106:
20:
358:
304:
263:
164:) have also started holding WCCs. The ceremony is no longer limited to medical students; starting in 1995, US pharmacy schools started holding WCCs, with the difference that most pharmacy students receive their coats at the end of their first academic year. In 2003 a survey found that the majority of US pharmacy schools hold WCCs. An
193:
On
October 13, 2010, the faculty of medicine at the University of Cologne, Germany, became the first German-speaking University to integrate this ritual into its programme. Initiated by then-student representative Hormos Salimi Dafsari in Cologne, the ceremony has been spread to various German cities
96:
of nineteenth-century medicine. To emphasize the transition to the more scientific approach to modern medicine, physicians sought to represent themselves as scientists and began to wear the most recognizable symbol of the scientist - the white laboratory coat. This led to the more recent association
428:
In years past, white coats were generally reserved for attending or faculty physicians who wore long white coats, resident physicians who wore long or medium-length coats, and medical students, who wore short white coats. Increasingly, non-physicians and non-medical students wear white coats in the
136:
for the first time at commencement. This ceremony marks a change in tradition, introducing students to the Oath before starting their first year of study. This was intended to provide students with well-defined guidelines regarding the expectations and responsibilities appropriate for the medical
432:
In general, medical students are prohibited from wearing a long white coat. In many hospitals, non-physicians like phlebotomists, nurses, nurse practitioners, nursing students, physician assistant students, are permitted to wear long coats. Some physicians and medical students have expressed
168:-sponsored version of the WCC, or a similar rite of passage, is currently used by 97 percent of Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC)-accredited schools of medicine in the United States, and takes place at medical and osteopathic schools in 13 other countries.
85:, although it is notable that the white coat is a recent adoption by the medical profession. However, in many medical schools around the world students begin wearing their white coats during first-year anatomy class, so there is no official white coat ceremony.
55:'s transition from the study of preclinical to clinical health sciences. At some schools, where students begin meeting patients early in their education, the white coat ceremony is held before the first year begins. It is an example of a
429:
hospital setting. Some physicians recommend against wearing a white coat for infection control reasons, but other physicians don't wear a white coat because it no longer reliably identifies a physician in a clinical care setting.
214:
On
February 28, 2011, the Faculty of Medicine at the UniversitĂ del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro" in Novara became the first Italian medical school to introduce a white coat ceremony for its third-year students.
236:
On
December 6, 2012, the School of Medicine at the All American Institute of Medical Sciences, Jamaica, became the first in Jamaica to introduce this ritual, for its Basic Sciences medical students.
132:, a teacher and pediatric neurologist, created the first full-fledged WCC at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. Before this ceremony, medical students typically received the
718:
249:
On
September 18, 2019, the Faculty of Medicine of Tunis became the first in Tunisia to introduce this ritual in collaboration with Hygie Organization for the Promotion of Ethics.
793:
240:
165:
855:
433:
frustration that a medical student has to "earn" a long white coat by completing medical school, but other professionals do not have to complete medical school.
125:
211:
In
September 2011, Jagiellonian University in KrakĂłw became the first medical school in Poland to introduce a white coat ceremony for the incoming class.
219:
226:, became the first Romanian university to integrate this ritual, for its first-year medical students, into the symbolism of developing as a physician.
917:
955:
243:
for
Humanism in Medicine partnered with the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) to pilot the White Coat Ceremony at nursing schools.
787:
692:
129:
722:
820:
205:
643:
314:
201:'s (Australia) School of Pharmacy became the first in Australia to adopt the ceremony for its incoming Bachelor of Pharmacy students.
142:
138:
246:
On July 13, 2017, the medical school of the
University Of Tripoli became the first Libyan University to introduce this event.
868:
276:
982:
93:
368:
1047:
671:
1019:
415:
397:
339:
290:
956:"American Association of Colleges of Nursing - The Arnold P. Gold Foundation and AACN Initiate White Coat Ceremony"
74:
in the journey toward a healthcare career. Some schools also use this as a graduation from the entire program.
1001:
137:
profession prior to their first day of class. Since its conception at
Columbia, the WCC has spread rapidly to
921:
183:
466:
77:
According to some, WCCs have taken on a quasi-religious significance which symbolizes a "conversion" of a
959:
121:
798:
696:
1052:
442:
379:
230:
744:
Brown DL, Ferrill MJ, Pankaskie MC (October 2003). "White coat ceremonies in US schools of pharmacy".
233:
became the first university in
Austria to celebrate a white coat ceremony of its third-year students.
1057:
148:
Since starting in the US, several medical schools in countries outside of the United States (such as
719:"New York Medical College School of Medicine Welcomes 200 Entering Students at White Coat Ceremony"
282:
198:
171:
In
December 2006 the first white coat ceremony was held by Fatima Jinnah Dental College (FJDC), in
70:
Over 100 medical schools in the United States now have a WCC, and many students now consider it a
590:
Hardy, Susan and Corones, Anthony, "Dressed to Heal: The Changing Semiotics of Surgical Dress",
187:
828:
375:
321:
117:
88:
In the nineteenth century respect for the certainty of science was in stark contrast to the
194:
such as Leipzig and Halle via channels of the German Medical Students' Association (bvmd).
81:
into a member of the healthcare profession and is similar to a priest's ordination to the
8:
1042:
892:
769:
555:
530:
508:
153:
578:
208:
was the first medical school in Poland, that has introduced the White Coat Ceremony.
761:
624:
560:
512:
500:
105:
858:" Bundesvertretung der Medizinstudierenden in Deutschland e.V. (bvmd) Knowledge Page
773:
788:"The Arnold P. Gold Foundation White Coat Ceremony - The Arnold P. Gold Foundation"
753:
616:
595:
550:
542:
492:
133:
190:
in Rotterdam also participated in holding the ceremony at their medical faculty.
71:
845:" White Coat Ceremony Winter 2010 Cologne, Key Note Speech Hormos Salimi Dafsari
496:
48:
843:
White Coat Ceremony Winter 2010 Cologne, Key Note Speech Hormos Salimi Dafsari
842:
483:
Russell PC (2002). "The White Coat Ceremony: turning trust into entitlement".
1036:
942:
56:
765:
620:
564:
504:
109:
628:
59:. The ritual is a recent invention, first being popularized in the 1990s.
546:
82:
78:
757:
186:
Amsterdam, it was the first ceremony held in The Netherlands. In 2011
577:
Jones VA, "The White Coat: Why not Follow Suit?" JAMA. 1999;281:478.
112:
students taking a group photo following the 2013 White coat ceremony
856:
Bundesvertretung der Medizinstudierenden in Deutschland e.V. (bvmd)
176:
89:
19:
918:"www.cm-uj.krakow.pl - Uniwersytet Jagielloński Collegium Medicum"
607:
Jones VA (February 1999). "The white coat: why not follow suit?".
223:
172:
52:
28:
126:
Columbia University’s Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
161:
157:
44:
97:
of the white coat with medicine since its continued adoption.
149:
24:
220:
University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Gr. T. POPA" of Iasi
182:
In October 2008 the white coat ceremony was held at the
62:
WCCs typically involve a formal "coating" of students.
743:
367:
may contain excessive or inappropriate references to
983:"White coats should no longer be worn by physicians"
124:
in 1989, but the first full-fledged ceremony was at
218:On October 5, 2012, the Faculty of Medicine at the
467:For New Medical Students, White Coats Are a Warmup
644:"Celebrating 20 Years of the White Coat Ceremony"
1034:
1020:"Should white coats be only worn by physicians?"
51:and other health-related fields that marks the
666:
664:
941:"Debutto per la Cerimonia del Camice Bianco,
661:
291:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1002:"The white coat doesn't mean much anymore"
897:University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
869:"White Coat Ceremony | School of Medicine"
491:(1). National Library of Medicine: 56–59.
206:University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
554:
531:"White coat ceremonies: a second opinion"
528:
416:Learn how and when to remove this message
398:Learn how and when to remove this message
340:Learn how and when to remove this message
999:
980:
606:
524:
522:
461:
459:
457:
104:
18:
482:
1035:
641:
519:
454:
378:by removing references to unreliable
311:This section may contain information
382:where they are used inappropriately.
351:
297:
256:
145:, optometry, and nursing worldwide.
13:
1000:Gandolfo, Frederick (2016-05-06).
981:Gandolfo, Frederick (2019-08-06).
14:
1069:
596:doi=10.1080/1362704X.2015.1077653
485:Teaching and Learning in Medicine
272:This section has multiple issues.
356:
302:
261:
1012:
993:
974:
948:
935:
910:
885:
861:
848:
835:
813:
780:
737:
711:
693:"White Coat Ceremony - History"
280:or discuss these issues on the
685:
635:
600:
584:
571:
476:
252:
65:
1:
448:
184:VU University Medical Center
7:
827:(in German). Archived from
529:Veatch RM (February 2002).
497:10.1207/S15328015TLM1401_13
436:
122:Pritzker School of Medicine
16:Ceremony in medical schools
10:
1076:
648:Columbia Medicine Magazine
642:Uscher, Jen (2013-12-13).
443:Pinning ceremony (nursing)
231:Medical University of Graz
100:
1048:Fashion-related occasions
794:Arnold P. Gold Foundation
317:to the article's subject.
241:Arnold P. Gold Foundation
166:Arnold P. Gold Foundation
229:On October 8, 2012, the
199:University of Queensland
825:Fachschaft Medizin Köln
197:On April 12, 2010, the
141:, dentistry, pharmacy,
23:White coat ceremony in
621:10.1001/jama.281.5.478
369:self-published sources
188:Erasmus Medical Center
128:in 1993. In 1993, Dr.
113:
32:
821:"White Coat Ceremony"
672:"White Coat Ceremony"
315:important or relevant
118:University of Chicago
108:
22:
322:improve this section
143:osteopathic medicine
594:, (2015), pp.1-23.
204:On April 29, 2011,
139:schools of medicine
116:WCCs originated in
49:schools of medicine
37:white coat ceremony
547:10.1136/jme.28.1.5
473:, 18 October 1999.
465:Warren, Peter M. "
154:Dominican Republic
152:, Israel, Canada,
114:
33:
1053:Medical education
758:10.1345/aph.1D124
471:Los Angeles Times
426:
425:
418:
408:
407:
400:
350:
349:
342:
295:
1065:
1058:Rites of passage
1028:
1027:
1016:
1010:
1009:
997:
991:
990:
978:
972:
971:
969:
967:
958:. Archived from
952:
946:
939:
933:
932:
930:
929:
920:. Archived from
914:
908:
907:
905:
904:
889:
883:
882:
880:
879:
865:
859:
852:
846:
839:
833:
832:
817:
811:
810:
808:
806:
797:. Archived from
784:
778:
777:
746:Ann Pharmacother
741:
735:
734:
732:
730:
721:. Archived from
715:
709:
708:
706:
704:
695:. Archived from
689:
683:
682:
680:
678:
668:
659:
658:
656:
654:
639:
633:
632:
604:
598:
588:
582:
575:
569:
568:
558:
526:
517:
516:
480:
474:
463:
421:
414:
403:
396:
392:
389:
383:
360:
359:
352:
345:
338:
334:
331:
325:
306:
305:
298:
287:
265:
264:
257:
134:Hippocratic Oath
1075:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1018:
1017:
1013:
998:
994:
979:
975:
965:
963:
954:
953:
949:
940:
936:
927:
925:
916:
915:
911:
902:
900:
893:"UWM Chronicle"
891:
890:
886:
877:
875:
867:
866:
862:
853:
849:
840:
836:
819:
818:
814:
804:
802:
786:
785:
781:
742:
738:
728:
726:
717:
716:
712:
702:
700:
691:
690:
686:
676:
674:
670:
669:
662:
652:
650:
640:
636:
605:
601:
589:
585:
576:
572:
527:
520:
481:
477:
464:
455:
451:
439:
422:
411:
410:
409:
404:
393:
387:
384:
373:
361:
357:
346:
335:
329:
326:
319:
307:
303:
266:
262:
255:
103:
72:rite of passage
68:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1073:
1072:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1030:
1029:
1011:
992:
973:
947:
943:NovaraOggi.com
934:
909:
884:
860:
847:
834:
831:on 2014-03-28.
812:
779:
752:(10): 1414–9.
736:
710:
684:
660:
634:
599:
592:Fashion Theory
583:
570:
518:
475:
452:
450:
447:
446:
445:
438:
435:
424:
423:
406:
405:
364:
362:
355:
348:
347:
310:
308:
301:
296:
270:
269:
267:
260:
254:
251:
130:Arnold P. Gold
102:
99:
67:
64:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1071:
1070:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1026:. 2016-05-07.
1025:
1021:
1015:
1007:
1003:
996:
988:
984:
977:
962:on 2014-07-08
961:
957:
951:
944:
938:
924:on 2014-12-13
923:
919:
913:
898:
894:
888:
874:
873:wl.uwm.edu.pl
870:
864:
857:
851:
844:
838:
830:
826:
822:
816:
801:on 2015-10-13
800:
796:
795:
789:
783:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
740:
725:on 2015-08-03
724:
720:
714:
699:on 2015-12-07
698:
694:
688:
673:
667:
665:
649:
645:
638:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
603:
597:
593:
587:
580:
574:
566:
562:
557:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
525:
523:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
479:
472:
468:
462:
460:
458:
453:
444:
441:
440:
434:
430:
420:
417:
402:
399:
391:
381:
377:
371:
370:
365:This section
363:
354:
353:
344:
341:
333:
323:
318:
316:
309:
300:
299:
294:
292:
285:
284:
279:
278:
273:
268:
259:
258:
250:
247:
244:
242:
237:
234:
232:
227:
225:
221:
216:
212:
209:
207:
202:
200:
195:
191:
189:
185:
180:
178:
174:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
146:
144:
140:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
111:
107:
98:
95:
91:
86:
84:
80:
75:
73:
63:
60:
58:
57:matriculation
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
30:
26:
21:
1023:
1014:
1005:
995:
986:
976:
964:. Retrieved
960:the original
950:
937:
926:. Retrieved
922:the original
912:
901:. Retrieved
899:. 2014-10-01
896:
887:
876:. Retrieved
872:
863:
850:
837:
829:the original
824:
815:
803:. Retrieved
799:the original
791:
782:
749:
745:
739:
727:. Retrieved
723:the original
713:
701:. Retrieved
697:the original
687:
675:. Retrieved
651:. Retrieved
647:
637:
612:
608:
602:
591:
586:
573:
538:
535:J Med Ethics
534:
488:
484:
478:
470:
431:
427:
412:
394:
385:
374:Please help
366:
336:
327:
320:Please help
312:
288:
281:
275:
274:Please help
271:
248:
245:
239:In 2014 the
238:
235:
228:
217:
213:
210:
203:
196:
192:
181:
170:
147:
115:
110:RCSI Bahrain
87:
76:
69:
61:
40:
36:
34:
1024:KevinMD.com
1006:KevinMD.com
987:KevinMD.com
253:Controversy
66:Description
1043:Ceremonies
1037:Categories
928:2014-12-11
903:2021-02-21
878:2021-02-21
615:(5): 478.
541:(1): 5–9.
449:References
376:improve it
277:improve it
83:priesthood
79:lay person
966:28 August
805:28 August
729:28 August
703:28 August
677:28 August
653:28 August
579:Full Text
513:219640050
388:June 2024
330:June 2024
283:talk page
94:mysticism
774:40895980
766:14519030
565:11834749
505:11865752
437:See also
177:Pakistan
90:quackery
47:in some
629:9952213
556:1733513
380:sources
224:Romania
173:Karachi
101:History
53:student
43:) is a
29:Austria
772:
764:
627:
563:
553:
511:
503:
162:Poland
158:Brazil
45:ritual
31:, 2012
770:S2CID
509:S2CID
968:2015
807:2015
792:The
762:PMID
731:2015
705:2015
679:2015
655:2015
625:PMID
609:JAMA
561:PMID
501:PMID
313:not
160:and
150:Iran
92:and
35:The
25:Graz
754:doi
617:doi
613:281
551:PMC
543:doi
493:doi
120:'s
41:WCC
1039::
1022:.
1004:.
985:.
895:.
871:.
823:.
790:.
768:.
760:.
750:37
748:.
663:^
646:.
623:.
611:.
559:.
549:.
539:28
537:.
533:.
521:^
507:.
499:.
489:14
487:.
469:"
456:^
286:.
222:,
179:.
175:,
156:,
27:,
1008:.
989:.
970:.
945:"
931:.
906:.
881:.
854:"
841:"
809:.
776:.
756::
733:.
707:.
681:.
657:.
631:.
619::
581:.
567:.
545::
515:.
495::
419:)
413:(
401:)
395:(
390:)
386:(
372:.
343:)
337:(
332:)
328:(
324:.
293:)
289:(
39:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
