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prolonged abstinence, abusers of alcohol (Pfefferbaum et al., 2014) or opiates (Wang et al., 2011) have white matter microstructure that is not significantly different from non-users. There was also no evidence that the white matter microstructural changes observed in longitudinal studies of cannabis, nicotine, or cocaine were completely irreparable. It is therefore possible that, at least to some degree, abstinence can reverse effects of substance abuse on white matter. The ability of white matter to "bounce back" very likely depends on the level and duration of abuse, as well as the substance being abused.
29:
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researchers had considered this type of learning to be exclusively mediated by dendrites, which are not present in white matter. The authors suggest that electrical activity in axons may regulate myelination in axons. Or, gross changes in the diameter or packing density of the axon might cause the change. A more recent DTI study by
Sampaio-Baptista and colleagues reported changes in white matter with motor learning along with increases in myelination.
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woman is 149,000 km. There is a decline in total length with age of about 10% each decade such that a man at 80 years of age has 97,200 km and a woman 82,000 km. Most of this reduction is due to the loss of thinner fibers. However, this reduction may correlate with men having larger brains than women and with brain size reducing with age.
1162:
Given that our the central nervous system is an intricately balanced, complex network of billions of neurons and supporting cells, some might imagine that extrinsic substances could cause irreversible brain damage. Our review paints a less gloomy picture of the substances reviewed, however. Following
458:
White matter is the tissue through which messages pass between different areas of grey matter within the central nervous system. The white matter is white because of the fatty substance (myelin) that surrounds the nerve fibers (axons). This myelin is found in almost all long nerve fibers, and acts as
449:
One small study found that men have more white matter than women both in volume and in length of myelinated axons, and that volume and length reduced with age. (This study only included 36 participants.) At the age of 20, the total length of myelinated fibers in men is 176,000 km while that of a
604:
A 2009 paper by Jan Scholz and colleagues used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to demonstrate changes in white matter volume as a result of learning a new motor task (e.g. juggling). The study is important as the first paper to correlate motor learning with white matter changes. Previously, many
754:
Leenders, K. L.; Perani, D.; Lammertsma, A. A.; Heather, J. D.; Buckingham, P.; Jones, T.; Healy, M. J. R.; Gibbs, J. M.; Wise, R. J. S.; Hatazawa, J.; Herold, S.; Beaney, R. P.; Brooks, D. J.; Spinks, T.; Rhodes, C.; Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1990). "Cerebral Blood Flow, Blood Volume and Oxygen
284:
The total number of long range fibers within a cerebral hemisphere is 2% of the total number of cortico-cortical fibers (across cortical areas) and is roughly the same number as those that communicate between the two hemispheres in the brain's largest white tissue structure, the
572:, and is a contributing factor rather than determinant factor of certain functional deficits due to compensating effects in other brain regions. The integrity of white matter declines due to aging. Nonetheless, regular
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Sampaio-Baptista, C.; Khrapitchev, A. A.; Foxley, S.; Schlagheck, T.; Scholz, J.; Jbabdi, S.; Deluca, G. C.; Miller, K. L.; Taylor, A.; Thomas, N.; Kleim, J.; Sibson, N. R.; Bannerman, D.; Johansen-Berg, H. (2013).
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appears to either postpone the aging effect or in turn enhance the white matter integrity in the long run. Changes in white matter volume due to inflammation or injury may be a factor in the severity of
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851:
729:
Schüz, Almut; Braitenberg, Valentino (2002). "The human cortical white matter: Quantitative aspects of cortico-cortical long-range connectivity". In Schüz, Almut; Braitenberg, Valentino (eds.).
1452:
Chen, Hsiu-Ling; Lu, Cheng-Hsien; Lin, Hsin-Ching; Chen, Pei-Chin; Chou, Kun-Hsien; Lin, Wei-Ming; Tsai, Nai-Wen; Su, Yu-Jih; Friedman, Michael; Lin, Ching-Po; Lin, Wei-Che (2015-03-01).
511:, which is a rarefaction of the white matter that can be correlated with a variety of conditions, including loss of myelin pallor, axonal loss, and diminished restrictive function of the
1395:
Castronovo, Vincenza; Scifo, Paola; Castellano, Antonella; Aloia, Mark S.; Iadanza, Antonella; Marelli, Sara; Cappa, Stefano F.; Strambi, Luigi Ferini; Falini, Andrea (2014-09-01).
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Sowell, Elizabeth R.; Peterson, Bradley S.; Thompson, Paul M.; Welcome, Suzanne E.; Henkenius, Amy L.; Toga, Arthur W. (2003). "Mapping cortical change across the human life span".
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Human brain right dissected lateral view (anterior on the right), showing grey matter (the darker outer parts), and white matter (the inner and prominently whiter parts).
1020:
Roseborough, Austyn; Ramirez, Joel; Black, Sandra E.; Edwards, Jodi D. (2017). "Associations between amyloid β and white matter hyperintensities: A systematic review".
518:
There is also evidence that substance abuse may damage white matter microstructure, though prolonged abstinence may in certain cases reverse such white matter changes.
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163:
244:. However, the tissue of the freshly cut brain appears pinkish-white to the naked eye because myelin is composed largely of lipid tissue veined with
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Marner, Lisbeth; Nyengaard, Jens R.; Tang, Yong; Pakkenberg, Bente (2003). "Marked loss of myelinated nerve fibers in the human brain with age".
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is structured in a similar manner as the cerebrum, with a superficial mantle of cerebellar cortex, deep cerebellar white matter (called the "
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Unlike grey matter, which peaks in development in a person's twenties, the white matter continues to develop, and peaks in middle age.
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5858:
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Assaf, Yaniv; Pasternak, Ofer (2007). "Diffusion Tensor
Imaging (DTI)-based White Matter Mapping in Brain Research: A Review".
1686:"Change in the Brain's White Matter: The role of the brain's white matter in active learning and memory may be underestimated"
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The other main component of the brain is grey matter (actually pinkish tan due to blood capillaries), which is composed of
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showing white matter with its characteristic fine meshwork-like appearance (left of image – lighter shade of pink) and
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note "As a rough rule, the number of fibres of a certain range of lengths is inversely proportional to their length."
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1124:"[Substance Abuse and White Matter: Findings, Limitations, and Future of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Research]"
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Höftberger, Romana; Lassmann, Hans (2018). "Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system".
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an electrical insulation. This is important because it allows the messages to pass quickly from place to place.
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601:(MRI) brain scanners are used. As of 2007, more than 700 publications have been published on the subject.
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Smaller volumes (in terms of group averages) of white matter might be associated with larger deficits in
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neurons than its nearby areas. Note that white matter can sometimes appear darker than grey matter on a
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Monnig, Mollie A.; Tonigan, J. Scott; Yeo, Ronald A.; Thoma, Robert J.; McCrady, Barbara S. (2013).
281:, rather than coursing through the axon, increasing the speed of transmission of all nerve signals.
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Hirono, Nobutsugu; Kitagaki, Hajime; Kazui, Hiroaki; Hashimoto, Mamoru; Mori, Etsuro (2000).
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White matter forms the bulk of the deep parts of the brain and the superficial parts of the
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is a third colored component found in the brain that appears darker due to higher levels of
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Klein, S.B., & Thorne, B.M. Biological
Psychology. Worth Publishers: New York. 2007.
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The proportion of blood vessels in the white matter in nonelderly adults is 1.7–3.6%.
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2014:
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1633:"Motor Skill Learning Induces Changes in White Matter Microstructure and Myelination"
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Scholz, Jan; Klein, Miriam C; Behrens, Timothy E J; Johansen-Berg, Heidi (2009).
1220:"Impact of White Matter Changes on Clinical Manifestation of Alzheimer's Disease"
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1397:"White Matter Integrity in Obstructive Sleep Apnea before and after Treatment"
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on magnetic resonance imaging are linked to several adverse outcomes, such as
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409:") and aggregates of grey matter surrounded by deep cerebellar white matter (
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White matter is named for its relatively light appearance resulting from the
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4704:
1701:
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Areas of the CNS made up mainly of myelinated axons are called white matter.
540:, particularly with small vessel/subcortical subtypes of vascular dementia.
248:. Its white color in prepared specimens is due to its usual preservation in
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249:
4142:
1454:"White Matter Damage and Systemic Inflammation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea"
1175:
O'Brien, John T. (2014). "Clinical
Significance of White Matter Changes".
776:
731:
Cortical Areas: Unity and
Diversity, Conceptual Advances in Brain Research
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568:. However, volume change is continuous throughout one's lifetime due to
507:. Other changes that commonly occur with age include the development of
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4958:
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2541:
2230:
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1412:
852:"Changes That Occur to the Aging Brain: What Happens When We Get Older"
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33:
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803:
176:
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658:(2nd ed.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. p. 21.
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inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system
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319:
233:
and coordinating communication between different brain regions.
2143:
2098:
1863:
1734:
1551:
1305:"White matter in learning, cognition and psychiatric disorders"
973:"White matter volume in alcohol use disorders: A meta-analysis"
753:
478:
311:
241:
211:
41:
4527:
Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus
2576:
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1019:
868:
789:
482:
270:
237:
230:
86:
1445:
1217:
346:, or shorter axons, which can only be found in grey matter.
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2182:
1230:(9). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 2182–2188.
277:
between neurons. Myelin acts as an insulator, which allows
265:
White matter is composed of bundles, which connect various
214:
1298:
1296:
441:) are also located deep within the cerebral white matter.
221:. Long thought to be passive tissue, white matter affects
5880:
1554:"Training induces changes in white-matter architecture"
1293:
1168:
493:
are associated with a decrease in white matter volume.
970:
589:
The study of white matter has been advanced with the
398:
nuclei) are spread within the cerebral white matter.
225:
and brain functions, modulating the distribution of
1271:(in Welsh). West Sussex, England: Wiley Blackwell.
682:Douglas Fields, R. (2008). "White Matter Matters".
911:
269:areas (the locations of nerve cell bodies) of the
1121:
6548:
728:
1508:
1260:
1071:O'Sullivan, M. (2008-01-01). "Leukoaraiosis".
1070:
681:
477:which affect white matter. In MS lesions, the
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5866:
5178:
4734:
4720:
4158:
3616:
3125:
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1761:
1451:
916:. Vol. 145. Elsevier. pp. 263–283.
1177:The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
4172:
1174:
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6042:
5873:
5859:
5185:
5171:
4996:Bergmann glia cell = Golgi epithelial cell
4727:
4713:
4165:
4151:
3623:
3609:
3139:
3132:
3118:
2599:
2585:
1768:
1754:
653:
54:
27:
5624:Posterior (sympathetic/heat conservation)
3384:Descending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
2828:Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway
1709:
1656:
1577:
1485:
1428:
1336:
1235:
1147:
996:
947:
444:
3369:Ascending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
1115:
733:. Taylor and Francis. pp. 377–386.
358:. Aggregates of grey matter such as the
186:
3630:
724:
722:
499:in white matter may be associated with
338:and spinal white matter do not contain
44:(right of image – dark shade of pink).
6549:
3652:
1683:
1302:
1266:
1122:Hampton WH, Hanik I, Olson IR (2019).
16:Areas of myelinated axons in the brain
6037:
5854:
5166:
4708:
4146:
3604:
3113:
2580:
1749:
5619:Anterior (parasympathetic/heat loss)
1013:
905:
834:"Battle of the Brain: Men Vs. Women"
792:The Journal of Comparative Neurology
719:
5949:Vascular organ of lamina terminalis
1364:Handbook of the Psychology of Aging
656:Neuroanatomy through clinical cases
13:
1775:
1677:
922:10.1016/b978-0-12-802395-2.00019-5
14:
6573:
5658:Parvocellular neurosecretory cell
5653:Magnocellular neurosecretory cell
1727:
1511:Journal of Molecular Neuroscience
1303:Fields, R. Douglas (2008-06-05).
704:10.1038/scientificamerican0308-54
536:are often found in patients with
210:(CNS) that are mainly made up of
5541:Anterior trigeminothalamic tract
4388:Anterior trigeminothalamic tract
2691:Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
1733:
1140:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.005
989:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00441.x
2606:
1932:Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
1623:
1594:
1545:
1502:
1064:
964:
473:(MS) is the most common of the
260:
5778:Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
4504:Rostromedial tegmental nucleus
3774:Medial longitudinal fasciculus
3736:Medial longitudinal fasciculus
3389:Medial longitudinal fasciculus
3374:Medial longitudinal fasciculus
1649:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3048-13.2013
914:Handbook of Clinical Neurology
862:
844:
826:
783:
747:
710:
675:
647:
630:Vanishing white matter disease
299:
1:
6312:Anterior perforated substance
5143:Ventral spinocerebellar tract
3789:Lateral vestibulospinal tract
3247:Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
856:www.publichealth.columbia.edu
640:
534:White matter hyperintensities
5294:Stria medullaris of thalamus
5096:Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
4674:Superior cerebellar peduncle
4547:Midbrain reticular formation
3972:Lateral parabrachial nucleus
3784:Medial vestibulospinal tract
3762:Inferior cerebellar peduncle
3514:Inferior cerebellar peduncle
3310:Rostral ventromedial medulla
2785:Central gelatinous substance
255:
7:
5696:Suprachiasmatic (melatonin)
4376:Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers
3967:Medial parabrachial nucleus
3741:Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers
3252:Inferior salivatory nucleus
2042:Postganglionic nerve fibers
1315:(7). Elsevier BV: 361–370.
1183:(2). Elsevier BV: 133–137.
1128:Drug and Alcohol Dependence
608:
465:
453:
349:
10:
6578:
6307:Anterior olfactory nucleus
5299:Thalamic reticular nucleus
5121:Trigeminocerebellar fibers
3305:Arcuate nucleus of medulla
2729:Posterior thoracic nucleus
2037:Preganglionic nerve fibers
1321:10.1016/j.tins.2008.04.001
1189:10.1016/j.jagp.2013.07.006
1034:10.1016/j.jalz.2017.01.026
1022:Alzheimer's & Dementia
599:magnetic resonance imaging
584:
505:neurodegenerative diseases
303:
279:electrical signals to jump
191:White matter structure of
40:, with the characteristic
6507:
6450:
6431:
6404:
6374:
6364:
6325:
6297:
6288:
6188:
6163:
6095:
6086:
6077:
6072:and associated structures
6015:
6007:Cave of septum pellucidum
5980:
5962:
5939:
5892:
5815:
5788:
5736:
5704:
5632:
5608:
5599:
5569:
5560:
5455:
5312:
5286:
5277:
5245:
5214:
5205:
5115:Vestibulocerebellar tract
5082:
5066:
5057:
4957:
4915:
4906:
4803:
4753:
4746:
4666:
4639:
4595:
4588:
4572:Reticulotegmental nucleus
4545:
4512:
4494:
4440:
4431:
4401:
4348:
4339:
4330:
4319:
4301:
4277:
4256:
4247:
4229:
4192:
4181:
4088:
4068:
4027:
4009:
3996:
3934:
3922:Inferior salivary nucleus
3917:Superior salivary nucleus
3878:
3812:
3799:
3767:Vestibulocerebellar tract
3751:
3688:
3639:
3526:
3476:
3436:
3429:
3399:
3343:
3334:
3300:Ventral respiratory group
3290:
3282:Accessory cuneate nucleus
3264:
3225:
3166:
3157:
3148:
3066:
3054:Anterior white commissure
3046:
2989:
2937:
2930:
2903:
2846:
2818:
2811:
2802:
2772:
2737:
2724:Intermediolateral nucleus
2714:
2676:
2667:
2614:
2547:Olfactory receptor neuron
2502:
2443:
2436:
2372:
2302:
2259:
2219:
2211:Neurofibril/neurofilament
2181:
2163:
2156:
2142:
2089:
2061:
1967:
1958:
1905:
1862:
1855:
1792:
1783:
1606:Dolan DNA Learning Center
1523:10.1007/s12031-007-0029-0
543:
273:to each other, and carry
199:). Anterior on the right.
169:
157:
145:
109:
97:
85:
80:
70:
65:
53:
26:
21:
6396:Nucleus of diagonal band
5835:Nuclei campi perizonalis
5761:Retinohypothalamic tract
4555:dorsal tegmental nucleus
4484:Edinger–Westphal nucleus
3979:Superior olivary nucleus
3942:Pedunculopontine nucleus
3894:Trigeminal motor nucleus
3714:Ventral trigeminal tract
3665:Superior medullary velum
3466:Inferior olivary nucleus
3188:Dorsal respiratory group
1237:10.1161/01.str.31.9.2182
1085:10.1136/jnnp.2007.139428
654:Blumenfeld, Hal (2010).
595:diffusion tensor imaging
6345:Lateral olfactory stria
5756:Medial forebrain bundle
5686:Arcuate (dopamine/GHRH)
4859:Vallecula of cerebellum
4537:Interpeduncular nucleus
4269:Central tegmental tract
3962:Subparabrachial nucleus
3731:Central tegmental tract
3709:Dorsal trigeminal tract
3484:Posterior median sulcus
3449:Anterior median fissure
3092:Posterior median sulcus
3077:Anterior median fissure
1702:10.1126/science.1199139
1637:Journal of Neuroscience
1372:10.1016/c2012-0-07221-3
1309:Trends in Neurosciences
615:White matter dissection
579:obstructive sleep apnea
330:because of the type of
206:refers to areas of the
6557:Central nervous system
6414:Diagonal band of Broca
6340:Medial olfactory stria
6276:Subthalamic fasciculus
6254:Pallidothalamic tracts
5773:Mammillothalamic tract
5536:Subthalamic fasciculus
5470:Pallidothalamic tracts
5465:Mammillothalamic tract
5447:Interthalamic adhesion
5132:Pontocerebellar fibers
4917:Deep cerebellar nuclei
4496:Ventral tegmental area
4058:Pontocerebellar fibers
3660:Cerebellopontine angle
3590:Perihypoglossal nuclei
2494:Neuromuscular junction
2357:III or Aδ or fast pain
1684:Fields, R. D. (2010).
1602:"White Matter Matters"
1267:Tasman, Allan (2015).
769:10.1093/brain/113.1.27
445:Myelinated axon length
208:central nervous system
200:
171:Anatomical terminology
75:Central nervous system
6438:Hippocampal formation
6384:Substantia innominata
6269:Lenticular fasciculus
5995:Medial septal nucleus
5800:is diencephalon, but
5521:Dentatothalamic tract
5480:Lenticular fasciculus
5442:Midline nuclear group
5148:Dentatothalamic tract
5106:Cuneocerebellar tract
5101:Olivocerebellar tract
4686:Interpeduncular fossa
4629:Temporopontine fibers
4393:Dentatothalamic tract
4048:Corticopontine fibers
3779:Vestibulospinal tract
3489:Posterolateral sulcus
3410:Olivocerebellar tract
3320:Pre-Bötzinger complex
3097:Posterolateral sulcus
2678:Posterior grey column
491:Alcohol use disorders
429:(lateral ventricles,
425:). The fluid-filled
190:
6023:Posterior commissure
5504:Trigeminal lemniscus
5265:Subcommissural organ
5237:Habenular commissure
4778:Flocculonodular lobe
4624:Frontopontine fibers
4619:Corticopontine tract
4194:Corpora quadrigemina
3899:Facial motor nucleus
3704:Trigeminal lemniscus
3454:Anterolateral sulcus
3082:Anterolateral sulcus
2913:Spinoreticular tract
2739:Anterior grey column
2622:Cervical enlargement
2512:Meissner's corpuscle
2477:Postsynaptic density
2374:Efferent nerve fiber
2362:IV or C or slow pain
2304:Afferent nerve fiber
2130:Satellite glial cell
1742:at Wikimedia Commons
566:academic achievement
526:cognitive impairment
522:White matter lesions
42:neuronal cell bodies
6532:Schaffer collateral
6443:Hippocampus anatomy
6259:Thalamic fasciculus
5954:Anterior commissure
5825:Subthalamic nucleus
5643:posterior pituitary
5511:Spinothalamic tract
5485:Thalamic fasciculus
5111:Juxtarestiform body
5025:Unipolar brush cell
4986:Purkinje cell layer
4875:Alar central lobule
4614:Corticobulbar tract
4609:Corticospinal tract
4517:Periaqueductal gray
4414:Rubro-olivary tract
4383:Spinothalamic tract
4349:Sensory / ascending
4257:Sensory / ascending
4214:Superior colliculus
4202:Inferior colliculus
4098:Reticular formation
4043:Corticobulbar tract
4038:Corticospinal tract
3957:Parabrachial nuclei
3536:Reticular formation
3504:Hypoglossal trigone
3415:Rubro-olivary tract
3364:Juxtarestiform body
3354:Sensory decussation
3237:Hypoglossal nucleus
2918:Spino-olivary tract
2716:Lateral grey column
2517:Merkel nerve ending
1643:(50): 19499–19503.
1558:Nature Neuroscience
1073:Practical Neurology
871:Nature Neuroscience
696:2008SciAm.298c..54D
684:Scientific American
558:executive functions
513:blood–brain barrier
501:Alzheimer's disease
485:is deteriorated by
427:cerebral ventricles
380:subthalamic nucleus
6460:Hippocampus proper
6134:Olfactory tubercle
5882:Commissural fibers
5526:Acoustic radiation
5010:Granule cell layer
4771:Horizontal fissure
4467:Oculomotor nucleus
4402:Motor / descending
4278:Motor / descending
4089:Other grey: Raphe/
4031:: Motor/descending
3952:Pneumotaxic center
3935:Grey: Other nuclei
3406:Descending tracts
2764:Gamma motor neuron
2752:Alpha motor neuron
2657:Terminal ventricle
2627:Lumbar enlargement
2552:Photoreceptor cell
2522:Pacinian corpuscle
2453:Electrical synapse
2407:Lower motor neuron
2402:Upper motor neuron
2123:Internodal segment
2063:Connective tissues
2033:Autonomic ganglion
1470:10.5665/sleep.4490
1413:10.5665/sleep.3994
1366:. Elsevier. 2016.
554:declarative memory
481:sheath around the
471:Multiple sclerosis
419:emboliform nucleus
344:neural cell bodies
201:
6544:
6543:
6540:
6539:
6427:
6426:
6360:
6359:
6352:Olfactory trigone
6284:
6283:
6264:Ansa lenticularis
6198:Centrum semiovale
6184:
6183:
6129:Nucleus accumbens
6031:
6030:
6000:Subfornical organ
5982:Septum pellucidum
5941:Lamina terminalis
5848:
5847:
5811:
5810:
5732:
5731:
5556:
5555:
5548:Medullary laminae
5516:Lateral lemniscus
5475:Ansa lenticularis
5273:
5272:
5232:Habenular trigone
5160:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5053:
5052:
4959:Cerebellar cortex
4902:
4901:
4892:Cerebellar tonsil
4702:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4532:Parabrachial area
4472:Trochlear nucleus
4427:
4426:
4409:Rubrospinal tract
4311:Cerebral aqueduct
4297:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4285:Tectospinal tract
4264:Spinotectal tract
4219:Superior brachium
4207:Inferior brachium
4140:
4139:
4084:
4083:
3992:
3991:
3930:
3929:
3863:Vestibular nuclei
3726:Lateral lemniscus
3680:Facial colliculus
3598:
3597:
3522:
3521:
3425:
3424:
3330:
3329:
3315:Botzinger complex
3260:
3259:
3200:Vestibular nuclei
3195:Gustatory nucleus
3107:
3106:
3067:External features
3062:
3061:
3042:
3041:
2979:Hypothalamospinal
2926:
2925:
2798:
2797:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2537:Free nerve ending
2504:Sensory receptors
2432:
2431:
2347:Ib or Golgi or Aα
2255:
2254:
2138:
2137:
2015:Ramus communicans
1954:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1820:Commissural fiber
1815:Association fiber
1810:Projection fibers
1738:Media related to
1696:(6005): 768–769.
1564:(11): 1370–1371.
1381:978-0-12-411469-2
1278:978-1-118-84549-3
1028:(10): 1154–1167.
977:Addiction Biology
931:978-0-12-802395-2
804:10.1002/cne.10714
740:978-0-415-27723-5
625:Vascular dementia
593:technique called
538:vascular dementia
435:cerebral aqueduct
423:fastigial nucleus
384:nucleus accumbens
227:action potentials
185:
184:
180:
6569:
6448:
6447:
6419:Stria terminalis
6372:
6371:
6295:
6294:
6241:External capsule
6205:Internal capsule
6124:Ventral striatum
6093:
6092:
6084:
6083:
6058:
6051:
6044:
6035:
6034:
5929:Indusium griseum
5875:
5868:
5861:
5852:
5851:
5751:Stria terminalis
5606:
5605:
5567:
5566:
5499:Medial lemniscus
5284:
5283:
5260:Habenular nuclei
5212:
5211:
5187:
5180:
5173:
5164:
5163:
5064:
5063:
4913:
4912:
4751:
4750:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4706:
4705:
4645:Substantia nigra
4593:
4592:
4438:
4437:
4346:
4345:
4337:
4336:
4328:
4327:
4254:
4253:
4190:
4189:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4144:
4143:
4007:
4006:
3947:Apneustic center
3908:Abducens nucleus
3883:
3846:Cochlear nucleus
3817:
3810:
3809:
3721:Medial lemniscus
3650:
3649:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3602:
3601:
3434:
3433:
3359:Medial lemniscus
3341:
3340:
3242:Nucleus ambiguus
3230:
3178:Solitary nucleus
3171:
3164:
3163:
3155:
3154:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3111:
3110:
2935:
2934:
2816:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2696:Nucleus proprius
2686:Marginal nucleus
2674:
2673:
2632:Conus medullaris
2615:General features
2601:
2594:
2587:
2578:
2577:
2467:Synaptic vesicle
2462:Chemical synapse
2441:
2440:
2161:
2160:
2154:
2153:
1965:
1964:
1860:
1859:
1790:
1789:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1747:
1746:
1737:
1723:
1713:
1671:
1670:
1660:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1608:. Archived from
1598:
1592:
1591:
1581:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1489:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1432:
1407:(9): 1465–1475.
1392:
1386:
1385:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1340:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1239:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1151:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1000:
968:
962:
961:
951:
909:
903:
902:
866:
860:
859:
848:
842:
841:
830:
824:
823:
787:
781:
780:
751:
745:
744:
726:
717:
714:
708:
707:
679:
673:
672:
651:
620:Ventriculomegaly
574:aerobic exercise
439:fourth ventricle
376:substantia nigra
328:microscope slide
316:substantia nigra
177:edit on Wikidata
174:
58:
31:
19:
18:
6577:
6576:
6572:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6547:
6546:
6545:
6536:
6503:
6441:
6436:
6423:
6400:
6389:Nucleus basalis
6367:basal forebrain
6356:
6335:Olfactory tract
6321:
6280:
6246:Extreme capsule
6225:Optic radiation
6180:
6159:
6143:Globus pallidus
6115:Caudate nucleus
6105:Dorsal striatum
6073:
6062:
6032:
6027:
6011:
5976:
5958:
5935:
5894:Corpus callosum
5888:
5879:
5849:
5844:
5839:Fields of Forel
5807:
5784:
5728:
5700:
5691:Preoptic (GnRH)
5648:Paraventricular
5628:
5595:
5586:Mammillary body
5577:Median eminence
5552:
5531:Optic radiation
5451:
5379:Pulvinar nuclei
5317:
5308:
5269:
5241:
5201:
5193:Anatomy of the
5191:
5161:
5152:
5078:
5049:
4967:Molecular layer
4953:
4898:
4887:Biventer lobule
4799:
4795:Primary fissure
4742:
4733:
4703:
4690:
4662:
4658:Pars reticulata
4635:
4576:
4541:
4508:
4490:
4423:
4397:
4323:
4315:
4289:
4273:
4243:
4225:
4185:
4177:
4173:Anatomy of the
4171:
4141:
4136:
4090:
4080:
4064:
4023:
3998:
3988:
3984:Locus coeruleus
3926:
3879:
3874:
3813:
3795:
3747:
3684:
3675:Medial eminence
3670:Sulcus limitans
3641:
3635:
3631:Anatomy of the
3629:
3599:
3594:
3541:Gigantocellular
3518:
3509:Medial eminence
3472:
3421:
3395:
3326:
3286:
3277:Cuneate nucleus
3272:Gracile nucleus
3256:
3226:
3221:
3167:
3144:
3140:Anatomy of the
3138:
3108:
3103:
3058:
3038:
3012:Vestibulospinal
3008:Extrapyramidal
2985:
2922:
2899:
2856:Spinocerebellar
2842:
2794:
2790:Gray commissure
2768:
2733:
2710:
2706:Rexed lamina VI
2663:
2637:Filum terminale
2610:
2605:
2575:
2566:
2498:
2428:
2377:
2368:
2352:II or Aβ and Aγ
2307:
2298:
2251:
2241:Apical dendrite
2236:Dendritic spine
2215:
2177:
2147:
2134:
2118:Node of Ranvier
2113:Myelin incisure
2085:
2057:
1946:
1937:Oligodendrocyte
1920:Ependymal cells
1901:
1851:
1779:
1774:
1730:
1680:
1678:Further reading
1675:
1674:
1628:
1624:
1615:
1613:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1570:10.1038/nn.2412
1550:
1546:
1507:
1503:
1450:
1446:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1301:
1294:
1279:
1265:
1261:
1216:
1212:
1173:
1169:
1120:
1116:
1069:
1065:
1018:
1014:
969:
965:
932:
910:
906:
867:
863:
850:
849:
845:
832:
831:
827:
788:
784:
752:
748:
741:
727:
720:
715:
711:
680:
676:
666:
652:
648:
643:
611:
587:
570:neuroplasticity
546:
497:Amyloid plaques
468:
456:
447:
431:third ventricle
415:globose nucleus
411:dentate nucleus
372:globus pallidus
364:caudate nucleus
352:
308:
302:
287:corpus callosum
263:
258:
181:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
92:substantia alba
61:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6575:
6565:
6564:
6559:
6542:
6541:
6538:
6537:
6535:
6534:
6529:
6527:Perforant path
6524:
6519:
6513:
6511:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6501:
6496:
6495:
6494:
6492:Fascia dentata
6484:
6483:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6456:
6454:
6445:
6429:
6428:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6421:
6416:
6410:
6408:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6398:
6393:
6392:
6391:
6380:
6378:
6369:
6362:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6354:
6349:
6348:
6347:
6342:
6331:
6329:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6319:
6317:Olfactory bulb
6314:
6309:
6303:
6301:
6292:
6290:Rhinencephalon
6286:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6273:
6272:
6271:
6266:
6249:
6248:
6243:
6237:
6236:
6234:Corona radiata
6230:
6229:
6228:
6227:
6222:
6220:Posterior limb
6217:
6212:
6201:
6200:
6194:
6192:
6186:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6173:
6167:
6165:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6157:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6139:
6138:
6137:
6136:
6131:
6120:
6119:
6118:
6117:
6112:
6101:
6099:
6090:
6081:
6075:
6074:
6061:
6060:
6053:
6046:
6038:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6019:
6017:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6004:
6003:
6002:
5997:
5986:
5984:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5968:
5966:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5945:
5943:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5932:
5931:
5920:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5898:
5896:
5890:
5889:
5878:
5877:
5870:
5863:
5855:
5846:
5845:
5843:
5842:
5832:
5827:
5821:
5819:
5813:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5794:
5792:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5775:
5765:
5764:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5742:
5740:
5734:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5710:
5708:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5662:
5661:
5660:
5655:
5638:
5636:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5626:
5621:
5615:
5613:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5581:Tuber cinereum
5573:
5571:
5564:
5558:
5557:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5467:
5461:
5459:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5427:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5393:
5383:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5361:
5360:
5359:
5346:
5332:
5323:
5321:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5304:Taenia thalami
5301:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5281:
5275:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5255:Pretectal area
5251:
5249:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5218:
5216:
5209:
5203:
5202:
5190:
5189:
5182:
5175:
5167:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5135:
5134:
5124:
5123:
5118:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5088:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5070:
5068:
5061:
5055:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5045:Parallel fiber
5042:
5040:Climbing fiber
5037:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4963:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4939:
4927:
4921:
4919:
4910:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4820:Central lobule
4807:
4805:
4804:Medial/lateral
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4785:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4766:Posterior lobe
4763:
4757:
4755:
4748:
4744:
4743:
4732:
4731:
4724:
4717:
4709:
4700:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4649:
4647:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4616:
4611:
4605:
4603:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4557:
4551:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4500:
4498:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4446:
4444:
4442:cranial nuclei
4435:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4419:Descending MLF
4416:
4411:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4368:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4352:
4350:
4343:
4334:
4325:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4258:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4239:Pretectal area
4235:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4198:
4196:
4187:
4179:
4178:
4170:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4147:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4094:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4076:Basilar sulcus
4072:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4019:Pontine nuclei
4015:
4013:
4004:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3910:
3901:
3896:
3886:
3884:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3820:
3818:
3807:
3805:Cranial nuclei
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3758:
3756:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3701:
3699:Trapezoid body
3695:
3693:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3656:
3654:
3647:
3637:
3636:
3628:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3605:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3532:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3440:
3438:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3347:
3345:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3233:
3231:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3174:
3172:
3161:
3159:Cranial nuclei
3152:
3146:
3145:
3137:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3114:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3017:Reticulospinal
3014:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2998:Corticospinal
2995:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2974:Reticulospinal
2971:
2966:
2959:Extrapyramidal
2956:
2955:
2954:
2943:
2941:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2890:Posterolateral
2887:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2852:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2813:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2757:Onuf's nucleus
2749:
2743:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2701:Rexed lamina V
2698:
2693:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2581:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2562:Taste receptor
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2532:Muscle spindle
2529:
2527:Ruffini ending
2524:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2489:Ribbon synapse
2486:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2459:
2449:
2447:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2309:Sensory neuron
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2284:
2279:
2277:Pseudounipolar
2274:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2245:Basal dendrite
2238:
2233:
2225:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2196:Axon terminals
2193:
2187:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2158:
2151:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2095:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2048:Nerve fascicle
2045:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1971:
1969:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1802:
1796:
1794:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1777:Nervous tissue
1773:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1729:
1728:External links
1726:
1725:
1724:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1622:
1593:
1544:
1501:
1464:(3): 361–370.
1444:
1387:
1380:
1352:
1292:
1277:
1259:
1210:
1167:
1134:(4): 288–298.
1114:
1063:
1012:
983:(3): 581–592.
963:
930:
904:
883:10.1038/nn1008
877:(3): 309–315.
861:
843:
825:
798:(2): 144–152.
782:
755:Utilization".
746:
739:
718:
709:
674:
665:978-0878936137
664:
645:
644:
642:
639:
638:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
610:
607:
586:
583:
545:
542:
467:
464:
455:
452:
446:
443:
351:
348:
304:Main article:
301:
298:
275:nerve impulses
262:
259:
257:
254:
229:, acting as a
217:, also called
183:
182:
173:
167:
166:
161:
155:
154:
149:
143:
142:
113:
107:
106:
101:
95:
94:
89:
83:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
63:
62:
59:
51:
50:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6574:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6554:
6552:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6514:
6512:
6510:
6506:
6500:
6497:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6488:
6487:Dentate gyrus
6485:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6455:
6453:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6430:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6407:
6403:
6397:
6394:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6377:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6363:
6353:
6350:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6328:
6324:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6300:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6287:
6277:
6274:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6251:
6250:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6210:Anterior limb
6208:
6207:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6191:
6187:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6162:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6145:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6098:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6079:Basal ganglia
6076:
6071:
6067:
6066:basal ganglia
6059:
6054:
6052:
6047:
6045:
6040:
6039:
6036:
6024:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6014:
6008:
6005:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5991:
5990:Septal nuclei
5988:
5987:
5985:
5983:
5979:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5965:
5961:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5938:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5876:
5871:
5869:
5864:
5862:
5857:
5856:
5853:
5840:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5814:
5803:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5787:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5766:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5735:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5707:
5703:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5675:
5671:
5668:
5667:
5666:
5663:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5598:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5549:
5546:
5545:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5384:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5315:
5311:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5188:
5183:
5181:
5176:
5174:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5056:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4991:Purkinje cell
4989:
4988:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4972:Stellate cell
4970:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4956:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4880:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4835:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4761:Anterior lobe
4759:
4758:
4756:
4752:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4730:
4725:
4723:
4718:
4716:
4711:
4710:
4707:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4653:Pars compacta
4651:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4601:Cerebral crus
4598:
4594:
4591:
4587:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4477:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4460:
4456:
4455:Mesencephalic
4453:
4452:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4371:Ascending MLF
4369:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4168:
4163:
4161:
4156:
4154:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4087:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4026:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3995:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3877:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3638:
3634:
3626:
3621:
3619:
3614:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3546:Parvocellular
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3499:Vagal trigone
3497:
3495:
3494:Area postrema
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3224:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3135:
3130:
3128:
3123:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2947:Corticospinal
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2873:Spinothalamic
2871:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2780:Rexed laminae
2778:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2652:Central canal
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2423:
2422:γ motorneuron
2420:
2418:
2417:β motorneuron
2415:
2413:
2412:α motorneuron
2410:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1681:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1626:
1612:on 2009-11-12
1611:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1383:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1357:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1214:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1008:
1004:
999:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
967:
959:
955:
950:
945:
941:
937:
933:
927:
923:
919:
915:
908:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
865:
858:. 2021-06-10.
857:
853:
847:
839:
835:
829:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
786:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
750:
742:
736:
732:
725:
723:
713:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
678:
671:
667:
661:
657:
650:
646:
636:
635:Brain atrophy
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
612:
606:
602:
600:
596:
592:
582:
580:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
516:
514:
510:
509:leukoaraiosis
506:
502:
498:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
463:
460:
451:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
396:cranial nerve
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:basal ganglia
357:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
307:
297:
294:
292:
288:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
213:
209:
205:
198:
194:
189:
178:
172:
168:
165:
162:
160:
156:
153:
150:
148:
144:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:
112:
108:
105:
102:
100:
96:
93:
90:
88:
84:
79:
76:
73:
69:
64:
57:
52:
47:
43:
39:
35:
30:
25:
20:
6562:Neuroanatomy
6509:White matter
6508:
6406:White matter
6405:
6327:White matter
6326:
6252:
6190:White matter
6189:
5830:Zona incerta
5804:is glandular
5767:
5745:
5738:White matter
5737:
5719:Ventromedial
5682:
5641:
5591:Infundibulum
5562:Hypothalamus
5491:
5457:White matter
5456:
5435:Centromedian
5430:Intralaminar
5421:
5386:Metathalamus
5326:
5222:Pineal gland
5195:diencephalon
5141:(midbrain):
5059:White matter
5058:
5035:Mossy fibers
5020:Granule cell
5009:
5001:Fañanas cell
4985:
4966:
4929:
4881:
4869:
4836:
4814:
4596:
4560:Raphe nuclei
4341:White matter
4340:
4249:White matter
4248:
4125:Raphe nuclei
4028:
3880:
3814:
3752:
3689:
3568:Raphe nuclei
3336:White matter
3335:
3227:
3168:
2804:White matter
2803:
2669:Grey columns
2642:Cauda equina
2457:Gap junction
2379:Motor neuron
2173:Axon hillock
2149:nerve fibers
2103:Schwann cell
2013:
1996:
1974:
1892:Medium spiny
1805:White matter
1804:
1793:Tissue Types
1740:White matter
1693:
1689:
1640:
1636:
1625:
1614:. Retrieved
1610:the original
1596:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1517:(1): 51–61.
1514:
1510:
1504:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1363:
1312:
1308:
1268:
1262:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1161:
1131:
1127:
1117:
1079:(1): 26–38.
1076:
1072:
1066:
1025:
1021:
1015:
980:
976:
966:
913:
907:
874:
870:
864:
855:
846:
837:
828:
795:
791:
785:
760:
756:
749:
730:
712:
690:(3): 54–61.
687:
683:
677:
669:
655:
649:
603:
591:neuroimaging
588:
562:intelligence
547:
520:
517:
495:
487:inflammation
469:
461:
457:
448:
400:
353:
324:dopaminergic
309:
295:
289:. Schüz and
283:
264:
261:White matter
250:formaldehyde
235:
204:White matter
203:
202:
140:A14.1.06.201
136:A14.1.05.302
132:A14.1.05.102
128:A14.1.04.101
124:A14.1.02.201
120:A14.1.02.024
116:A14.1.00.009
91:
22:White matter
6452:Grey matter
6433:Archicortex
6376:Grey matter
6299:Grey matter
6088:Grey matter
6070:human brain
5924:Archicortex
5886:human brain
5817:Subthalamus
5724:Dorsomedial
5674:vasopressin
5601:Grey matter
5314:Grey matter
5247:Grey matter
5207:Epithalamus
5199:human brain
5094:(medulla):
5074:Arbor vitae
4977:Basket cell
4908:Grey matter
4679:Decussation
4522:Red nucleus
4433:Grey matter
4231:Grey matter
3828:Trigeminal
3150:Grey matter
3032:Olivospinal
3027:Raphespinal
3022:Tectospinal
2969:Raphespinal
2964:Rubrospinal
2895:Spinotectal
2747:Interneuron
2608:Spinal cord
2472:Active zone
2437:Termination
2287:Interneuron
2191:Telodendron
2099:Myelination
2081:Endoneurium
2076:Perineurium
1897:Interneuron
1887:Von Economo
1835:Decussation
1830:Nerve tract
1800:Grey matter
407:arbor vitae
392:red nucleus
356:spinal cord
306:Grey matter
300:Grey matter
291:Braitenberg
267:grey matter
246:capillaries
240:content of
193:human brain
81:Identifiers
38:grey matter
6551:Categories
5665:Supraoptic
5015:Golgi cell
4937:Emboliform
4931:interposed
4866:Hemisphere
4740:cerebellum
4118:Paramedian
3561:Paramedian
2542:Nociceptor
2282:Multipolar
2231:Nissl body
2108:Neurilemma
2071:Epineurium
1856:Cell Types
1616:2009-10-19
1269:Psychiatry
838:www.nm.org
641:References
530:depression
503:and other
403:cerebellum
212:myelinated
195:(taken by
34:Micrograph
6499:Subiculum
6176:Claustrum
5798:Posterior
5790:Pituitary
5634:Endocrine
5610:Autonomic
5084:Peduncles
4949:Fastigial
4882:posterior
4837:posterior
4783:Flocculus
4355:Lemnisci
4332:Tegmentum
4324:(Ventral)
4113:Tegmental
4091:reticular
3881:efferent:
3832:Principal
3815:afferent:
3692:: Sensory
3644:tegmentum
3228:efferent:
3169:afferent:
2820:Posterior
2557:Hair cell
2091:Neuroglia
2053:Funiculus
1942:Microglia
1915:Astrocyte
1872:Pyramidal
1825:Lemniscus
1478:0161-8105
1421:0161-8105
1329:0166-2236
1287:903956524
1246:0039-2499
1197:1064-7481
1109:219190542
1093:1474-7758
1042:1552-5260
940:0072-9752
763:: 27–47.
550:attention
388:brainstem
340:dendrites
256:Structure
46:HPS stain
6171:Amygdala
6097:Striatum
6064:Rostral
5907:Splenium
5802:anterior
5768:efferent
5746:afferent
5670:oxytocin
5422:midline:
5279:Thalamus
5227:Habenula
5139:Superior
5130:(pons):
5092:Inferior
5067:Internal
5033:Fibers:
4870:anterior
4815:anterior
4321:Peduncle
4186:(Dorsal)
4175:midbrain
3997:Ventral/
3868:Superior
3856:Anterior
3755:: Motor
3583:Pallidus
3573:Obscurus
3350:Sensory
3215:Inferior
3073:Ventral
3002:Anterior
2991:Anterior
2905:Anterior
2883:anterior
2647:Meninges
2342:Ia or Aα
2272:Unipolar
2221:Dendrite
2206:Axolemma
2201:Axoplasm
1985:Ganglion
1925:Tanycyte
1877:Purkinje
1864:Neuronal
1847:Meninges
1842:Neuropil
1720:21051624
1667:24336716
1588:19820707
1531:18157658
1496:25325459
1439:25142557
1347:18538868
1254:10978049
1205:24041523
1158:30875650
1101:18230707
1058:35593591
1050:28322203
1007:22458455
958:28987175
899:23799692
891:12548289
820:35293796
812:12794739
609:See also
466:Research
454:Function
390:nuclei (
350:Location
336:Cerebral
223:learning
71:Location
6522:Fimbria
6110:Putamen
6068:of the
5917:Rostrum
5912:Tapetum
5884:in the
5714:Lateral
5706:Emotion
5570:Surface
5364:Lateral
5335:Ventral
5327:paired:
5287:Surface
5215:Surface
5197:of the
4942:Globose
4925:Dentate
4830:Lingula
4747:Surface
4738:of the
4736:Anatomy
4667:Surface
4364:Lateral
4069:Surface
3653:Surface
3640:Dorsal/
3556:Lateral
3551:Ventral
3444:Pyramid
3430:Surface
3400:Ventral
3291:Ventral
3205:Lateral
3142:medulla
3088:Dorsal
2952:Lateral
2939:Lateral
2878:lateral
2866:ventral
2848:Lateral
2838:Cuneate
2833:Gracile
2812:Sensory
2484:Autapse
2445:Synapse
2292:Renshaw
2267:Bipolar
2144:Neurons
1997:Ventral
1968:General
1882:Granule
1711:3201847
1690:Science
1658:3858622
1579:2770457
1539:3354176
1487:4335530
1430:4153061
1338:2486416
1149:6440853
998:3390447
949:7149979
777:2302536
692:Bibcode
585:Imaging
368:putamen
320:melanin
312:neurons
104:D066127
66:Details
6517:Alveus
6365:Other
5972:Fornix
5964:Fornix
5683:other:
5411:K cell
5406:M cell
5401:P cell
5319:nuclei
5128:Middle
4842:Folium
4825:Culmen
4811:Vermis
4788:Nodule
4565:dorsal
4359:Medial
4183:Tectum
4130:Median
4103:Caudal
3851:Dorsal
3837:Spinal
3578:Magnus
3380:Motor
3344:Dorsal
3265:Dorsal
3210:Medial
2861:dorsal
2337:fibers
1975:Dorsal
1718:
1708:
1665:
1655:
1586:
1576:
1537:
1529:
1494:
1484:
1476:
1437:
1427:
1419:
1378:
1345:
1335:
1327:
1285:
1275:
1252:
1244:
1224:Stroke
1203:
1195:
1156:
1146:
1107:
1099:
1091:
1056:
1048:
1040:
1005:
995:
956:
946:
938:
928:
897:
889:
818:
810:
775:
737:
662:
597:where
564:, and
544:Volume
479:myelin
421:, and
386:) and
334:used.
314:. The
242:myelin
219:tracts
6164:Other
6016:Other
5612:zones
4852:Uvula
4847:Tuber
4754:Lobes
4597:White
4029:White
3753:White
3690:White
3461:Olive
3437:Front
3183:tract
2931:Motor
2773:Other
2260:Types
2157:Parts
2026:White
2007:Ramus
1990:Ramus
1907:Glial
1535:S2CID
1458:Sleep
1401:Sleep
1105:S2CID
1054:S2CID
895:S2CID
816:S2CID
757:Brain
483:axons
332:stain
271:brain
238:lipid
231:relay
215:axons
175:[
164:83929
87:Latin
6215:Genu
5902:Genu
5493:PCML
4641:Grey
4589:Base
4108:Oral
4011:Grey
4001:base
3801:Grey
3633:pons
3528:Grey
3477:Back
3047:Both
2183:Axon
2165:Soma
2021:Gray
2002:Root
1980:Root
1716:PMID
1663:PMID
1584:PMID
1527:PMID
1492:PMID
1474:ISSN
1435:PMID
1417:ISSN
1376:ISBN
1343:PMID
1325:ISSN
1283:OCLC
1273:ISBN
1250:PMID
1242:ISSN
1201:PMID
1193:ISSN
1154:PMID
1097:PMID
1089:ISSN
1046:PMID
1038:ISSN
1003:PMID
954:PMID
936:ISSN
926:ISBN
887:PMID
808:PMID
773:PMID
735:ISBN
660:ISBN
528:and
401:The
152:5366
111:TA98
99:MeSH
6480:CA4
6475:CA3
6470:CA2
6465:CA1
6153:GPi
6148:GPe
5357:VPL
5353:VPM
4479:GVE
4462:GSE
4450:GSA
4303:CSF
4053:MCP
3913:GVE
3904:GSE
3890:SVE
3824:GSA
2397:SVE
2392:GVE
2387:GSE
2332:SVA
2327:SSA
2322:GVA
2317:GSA
1960:PNS
1785:CNS
1706:PMC
1698:doi
1694:330
1653:PMC
1645:doi
1574:PMC
1566:doi
1519:doi
1482:PMC
1466:doi
1425:PMC
1409:doi
1368:doi
1333:PMC
1317:doi
1232:doi
1185:doi
1144:PMC
1136:doi
1132:197
1081:doi
1030:doi
993:PMC
985:doi
944:PMC
918:doi
879:doi
800:doi
796:462
765:doi
761:113
700:doi
688:298
322:in
197:MRI
159:FMA
147:TA2
6553::
5425:MD
5396:LG
5391:MG
5374:LP
5369:LD
5349:VP
5344:VL
5340:VA
5330:AN
4868::
4813::
4643:/
4599:/
3915::
3906::
3892::
3803::
2101::
1714:.
1704:.
1692:.
1688:.
1661:.
1651:.
1641:33
1639:.
1635:.
1604:.
1582:.
1572:.
1562:12
1560:.
1556:.
1533:.
1525:.
1515:34
1513:.
1490:.
1480:.
1472:.
1462:38
1460:.
1456:.
1433:.
1423:.
1415:.
1405:37
1403:.
1399:.
1374:.
1355:^
1341:.
1331:.
1323:.
1313:31
1311:.
1307:.
1295:^
1281:.
1248:.
1240:.
1228:31
1226:.
1222:.
1199:.
1191:.
1181:22
1179:.
1160:.
1152:.
1142:.
1130:.
1126:.
1103:.
1095:.
1087:.
1075:.
1052:.
1044:.
1036:.
1026:13
1024:.
1001:.
991:.
981:18
979:.
975:.
952:.
942:.
934:.
924:.
893:.
885:.
873:.
854:.
836:.
814:.
806:.
794:.
771:.
759:.
721:^
698:.
686:.
668:.
581:.
560:,
556:,
552:,
532:.
515:.
489:.
437:,
433:,
417:,
413:,
394:,
382:,
378:,
374:,
370:,
366:,
342:,
252:.
6440:/
6435::
6256::
6057:e
6050:t
6043:v
5874:e
5867:t
5860:v
5841:)
5837:(
5672:/
5645::
5579:/
5355:/
5351:/
5342:/
5316:/
5186:e
5179:t
5172:v
5117:)
5113:(
4728:e
4721:t
4714:v
4166:e
4159:t
4152:v
4003:)
3999:(
3646:)
3642:(
3624:e
3617:t
3610:v
3133:e
3126:t
3119:v
2600:e
2593:t
2586:v
2455:/
2376:/
2306:/
2243:/
2146:/
2044:)
2035:(
1769:e
1762:t
1755:v
1722:.
1700::
1669:.
1647::
1619:.
1590:.
1568::
1541:.
1521::
1498:.
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1441:.
1411::
1384:.
1370::
1349:.
1319::
1289:.
1256:.
1234::
1207:.
1187::
1138::
1111:.
1083::
1077:8
1060:.
1032::
1009:.
987::
960:.
920::
901:.
881::
875:6
840:.
822:.
802::
779:.
767::
743:.
706:.
702::
694::
362:(
179:]
48:.
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