943:, Geographical Review, Vol. 78, No. 4 (Oct., 1988), pp. 387-404: "Modern planning began only after the British conquest of Palestine in World War Iā¦ In 1918 an engineer from Alexandria, William McLean, was commissioned to draft the first city planā¦ These provisionsā¦ caused the city to develop mainly to the west and southwest because of the restrictions on construction in the Old City and its immediate environs and the desire to retain the eastern skylineā¦ McLean wanted Jerusalem to expand to the north, west, and south, with little development to the east because of climatic and topographical limitations. Thus almost from the onset of British colonial rule, development was encouraged in a generally westward direction, and this bias ultimately produced the initial contrasts that distinguished the eastern and western sectors of the city. McLean also adopted the principle of urban dispersal, and he proposed two main axes, one to the northwest and the other to the southwest of the Old City. His guidelines were repeated in most of the subsequent city plans."
174:
159:
328:
2075:
302:āEveryone was swept up, privates and officers alike ā¦. The greed for property encompassed everyone. Every home was scoured and searched, and people found in some cases produce, in others valuable objects. This rapaciousness attacked me as well and I could almost not hold myself back ā¦. Itās hard to imagine the great riches that were found in all the homes ā¦. I got control of myself in time and shackled my desire ā¦. The battalion commander, his deputy, they all failed in this regard.ā
631:
584:
525:
470:
195:
29:
457:, but the international community disputed this. The population of Jerusalem has largely remained segregated along the city's historical eastāwest division. The larger city contains two populations that are "almost completely economically and politically segregated... each interacting with its separate central business district", supporting analysis that the city has retained a duocentric, as opposed to the traditional monocentric, structure.
760:
1057:
1067:
917:
As we have noted previously the international legal status of
Jerusalem is contested and Israel's designation of it as its capital has not been recognized by the international community. However its claims of sovereign rights to the city are stronger with respect to West Jerusalem than with respect
271:, the area of West Jerusalem included one of the wealthiest Arab communities, numbering some 28,000 people, in the region. By the end of hostilities, only approximately 750 non-Jews remained in the area's Arab sector, mostly Greeks in the
1024:
1091:
Selzer, Assaf (January 2021). Kedourie, Helen; Kelly, Saul (eds.). "Building the capital: Thoughts, plans, and practice in the process of making West
Jerusalem the capital city of the State of Israel, 1948ā1967".
1308:
310:
exegesis and translations of
European literature, together with thousands of works from the holdings of churches and schools. Many were taken from the homes of Palestinian writers and scholars in Qatamon,
1338:
377:. Almost 33% of the land in West Jerusalem in the pre-mandate period had been owned by Palestinians, a fact which made it hard for the evicted Palestinians to accept Israeli control in the West. The
871:
What, then, is Israel's status in west
Jerusalem? Two main answers have been adduced: (a) Israel has sovereignty in this area; and (b) sovereignty lies with the Palestinian people or is suspended.
1717:
1632:
1250:
275:
neighborhood. Following the war, Jerusalem was divided into two parts: the western portion, from which it is estimated 30,000 Arabs had fled or been evicted, came under
Israeli rule, while
1021:
404:
Israel established West
Jerusalem as its capital in 1950. The Israeli government needed to invest heavily to create employment, building new government offices, a new university, the
815:
1955:
450:. Over the following years, their control remained tenuous, the international community refusing to recognise their authority and the Israelis themselves not feeling secure.
1531:
1211:
1377:
Alperovich, Gershon; Joseph
Deutsch (April 1996). "Urban structure with two coexisting and almost completely segregated populations: The case of East and West Jerusalem".
1815:
1279:
2131:
1696:
1186:
1300:
409:
1847:
1330:
1439:
420:
as Israel's capital on 6 December 2017. On 6 April 2017, Russia officially recognized West
Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. On 6 December 2017, the
1246:
1726:
1629:
1493:
1656:
1404:
1784:
306:
After this widespread looting, Israeli institutions managed to gather in around 30,000 books, mostly in Arabic, dealing with
Islamic law,
142:. However, recognition of Israeli sovereignty over only West Jerusalem is more widely accepted as a plausible diplomatic position, as the
905:
803:
343:
1873:
1609:
1232:
1945:
138:. With certain exceptions, undivided Jerusalem is not internationally recognized as the sovereign territory of either Israel or the
1527:
1207:
953:
1923:
1805:
1556:
417:
2027:
1758:
1271:
1002:
899:
864:
1464:
437:
354:
and its environs as an international city. In
December 1949, it was officially decided to transfer the institutions of the
1981:
Amit, Gish (Summer 2011). "Salvage or Plunder? Israel's "Collection" of Private Palestinian Libraries in West Jerusalem".
1653:"Summary record of a meeting between the committee on Jerusalem and Mr. Daniel Auster, Mayor of Jerusalem (Jewish sector)"
1178:
147:
1837:
1692:
1584:
165:
1918 plan was the first urban planning scheme for Jerusalem. It laid the foundations for what became West Jerusalem and
2087:
173:
1429:
1094:
135:
290:. The Jordanians expelled a Jewish community of some 1,500 from the Old City. Moshe Salomon, a commander with the
2126:
1895:
936:
564:
389:
384:
The only eastern area of the city that remained in Israeli hands throughout the 19 years of Jordanian rule was
256:
247:
speaking Jewish community had formed a "Jewish Colony" around the area later known as the Downtown Triangle of
237:
162:
501:
252:
1983:
347:
428:
officially recognized West Jerusalem as Israel's capital, before withdrawing it again on 17 October 2022.
405:
1652:
1485:
1408:
454:
294:ās Moriah Battalion, described the massive looting that took place in the Arab middle-class quarter of
2019:
662:
642:
595:
536:
481:
206:
158:
131:
105:
91:
37:
1774:
892:
International Law and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: A Rights-Based Approach to Middle East Peace
957:
vol. VII: Jerusalem entry includes map with Jewish Colony marked, Amalgamated Press, 1928 edition.
556:
335:
272:
2078:
1779:
778:
887:
854:
381:(Israeli Parliament) passed laws to transfer this Arab land to Israeli Jewish organizations.
1869:
1605:
714:
370:
355:
120:, the boundaries of West Jerusalem and East Jerusalem remain internationally recognized as
8:
1842:
1434:
1103:
178:
127:
95:
2054:
2004:
2000:
1950:
1147:
1115:
773:
678:
316:
280:
268:
139:
2023:
1913:
1754:
1552:
1390:
1226:
1151:
1139:
1131:
1123:
998:
895:
860:
20:
412:
of 1948, subjecting West Jerusalem to Israeli jurisdiction. United States President
369:
were forced to leave; the same fate befell Jews in the eastern areas, including the
327:
177:
Map illustrating Jewish proposals for partition of Jerusalem, presented to the 1938
16:
Section of Jerusalem that came under Israeli control after the 1948 ArabāIsraeli War
2046:
1992:
1386:
1107:
240:
laid out the first civic plan for expansion of Jerusalem westwards and southwards.
1111:
2013:
1748:
1636:
1028:
992:
940:
883:
732:
338:("San Simon") Monastery in Katamon, Jerusalem, April 1948 (battle reconstruction)
312:
291:
69:
55:
1460:
1179:"Trump Recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's Capital and Orders U.S. Embassy to Move"
1810:
696:
666:
421:
276:
166:
143:
109:
856:
Whither Jerusalem?: Proposals and Positions Concerning the Future of Jerusalem
852:
2120:
2102:
2089:
1721:
1578:
1143:
1127:
1119:
765:
708:
702:
690:
615:
1996:
1301:"Australia quietly drops recognition of West Jerusalem as capital of Israel"
1247:"Czech Republic announces it recognizes West Jerusalem as Israel's capital"
1062:
1017:
720:
568:
505:
413:
396:
during that period and therefore is not considered part of East Jerusalem.
385:
2074:
2037:
Krystall, Nathan (1998). "The De-Arabization of West Jerusalem 1947-50".
726:
509:
446:
in June 1967, Israel captured the eastern side of the city and the whole
443:
230:
226:
117:
41:
630:
583:
524:
469:
194:
63:
2058:
744:
738:
287:
248:
28:
1022:'Was Israeli looting in '48 part of a broader policy to expel Arabs?,'
933:
684:
560:
447:
425:
351:
307:
83:
33:
2050:
1918:
853:
Moshe Hirsch; Deborah Housen-Couriel; Ruth Lapidot (28 June 1995).
811:
116:. Though Israel has controlled the entirety of Jerusalem since the
1606:"Text of Pope Benedict XVI's Address to Chief Rabbis of Jerusalem"
1331:"Australia drops recognition of west Jerusalem as Israeli capital"
1640:
1031:
393:
378:
362:
331:
295:
19:"W. Jerusalem" redirects here. For the Austrian philosopher, see
1135:
108:), West Jerusalem was formally delineated as the counterpart to
1718:"Shlomo Zalman Shragai, 96, a former mayor of Jerusalem and..."
500:
Major commercial centres of Jewish West Jerusalem include: the
408:
and the Knesset building. West Jerusalem became covered by the
374:
283:
244:
130:, which has been among the primary points of contention in the
113:
87:
1272:"Australia recognizes west Jerusalem as the capital of Israel"
366:
1630:
Archive of Jerusalem's 1949 wartime governor for sale in U.S
225:
The earliest Jewish settlements outside the city walls were
126:
due to their significance to the process of determining the
453:
In 1980, the Israeli government annexed East Jerusalem and
890:. In Susan M. Akram; Michael Dumper; Michael Lynk (eds.).
424:
recognized Jerusalem as the capital. On 15 December 2018,
1553:"Cinema City, iTravel Jerusalem, Retrieved June 22, 2023"
1430:"Mamilla Mall: Jerusalem's upscale outdoor shopping mall"
836:
834:
832:
361:
Arabs living in such western Jerusalem neighbourhoods as
1376:
559:
in Jerusalem is located in the West Jerusalem suburb of
1946:"Moshe Lion elected Jerusalem Mayor in dramatic finish"
1517:, editor: Benjamin Harshav. Stanford Univ. Press (2003)
1357:
1355:
1158:
846:
1870:"Olmert cited as 'senior official' in Holyland affair"
1058:"Explainer; The 3000 years of battling over Jerusalem"
972:
829:
279:
came under Jordanian rule and was populated mainly by
1352:
1037:
755:
431:
1372:
1370:
2118:
1896:"An Ultra-Orthodox Mayor in an Unorthodox City"
960:
1806:"Mordechai Ish-Shalom, Jerusalem Ex-Mayor, 90"
1367:
1086:
1084:
876:
185:
2132:Jerusalem in the IsraeliāPalestinian conflict
994:A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
563:. The hospital synagogue contains the famous
1407:. Jerusalem.com. 5 July 2013. Archived from
928:
926:
77:
1081:
859:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 15.
672:
399:
344:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
121:
99:
1753:. Devora Publishing Company. p. 217.
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1576:
798:
796:
794:
1943:
1746:
997:. Indiana University Press. p. 329.
923:
2036:
1893:
1838:"Longtime Mayor of Jerusalem Dies at 95"
1750:The Streets of Jerusalem: Who, What, Why
1397:
1055:
882:
326:
262:
172:
157:
27:
1670:
1507:
1176:
990:
791:
2119:
2011:
1867:
1835:
1693:"Former Mayors of Jerusalem 1948ā2008"
1580:×Ø× ×××Ŗ ××× ×”×Ŗ ××××× ×××Ø×ש××× ××× ××¢××××
1453:
1361:
1231:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1164:
1090:
978:
840:
146:regards East Jerusalem as part of the
1328:
574:
2015:The politics of Jerusalem since 1967
1980:
1379:Regional Science and Urban Economics
1043:
966:
954:Harmsworth's Universal Encyclopaedia
625:
621:
578:
519:
464:
438:Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem
189:
1944:Schneider, Tal (14 November 2018).
1528:"Beitar Jerusalem Official Website"
322:
73:
59:
13:
1914:"Secularist 'wins Jerusalem vote'"
1725:. 4 September 1995. Archived from
1329:Knott, Matthew (17 October 2022).
460:
334:soldiers attack Arab positions at
14:
2143:
2067:
1894:Erlanger, Steven (16 July 2005).
1583:(in Hebrew). IsraelNationalNews.
1461:"Chabad to Light Up Mamilla Mall"
1177:Landler, Mark (6 December 2017).
1056:Greenway, H.D.S. (23 July 1980).
932:Elisha Efrat and Allen G. Noble,
94:. As the city was divided by the
2073:
1836:Wilson, Scott (2 January 2007).
758:
629:
582:
523:
468:
432:Capture of East Jerusalem (1967)
410:Law and Administrative Ordinance
193:
1958:from the original on 2018-12-16
1937:
1926:from the original on 2020-09-17
1906:
1887:
1876:from the original on 2010-04-18
1861:
1850:from the original on 2017-07-14
1829:
1818:from the original on 2013-12-24
1798:
1787:from the original on 2016-11-09
1767:
1740:
1710:
1699:from the original on 2019-04-28
1659:from the original on 2013-12-24
1645:
1623:
1612:from the original on 2023-06-12
1598:
1587:from the original on 2009-12-14
1577:Uzi Baruch (11 December 2009).
1570:
1559:from the original on 2023-06-22
1545:
1534:from the original on 2022-09-05
1520:
1515:Marc Chagall on Art and Culture
1496:from the original on 2023-06-22
1478:
1467:from the original on 2016-08-09
1442:from the original on 2016-10-13
1422:
1341:from the original on 2023-06-03
1322:
1311:from the original on 2023-11-05
1293:
1282:from the original on 2018-12-16
1264:
1253:from the original on 2017-12-29
1239:
1214:from the original on 2023-12-21
1200:
1189:from the original on 2018-07-09
1170:
1049:
1011:
908:from the original on 2023-02-18
818:from the original on 2007-08-25
687:(military governor) (1948ā1949)
984:
946:
808:Jerusalem: Before 1967 and now
390:Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1:
1868:Senyor, Eli (15 April 2010).
1747:Eisenberg, Ronald L. (2006).
1695:. City of Jerusalem website.
1463:. COLLive. 27 November 2013.
1112:10.1080/00263206.2020.1831472
515:
2081:travel guide from Wikivoyage
2039:Journal of Palestine Studies
1984:Journal of Palestine Studies
1391:10.1016/0166-0462(95)02124-8
784:
416:'s administration announced
392:is located, which formed an
136:IsraeliāPalestinian conflict
7:
751:
186:Pre 1948: the Jewish Colony
104:border, established by the
82:) refers to the section of
78:
64:
10:
2148:
1973:
1775:"Biography: Gershon Agron"
894:. Routledge. p. 311.
676:
435:
153:
148:Israeli-occupied West Bank
112:, which was controlled by
18:
2020:Columbia University Press
1335:The Sydney Morning Herald
991:Tessler, Mark A. (1994).
663:Jerusalem Great Synagogue
106:1949 Armistice Agreements
2012:Dumper, Michael (1997).
1579:
1490:Retrieved June 22, 2023"
1405:"The Jerusalem Triangle"
673:Mayors of West Jerusalem
418:recognition of Jerusalem
400:Capital of Israel (1950)
2005:10.1525/jps.2011.xl.4.6
1997:10.1525/jps.2011.xl.4.6
86:that was controlled by
2127:Geography of Jerusalem
1780:Jewish Virtual Library
1095:Middle Eastern Studies
779:Positions on Jerusalem
339:
304:
182:
170:
122:
100:
44:
2103:31.78194Ā°N 35.21944Ā°E
371:Old City of Jerusalem
330:
300:
263:1948 ArabāIsraeli War
176:
161:
132:ArabāIsraeli conflict
118:1967 ArabāIsraeli War
92:1948 ArabāIsraeli War
60:×Ö·×¢Ö²×ØÖ·× ×Ö°×Ø×ּשÖø××Ö·×Ö“×
31:
1922:. 11 November 2008.
1814:. 23 February 1991.
1278:. 15 December 2018.
1104:Taylor & Francis
886:(23 December 2010).
715:Mordechai Ish-Shalom
356:Government of Israel
98:(Israel's erstwhile
79:al-Quds al-Ä arbiyyah
65:Ma'arƔv YerushalƔyim
32:Zones of control in
2099: /
1843:The Washington Post
1435:The Times of Israel
1307:. 17 October 2022.
1249:. 6 December 2017.
888:"Maximizing Rights"
179:Woodhead Commission
128:status of Jerusalem
2108:31.78194; 35.21944
1900:The New York Times
1635:2014-11-29 at the
1183:The New York Times
1027:2021-06-04 at the
939:2021-11-06 at the
934:Planning Jerusalem
918:to East Jerusalem.
774:Jerusalem District
679:Mayor of Jerusalem
661:These include the
641:. You can help by
594:. You can help by
575:Leisure facilities
557:Hadassah hospitals
535:. You can help by
480:. You can help by
455:reunified the city
340:
269:1948 Palestine war
257:King George Street
205:. You can help by
183:
171:
140:State of Palestine
90:at the end of the
45:
2029:978-0-231-10640-5
1760:978-1-932687-54-5
1488:Israel Inside Out
1167:, pp. 20ā21.
1004:978-0-253-20873-6
981:, pp. 30ā31.
901:978-1-136-85098-1
866:978-90-411-0077-1
843:, pp. 35ā36.
659:
658:
622:Religious centres
618:and Cinema City.
612:
611:
553:
552:
502:Downtown Triangle
498:
497:
253:Ben Yehuda Street
243:By the 1920s the
223:
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52:Western Jerusalem
21:Wilhelm Jerusalem
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1872:. Ynetnews.com.
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1492:. 2 March 2015.
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1066:. Archived from
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323:Division in 1949
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163:William McLean's
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1362:Dumper 1997
1165:Dumper 1997
979:Dumper 1997
841:Dumper 1997
741:(2008ā2018)
735:(2003ā2008)
729:(1993ā2003)
727:Ehud Olmert
723:(1965ā1993)
717:(1959ā1965)
711:(1955ā1959)
705:(1952ā1955)
699:(1951ā1952)
693:(1949ā1950)
555:One of two
510:Emek Refaim
444:Six-Day War
442:During the
346:planned a "
281:Palestinian
231:Yemin Moshe
227:Mea Shearim
2121:Categories
2094:35Ā°13ā²10ā³E
2091:31Ā°46ā²55ā³N
1962:2021-01-24
1930:2013-06-28
1880:2012-02-14
1854:2007-01-02
1822:2013-04-27
1791:2013-04-27
1733:2013-04-27
1703:2013-04-27
1663:2017-06-29
1616:2023-06-12
1591:2009-12-12
1563:2023-06-22
1538:2023-06-22
1500:2023-06-22
1471:2014-10-16
1446:2014-10-18
1415:2013-11-24
1345:2022-10-17
1315:2022-10-17
1286:2018-12-16
1257:2023-11-20
1218:2023-11-20
1193:2017-12-11
1074:2013-04-27
912:2016-02-20
822:2013-04-26
804:"Key Maps"
745:Moshe Lion
739:Nir Barkat
516:Healthcare
288:Christians
249:Jaffa Road
96:Green Line
1152:227257542
1144:875122033
1128:0026-3206
1120:1743-7881
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967:Amit 2011
785:Citations
685:Dov Yosef
650:June 2023
603:June 2023
561:Ein Karem
544:July 2024
489:June 2023
448:West Bank
426:Australia
352:Jerusalem
336:St Symeon
214:June 2023
84:Jerusalem
34:Jerusalem
1956:Archived
1924:Archived
1919:BBC News
1874:Archived
1848:Archived
1816:Archived
1785:Archived
1697:Archived
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1339:Archived
1309:Archived
1280:Archived
1276:CBS News
1251:Archived
1227:cite web
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1187:Archived
1136:65009869
1025:Archived
937:Archived
906:Archived
816:Archived
812:BBC News
752:See also
665:and the
308:Qurāanic
236:In 1918
134:and the
101:de facto
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1974:Sources
1641:Haaretz
1032:Haaretz
394:enclave
379:Knesset
363:Katamon
332:Palmach
317:Musrara
296:Qatamon
284:Muslims
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