed the young for 6–8 months after birth and the terminus of the offspring-parent relationship occurs after about 1 year.

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his 2003 death be the sire, grandsire or great-grandsire of 186 captive-bred whooping cranes. In 2017, the decision was made for the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center to end its 51-year effort to breed and train whooping cranes for release, due to changing priorities and in the face of budget cuts by the

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This reintroduction began in fall 2001 and added birds to the population in subsequent years. Two whooping crane chicks were hatched in the wild from one nest in 2006, to parents that had been part of the first ultralight-led release in 2002, and one of these survived to successfully migrate with her

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count in early 2017 estimated that 505 whooping cranes, including 49 juveniles, had arrived at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge that season. As of 2020, there were an estimated 677 birds living in the wild, in the remnant original migratory population as well as three reintroduced populations, while

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A major hurdle with some of these reintroduced populations has been deaths to illegal hunting. Over a period of two years, five of the approximately 100 whooping cranes in the Eastern Migratory Population were illegally shot and killed. One of the dead cranes was the female known as "First Mom". In

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has killed many captive-raised whooping cranes in Florida and Texas. In Florida, bobcats have caused the great majority of natural mortalities among whooping cranes, including several ambushed adults and the first chick documented to be born in the wild in 60 years. Adult cranes can usually deter or

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On average, the whooping crane is the fifth-largest extant species of crane in the world. Whooping cranes are the tallest bird native to North America and are anywhere from the third to the fifth heaviest species on the continent, depending on which figures are used. The species can reportedly stand

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due to a regulation prohibiting paid pilots of ultralight aircraft. After a month with the cranes kept in a pen, the FAA finally granted a one-time exemption to allow completion of the migration. In January 2016, citing the near-total failure of the hand-raised and guided birds to reproduce in the

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conditions, a federal court ordered TCEQ to develop a habitat protection plan for the crane and to cease issuing permits for waters from the San Antonio and Guadalupe rivers. A judge amended the ruling to allow TCEQ to continue issuing permits necessary to protect the public's health and safety. An

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Identification of the location of the summer breeding grounds of the whooping cranes at Wood Buffalo National Park in 1954 allowed more detailed study of their reproductive habits in the wild, and led to the observation that while many breeding pairs laid two eggs, rearing efforts seemed to favor a

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when aware of a predator's presence, but the captive-raised cranes haven't learned to roost in deep water, which makes them vulnerable to ambush. As they are less experienced, juvenile cranes may be notably more vulnerable to ambushes by bobcats. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center scientists believe

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The first project, carried out by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the Canadian Wildlife Service and initiated in 1975, involved cross-fostering second eggs from the wild population in the nests of sandhill cranes to establish a second self-sustaining flock using a flyway from Idaho

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would give rise to a robust multi-institutional captive breeding program that would supply the cranes used in several additional captive breeding and reintroduction programs. A single male crane, 'Canus', rescued in 1964 as an injured wild chick and taken to Patuxent in 1966, would by the time of

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in 1967 to Crip and his new mate, the wild-captured 'Rosie', to get her to lay a fertile egg through artificial insemination. Archibald pioneered several techniques to rear cranes in captivity, including the use of crane costumes by human handlers. Archibald spent three years with Tex, acting as a

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Illegal shootings have accounted for an even larger proportion of mortality among the birds introduced into the Louisiana population, with about 10% of the first 147 released cranes being shot and killed. Two juveniles were apprehended for a 2011 incident, a Louisiana man was sentenced to 45 days

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Concerns have been raised over the effects of climate change on the migratory cycle of the surviving wild population. The cranes arrive on their nesting grounds in April and May to breed and begin their nesting. When young whooping cranes are ready to leave the nest, they depart in September and

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Their calls are loud and can carry several kilometers. They express "guard calls", apparently to warn their partner about any potential danger. A crane pair jointly calls rhythmically ("unison call") after waking in the early morning, after courtship, and when defending their territory. The first

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The flock has established a range centered on southwestern Louisiana but also including central and northeastern Louisiana and east Texas, with an occasional stray found more broadly. None of the first released group survived to full maturity, but in the Spring of 2014 the second cohort of birds

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and the Aransas refuge. Josephine and Crip produced the first whooping crane born in captivity in 1950, but this chick only lived four days, and though decades of further efforts produced more than 50 eggs before Josephine's death in 1965, only four chicks survived to adulthood and none of them

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By recording guard and unison calls followed by frequency analysis of the recording, a "voiceprint" of the individual crane (and of pairs) can be generated and compared over time. This technique was developed by B. Wessling and applied in the wintering refuge in Aransas and also partially in the

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An adult whooping crane is white with a red crown and a long, dark, pointed bill. However, immature whooping cranes are cinnamon brown. While in flight, their long necks are kept straight and their long dark legs trail behind. Adult whooping cranes' black wing tips are visible during flight.

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Whooping cranes nest on the ground, usually on a raised area in a marsh. The female lays 1 or 2 eggs, usually in late-April to mid-May. The blotchy, olive-coloured eggs average 2½ inches in breadth and 4 inches in length (60 by 100 mm), and weigh about 6.7 ounces (190 g). The

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with the sad end of the story – the death of Tex shortly after the hatching of her one and only chick, named 'Gee Whiz'. Gee Whiz was successfully raised and mated with female whooping cranes. The techniques pioneered at Patuxent, the International Crane Foundation and a program at the

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In earlier years, whooping crane chicks were caught and banded in the breeding areas of Wood Buffalo National Park. Although this delivered valuable insight into individual life history and behaviour, it has been discontinued due to risks to the cranes and the people involved.

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Allen had begun an effort at captive breeding with a female crane named 'Josephine', the sole survivor of the Louisiana population, injured and taken into captivity in 1940, and two successive injured birds from the migratory population, 'Pete' and 'Crip', at the

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wild, the Fish and Wildlife Service made a decision to discontinue the ultralight program in favor of alternatives with reduced human interaction. In June 2018, the size of this population was estimated at 102 birds. This number had dropped to 86 birds in 2020.

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by failing to ensure adequate water supplies for the birds' range. The group attributes the deaths of nearly two dozen whooping cranes in the winter of 2008 and 2009 to inadequate flows from the San Antonio and Guadalupe rivers. In March 2013 during continuing

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McNulty, Faith, The Wildlife Stories of Faith McNulty, Chap. 6 "The Whooping Crane" (pages 121–309), Doubleday 1980 (Chap. 6 was originally published as a book of the same title by E.P. Dutton in 1966). Much of her account deals with the work of

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in Central Texas in the 2011/2012 winter season. Drought conditions in 2011 exposed much of the lake bed, creating ample feeding grounds for these cranes just as they were taking their autumn migration through Texas.

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on their sandhill foster parents. The project was discontinued in 1989, and no members of this population survived. The initiation of this effort and the problem of imprinting are explored in the 1976 documentary

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Nutritional Value of Winter Foods for Whooping Cranes Jay T. Nelson, R. Douglas Slack and George F. Gee The Wilson Bulletin Vol. 108, No. 4 (Dec., 1996), pp. 728-739 (12 pages) Published By: Wilson Ornithological

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approaches, would give impetus to the first, unsuccessful attempt at reintroduction, by swapping whooping crane eggs into the nests of the more numerous sandhill cranes as a way to establish a backup population.

424:. All three other birds are at least 30% smaller than the whooping crane. Herons and storks are also quite different in structure from the crane. Larger individuals (especially males of the larger races) of 2157:

Draft Environmental Assessment: A Proposal to Translocate Whooping Cranes from a Discontinued Non-Essential Experimental Population (BEP) in Central Florida to an Ongoing NEP in Southwestern Louisiana

3415:"Statement in response to questions pertaining to the prosecution and conviction of those individuals involved in the death of a whooping crane on December 1, 2009" "Vermilion Country Government" 714:) are a significant food source for whooping cranes wintering at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, constituting up to 90 percent of their energy intake in two winters; 1992–93 and 1993–94. 5819: 488:, United States, and these have subsequently expanded their summer range in Wisconsin and surrounding states, while reintroduced experimental non-migratory populations have nested in 1621:

Parents separate from their young of the previous year at the beginning of spring migration, while in route to the breeding grounds, or soon after arrival on the breeding grounds.

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The wild cranes winter in marshy areas along the Gulf Coast in and surrounding the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge. An environmental group, The Aransas Project, has sued the

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across Utah to New Mexico. The 289 transplanted eggs resulted in 85 chicks that learned to migrate, but the whooping cranes failed to mate with other whooping cranes due to

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Due to the vulnerability and low reproductive success of the Florida non-migratory population, a new effort was made to establish a non-migratory population in Louisiana's

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Whooping cranes are believed to have been naturally rare, and major population declines caused by habitat destruction and overhunting led them to them become critically

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A third attempt has involved reintroducing the whooping crane to a new flyway established east of the Mississippi river, with its southern end just west of the

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In 1976, with the wild population numbering only 60 birds and having increased at an average of only one bird per year over the past decades, ornithologist

2828: 2472: 2070: 2045: 3524: 2981: 2891: 2519: 1684: 733:, is an important food for migrating whooping cranes, but they do not swallow gizzard stones; they digest grain less efficiently than sandhill cranes. 2014: 4215: 2193: 5940: 2734: 996:, the home of the historical non-migratory population of whooping cranes. This is a cooperative effort of the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the 868:

counted 266 birds at Wood Buffalo National Park, with 73 mating pairs that produced 80 chicks, 39 of which completed the fall migration, while a

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Dance, Scott (12 October 2018). "End of an era: 50-year-old whooping crane breeding program coming to a close at Maryland's Patuxent refuge".

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177 birds were at the time held in captivity at 17 institutions in Canada and the United States, putting the total population at over 800.

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Red River Chloride Control Project, Supplement I to the FEIS: Environmental Impact Statement, United States. Army. Corps of Engineers,1995

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Putnam, Michael & Partida, Ruth & Gomez, Suix & Lacy, Anne. (2008). The Whooping Crane in Mexico: Past, Present, and Future?.

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Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis

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have killed some young whooping cranes and fledglings. Due to their large size, adult birds in the wild have few predators. However,

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as North America but this has been restricted to the Hudson Bay. The whooping crane is now one of eight species placed in the genus

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Metzger, Kristine L.; Lehnen, Sarah E.; Sesnie, Steven E.; Butler, Matthew J.; Pearse, Aaron T.; Harris, Grant (2020-10-01).

1418: 1202: 993: 5958: 3649: 3418: 3367:"Citizen Tip Leads to Closure of Whooping Crane Shooting in Indiana" "U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service News", 18 April 2011 2648: 1710: 237:

Distribution map of the whooping crane. blue: breeding, orange: wintering, green: year-round, grey: experimental year-round

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can overlap in size with adult whooping cranes but are obviously distinct at once for their gray rather than white color.

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that this is due to an overpopulation of bobcats caused by the absence or decrease in larger predators (the endangered

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male crane – walking, calling, dancing – to shift her into reproductive condition. As Archibald recounted the tale on

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At one time, the range for the whooping crane extended throughout midwestern North America as well as southward to

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in Oklahoma is a major migratory stopover for the crane population, hosting over 75% of the species annually.

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These birds forage while walking in shallow water or in fields, sometimes probing with their bills. They are

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had described and illustrated the crane using a preserved specimen that had been brought to London from the

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Young whooping cranes destined for the Eastern Migratory Population of reintroduced birds completing their

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Breeds whooping cranes for reintroduction projects and is a research center for all of the world's cranes.

2021: 5783: 5343: 4200: 2895: 1258: 891: 477: 342: 5919: 5788: 2570:"Are whooping cranes destined for extinction? Climate change imperils recruitment and population growth" 5660: 3982: 2921: 2740: 1298: 1085: 1005: 858: 465: 3498:"The Beaumont Man Who Killed Two Whooping Cranes Fined And Barred From Owning Firearms For Five Years" 527:, and portions of the Lamar Peninsula and Welder Point, which is on the east side of San Antonio Bay. 524: 6062: 5762: 3897: 3887: 2660: 1938:. Zoo Biology: Published in affiliation with the American Zoo and Aquarium Association, 25(1), 11–24. 1477: 865: 1519: 476:, Canada, and the surrounding area had become the last remnant of the former nesting habitat of the 6108: 5883: 5724: 4223: 4205: 1936:

Behavioral profiles of the captive juvenile whooping crane as an indicator of post‐release survival

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In 1957, the whooping crane was featured on a U.S. postage stamp supporting wildlife conservation.

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parents to Florida. In early February, 2007, 17 yearlings in a group of 18 were killed by the

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Several attempts have been made to establish other breeding populations outside of captivity.

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unison call ever recorded in the wild was taken in the whooping cranes' wintering area of the

6103: 6031: 5370: 4032: 3596: 2401: 2176: 1388: 473: 327: 198: 6023: 1227:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 142. 5855: 5775: 5744: 4660: 3525:"Local man convicted of killing whooping cranes headed to prison after violating probation" 2581: 1892: 1565: 997: 5906: 1247:(in English and French). Vol. 1. London: W. Innys and R. Manby. p. 75, Plate 75. 951:. This project used isolation rearing of young whooping cranes and trained them to follow 8: 5431: 4190: 4082: 4022: 3967: 3747: 3617: 3189:(Report). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2020. pp. 4, 10–11, 15–19. 1302: 1062: 964: 825: 778: 710: 563: 300: 51: 3625: 2585: 2381:

Report on Whooping Crane Recovery Activities: 2019 breeding season-2020 spring migration

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of 26–31 cm (10–12 in). The only other very large, long-legged white birds in

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Kreger, M. D., Hatfield, J. S., Estevez, I., Gee, G. F., & Clugston, D. A. (2006).

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In December 2011, the Operation Migration escort of nine cranes was interrupted by the

927: 833: 771: 599: 242: 98: 3572: 3286:"Five new whooping crane chicks a major boost for reintroduction of once-native birds" 2263: 1986:"Craneworld - Resumés: 7.3 Resumé 2003: Acoustic individual monitoring over six years" 6018: 5806: 5567: 5512: 5326: 5099: 5046: 4996: 4139: 4129: 4072: 3872: 3867: 3807: 2794: 2704: 2630: 2607: 2064: 1583: 1414: 1306: 1198: 787: 645: 405: 3483:"Gueydan Man Pleaded Guilty for Illegal Shooting of Whooping Crane in Federal Court" 1734: 1282: 1262: 1242: 864:

Meanwhile, the wild crane population began a steady increase, such that in 2007 the

391: 5811: 5627: 5493: 5398: 5363: 4965: 4107: 3779: 3689: 2597: 2589: 1722: 1573: 1080: 952: 843: 520: 417: 3653: 2386:(Report). Canadian Wildlife Service and US Fish & Wildlife Service. p. 9. 2093: 1222: 6049: 6005: 5873: 5798: 5390: 5197: 5025: 4495: 4017: 4002: 3940: 3839: 3767: 3577: 3422: 3416: 2408: 2113: 1278: 948: 837: 644:

but tend to be more inclined to animal material than most other cranes. Only the

613: 516: 512: 313: 6075: 5824: 5648: 5502: 5477: 5307: 5237: 5189: 5123: 5062: 5017: 5004: 4878: 4841: 4692: 4466: 4303: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4027: 4012: 3907: 3882: 3877: 3859: 3740: 3585: 2699:"Current Whooping Crane Flock Status". Whooping Crane Conservation Association. 2330: 1494: 1338: 1287:. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 152. 1192: 1036: 942:, from Wisconsin to Florida, in January 2009, following an ultralight aircraft. 813: 736: 504: 425: 333:. Linnaeus based his account on those by two English naturalists. In 1729–1732 284: 3485:(Press release). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 11 July 2017. 2215: 2106:"Endangered whooping crane shot and killed" "Animal Planet", 14 December 2009 1578: 1553: 926:

A second effort involved the establishment of a non-migratory population near

741: 6092: 5966: 5709: 5557: 5245: 5229: 5152: 5144: 4978: 4776: 4626: 4513: 4471: 4271: 4263: 4185: 4149: 4067: 3991: 3819: 3502: 2625:"Whooping Cranes On a Lost Path". US Fish & Wildlife Service. 2011-02-22. 1587: 1218: 1071: 848: 628: 409: 401: 304: 280: 215: 71: 2829:"Micanopy whooping crane part of effort to boost crane numbers in Louisiana" 2685: 5674: 5597: 5587: 5548: 5402: 5386: 5331: 5075: 4920: 4736: 4574: 4522: 4394: 4355: 4124: 4112: 4102: 4092: 3789: 3548:"Two cited for shooting endangered whooping cranes, obstruction of justice" 3404:"What Price Do We Put on an Endangered Bird?" "Smithsonian", 26 April 2011 3343:"One in Five Whooping Cranes Dies from Gunfire: Some are Trying to Stop It" 2984:(Report). Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership. December 2010. Archived from 2611: 2568:

Butler, Matthew J.; Metzger, Kristine L.; Harris, Grant M. (1 April 2017).

2139: 1238: 1107: 960: 956: 595: 591: 538: 363: 334: 322: 276: 175: 165: 3482: 3380:""Operation Migration Field Journal, entry All for a Buck", 29 April 2011" 3144: 3130: 3116: 3102: 934: 816:. Initial challenges getting the resultant birds to reproduce, even using 6010: 5979: 5927: 5718: 5522: 5136: 4983: 4789: 4768: 4757: 4722: 4589: 4579: 4537: 4428: 4295: 4097: 3922: 3917: 3849: 3834: 3802: 3669: 3145:

Eleven Juvenile Whooping Cranes Released into the Marsh at White Lake WCA

2473:"Easement Program Enhances and Restores Whooping crane Wintering Habitat" 853: 796: 583: 555: 413: 350: 39: 3133:(Report). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. December 2014. 3131:

14 Juvenile Whooping Cranes Added to Louisiana's Experimental Population

3105:(Report). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. December 2012. 2968:"Flock Status – 2011 May « Whooping Crane Conservation Association" 2892:"Rare Cranes Led on Migration Killed in Florida Storms, Only 1 Survives" 1784: 444: 30: 6070: 5896: 5847: 5617: 5394: 5253: 5115: 5054: 5033: 4865: 4849: 4784: 4729: 4701: 4633: 4598: 4476: 4324: 4159: 4134: 3892: 3147:(Report). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. January 2016. 3119:(Report). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. January 2014. 653: 587: 421: 376: 346: 273: 155: 3732: 3436:"A Whooping Crane's Killer Got Off Easy, Frustrating Conservationists" 2789:"Current Whooping Crane Flock Status". International Crane Foundation. 2593: 2285:"A 50-year effort to raise endangered whooping cranes comes to an end" 2242:"Man courts whooping crane for three years to save it from extinction" 5422: 5213: 5168: 4957: 4750: 4667: 4651: 4640: 4550: 4486: 4445: 4144: 3945: 3932: 3912: 3812: 3008:"Whooping cranes are cleared for takeoff after getting FAA exemption" 1726: 762: 571: 567: 493: 485: 372: 229: 115: 5680: 3688:. International Crane Foundation, Baraboo, Wisconsin. Archived from 2877: 2475:. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service: Texas. Archived from 963:. The ultralight flights were managed by a non-profit organization, 5837: 5703: 5181: 4911: 4886: 4832: 4743: 4715: 4605: 4569: 4561: 4543: 4438: 4423: 4407: 4154: 4117: 3950: 3346: 3079:"Hope remains despite deadly year for whooping cranes in Louisiana" 2739:, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, archived from 897:

and an additional $ 15 million raised by a Texas parks non-profit.

836:, began working with 'Tex', a female whooping crane hatched at the 809: 689: 641: 617: 135: 5932: 1361:

Collar, J., Del Hoyo, J., Elliot, A., & Saragatal, J. (1996).

537:

As many as nine whooping cranes were observed at various times on

5860: 5757: 5091: 4944: 4823: 4708: 4674: 4612: 4433: 4287: 4279: 3972: 3844: 3829: 2766:"Whooping cranes didn't so well in Florida. Next stop: Louisiana" 2411:

Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. Retrieved February 10, 2014

886: 705: 657: 579: 515:

on the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge and along Sunset Lake in

489: 469: 43: 5385: 1512:"Craneworld - Kraniche in Bild und Ton: Schreikraniche im Duett" 785:, appeared as a guest challenger on the network television show 5532: 5221: 5160: 4936: 4928: 4857: 4797: 4681: 4619: 4502: 4169: 4164: 4042: 2982:

Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership December 2010 Project Update

1244:

The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands

1004:, the Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at 726: 708:. Six studies from 1946 to 2005 have reported that blue crabs ( 685: 648:

may have a more carnivorous diet among living cranes. In their

608: 603: 575: 457: 453: 339:

The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands

125: 3235:"It's a chick! Louisiana's 1st wild whooping crane since 1939" 3033:"Feds to end ultralight aircraft-led whooping crane migration" 2194:"Tex, the whooping crane who needed a little encouragement..." 1781:"USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Whooping Crane Report" 1056: 1054: 1052: 6044: 5832: 5107: 4894: 4457: 2423:"Texas Ordered to Supply Water to Endangered Whooping Cranes" 2218:. YouTube - International Crane Foundation. 28 October 2010. 1709:

Wright, Greg D.; Harner, Mary J.; Chambers, James D. (2014).

1504: 1499:

A chorus of cranes: the cranes of North America and the world

1363:

Handbook of the birds of the World. Volume 3. Hoatzin to auks

722: 718: 701: 697: 669: 649: 508: 461: 318: 88: 82: 1554:"Identifying sustainable winter habitat for whooping cranes" 955:, a method of re-establishing migration routes pioneered by 737:

Individual recognition, territorial and partnership fidelity

5083: 4450: 4413: 4383: 3797: 3763: 3117:

Fourth Cohort of Whooping Cranes Released at White Lake WCA

2688:. Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, State of Louisiana. 2052:. 12 January 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-01-15 1049: 730: 693: 681: 677: 673: 661: 145: 3458:"Two whooping cranes found dead in Jefferson Davis Parish" 3160:"Louisiana milestone: wild-hatched whooping crane turns 1" 3103:

Third Cohort of Whooping Cranes Released at White Lake WCA

1307:"Finfoots, flufftails, rails, trumpeters, cranes, Limpkin" 562:

Their many potential nest and brood predators include the

5205: 4062: 3824: 3223:(Report). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 3206:(Report). Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2856:. Whooping Crane Conservation Association. Archived from 2520:"Whoopers expand territory along Mission River and delta" 1551: 665: 1472: 1470: 1468: 337:

had described and illustrated the whooping crane in his

3729:

Western Migatory Population, Whooping Crane Information

2854:"Florida Whooping Crane Non-Migratory Flock (Synopsis)" 2500:. Whooping Crane Conservation Association. Spring 2012 2142:. National Film Board/Office national du film, Canada. 1949:

The cranes: status survey and conservation action plan

1197:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 1060: 672:. Potential foods of breeding birds in summer include 5658: 2498:"Critical Whooping Crane Wintering Grounds Purchased" 2397: 2395: 2393: 2266:. Whooping Crane Conservation Association. 2013-02-25 2162:(Report). U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. June 2017. 1465: 602:

have taken a few whooping cranes in Florida, and the

3721:

International Crane Foundation's Whooping Crane page

3313:"Ville Platte Man Cited for Shooting Whooping Crane" 3157: 3030: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1708: 1297: 367:

that was introduced in 1760 by the French zoologist

4354: 2567: 2545:"Texas Buys Conservation Land With Oil Spill Money" 1856:"Bobcat's A Suspect After 4 Whooping Cranes Killed" 3632:. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 2922:"Single Whooping Crane survives Florida tornadoes" 2390: 1918:"Bobcats Thin Flock Of Endangered Whooping Cranes" 1749:"Whooping Crane - - Birds of North America Online" 1478:"Whooping Crane - - Birds of North America Online" 1086:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22692156A181242855.en 404:length of 11.7–16 cm (4.6–6.3 in) and a 317:. He placed it with the herons and cranes in the 2686:"FAQ: Whooping Crane Reintroduction in Louisiana" 2402:Texas Water Report: Going Deeper for the Solution 2349:"Whooping Crane Survey Results: Winter 2017–2018" 1768: 1460:The myology of the whooping crane, Grus americana 880:(TCEQ), maintaining that the agency violated the 652:wintering grounds, this species feeds on various 283:, named for its “whooping” calls. Along with the 6090: 3573:Natural History article by Paul Johnsgard (1982) 2764:Behrendt, Barbara; Pittman, Craig (2018-03-08). 2086:"Endangered whooping crane shot to death in Ala" 2069:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1687:. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Archived from 607:avoid attacks by medium-sized predators such as 3336: 3334: 2999: 2763: 1947:Meine, C., & Archibald, G. (Eds.). (1996). 1685:"Species Status and Fact Sheet: WHOOPING CRANE" 1462:. Illinois biological monographs; v. 24, no. 2. 632:A whooping crane foraging on a cattle ranch in 3264:Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries 3176: 3005: 2378: 1893:"Coyote: How does a whooping crane handle it?" 1831:"WCEP: Second Whooping Crane Killed by Bobcat" 1002:Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries 5371: 3748: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2318: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2121: 4262: 3331: 2935: 2826: 2151: 2149: 1458:Fisher, H. I., & Goodman, D. C. (1955). 1334: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1237: 2822: 2820: 2447:"Texas acquires land for endangered cranes" 2327:"Whooping cranes sighted in record numbers" 2171: 2169: 439: 5378: 5364: 3755: 3741: 3433: 3283: 2970:. Whooping Crane Conservation Association. 2759: 2757: 2365: 2341: 2137: 2118: 901:follow the migratory trail through Texas. 847:in 1982, he stunned the audience and host 228: 60: 29: 3672:. Whooping Crane Conservation Association 3489: 3315:. KATC.com. 2 August 2018. Archived from 3184:2019-2020 Louisiana Whooping Crane Report 3151: 3076: 2945:. Operation Migration Inc. Archived from 2601: 2146: 2100: 1912: 1910: 1577: 1374:Soothill, E., & Soothill, R. (1982). 1325: 1084: 878:Texas Commission on Environmental Quality 5419: 3713:images and movies of the Whooping Crane 3434:Wallington, Natalie (16 December 2019). 3307: 3305: 2817: 2680: 2678: 2264:"CANUS – 186 whooping crane descendants" 2166: 1381: 1217: 933: 761: 740: 627: 549: 443: 390: 16:Species of large bird from North America 3762: 2960: 2754: 1875:"Whooping crane flock loses 2nd member" 1806:"WCEP: Whooping Crane Killed by Bobcat" 1662:. National Park Service. Archived from 1408: 1257: 870:United States Fish and Wildlife Service 757: 6091: 3210: 3193: 2889: 2542: 2420: 2046:"Endangered whooping cranes shot dead" 1907: 1357: 1355: 1353: 1277: 1189: 1131: 1129: 1127: 503:Breeding populations winter along the 5685: 5684: 5359: 4247: 3736: 3623: 3603:. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 3545: 3495: 3427: 3302: 3057:"Eastern Migratory Population Update" 2914: 2675: 2517: 2379:Harrell, Wade; Bidwell, Mark (2020). 2324: 2309: 1632: 1611:. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 1391:. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 1313:. International Ornithologists' Union 994:White Lake Wetlands Conservation Area 5314: 3340: 3218:2014 Louisiana Whooping Crane Report 3201:2013 Louisiana Whooping Crane Report 3006:Royce-Bartlett, Lindy (2012-01-10). 2924:. BirdLife International. 2007-06-02 2470: 2077: 1872: 1660:"NPS NNL description of Salt Plains" 1195:: The Rise of Ecological Restoration 745:Head of a whooping crane in Florida. 532:Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge 5338: 3158:The Associated Press (2017-04-11). 3031:Tribune wire reports (2016-01-24). 2890:Walker, Cameron (5 February 2007). 2653: 2177:Whooping Crane Master Plan for 2007 2083: 2038: 1350: 1291: 1264:A Natural History of Uncommon Birds 1124: 1072:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 13: 5647:15 living species in four genera ( 3566: 1895:. Aransas National Wildlife Refuge 1409:Dunning, John B. Jr., ed. (2008). 371:. The species is considered to be 303:in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist 14: 6145: 4216:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds 3705: 3077:Tresaugue, Matthew (2012-01-09). 3059:. Operation Migration. 2018-06-06 1715:The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 1602:"Whooping Crane - Grus americana" 1411:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses 1389:"Whooping Crane (Grus americana)" 1137:"Whooping Crane (Grus americana)" 904: 806:Patuxent Wildlife Research Center 448:Whooping cranes breed in marshes. 6099:IUCN Red List endangered species 5668: 5337: 5325: 5313: 5302: 5301: 5192:(New World vultures and condors) 3650:"Whooping Crane: On a Lost Path" 3539: 3517: 3475: 3450: 3409: 3398: 3284:Couvillion, Ellyn (2018-08-20). 2663:. International Crane Foundation 2354:. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1311:IOC World Bird List Version 14.1 1284:Check-List of Birds of the World 1170:U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 482:Necedah National Wildlife Refuge 456:. By the mid-20th century, the 434:Aransas National Wildlife Refuge 102: 3634:Rocky Mountain Research Station 3372: 3361: 3277: 3252: 3227: 3137: 3123: 3109: 3095: 3070: 3049: 3024: 2974: 2883: 2871: 2846: 2782: 2727: 2692: 2618: 2561: 2536: 2511: 2490: 2464: 2439: 2414: 2303: 2277: 2256: 2234: 2222:from the original on 2021-12-21 2208: 2186: 2007: 1978: 1968: 1954: 1941: 1928: 1885: 1866: 1848: 1823: 1798: 1759: 1741: 1702: 1677: 1652: 1639:Fire Effects Information System 1626: 1594: 1558:Journal for Nature Conservation 1545: 1533: 1501:. University Press of Colorado. 1488: 1452: 1427: 1402: 1368: 1061:BirdLife International (2020). 984:Federal Aviation Administration 4248: 3241:. Associated Press. 2016-04-13 2421:Campoy, Ana (March 12, 2013). 1271: 1251: 1231: 1211: 1183: 1154: 1100: 1010:International Crane Foundation 975:2007 Central Florida tornadoes 830:International Crane Foundation 668:), small reptiles and aquatic 382: 1: 5920:whooping-crane-grus-americana 3670:"Whooping Crane Flock Status" 3546:Myers, Ben (April 10, 2018). 3260:"LW1-17 Hatches Successfully" 1542:. Downloaded on 04 March 2021 1042: 3341:Main, Douglas (2016-08-05). 2827:Cindy Swirko (May 5, 2019). 2543:Satija, Neena (2014-08-21). 2244:. Tree Hugger. June 30, 2015 2138:McKennirey, Michael (1976). 1345:. Indiana University Press. 781:, an ornithologist with the 545: 349:area of northeast Canada by 7: 6134:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 5256:(woodpeckers and relatives) 3496:Smith, Sonya (2016-10-26). 2896:National Geographic Society 2813:Archived on Wayback Machine 2723:Archived at Wayback Machine 2649:Archived at Wayback Machine 2524:Corpus Christi Caller-Times 2518:Sikes, David (2016-12-08). 2325:Unrau, Jason (2007-12-17). 1413:(2nd ed.). CRC Press. 1030: 478:Whooping Crane Summer Range 294: 10: 6150: 6114:Birds of the United States 5118:(cormorants and relatives) 4211:Extinct species since 1500 3636:, Fire Sciences Laboratory 1609:Texas Parks & Wildlife 959:and Joe Duff working with 466:Wood Buffalo National Park 5693: 5645: 5546: 5491: 5468: 5459: 5410: 5297: 5248:(kingfishers and rollers) 5180: 5135: 5102:(albatrosses and petrels) 5074: 5045: 5016: 4995: 4986:(swifts and hummingbirds) 4968:(nightjars and relatives) 4956: 4919: 4910: 4877: 4840: 4831: 4822: 4818: 4792:(pheasants and relatives) 4767: 4691: 4650: 4588: 4560: 4536: 4512: 4485: 4406: 4393: 4350: 4323: 4319: 4258: 4254: 4243: 4239: 4178: 4081: 3981: 3931: 3858: 3788: 3775: 2736:Florida's Whooping Cranes 1873:Long, Jeff (2001-12-20). 1579:10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125892 1376:Wading birds of the world 1190:Martin, Laura J. (2022). 1079:: e.T22692156A181242855. 866:Canadian Wildlife Service 357:. Linnaeus specified the 248: 241: 236: 227: 204: 197: 99:Scientific classification 97: 80: 58: 49: 37: 28: 23: 5147:(seriemas and relatives) 5126:(pelicans and relatives) 3624:Tesky, Julie L. (1993). 1305:, eds. (December 2023). 783:National Audubon Society 440:Distribution and habitat 395:Whooping crane in flight 369:Mathurin Jacques Brisson 6124:Birds described in 1758 5240:(hornbills and hoopoes) 5155:(falcons and relatives) 2182:(Report). January 2007. 818:artificial insemination 676:, small rodents, small 634:Osceola County, Florida 623: 299:The whooping crane was 6129:ESA endangered species 6119:Birds of North America 5224:(trogons and quetzals) 5036:(cranes and relatives) 4306:(emus and cassowaries) 4196:Glossary of bird terms 4008:Confuciusornithiformes 943: 882:Endangered Species Act 767: 746: 637: 559: 511:, United States, near 449: 436:during December 1999. 396: 6032:Paleobiology Database 5065:(kagu and sunbittern) 5028:(gulls and relatives) 4033:Songlingornithiformes 3998:Omnivoropterygiformes 3656:on September 28, 2006 2574:Ecology and Evolution 1753:bna.birds.cornell.edu 1641:. USDA Forest Service 1633:Tesky, Julie (1993). 1482:bna.birds.cornell.edu 937: 765: 744: 631: 553: 474:Northwest Territories 447: 394: 353:, an employee of the 4887:Phoenicopteriformes 2880:Operation Migration. 2291:. September 18, 2017 2140:"A Great White Bird" 1108:"Appendices | CITES" 998:US Geological Survey 859:Trump administration 828:, co-founder of the 777:In the early 1960s, 758:Conservation efforts 420:in Florida; and the 355:Hudson's Bay Company 5590:or Eurasian crane ( 5432:Black crowned crane 4858:Mesitornithiformes 4852:(doves and pigeons) 4186:Families and orders 4048:Ichthyornithiformes 4023:Patagopterygiformes 3618:Robert Porter Allen 3590:Cranes of the World 2902:on February 7, 2007 2586:2017EcoEv...7.2821B 2427:Wall Street Journal 1922:orlandosentinel.com 1860:orlandosentinel.com 1570:2020JNatC..5725892M 1343:Cranes of the World 965:Operation Migration 953:ultralight aircraft 826:George W. Archibald 779:Robert Porter Allen 711:Callinectes sapidus 616:and the extirpated 600:American alligators 564:American black bear 289:Antigone canadensis 279:species, native to 254:Linnaeus, 1758 52:Conservation status 5608:Black-necked crane 5442:Grey crowned crane 5200:(eagles and hawks) 5100:Procellariiformes 5005:Opisthocomiformes 4974:Steatornithiformes 4201:List by population 4038:Hongshanornithidae 3963:Evolution of birds 3727:Environment Canada 3421:2011-04-29 at the 3037:chicagotribune.com 2407:2014-02-22 at the 2216:"George & Tex" 2196:UPI. June 24, 1982 2112:2012-03-30 at the 1378:. Blandford Press. 1301:; Donsker, David; 944: 928:Kissimmee, Florida 921:A Great White Bird 834:Baraboo, Wisconsin 768: 747: 638: 560: 450: 397: 301:formally described 6086: 6085: 6019:Open Tree of Life 5687:Taxon identifiers 5656: 5655: 5641: 5640: 5568:Red-crowned crane 5513:White-naped crane 5455: 5454: 5353: 5352: 5293: 5292: 5289: 5288: 5285: 5284: 5281: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5265: 5264: 5086:(loons or divers) 5055:Phaethontiformes 5047:Phaethontimorphae 4997:Opisthocomiformes 4966:Caprimulgiformes 4906: 4905: 4895:Podicipediformes 4814: 4813: 4810: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4532: 4531: 4315: 4314: 4272:Struthioniformes 4140:Waterfowl hunting 4073:Gastornithiformes 4068:Aepyornithiformes 4058:Lithornithiformes 3464:. 11 October 2011 2802:Missing or empty 2712:Missing or empty 2638:Missing or empty 2594:10.1002/ece3.2892 2549:The Texas Tribune 2471:Stephens, Garry. 2451:Victoria Advocate 2312:The Baltimore Sun 1990:www.craneworld.de 1516:www.craneworld.de 1420:978-1-4200-6444-5 1303:Rasmussen, Pamela 1279:Peters, James Lee 1204:978-0-674-97942-0 1162:"Whooping Crane, 893:Deepwater Horizon 788:To Tell The Truth 646:red-crowned crane 260: 259: 190:G. americana 92: 75: 6141: 6079: 6078: 6066: 6065: 6053: 6052: 6040: 6039: 6027: 6026: 6014: 6013: 6001: 6000: 5988: 5987: 5975: 5974: 5962: 5961: 5949: 5948: 5936: 5935: 5923: 5922: 5910: 5909: 5900: 5899: 5887: 5886: 5877: 5876: 5864: 5863: 5851: 5850: 5841: 5840: 5828: 5827: 5815: 5814: 5802: 5801: 5792: 5791: 5779: 5778: 5766: 5765: 5763:B87D744DCD48ECC9 5753: 5752: 5740: 5739: 5729: 5728: 5727: 5714: 5713: 5712: 5682: 5681: 5673: 5672: 5671: 5664: 5628:Demoiselle crane 5466: 5465: 5462:(typical cranes) 5417: 5416: 5413:(crowned cranes) 5380: 5373: 5366: 5357: 5356: 5341: 5340: 5329: 5317: 5316: 5305: 5304: 5257: 5249: 5241: 5233: 5230:Leptosomiformes 5225: 5217: 5209: 5201: 5198:Accipitriformes 5193: 5172: 5171:(perching birds) 5164: 5156: 5148: 5127: 5119: 5111: 5103: 5095: 5092:Sphenisciformes 5087: 5066: 5058: 5037: 5029: 5026:Charadriiformes 5008: 4987: 4969: 4948: 4940: 4937:Musophagiformes 4932: 4917: 4916: 4898: 4890: 4869: 4861: 4853: 4838: 4837: 4829: 4828: 4820: 4819: 4793: 4780: 4558: 4557: 4554: 4547: 4460: 4453: 4417: 4404: 4403: 4400: 4391: 4390: 4387: 4352: 4351: 4348: 4347: 4321: 4320: 4307: 4299: 4291: 4283: 4275: 4260: 4259: 4256: 4255: 4245: 4244: 4241: 4240: 4108:Bird collections 4063:Dinornithiformes 3968:Darwin's finches 3958:Origin of flight 3898:Seabird breeding 3888:Sexual selection 3757: 3750: 3743: 3734: 3733: 3715:(Grus americana) 3701: 3699: 3697: 3686:"Whooping Crane" 3681: 3679: 3677: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3597:"Whooping Crane( 3578:Whooping Crane ( 3560: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3521: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3479: 3473: 3472: 3470: 3469: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3431: 3425: 3413: 3407: 3402: 3396: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3386:on 16 March 2009 3382:. Archived from 3376: 3370: 3365: 3359: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3338: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3319:on 2 August 2018 3309: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3296: 3281: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3246: 3231: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3214: 3208: 3207: 3205: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3180: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3170: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3141: 3135: 3134: 3127: 3121: 3120: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3089: 3074: 3068: 3067: 3065: 3064: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3043: 3028: 3022: 3021: 3019: 3018: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2993: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2954: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2930: 2929: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2898:. Archived from 2887: 2881: 2875: 2869: 2868: 2866: 2865: 2850: 2844: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2833:Daily Commercial 2824: 2815: 2811: 2805: 2800: 2798: 2790: 2786: 2780: 2779: 2777: 2776: 2761: 2752: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2731: 2725: 2721: 2715: 2710: 2708: 2700: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2682: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2661:"Whooping Crane" 2657: 2651: 2647: 2641: 2636: 2634: 2626: 2622: 2616: 2615: 2605: 2580:(8): 2821–2834. 2565: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2555: 2540: 2534: 2533: 2531: 2530: 2515: 2509: 2508: 2506: 2505: 2494: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2484: 2468: 2462: 2461: 2459: 2458: 2443: 2437: 2436: 2434: 2433: 2418: 2412: 2399: 2388: 2387: 2385: 2376: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2359: 2353: 2345: 2339: 2338: 2333:. Archived from 2322: 2316: 2315: 2307: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2271: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2238: 2232: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2212: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2190: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2173: 2164: 2163: 2161: 2153: 2144: 2143: 2135: 2116: 2104: 2098: 2097: 2092:. Archived from 2081: 2075: 2074: 2068: 2060: 2058: 2057: 2042: 2036: 2035: 2033: 2032: 2026: 2020:. Archived from 2019: 2011: 2005: 2004: 2002: 2001: 1992:. Archived from 1982: 1976: 1972: 1966: 1965: 1958: 1952: 1945: 1939: 1932: 1926: 1925: 1914: 1905: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1889: 1883: 1882: 1870: 1864: 1863: 1852: 1846: 1845: 1843: 1842: 1833:. Archived from 1827: 1821: 1820: 1818: 1817: 1808:. Archived from 1802: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1792: 1783:. Archived from 1777: 1766: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1745: 1739: 1738: 1727:10.1676/13-071.1 1706: 1700: 1699: 1697: 1696: 1681: 1675: 1674: 1672: 1671: 1656: 1650: 1649: 1647: 1646: 1635:"Grus americana" 1630: 1624: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1606: 1598: 1592: 1591: 1581: 1549: 1543: 1537: 1531: 1530: 1528: 1527: 1518:. Archived from 1508: 1502: 1495:Johnsgard, P. A. 1492: 1486: 1485: 1474: 1463: 1456: 1450: 1449: 1447: 1446: 1437:. Archived from 1435:"Whooping Crane" 1431: 1425: 1424: 1406: 1400: 1399: 1397: 1396: 1385: 1379: 1372: 1366: 1365:. Lynx Edicions. 1359: 1348: 1339:Johnsgard, P. A. 1336: 1323: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1295: 1289: 1288: 1275: 1269: 1268: 1255: 1249: 1248: 1235: 1229: 1228: 1215: 1209: 1208: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1178: 1176: 1158: 1152: 1151: 1149: 1147: 1133: 1122: 1121: 1119: 1118: 1104: 1098: 1097: 1095: 1093: 1088: 1058: 844:The Tonight Show 521:Matagorda Island 418:great blue heron 379:are recognised. 255: 232: 210: 107: 106: 86: 69: 64: 63: 33: 21: 20: 6149: 6148: 6144: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6138: 6109:Birds of Canada 6089: 6088: 6087: 6082: 6074: 6069: 6061: 6056: 6048: 6043: 6035: 6030: 6022: 6017: 6009: 6006:Observation.org 6004: 5996: 5991: 5983: 5978: 5970: 5965: 5957: 5952: 5944: 5939: 5931: 5926: 5918: 5913: 5905: 5903: 5895: 5890: 5882: 5880: 5872: 5867: 5859: 5854: 5846: 5844: 5836: 5831: 5823: 5818: 5810: 5805: 5797: 5795: 5787: 5782: 5774: 5769: 5761: 5756: 5748: 5743: 5737: 5732: 5723: 5722: 5717: 5708: 5707: 5702: 5689: 5679: 5669: 5667: 5659: 5657: 5652: 5649:List of species 5637: 5542: 5487: 5482:L. leucogeranus 5461: 5451: 5420: 5412: 5406: 5384: 5354: 5349: 5261: 5255: 5247: 5239: 5238:Bucerotiformes 5232:(cuckoo-roller) 5231: 5223: 5215: 5207: 5199: 5191: 5190:Cathartiformes 5176: 5170: 5162: 5161:Psittaciformes 5154: 5146: 5131: 5125: 5124:Pelecaniformes 5117: 5109: 5101: 5093: 5085: 5070: 5064: 5063:Eurypygiformes 5056: 5041: 5035: 5027: 5012: 5006: 4991: 4985: 4967: 4952: 4946: 4938: 4930: 4902: 4896: 4888: 4873: 4867: 4866:Pterocliformes 4859: 4851: 4802: 4791: 4778: 4763: 4687: 4646: 4584: 4549: 4548: 4541: 4540: 4528: 4508: 4481: 4458: 4451: 4411: 4410: 4398: 4397: 4381: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4311: 4305: 4304:Casuariiformes 4297: 4296:Apterygiformes 4289: 4281: 4273: 4250: 4235: 4206:Lists by region 4174: 4084: 4077: 4018:Chaoyangiformes 4003:Jeholornithidae 3977: 3941:Origin of birds 3927: 3908:Brood parasites 3854: 3784: 3771: 3761: 3708: 3695: 3693: 3684: 3675: 3673: 3668: 3659: 3657: 3648: 3639: 3637: 3606: 3604: 3595: 3569: 3567:Further reading 3564: 3563: 3553: 3551: 3544: 3540: 3530: 3528: 3523: 3522: 3518: 3508: 3506: 3494: 3490: 3481: 3480: 3476: 3467: 3465: 3456: 3455: 3451: 3441: 3439: 3432: 3428: 3423:Wayback Machine 3414: 3410: 3403: 3399: 3389: 3387: 3378: 3377: 3373: 3366: 3362: 3352: 3350: 3339: 3332: 3322: 3320: 3311: 3310: 3303: 3294: 3292: 3282: 3278: 3268: 3266: 3258: 3257: 3253: 3244: 3242: 3233: 3232: 3228: 3220: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3203: 3199: 3198: 3194: 3186: 3182: 3181: 3177: 3168: 3166: 3156: 3152: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3129: 3128: 3124: 3115: 3114: 3110: 3101: 3100: 3096: 3087: 3085: 3075: 3071: 3062: 3060: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3041: 3039: 3029: 3025: 3016: 3014: 3004: 3000: 2991: 2989: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2952: 2950: 2943:"Field Journal" 2941: 2940: 2936: 2927: 2925: 2920: 2919: 2915: 2905: 2903: 2888: 2884: 2878:Crane Migration 2876: 2872: 2863: 2861: 2852: 2851: 2847: 2837: 2835: 2825: 2818: 2803: 2801: 2792: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2774: 2772: 2770:Tampa Bay Times 2762: 2755: 2746: 2744: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2713: 2711: 2702: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2684: 2683: 2676: 2666: 2664: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2639: 2637: 2628: 2627: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2566: 2562: 2553: 2551: 2541: 2537: 2528: 2526: 2516: 2512: 2503: 2501: 2496: 2495: 2491: 2482: 2480: 2469: 2465: 2456: 2454: 2445: 2444: 2440: 2431: 2429: 2419: 2415: 2409:Wayback Machine 2400: 2391: 2383: 2377: 2366: 2357: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2346: 2342: 2323: 2319: 2308: 2304: 2294: 2292: 2289:Washington Post 2283: 2282: 2278: 2269: 2267: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2247: 2245: 2240: 2239: 2235: 2225: 2223: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2199: 2197: 2192: 2191: 2187: 2179: 2175: 2174: 2167: 2159: 2155: 2154: 2147: 2136: 2119: 2114:Wayback Machine 2105: 2101: 2096:on 4 July 2018. 2084:Shryock, John. 2082: 2078: 2062: 2061: 2055: 2053: 2044: 2043: 2039: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2017: 2015:"Craneworld.de" 2013: 2012: 2008: 1999: 1997: 1984: 1983: 1979: 1973: 1969: 1960: 1959: 1955: 1946: 1942: 1933: 1929: 1916: 1915: 1908: 1898: 1896: 1891: 1890: 1886: 1879:Chicago Tribune 1871: 1867: 1854: 1853: 1849: 1840: 1838: 1829: 1828: 1824: 1815: 1813: 1804: 1803: 1799: 1790: 1788: 1779: 1778: 1769: 1764: 1760: 1747: 1746: 1742: 1707: 1703: 1694: 1692: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1669: 1667: 1658: 1657: 1653: 1644: 1642: 1631: 1627: 1614: 1612: 1604: 1600: 1599: 1595: 1550: 1546: 1538: 1534: 1525: 1523: 1510: 1509: 1505: 1493: 1489: 1476: 1475: 1466: 1457: 1453: 1444: 1442: 1433: 1432: 1428: 1421: 1407: 1403: 1394: 1392: 1387: 1386: 1382: 1373: 1369: 1360: 1351: 1337: 1326: 1316: 1314: 1296: 1292: 1276: 1272: 1259:Edwards, George 1256: 1252: 1236: 1232: 1216: 1212: 1205: 1188: 1184: 1174: 1172: 1160: 1159: 1155: 1145: 1143: 1135: 1134: 1125: 1116: 1114: 1106: 1105: 1101: 1091: 1089: 1059: 1050: 1045: 1033: 949:Atlantic flyway 940:first migration 907: 838:San Antonio Zoo 814:sandhill cranes 760: 739: 626: 614:Florida panther 548: 442: 385: 326:and coined the 314:Systema Naturae 297: 253: 251:Ardea americana 223: 212: 206: 193: 101: 93: 76: 65: 61: 54: 24:Whooping crane 17: 12: 11: 5: 6147: 6137: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6080: 6076:Grus-americana 6067: 6054: 6041: 6028: 6015: 6002: 5989: 5976: 5963: 5950: 5937: 5924: 5911: 5907:whooping-crane 5901: 5888: 5878: 5865: 5852: 5842: 5829: 5825:grus-americana 5816: 5803: 5793: 5780: 5767: 5754: 5750:Grus_americana 5741: 5730: 5725:Grus americana 5715: 5699: 5697: 5695:Grus americana 5691: 5690: 5678: 5677: 5654: 5653: 5646: 5643: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5636: 5635: 5625: 5615: 5612:G. nigricollis 5605: 5595: 5585: 5578:Whooping crane 5575: 5565: 5562:G. carunculata 5554: 5552: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5540: 5530: 5520: 5510: 5503:Sandhill crane 5499: 5497: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5485: 5478:Siberian crane 5474: 5472: 5463: 5457: 5456: 5453: 5452: 5450: 5449: 5439: 5428: 5426: 5414: 5408: 5407: 5383: 5382: 5375: 5368: 5360: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5347: 5335: 5323: 5311: 5298: 5295: 5294: 5291: 5290: 5287: 5286: 5283: 5282: 5279: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5271: 5270: 5267: 5266: 5263: 5262: 5260: 5259: 5251: 5246:Coraciiformes 5243: 5235: 5227: 5222:Trogoniformes 5219: 5211: 5203: 5195: 5186: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5174: 5169:Passeriformes 5166: 5158: 5153:Falconiformes 5150: 5145:Cariamiformes 5141: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5129: 5121: 5113: 5108:Ciconiiformes 5105: 5097: 5089: 5080: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5068: 5060: 5051: 5049: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5039: 5031: 5022: 5020: 5018:Cursorimorphae 5014: 5013: 5011: 5010: 5001: 4999: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4989: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4962: 4960: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4950: 4942: 4934: 4925: 4923: 4914: 4908: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4900: 4892: 4883: 4881: 4879:Mirandornithes 4875: 4874: 4872: 4871: 4863: 4855: 4850:Columbiformes 4846: 4844: 4842:Columbimorphae 4835: 4826: 4816: 4815: 4812: 4811: 4808: 4807: 4804: 4803: 4801: 4800: 4795: 4787: 4782: 4777:Meleagridinae 4773: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4761: 4754: 4747: 4740: 4733: 4726: 4719: 4712: 4705: 4697: 4695: 4693:Odontophoridae 4689: 4688: 4686: 4685: 4678: 4671: 4664: 4656: 4654: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4644: 4637: 4630: 4623: 4616: 4609: 4602: 4594: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4566: 4564: 4555: 4534: 4533: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4518: 4516: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4506: 4499: 4491: 4489: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4479: 4474: 4472:Stictonettinae 4469: 4467:Dendrocygninae 4464: 4463: 4462: 4455: 4443: 4442: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4420: 4418: 4401: 4388: 4345: 4317: 4316: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4309: 4301: 4293: 4285: 4277: 4268: 4266: 4252: 4251: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4233: 4232: 4231: 4226: 4220:Notable birds 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4182: 4180: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4172: 4170:Egg collecting 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4121: 4120: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4089: 4087: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4053:Hesperornithes 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4028:Ambiortiformes 4025: 4020: 4015: 4013:Enantiornithes 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3987: 3985: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3954: 3953: 3948: 3937: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3864: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3816: 3815: 3805: 3800: 3794: 3792: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3782: 3776: 3773: 3772: 3760: 3759: 3752: 3745: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3724: 3718: 3707: 3706:External links 3704: 3703: 3702: 3682: 3666: 3646: 3628:Grus americana 3621: 3613: 3599:Grus americana 3593: 3586:Paul Johnsgard 3580:Grus americana 3575: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3561: 3550:. The Advocate 3538: 3516: 3488: 3474: 3462:www.kplctv.com 3449: 3426: 3408: 3397: 3371: 3360: 3330: 3301: 3276: 3251: 3226: 3209: 3192: 3175: 3150: 3136: 3122: 3108: 3094: 3069: 3048: 3023: 2998: 2973: 2959: 2934: 2913: 2882: 2870: 2845: 2816: 2781: 2753: 2743:on 13 May 2016 2726: 2691: 2674: 2652: 2617: 2560: 2535: 2510: 2489: 2463: 2438: 2413: 2389: 2364: 2340: 2337:on 2007-12-18. 2331:Canadian Press 2317: 2302: 2276: 2255: 2233: 2207: 2185: 2165: 2145: 2117: 2099: 2076: 2037: 2006: 1977: 1967: 1953: 1940: 1927: 1906: 1884: 1865: 1847: 1822: 1797: 1767: 1758: 1740: 1721:(1): 115–120. 1701: 1676: 1651: 1625: 1593: 1544: 1532: 1503: 1487: 1464: 1451: 1426: 1419: 1401: 1380: 1367: 1349: 1324: 1290: 1281:, ed. (1934). 1270: 1250: 1230: 1219:Linnaeus, Carl 1210: 1203: 1193:Wild by Design 1182: 1164:Grus americana 1153: 1141:tpwd.texas.gov 1123: 1099: 1065:Grus americana 1047: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1037:Puppet-rearing 1032: 1029: 1020: 1019: 1014: 1013: 989: 988: 979: 978: 969: 968: 932: 931: 924: 906: 905:Reintroduction 903: 759: 756: 738: 735: 625: 622: 547: 544: 441: 438: 426:sandhill crane 384: 381: 343:George Edwards 341:, and in 1750 296: 293: 285:sandhill crane 269:Grus americana 264:whooping crane 258: 257: 246: 245: 239: 238: 234: 233: 225: 224: 213: 208:Grus americana 202: 201: 195: 194: 187: 185: 181: 180: 173: 169: 168: 163: 159: 158: 153: 149: 148: 143: 139: 138: 133: 129: 128: 123: 119: 118: 113: 109: 108: 95: 94: 81: 78: 77: 59: 56: 55: 50: 47: 46: 35: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6146: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6096: 6094: 6077: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5902: 5898: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5879: 5875: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5843: 5839: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5794: 5790: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5746: 5742: 5735: 5731: 5726: 5720: 5716: 5711: 5705: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5683: 5676: 5666: 5665: 5662: 5650: 5644: 5633: 5629: 5626: 5623: 5619: 5616: 5613: 5609: 5606: 5603: 5599: 5596: 5593: 5589: 5586: 5583: 5579: 5576: 5573: 5572:G. japonensis 5569: 5566: 5563: 5559: 5558:Wattled crane 5556: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5550: 5545: 5538: 5534: 5531: 5528: 5524: 5521: 5518: 5514: 5511: 5508: 5507:A. canadensis 5504: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5495: 5490: 5483: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5464: 5458: 5447: 5443: 5440: 5437: 5433: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5424: 5418: 5415: 5409: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5381: 5376: 5374: 5369: 5367: 5362: 5361: 5358: 5346: 5345: 5336: 5334: 5333: 5328: 5324: 5322: 5321: 5312: 5310: 5309: 5300: 5299: 5296: 5258: 5252: 5250: 5244: 5242: 5236: 5234: 5228: 5226: 5220: 5218: 5212: 5210: 5206:Strigiformes 5204: 5202: 5196: 5194: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5183: 5179: 5173: 5167: 5165: 5159: 5157: 5151: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5134: 5128: 5122: 5120: 5114: 5112: 5106: 5104: 5098: 5096: 5090: 5088: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5073: 5067: 5061: 5059: 5057:(tropicbirds) 5053: 5052: 5050: 5048: 5044: 5038: 5032: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5015: 5009: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4988: 4982: 4980: 4979:Podargiformes 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4955: 4949: 4943: 4941: 4935: 4933: 4929:Cuculiformes 4927: 4926: 4924: 4922: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4909: 4899: 4893: 4891: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4876: 4870: 4864: 4862: 4856: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4766: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4753: 4752: 4748: 4746: 4745: 4741: 4739: 4738: 4734: 4732: 4731: 4727: 4725: 4724: 4720: 4718: 4717: 4713: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4704: 4703: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4690: 4684: 4683: 4679: 4677: 4676: 4672: 4670: 4669: 4665: 4663: 4662: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4638: 4636: 4635: 4631: 4629: 4628: 4627:Macrocephalon 4624: 4622: 4621: 4617: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4608: 4607: 4603: 4601: 4600: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4559: 4556: 4552: 4545: 4539: 4535: 4525: 4524: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4514:Anseranatidae 4511: 4505: 4504: 4500: 4498: 4497: 4493: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4484: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4461: 4456: 4454: 4449: 4448: 4447: 4444: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4425: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4415: 4409: 4405: 4402: 4396: 4392: 4389: 4385: 4379: 4353: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4322: 4318: 4308: 4302: 4300: 4294: 4292: 4288:Tinamiformes 4286: 4284: 4278: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4264:Palaeognathae 4261: 4257: 4253: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4177: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4150:Pigeon racing 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4119: 4116: 4115: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4080: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3993: 3992:Archaeopteryx 3989: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3980: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3942: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3814: 3811: 3810: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3787: 3781: 3778: 3777: 3774: 3769: 3765: 3758: 3753: 3751: 3746: 3744: 3739: 3738: 3735: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3692:on 2006-12-12 3691: 3687: 3683: 3671: 3667: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3635: 3631: 3629: 3622: 3619: 3614: 3602: 3600: 3594: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3581: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3570: 3549: 3542: 3526: 3520: 3505: 3504: 3503:Texas Monthly 3499: 3492: 3484: 3478: 3463: 3459: 3453: 3438:. 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IUcN. 1566:Bibcode 1317:28 July 887:drought 706:berries 686:insects 609:coyotes 580:red fox 490:Florida 470:Alberta 460:of the 311:of his 307:in the 172:Genus: 166:Gruidae 152:Order: 142:Class: 87: ( 70: ( 44:Alberta 38:In the 6063:422602 6024:414356 5959:176176 5904:GNAB: 5881:FEIS: 5869:EURING 5845:ECOS: 5838:whocra 5799:whocra 5738:whocra 5661:Portal 5533:Brolga 5399:family 5387:Cranes 5332:Portal 5208:(owls) 4682:Numida 4620:Leipoa 4503:Chauna 4496:Anhima 4191:Genera 4165:Imping 4083:Human 3923:Colony 3850:Vision 3835:Flight 3592:(1983) 2838:May 6, 2610: 2600: 1733: 1586: 1417: 1201: 1000:, the 729:, and 727:barley 717:Waste 704:, and 702:tubers 698:snails 670:plants 604:bobcat 590:, and 576:cougar 458:muskeg 454:Mexico 406:tarsus 402:culmen 375:as no 6058:WoRMS 6050:10857 6037:83465 6011:72722 5941:IRMNG 5833:eBird 5812:3HFDB 5796:BOW: 5789:19888 5675:Birds 5391:order 4452:swans 4414:ducks 4384:fowls 4179:Lists 3803:Brain 3768:class 3764:Birds 3584:from 3509:9 May 3390:6 May 3353:9 May 3221:(PDF) 3204:(PDF) 3187:(PDF) 3083:Chron 2384:(PDF) 2352:(PDF) 2180:(PDF) 2160:(PDF) 2025:(PDF) 2018:(PDF) 1731:S2CID 1605:(PDF) 723:wheat 719:grain 694:clams 678:birds 674:frogs 650:Texas 509:Texas 462:taiga 323:Ardea 319:genus 277:crane 89:CITES 83:CITES 5998:9117 5993:NCBI 5967:IUCN 5954:ITIS 5892:GBIF 5884:gram 5874:4390 5784:BOLD 5549:Grus 3825:Eggs 3813:milk 3808:Crop 3798:Beak 3698:2006 3678:2007 3662:2006 3642:2006 3609:2006 3556:2018 3533:2017 3511:2017 3444:2020 3392:2007 3355:2017 3349:.com 3325:2018 3271:2017 2908:2015 2840:2019 2808:help 2749:2016 2718:help 2669:2024 2644:help 2608:PMID 2297:2017 2250:2017 2228:2017 2202:2017 2071:link 1901:2023 1617:2019 1584:ISSN 1415:ISBN 1319:2024 1199:ISBN 1177:2022 1148:2023 1094:2021 1077:2020 731:corn 682:fish 662:fish 624:Diet 530:The 505:Gulf 492:and 472:and 364:Grus 262:The 220:1758 177:Grus 146:Aves 5915:IBC 5856:EoL 5848:758 5820:CMS 5807:CoL 5745:ADW 5734:ABA 3012:CNN 2598:PMC 2590:doi 2050:CNN 1723:doi 1719:126 1574:doi 1081:doi 1006:LSU 832:in 808:in 666:eel 554:At 464:in 6095:: 6073:: 6060:: 6047:: 6034:: 6021:: 6008:: 5995:: 5982:: 5969:: 5956:: 5943:: 5933:34 5930:: 5917:: 5894:: 5871:: 5858:: 5835:: 5822:: 5809:: 5786:: 5773:: 5760:: 5747:: 5736:: 5721:: 5706:: 5401:: 5393:: 3601:)" 3588:, 3500:. 3460:. 3345:. 3333:^ 3304:^ 3288:. 3262:. 3237:. 3162:. 3081:. 3035:. 3010:. 2894:. 2831:. 2819:^ 2799:: 2797:}} 2793:{{ 2768:. 2756:^ 2709:: 2707:}} 2703:{{ 2677:^ 2635:: 2633:}} 2629:{{ 2606:. 2596:. 2588:. 2576:. 2572:. 2547:. 2522:. 2449:. 2425:. 2392:^ 2367:^ 2287:. 2168:^ 2148:^ 2120:^ 2088:. 2067:}} 2063:{{ 2048:. 1988:. 1920:. 1909:^ 1877:. 1858:. 1770:^ 1751:. 1729:. 1717:. 1713:. 1637:. 1619:. 1607:. 1582:. 1572:. 1562:57 1560:. 1556:. 1514:. 1480:. 1467:^ 1352:^ 1327:^ 1309:. 1168:. 1139:. 1126:^ 1110:. 1075:. 1069:. 1051:^ 725:, 696:, 692:, 688:, 680:, 660:, 656:, 594:. 586:, 582:, 578:, 574:, 570:, 566:, 523:, 519:, 496:. 468:, 218:, 42:, 5663:: 5651:) 5634:) 5630:( 5624:) 5620:( 5614:) 5610:( 5604:) 5600:( 5594:) 5584:) 5580:( 5574:) 5570:( 5564:) 5560:( 5539:) 5535:( 5529:) 5525:( 5519:) 5515:( 5509:) 5505:( 5484:) 5480:( 5448:) 5444:( 5438:) 5434:( 5405:) 5389:( 5379:e 5372:t 5365:v 4553:) 4546:- 4542:( 4416:) 4412:( 4386:) 4382:( 4378:e 4376:a 4374:r 4372:e 4370:s 4368:n 4366:a 4364:o 4362:l 4360:l 4358:a 4356:G 4343:e 4341:a 4339:h 4337:t 4335:a 4333:n 4331:g 4329:o 4327:e 4325:N 3766:( 3756:e 3749:t 3742:v 3700:. 3680:. 3664:. 3644:. 3630:" 3626:" 3620:. 3611:. 3582:) 3558:. 3535:. 3513:. 3471:. 3446:. 3394:. 3357:. 3327:. 3298:. 3273:. 3248:. 3172:. 3091:. 3066:. 3045:. 3020:. 2995:. 2956:. 2931:. 2910:. 2867:. 2842:. 2810:) 2806:( 2778:. 2720:) 2716:( 2671:. 2646:) 2642:( 2614:. 2592:: 2584:: 2578:7 2557:. 2532:. 2507:. 2486:. 2460:. 2435:. 2361:. 2314:. 2299:. 2273:. 2252:. 2230:. 2204:. 2073:) 2059:. 2034:. 2003:. 1964:. 1924:. 1903:. 1881:. 1862:. 1844:. 1819:. 1794:. 1755:. 1737:. 1725:: 1698:. 1673:. 1648:. 1590:. 1576:: 1568:: 1529:. 1484:. 1448:. 1423:. 1398:. 1321:. 1207:. 1179:. 1166:" 1150:. 1120:. 1096:. 1083:: 1067:" 1063:" 923:. 636:. 287:( 266:( 222:) 214:( 91:) 74:)

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