637:, players compete individually, not in pairs, and after each hand has been dealt must name the number of tricks to take, scoring one point per trick and a bonus 10 for matching their contract. All 52 cards are dealt for the first hand, 48 for the second, 44 the next and so until a 13th round with just one trick. Trumps are pre-defined for each hand in sequence as: hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades, no trumps, lose all with no trumps â where players lose 10 points per trick taken and some players invariably end up in negative points â hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades, hearts, clubs, diamonds. The total number of tricks bid each round cannot match the number of tricks available, so the dealer each hand must bid with this constraint in mind â sometimes this constraint is waived for the final round if players agree in advance. The winner is the player who has accumulated the most points at the end of the final round.
170:
3313:
528:
No Trumps (5 points per tick won), Misery (lose 5 points per trick 'won'), Blind (betting on number of tricks before cards are seen). Following the mid-section, seven further rounds are played, starting with seven cards and reducing to one. Trumps each round are pre-designated, following the pattern hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades. Scoring is based on 10 points for a correct bet, 1 point for every trick won (whether wanted or not).
851:
303:
34:
808:("ace partner") in which the bidder chooses his partner by calling an ace, who becomes a blind partner, and only revealed by playing the partner ace. Is also often played with 2 or 3 jokers as automatic suit-breaking trump cards. McLeod records two types: one with fixed partnerships and one in which the partner is called by an Ace.
1315:, whist is mentioned three times: in Chapter 18 ("A Retrospect") as the pastime of Mr. Chestle, the future husband of Miss Larkins; in Chapter 37 ("A Little Cold Water"), Mr. Mills is said to frequent a whist club; and in Chapter 41 ("Dora's Aunts"), as the game played by Mr. Pidger (more precisely in the form of short whist).
1415:, the Prince tells him, "Lord Melbourne, forgive me but you seem to have confused me with a member of your club. I am not your drinking companion nor your whist partner. I am the husband of your sovereign. And as such, I will make my own decisions, and I neither seek nor invite your advice. Good evening."
1241:
At the sound of that name, falling unexpectedly into this annoying affair, the
Assistant Commissioner dismissed brusquely the vague remembrance of his daily whist party at his club. It was the most comforting habit of his life, in a mainly successful display of his skill without the assistance of any
290:
The play at Whist is the simplest form of
Triumph and has been used by many other games. Eldest Hand, the player on Dealer's left, leads to the first trick. Dealer picks up the trump card when it is their turn to play. Players must follow suit if they can, and if they can't follow suit may discard or
417:
The play of a lower honour even though holding a higher one, hoping that the intermediate honour is held by a player who has already played to the trick. To give an example: you hold the ace and queen of hearts. Your right-hand antagonist leads a heart, from which you infer that he holds the king of
527:
Dutch whist, similar to diminishing contract whist, where up to seven players compete to win the most points by betting at the start of each round how many tricks they will win. In Dutch whist, players start with one card in round one and go up to seven cards, then play a mid section of rounds with
317:
Short Whist in
Britain was played with a game five odd tricks and the first pair to win two games won the Rubber. Honours were optional with a pair holding three of the top four Honours getting one trick bonus, and all four top honours a two trick bonus. In America game was seven odd tricks. Long
281:
Dealer chooses a pack, which their side will deal through out, and passes it to the player on their left to be shuffled. Dealer then picks up the pack, and may give it a last shuffle, before passing to the player on their right to cut. Dealer then completes the cut and deals 13 cards to each player
193:
as the most popular descendant of
Triumph played in England during the 17th Century. Whist is described as a simpler, more staid, version of Ruff and Honours with the twos removed instead of having a stock. In the 18th Century Whist, played with a 52 card pack, would supersede Ruff and Honours. The
1453:
who refuses to pay him in full for a hired killing. "I spent a long time waiting for the cavalry, me. One time, me and my comrades waited three days. When the cavalry finally came, an officer on the back of a fine white horse joked that he'd been delayed playing a game of whist. So, I took out my
713:
in which players try to predict the exact number of tricks they will take and will be 'blobbed in' if wrong. Can be played with four or five players. Six cards each, total number of tricks bid for in each hand cannot add up to six. Person to left of dealer nominates trumps or no trumps and then
272:
A standard 52-card pack is used and the game is played
Clockwise. By the time of Whist, the Ace had been promoted to top honour, so the cards are ranked: A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2. Whist is played by four players who draw cards to decided partnerships and the Dealer. The two lowest cards play
1162:
describes a high-stakes whist game between Jamie Fraser, "who was indeed an excellent card player. He also knew most of the possible ways of cheating at cards. However, whist was difficult, if not impossible to cheat at", and Phylip Wylie, who had angered Fraser by making advances to his
244:, which became the standard text. In his book, Jones outlined a comprehensive history of Whist, and suggested that its ancestors could include a game called Trionf, mentioned by a sixteenth century Italian poet named Berni, and a game called Trump (or Triumph), mentioned in Shakespeare's
1138:, the game is referenced numerous times as an aristocratic pursuit played frequently at the Vincy residence. In particular, the clergyman Mr. Farebrother supplements his income by playing for money, a pursuit looked down upon by many of his parishioners.
1303:
The rubber was conducted with all that gravity of deportment and sedateness of demeanour which befit the pursuit entitled "whist"âa solemn observance, to which, as it appears to us, the title of "game" has been very irreverently and ignominiously
1242:
subordinate. He entered his club to play from five to seven, before going home to dinner, forgetting for those two hours whatever was distasteful in his life, as though the game were a beneficent drug for allaying the pangs of moral discontent.
827:
In it, the winning (or sometimes losing, dependent on the local custom) pair of a hand "progress" around the room, i.e. one person moves up the table sequence and one person moves down. On arriving at the new table, the next hand is played.
814:
Progressive whist or compass whist â a competition format in which two players from each table move to the next table after a fixed number of games which are played to a fixed format, e.g. with the designated trump suit changing each
507:
classifies this family into a number of sub-groups: the auction whist, Boston, classic whist and exact bidding groups, and games played by numbers of players other than four. The following is a selection within each sub-group.
325:
When playing for stakes a game is one point. Game where opponents score 1 or 2 tricks is a double game and game where opponents don't score any tricks is a triple game. There is a two point bonus for winning the Rubber.
257:
In the early 1890s, Whist was quickly replaced by the new game of Bridge in clubs. Whist was still played as a social game, in club individual duplicate cardplay competitions, and later at charitable social events called
355:
2nd hand usually plays low, especially with a single honour. However, it is often correct to split honours (play the lower of two touching honours) and to cover a J or 10 when holding Qx and cover a Q when holding the
865:
656:(also played in south Asia), a variation of court piece in which tricks are only captured when the same player wins two tricks in succession. The player then captures all the unclaimed tricks up to that point.
516:
The auction whist group is a family of games with the characteristics of whist â an auction for the right to choose trumps won by the highest contract or largest number of tricks â and fixed partnerships.
321:
Modern Short Whist is commonly played with three
Honours worth two points and all four Honours worth four points. A pair with four points is unable to win game by Honours and needs to make an odd trick.
948:
Whist has long been noted for its influence upon what is termed the calculating power; and men of the highest order of intellect have been known to take an apparently unaccountable delight in it, ...
1222:
laments his inability to play well under pressure. "I suffered similarly whenever I played chess or whist, which excited me so terribly that I always had nightmares from the thought of how I
418:
the same suit and wishes to draw the ace, in order to make his king. You however play the queen, and win the trick; still retaining your ace, ready to win again when he plays his king.
490:
The suit chosen by the last-dealt card that will beat all other suits regardless of rank. If two or more trump cards are played in a single trick, the highest-ranking trump wins it.
811:
Ladder whist â A student game that is effectively the opposite of knock-out whist. Players start as 'dogs' with just one card each and win the game by achieving a hand of 7 cards.
861:
1177:
notes that "his fondness for card-playing, which, although in his early years he had given up games of chance, still led him to squander but too much time upon whist."
720:, oh pshaw, or nomination whist â game for three to seven players in which the number of cards dealt is usually increased or decreased by one in each successive deal.
393:
One card at a time is given to each player by the dealer starting with the player on the dealer's left and proceeding clockwise until the deck is fully distributed.
575:
834:
A progressive whist drive is normally 24 hands, with each hand being a different trump. Trumps normally follow the sequence: hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades.
824:
A whist drive is a social event at which progressive games of whist are played across a number of tables which are numbered or ordered into a sequence.
2018:
1083:, a character Hlestakov lies about playing whist with a group of influential ambassadors to look important. It is also prominent in Gogol's poema, "
935:, "The Underside of the Cards of a Game of Whist", traces the secret affair between a lady and an expert whist player, leading to an horrific act.
411:
In some variations, a hand is turned face up and is played from by the player seated opposite. This allows the game to be played by three players.
264:. There are many modern variants of whist still played for fun, though whist can still be played online following the same rules as 300 years ago.
442:
In some variations, extra points are assigned after a game to a team if they were dealt the ace, king, queen, and jack (knave) of the trump suit.
352:
1st hand: It is usual to lead the king from a sequence of honours that includes it, including AK (the lead of an ace therefore denies the king).
254:. Whist by now was governed by elaborate and rigid rules covering the laws of the game, etiquette and play which took time to study and master.
590:
242:
The
Principles of Whist Stated and Explained, and Its Practice Illustrated on an Original System, by Means of Hands Played Completely Through
969:
His only pastime was reading the papers and playing whist. He frequently won at this quiet game, so very appropriate to his nature; ...
680:â in which there are no trumps, and hands can be played to win tricks or to lose tricks; see also the very similar game of Norwegian whist.
1211:, members of the Falconeri family and the priest play the game, much to the joy of a Piedmontese guest, reassured of their civilized ways.
499:
As Whist is the simplest form of
Triumph played with full 52 card pack and developed formal rules, it formed the basis of many subsequent
291:
play a trump. The trick is won by the highest card of the suit led, unless trumps are played to the trick, when the highest trump wins.
294:
Before the next trick starts, a player may ask to review the cards from the last trick. The winner of the trick leads to the next trick.
221:
Whist was first played on scientific principles by gentlemen in the Crown Coffee House in
Bedford Row, London, around 1728, according to
1631:
454:
Rare or obsolete. To prevent one's adversary from scoring a treble or in the phrase 'save one's lurch' to just escape losing the game .
1428:
is mentioned to have become impoverished after her father lost their fortune at whist, along with various other references throughout.
921:", the banker Mr. Merryweather complains that he is missing his regular rubber of whist in order to help Holmes catch a bank robber.
562:
is a
Russian card-game also known as Russian whist, with an ascending auction similar to bridge and more complex scoring than whist.
1386:
962:
924:
169:
690:
in which partners communicate about their cards, and one directs the play of the other. Good for teaching learners and children.
2011:
1932:
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which was widely played in the 18th and 19th centuries. Although the rules are simple, there is scope for strategic play.
478:
A suit holding containing the highest and third-highest of the suit or (the "minor tenace") second- and fourth-highest.
550:â a contract-type game similar to bid whist; the game's name comes from the fact that spades is always the trump suit.
1656:
1558:
384:
3371:
3316:
2004:
1454:
Webley revolver and I shot him in the head, stole his horse, reported him for cowardice. All for a game of chance."
910:
1680:
643:â played in Britain; a game where individuals can bid to win five, nine or thirteen tricks or to lose every trick.
3386:
3381:
1425:
1341:
describes a game of whist played by a group of dinner guests, one of whom is ridiculed for not knowing the rules.
1381:) mentions he plays whist, and is so good that nobody in his hometown will play with him because he always wins.
917:", Brenda Tregennis plays whist with her brothers George, Mortimer and Owen shortly before she is murdered. In "
3322:
1703:
349:
may also be a good lead, aiming at trumping in that suit, as one's partner should normally return the suit led.
273:
together, and choose their seats facing each other. Highest card is Dealer and 2nd highest is their partner.
942:
884:
504:
346:
1255:, whist was the most frequently played card game in her social circle while she lived in Richmond, Virginia.
342:
3193:
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1208:
1198:(it was also noted that The Shade would regularly win at whist, while Savage would regularly win at poker).
1096:
229:, suspected to be a member of this group, began to tutor wealthy young gentlemen in the game and published
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2040:
1112:, the characters contrast the solemnity of the funeral ceremony with the desire to escape and play whist.
99:
371:
364:
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2031:
1433:
1027:
880:
2500:
1009:
736:â game in which players try to predict the exact number of tricks they will take; similar to oh hell.
250:. Many subsequent editions and enlargements of Jones's book were published using the simpler title
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1121:
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580:
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831:
By convention the pair who sits has shuffled and deals after the arriving pair has cut the pack.
436:
Thirteen tricks. (52 cards in the deck divided by four players equals thirteen cards per player.)
363:
can be a useful technique, especially in trumps where honours cannot be trumped if they are not
3076:
2762:
1412:
1333:
1042:
Miss Elizabeth Bennett and Mr. Wickham discuss Mr. Darcy during a whist party in chapter 16 of
930:
982:
series. Hornblower is featured as living off his winnings from playing whist while a half-pay
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3138:
3081:
2088:
1690:
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1186:
1066:
918:
761:, trumps (UK) or diminishing whist â game in which a player who wins no tricks is eliminated.
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2275:
2187:
1474:
1354:, whist is mentioned in several scenes; StanisĆaw Wokulski and Tomasz ĆÄcki play for money.
1149:
talks about playing whist with an ex-girlfriend during a chapter on her husband's insomnia.
246:
237:
544:â a Finnish variant of vint, which became common in Finland while it was a part of Russia.
8:
2285:
2270:
1973:
1292:
1248:
1048:
914:
233:
in 1742. It became the standard text and rules for the game for the next hundred years.
1529:
556:(played in the Arab world, a game in which the person who wins the bid picks the trump).
524:â a partnership game with bidding, popular among African Americans in the United States.
3159:
3096:
3045:
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2140:
1403:
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1981:
318:
Whist was also played where game was 9 or 10 odd tricks, usually played with Honours.
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Discards are usually low cards of an unwanted suit. However, when the opponents are
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994:
913:", Ronald Adair plays whist at one of his clubs shortly before he is murdered. In "
706:
341:
For the opening lead, it is best to lead your strongest suit, which is usually the
190:
181:
of a session of the Women's Whist Club Congress, April 1906, in St. Louis, Missouri
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2065:
1996:
1942:
1899:
1590:
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1297:
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1005:
938:
906:
758:
696:â four-hand Swedish game with two contracts: red (positive) and black (negative).
677:
634:
374:
a suit preference signal is given by throwing a low card of one's strongest suit.
307:
2807:
2767:
1733:
Official Rules of Card Games, United States Playing Card Company, 59th ed., 1973
3366:
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1574:
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314:
A point is scored for each odd trick (trick in excess of six) won by a pair.
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1968:
1920:
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1235:
1116:
1074:
784:(also known as Scotch whist) â two to eight players, 36 cards related to the
781:
723:
693:
618:
359:
3rd hand usually plays high, though play the lowest of touching honours. The
20:
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1969:
Whist on the Internet Archive (includes a number of 19th century manuals)
1865:
1518:
Waddingtons Family Card Games, Robert Harbin, Pan Books Ltd, London, 1972
1395:
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and was used mainly to portray gambling much the same way poker is today.
953:
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1988:
1958:
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The Pan Book of Card Games, Hubert Phillips, Pan Books Ltd, London, 1960
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1963:
1484:
1398:) mentions and is seen playing whist several times throughout the film.
1279:
1266:, the game is mentioned as a way Ajarry was sold to another slaveowner.
1169:
1084:
986:, and famously playing whist with subordinate officers before a battle.
983:
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771:
is dealt, which players have the option to exchange for their own hand.
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603:
531:
1742:
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Reaching a total score agreed beforehand to be the score played up to.
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1807:
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1649:
Card Night: Classic Games, Classic Decks, and the History Behind Them
1191:
1181:
730:, in which one tries to bid the exact number of tricks one will take.
683:
669:
630:
595:
521:
405:
The pack of cards used for playing comprising 52 cards in four suits.
158:
43:
2145:
625:
Diminishing contract whist â British variant, combining elements of
3222:
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2707:
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2622:
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19th-century whist scoring counter, depicting the departure of
33:
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one at a time, dealing their last card face up to set trumps.
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2060:
2054:
767:â Also called widow whist, a three-player variant in which a
1624:
837:
Sometimes a break for refreshments is taken after 12 hands.
3280:
3262:
3247:
3169:
1494:
659:
612:â played in 19th-century Europe, played by Count Rostov in
559:
535:
430:
The winning, by one team, of all thirteen tricks in a hand.
1527:
1579:. Longmans, Green, and Co. (New York, London), 269 pages.
755:â British two-player adaptation of whist without bidding.
1837:
1835:
1553:
Oxford Dictionary of Card Games, p. 340, David Parlett
1847:
740:
1832:
1784:
1772:
1651:. Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. p. 167.
472:
The winning, by one team, of twelve tricks in a hand.
240:, writing under the pseudonym "Cavendish", published
1283:
book series, the game is played by the protagonists.
2026:
945:", alluding to the analytical mind needed to play:
329:Whist can be scored with a pen and paper, or with
1724:Notes and queries, p. 328 â Bell & Daldy 1863
3358:
194:game takes its name from the 17th-century word
2012:
1941:
1686:
798:. Combines several whist variants, including
775:
1591:"Wistful - Define Wistful at Dictionary.com"
1194:is a whist player, and enjoyed playing with
928:
803:
573:
1087:", and mentioned in Gogol's short stories "
1052:. The game is also mentioned in her books
667:
588:
534:â a predecessor and more primitive form of
2019:
2005:
484:Four cards played one each by the players.
399:The player who deals the cards for a hand.
1619:
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1611:
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168:
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1531:English Whist and English Whist players
3359:
1115:Whist is played by many characters in
1039:is an extremely skillful whist player.
840:
749:â a three-player variant of bid whist.
700:
647:
511:
2000:
1975:A short treatise on the game of whist
1635:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911.
1608:
941:briefly mentioned whist in his tale "
909:detective stories feature whist. In "
231:A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist
1665:
1646:
1569:
1534:. London: Richard Bentley & Son.
844:
1528:Courtney, William Prideaux (1894).
1431:In series 5 of the television show
741:Whists for other numbers of players
13:
875:by removing the content or adding
214:, which is the root of the modern
14:
3398:
1952:
915:The Adventure of the Devil's Foot
448:The first card played in a trick.
385:Glossary of contract bridge terms
3312:
3311:
1990:The Laws and Principles of Whist
1947:. Oxford University Press. 1872.
911:The Adventure of the Empty House
849:
335:
259:
32:
1913:
1893:
1877:
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1823:
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1796:
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1696:
1441:recalls a story of his time in
963:Around the World in Eighty Days
956:uses whist playing to describe
572:Belgian whist or colour whist (
566:
1925:The Penguin book of card games
1639:
1583:
1563:
1547:
1538:
1521:
1512:
905:Three of Arthur Conan Doyle's
819:
602:) â a Belgian game similar to
378:
1:
1964:Whist Counters, Whist Markers
1811:. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
1769:. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
1675:Cambridge Dictionaries Online
1505:
974:Whist figures extensively in
943:The Murders in the Rue Morgue
714:becomes dealer for next hand.
674:(an originally Persian game).
1209:Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa
1035:mentions several times that
187:The Complete Gamester (1674)
42:by the British printing Co.
7:
3341:Tarot and Tarock card games
3332:Non trick-taking card games
1751:. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
1458:
1411:tries to provide advice to
1387:Around the World in 80 Days
1365:
1190:series it is revealed that
494:
10:
3403:
1959:Rules of Card Games: Whist
1906:. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
1890:. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
1874:. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
1829:Parlett (2008), pp. 86â87.
1820:Parlett (2008), pp. 87â88.
1706:. The Whist Markers Museum
1102:In the opening chapter of
1000:Whist is often enjoyed by
776:Other games called 'whist'
382:
297:
164:
109:A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
18:
3307:
3271:
3188:
2912:
2831:
2569:
2442:
2039:
1900:"Progressive Whist Cards"
871:Please help Knowledge to
142:
137:
129:
121:
113:
105:
95:
87:
79:
71:
61:
51:
31:
2413:Twenty-five (Spoil Five)
1704:"Hoyle's scoring method"
1377:(1936) math whiz Elmer (
1264:The Underground Railroad
1109:The Death of Ivan Ilyich
989:The same is true in the
686:â French variant with a
267:
3372:17th-century card games
2028:Trick-taking card games
1632:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
285:
179:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
19:For the racehorse, see
3387:Four-player card games
3382:French deck card games
1983:Whist, and Short whist
1977:by Edmond Hoyle (1743)
1645:"History of Whist" in
1576:The Evolution of Whist
1334:In Search of Lost Time
1306:
1244:
1216:Harold Bauer: His Book
1214:In his autobiography,
1141:In his autobiography,
971:
950:
929:
804:
668:
606:, but more elaborate).
589:
574:
311:
182:
16:Trick-taking card game
3323:Historical card games
2920:(except where stated)
2047:(except where stated)
1743:"Auction Whist Group"
1324:, Pip plays whist at
1301:
1239:
1080:The Inspector General
1067:Sense and Sensibility
1010:AubreyâMaturin series
967:
946:
919:The Red-Headed League
709:â British variant of
305:
277:Shuffling and dealing
172:
154:is a classic English
1451:Member of Parliament
1449:while threatening a
1008:while at sea in the
873:improve this section
247:Antony and Cleopatra
3077:Officers' Schafkopf
1992:by Cavendish (1889)
1927:. London: Penguin.
1647:Roya, Will (2021).
1293:The Pickwick Papers
1249:Mary Boykin Chesnut
1049:Pride and Prejudice
885:independent sources
841:Literary references
701:Exact bidding group
666:or rang, and alike
648:Classic whist group
512:Auction whist group
28:
3377:English card games
3273:Swiss German packs
2957:Bohemian Schneider
2904:WĂŒrttemberg Tarock
1803:"Court Piece/Rang"
1404:The Young Victoria
1374:All American Chump
1321:Great Expectations
1238:mentions the game:
1028:Gone with the Wind
980:Horatio Hornblower
927:, in a story from
925:Barbey d'Aurevilly
765:Three-handed whist
726:â game related to
576:whist Ă la couleur
501:trick-taking games
312:
252:Cavendish On Whist
183:
26:
3352:
3351:
3165:Wendish Schafkopf
3112:Russian Schnapsen
2921:
2837:
2576:
2449:
2048:
1944:Notes and Queries
1934:978-0-141-03787-5
1687:Notes and Queries
1312:David Copperfield
902:
901:
223:Daines Barrington
175:Marguerite Martyn
149:
148:
83:Tactics, strategy
3394:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3001:German Schafkopf
2917:
2835:
2574:
2447:
2286:Norseman's knock
2044:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1998:
1997:
1948:
1938:
1907:
1897:
1891:
1881:
1875:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1812:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1758:
1752:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1700:
1694:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1663:
1662:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1628:
1621:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1567:
1561:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1357:August Wilson's
1260:Colson Whitehead
1231:The Secret Agent
1122:Fathers and Sons
1033:Alexandra Ripley
1025:, the sequel to
995:Bernard Cornwell
934:
897:
894:
888:
853:
852:
845:
807:
673:
662:, also known as
601:
599:
586:
584:
191:Ruff and Honours
36:
29:
25:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3337:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3319:
3303:
3267:
3184:
2984:Dreierschnapsen
2962:Bohemian Watten
2934:Bauernschnapsen
2919:
2916:
2908:
2849:Bavarian Tarock
2827:
2678:Klaberjass/Bela
2573:
2565:
2446:
2438:
2238:Knock-out whist
2046:
2043:
2035:
2025:
1955:
1935:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1898:
1894:
1882:
1878:
1864:
1860:
1852:
1848:
1840:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1801:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1777:
1773:
1759:
1755:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1685:
1681:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1644:
1640:
1623:
1622:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1568:
1564:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1461:
1368:
1288:Charles Dickens
1253:Civil War Diary
1155:The Fiery Cross
1037:Scarlett O'Hara
1014:Patrick O'Brian
1006:Stephen Maturin
939:Edgar Allan Poe
931:Les diaboliques
907:Sherlock Holmes
898:
892:
889:
870:
866:popular culture
854:
850:
843:
822:
778:
759:Knock-out whist
743:
703:
678:Minnesota whist
650:
635:knock-out whist
593:
578:
569:
514:
497:
387:
381:
338:
308:Cumberland Jack
300:
288:
279:
270:
167:
106:Rank (highâlow)
47:
38:A 19th-century
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3400:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3277:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3115:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2924:
2922:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2793:Tausendundeins
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2718:Officers' Skat
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2603:Bauernheinrich
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2452:
2450:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2158:
2156:Call-ace whist
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2096:
2094:Auction bridge
2091:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2051:
2049:
2037:
2036:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1986:
1985:by Matthews, T
1979:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1954:
1953:External links
1951:
1950:
1949:
1939:
1933:
1921:Parlett, David
1915:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1892:
1884:"Ladder Whist"
1876:
1858:
1856:, p. 247.
1846:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1795:
1783:
1771:
1753:
1735:
1726:
1717:
1695:
1679:
1664:
1657:
1638:
1607:
1595:Dictionary.com
1582:
1562:
1546:
1537:
1520:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1434:Peaky Blinders
1429:
1416:
1409:Lord Melbourne
1399:
1382:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1342:
1329:
1316:
1307:
1284:
1267:
1256:
1245:
1227:
1212:
1199:
1178:
1164:
1160:Diana Gabaldon
1150:
1143:Groucho and Me
1139:
1126:
1113:
1100:
1071:
1055:Mansfield Park
1040:
1017:
998:
991:Richard Sharpe
987:
976:C. S. Forester
972:
951:
936:
922:
900:
899:
864:references to
857:
855:
848:
842:
839:
821:
818:
817:
816:
812:
809:
796:call-ace whist
789:
786:aceâten family
777:
774:
773:
772:
762:
756:
750:
742:
739:
738:
737:
734:Romanian whist
731:
721:
715:
702:
699:
698:
697:
691:
688:shortened pack
681:
675:
657:
649:
646:
645:
644:
638:
623:
607:
568:
565:
564:
563:
557:
551:
545:
539:
529:
525:
513:
510:
496:
493:
492:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
380:
377:
376:
375:
372:drawing trumps
368:
357:
353:
350:
337:
334:
299:
296:
287:
284:
278:
275:
269:
266:
166:
163:
147:
146:
140:
139:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3399:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3355:
3342:
3333:
3324:
3318:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3293:Hindersi-Jass
3290:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3175:Unteransetzen
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3102:Rosbiratschka
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3052:Lusti-Kartl'n
3050:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2783:Slobberhannes
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:Letzter Stich
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2491:Catch the ten
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2360:(Danish) (20)
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2243:Konter a Matt
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1855:
1850:
1844:, p. 38.
1843:
1838:
1836:
1826:
1817:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1793:, p. 49.
1792:
1787:
1781:, p. 24.
1780:
1775:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1705:
1699:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1676:
1671:
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1658:9780762473519
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1627:
1626:"Whist"
1620:
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1571:Pole, William
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1559:0-19-869173-4
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1452:
1448:
1447:the Great War
1444:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1421:The Favourite
1417:
1414:
1413:Prince Albert
1410:
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1405:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1360:
1359:Seven Guitars
1356:
1353:
1352:BolesĆaw Prus
1349:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1339:Marcel Proust
1336:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1326:Miss Havisham
1323:
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1257:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1236:Joseph Conrad
1233:
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1228:
1226:have played."
1225:
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1200:
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1127:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1117:Ivan Turgenev
1114:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1075:Nikolai Gogol
1072:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1012:of novels by
1011:
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965:
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916:
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886:
882:
878:
874:
868:
867:
863:
858:This section
856:
847:
846:
838:
835:
832:
829:
825:
813:
810:
806:
802:and the game
801:
797:
793:
790:
787:
783:
782:Catch the ten
780:
779:
770:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
744:
735:
732:
729:
725:
724:Israeli whist
722:
719:
716:
712:
708:
705:
704:
695:
694:Swedish whist
692:
689:
685:
682:
679:
676:
672:
671:
665:
661:
658:
655:
652:
651:
642:
639:
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632:
628:
624:
621:
620:
619:War and Peace
615:
611:
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582:
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571:
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532:Siberian vint
530:
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389:
388:
386:
373:
369:
366:
362:
358:
354:
351:
348:
344:
340:
339:
336:Basic tactics
333:
332:
331:whist markers
327:
323:
319:
315:
310:from Britain.
309:
304:
295:
292:
283:
274:
265:
263:
262:
255:
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162:
160:
157:
153:
145:
141:
138:Related games
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
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67:
64:
60:
57:
54:
50:
45:
41:
35:
30:
22:
21:Whist (horse)
3354:
3344:}}
3338:{{
3335:}}
3329:{{
3326:}}
3320:{{
3289:Schieberjass
3228:Calabresella
2928:Bauernfangen
2914:German packs
2870:Haferltarock
2844:Bauerntarock
2833:German packs
2813:Twenty-eight
2768:SiebenschrÀm
2571:French packs
2531:Six-bid solo
2444:French packs
2427:
2418:Two-ten-jack
2408:Turkish King
2208:German whist
2203:French whist
2041:French packs
1989:
1982:
1974:
1943:
1924:
1914:Bibliography
1903:
1895:
1888:gambiter.com
1887:
1879:
1869:
1861:
1854:Parlett 2008
1849:
1842:Parlett 2008
1825:
1816:
1806:
1798:
1791:Parlett 2008
1786:
1779:Parlett 2008
1774:
1764:
1756:
1746:
1738:
1729:
1720:
1710:11 September
1708:. Retrieved
1698:
1682:
1648:
1641:
1630:
1598:. Retrieved
1594:
1585:
1575:
1565:
1549:
1540:
1530:
1523:
1514:
1439:Tommy Shelby
1432:
1426:Abigail Hill
1419:
1402:
1392:Phileas Fogg
1385:
1379:Stuart Erwin
1372:
1358:
1345:
1332:
1319:
1318:In Dickens'
1310:
1309:In Dickens'
1302:
1300:plays whist:
1298:Mr. Pickwick
1291:
1278:
1274:
1263:
1252:
1240:
1229:
1223:
1220:Harold Bauer
1215:
1202:
1196:Brian Savage
1185:
1167:
1153:
1147:Groucho Marx
1142:
1136:George Eliot
1129:
1120:
1107:
1093:The Carriage
1089:The Overcoat
1078:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1026:
1020:
968:
961:
958:Phileas Fogg
947:
890:
860:may contain
859:
836:
833:
830:
826:
823:
792:Danish whist
753:German whist
617:
567:Boston group
515:
498:
466:Three games.
328:
324:
320:
316:
313:
293:
289:
280:
271:
261:whist drives
260:
256:
251:
245:
241:
235:
230:
227:Edmond Hoyle
220:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
186:
184:
178:
156:trick-taking
151:
150:
122:Playing time
66:Trick-taking
40:whist marker
3299:Kaiserspiel
3253:Truc y Flou
3180:Zehnerlegen
3062:Matzlfangen
3006:German Solo
2593:Bassadewitz
2526:Scharwenzel
2364:SkĂŠrvindsel
2353:Sixty-three
2333:Ristikontra
2281:Ninety-nine
2198:Forty-fives
2183:Court piece
2126:Black Maria
1761:"Bid Whist"
1677:Whist drive
1396:David Niven
1275:Ghost Beach
1271:R. L. Stine
1204:The Leopard
1175:Carl Schurz
1131:Middlemarch
1106:'s novella
1104:Leo Tolstoy
1044:Jane Austen
1002:Jack Aubrey
954:Jules Verne
820:Whist drive
747:Dummy whist
664:court piece
614:Leo Tolstoy
594: [
591:kleurwiezen
579: [
379:Terminology
238:Henry Jones
173:Drawing by
3361:Categories
3150:Trischettn
3031:Kein Stich
2972:Doppelkopf
2887:Mulatschak
2818:Zwanzig ab
2763:Sheepshead
2748:Préférence
2536:SvÀngknack
2516:Marjapussi
2506:Hindersche
2380:Spoil Five
2223:Hucklebuck
2121:Black lady
1904:wopc.co.uk
1689:, p.
1600:20 January
1506:References
1485:Solo whist
1418:In 2018's
1280:Goosebumps
1218:, pianist
1170:Henry Clay
1085:Dead Souls
993:series by
984:lieutenant
862:irrelevant
800:Solo Whist
769:dummy hand
654:Double sar
641:Solo whist
627:solo whist
604:solo whist
469:Small slam
427:Grand Slam
383:See also:
202:) meaning
189:describes
3243:Tressette
3213:Botifarra
3155:Wallachen
3139:Sixty-six
3123:Schnapsen
3118:Schafkopf
3092:Ramscheln
3082:Quodlibet
3067:Mauscheln
3016:Grasobern
2898:Schnalzen
2892:Perlaggen
2758:Schwimmen
2743:Preferans
2688:Klaverjas
2668:Herzblatt
2663:FĂŒnf dazu
2618:Bierlachs
2598:Bauerchen
2385:StĂœrivolt
2266:Lanterloo
2228:Kachufool
2110:Bid whist
2089:All fours
1871:pagat.com
1808:pagat.com
1766:pagat.com
1748:pagat.com
1328:'s house.
1192:The Shade
1182:DC Comics
1119:âs novel
893:June 2023
877:citations
684:Quadrette
670:troefcall
631:bid whist
616:'s novel
522:Bid whist
460:See Deck.
347:singleton
236:In 1862,
212:attentive
185:Cotton's
159:card game
117:Clockwise
44:De La Rue
3317:Category
3223:Briscola
3145:Sticheln
2967:Bolachen
2940:Bierkopf
2918:32 cards
2860:Brusbart
2836:36 cards
2738:Polignac
2723:Oma Skat
2713:Mistigri
2708:Marjolet
2683:Klammern
2623:Brandeln
2575:32 cards
2556:Viersche
2546:Tarabish
2521:Rutersju
2448:36 cards
2348:Sheng ji
2338:RödskÀgg
2317:Polskpas
2301:Pinochle
2276:Napoleon
2260:KnĂŒffeln
2255:Köpknack
2213:Gong Zhu
2188:Cucumber
2045:52 cards
1923:(2008).
1573:(1895).
1475:Napoleon
1459:See also
1366:In media
1347:The Doll
1168:Life of
1097:The Nose
1095:", and "
1077:'s play
1022:Scarlett
881:reliable
805:Esmakker
495:Variants
177:for the
3285:Chratze
3203:Aluette
3194:Spanish
3190:Italian
3134:Sedmice
3036:Lampeln
3021:Herzeln
2952:Blattla
2946:Binokel
2881:Kratzen
2823:Zwicken
2788:Solo 66
2728:Pilotta
2703:Manille
2693:Letzter
2638:Coinche
2633:Chouine
2613:Bezique
2561:Voormsi
2551:Trekort
2433:Zwikken
2397:Tarneeb
2291:Oh hell
2271:Mizerka
2193:Femkort
2166:Clabber
1866:"Whist"
1490:Tarneeb
1445:during
1407:, when
1390:(1956)
1304:applied
1277:in the
1187:Starman
728:oh hell
718:Oh hell
711:oh hell
554:Tarneeb
542:Skruuvi
439:Honours
414:Finesse
361:finesse
343:longest
298:Scoring
216:wistful
165:History
72:Players
56:England
3238:Julepe
3218:Brisca
3208:Bestia
3160:Watten
3107:Rumpel
3097:Ramsen
3087:Ramsch
3072:Mucken
3057:MariĂĄĆĄ
3046:Lupfen
3026:Herzla
3011:Gilten
2997:(2x24)
2995:Gaigel
2990:Elfern
2974:(2x24)
2948:(2x24)
2875:Jaggln
2854:Bieten
2808:Tuppen
2803:Toepen
2798:Tippen
2733:Piquet
2673:Kaiser
2658:Fipsen
2653:Euchre
2643:ĂcartĂ©
2608:Belote
2588:Baloot
2402:Thunee
2375:Spades
2343:Shelem
2323:Priffe
2303:(2x24)
2218:Hearts
2177:Chlust
2151:Bridge
2146:Bourré
2141:Boston
2136:Bonken
1931:
1655:
1557:
1470:Bridge
1465:Euchre
1443:France
1064:, and
610:Boston
548:Spades
505:McLeod
475:Tenace
463:Rubber
396:Dealer
365:cashed
208:silent
144:Bridge
133:Medium
130:Chance
125:30 min
100:French
80:Skills
52:Origin
3367:Whist
3258:Truco
3196:packs
3129:Sedma
3041:Lorum
2978:Dreeg
2865:Dobbm
2773:Sjavs
2648:Enflé
2628:Bruus
2511:Knack
2481:Bruus
2466:BrÀus
2456:Agram
2428:Whist
2391:Sueca
2370:Smear
2358:Sjavs
2307:Pitch
2296:Pedro
2161:Cinch
2131:Bluke
2115:Bisca
2104:BaĆka
2099:Barbu
2061:3-5-8
2055:3-2-5
1224:might
1207:, by
1163:wife.
815:time.
598:]
583:]
487:Trump
481:Trick
451:Lurch
408:Dummy
268:Rules
204:quiet
196:whist
152:Whist
88:Cards
27:Whist
3281:Jass
3263:Tute
3248:Truc
3233:Gilé
3170:Ulti
3141:(24)
3125:(20)
3114:(24)
3048:(20)
2986:(20)
2980:(24)
2942:(20)
2936:(20)
2930:(20)
2900:(33)
2894:(33)
2883:(33)
2877:(33)
2856:(33)
2778:Skat
2753:Rams
2541:Tapp
2501:Frog
2496:Dapp
2486:Bura
2476:BrĂșs
2471:Brus
2461:BĂȘte
2435:(20)
2423:Vira
2404:(24)
2393:(40)
2387:(48)
2366:(28)
2319:(24)
2312:Phat
2262:(48)
2251:(16)
2245:(24)
2233:King
2179:(20)
2172:Clag
2168:(24)
2117:(40)
2106:(16)
2085:(24)
2083:1001
2079:(24)
2077:1000
2073:(43)
2057:(30)
2032:list
1929:ISBN
1712:2021
1653:ISBN
1602:2015
1555:ISBN
1495:Vint
1480:Skat
1091:", "
1061:Emma
1004:and
883:and
707:Blob
660:Hokm
633:and
560:Vint
536:vint
457:Pack
445:Lead
433:Hand
421:Game
402:Deck
390:Deal
356:ace.
345:. A
286:Play
200:wist
198:(or
114:Play
96:Deck
62:Type
3192:or
2583:304
2328:Put
2249:Kop
2071:500
2066:400
1401:In
1384:In
1371:In
1350:by
1344:In
1331:In
1286:In
1273:'s
1269:In
1262:'s
1258:In
1251:'s
1247:In
1234:by
1201:In
1180:In
1166:In
1152:In
1134:by
1128:In
1073:In
1046:'s
1019:In
978:'s
960:in
879:to
794:or
587:or
3363::
3291:,
3287:,
1902:.
1886:.
1868:.
1834:^
1805:.
1763:.
1745:.
1691:26
1667:^
1629:.
1610:^
1593:.
1500:42
1437:,
1424:,
1337:,
1296:,
1290:'
1184:'
1173:,
1158:,
1145:,
1099:".
1058:,
1031:,
629:,
596:nl
581:fr
503:.
225:.
218:.
210:,
206:,
91:52
3295:)
3283:(
2034:)
2030:(
2020:e
2013:t
2006:v
1937:.
1714:.
1693:.
1661:.
1604:.
1394:(
1361:.
1125:.
1070:.
1016:.
966::
895:)
891:(
887:.
869:.
788:.
622:.
538:.
367:.
75:4
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
