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672:. As of 2010, the Westie is the third-most popular breed of terrier in the UK, with 5,361 puppies registered with the Kennel Club. However, this is a decrease in numbers since 2001, when it was the most popular terrier breed, with 11,019 new dogs registered. The breed's position in the United States is more stable with it remaining in the top third of all breeds since around 1960. It was ranked 30th-most popular in 2001, based on registrations with the American Kennel Club, which varied around the 30s in the decade after, with it ranked 34th in 2010. It was the 44th-most popular AKC breed in 2020.
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decided to develop a white terrier breed, which became known as the "Poltalloch
Terrier". The first generation of Poltallochs had sandy-coloured coats, and had already developed prick ears, which is a trait seen later in the modern breed. It is unknown if the Poltalloch Terriers and Pittenweem Terriers were interbred. In 1903, Malcolm declared that he did not want to be known as the creator of the breed and insisted that his breed of white terriers be renamed. The term "West Highland White Terrier" first appears in
656:, the breed has been equally successful on both sides of the Atlantic. The first member of the breed to win a show championship was Ch. Morvan in 1905, owned by Colin Young. The dog was registered at the time as a Scottish Terrier, and won the title at the Scottish Kennel Club show at the age of seven months. Because the breed was not yet recognised independently, the championship title was not retained when the dog was reregistered as a West Highland White Terrier. The first win at a major show came at the
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405:. The symptoms are noticeable as the puppy develops, and can be identified by the age of 30 weeks. Affected dogs have tremors, muscle weakness, and trouble walking. Symptoms slowly increase until limb paralysis begins to occur. Due to it being a hereditary condition, owners should avoid breeding affected animals to eliminate it from the breed. Another genetic condition that affects the breed is "
292:
young age particularly important. Westies can make good watchdogs and are normally independent, self-assured, and confident. They are loyal and bond with their owner but are often on the move, requiring daily exercise of at least 15–30 minutes, although an hour is the recommended minimum. Westies are highly social and are the most friendly of all the
Scottish terriers.
231:, other related breeds included the Roseneath Terrier (bred by George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll) and Pittenweem Terriers (bred by Dr Americ Edwin Flaxman). The Westie was given its modern name for the first time in 1908, with recognition by major kennel clubs occurring around the same time. The breed remains very popular in the United Kingdom, with multiple wins at
271:
on rocky surfaces. Young puppies have pink markings on the nose and footpads that slowly turn black as they age. Westies also have short and sturdy tails. Unconfirmed sources suggest that, due to their history as rodent catchers, their tails were bred to be thick so that a Westie trapped in a hole could be easily pulled out by the tail.
660:
in 1942 when
Constance Winant's Ch. Wolvey Pattern of Edgerstoune won the title of Best in Show. The same title was taken by Barbara Worcester's Ch. Elfinbrook Simon in 1962. It took a further 14 years before the breed took its first Best in Show title at Crufts, the UK's major dog show. Ch. Dianthus
291:
The temperament of
Westies can vary greatly, with some being friendly towards children and others preferring solitude. They will not typically tolerate rough handling, such as a child pulling on their ears or fur, and can frequently be both food- and toy-possessive. This makes regular training from a
270:
Westies have a deep chest, muscular limbs, a black nose, and a short closely-fitted jaw with "scissors" bite (lower canines locked in front of upper canines, upper incisors locked over lower incisors). Their paws are slightly turned out to give them better grip than flat-footed breeds when they climb
223:
The Westie is intelligent, quick to learn, and can be good with children, but does not always tolerate rough handling. It is an energetic, boisterous, and social breed with a high prey drive, having been bred to hunt small rodents at places such as farms, and needs regular exercise of around one hour
274:
Westies have a rough outer coat that can grow to about 2 inches (5.1 cm) long and a soft, dense, thick undercoat. The fur fills out the face to give it a rounded appearance. As puppies develop into adults, their coarse outer coat is normally removed by either "hand-stripping" (especially for
599:
The person most closely associated with developing the modern breed of West
Highland White Terrier is Edward Donald Malcolm, 16th Laird of Poltalloch. Malcolm owned terriers used to work game; the story told is that a reddish-brown terrier was mistaken for a fox and shot. Following this, Malcolm
587:
which produced white offspring. The dog seemed to produce these white puppies regardless of the sire to which she was bred, and after drowning over 20 of these offspring, he came upon the theory that it was an ancient trait of the
Scottish Terrier that was trying to reappear. He re-dedicated his
358:
can be conducted to diagnose the condition, in which the bones around the jaw thicken; additionally, the blood may show increased calcium levels and enzyme levels. The condition often stops progressing by the time the dog is a year old, and in some cases can recede. It is normally treated with
224:
per day. The modern breed is descended from a number of pre-20th century breeding programmes of white terriers in
Scotland. Edward Donald Malcolm, 16th Laird of Poltalloch, is credited with the creation of the modern breed from his Poltalloch Terrier but did not want to be known as such.
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for the first time in the same year. The Westie was imported into the United States in 1907–1908, when Robert Goelet imported Ch. Kiltie and Ch. Rumpus
Glenmohr. Initially, it was also known at the time as the Roseneath Terrier, and the Roseneath Terrier Club was recognised by the
509:, caused by either toxins or acute liver failure; compared to other dogs, Westies are 3.23 times more likely to contract chronic hepatitis and 3.87 times more likely to contract hepatocelluar death. Copper storage diseases which affect the breed can result in chronic hepatitis.
459:
Hyperplastic dermatosis of the West
Highland White Terrier, also known as epidermal dysplasia or colloquially Armadillo Westie Syndrome, is an uncommon condition exclusively identified in the Westie. It is a severe chronic hyperplastic dermatological disease that is similar to
366:, a heritable chronic allergic skin condition. A higher proportion of males are affected compared to females. An uncommon but severe breed-specific skin condition, hyperplastic dermatosis, may affect West Highland White Terriers of any age. Affected dogs can suffer from red
262:
Westies commonly have bright, deep-set, almond-shaped eyes that are dark in colour. Their ears are pointed and erect. Members of the breed typically weigh between 15 and 20 pounds (6.8 and 9.1 kg) with an average height between 10–11 inches (25–28 cm) at the
588:
breeding programme to produce white
Scottish Terriers with the aim of restoring it to the same stature as the dark-coloured breed. Flaxman is credited with classes being added to dog shows for white Scottish Terriers towards the end of the 19th century.
583:, bred a breed of white Scottish terriers known as the "Roseneath Terrier". Another breed of white Scottish terriers also appeared at this point, with Dr. Americ Edwin Flaxman from Fife developing his line of "Pittenweem Terriers" out of a female
628:
in 1908. The club was renamed during the following year to the West Highland White Terrier Club of America. The breed spent the period that immediately followed as being "in vogue", becoming popular almost immediately upon its arrival in the US.
349:
condition, so a puppy can only be affected by it if both of its parents are carriers of the faulty gene. The condition appears across many breeds, including several different types of terriers, as well as other unrelated breeds such as the
537:
as a gift. Sandy- and brindle-coloured dogs were seen as hardier than those of other colours, and white dogs were seen as being weak. At various times during the breed's existence, it has been considered a white offshoot of both the
295:
A hardy breed, Westies can be stubborn and cause issues with training, potentially requiring their training to be refreshed on occasion during their lifetime. Having a typical terrier prey drive, they tend to be highly interested in
661:
Buttons, owned by Kath Newstead and Dorothy Taylor, took the title for the breed in 1976. A Westie also won Crufts in 1990 with the Best in Show title going to Derek Tattersall's Ch. Olac Moon Pilot, and in 2016 to
300:, especially chasing balls. They retain the instincts of an "earthdog" such as being inquisitive and investigative, as well as natural instincts to bark and dig holes. Westies are tied for 47th place (with the
235:, and has been in the top third of all breeds in the United States since the 1960s. Several breed-specific and non-specific health problems appear in the breed, including a condition in young dogs nicknamed "
425:. Affected males and females can be affected for different lengths of time, with symptoms in females lasting between four and six weeks, while males can be affected the rest of their lives.
330:
A 2015 French study found a life expectancy of 12.93 years, while 2024 British study found a life expectancy of 13.4 years (averaging 12.7 years for purebreeds and 12 years for
239:", which causes an overgrowth of bone in the jaw of the dog. It can also be prone to skin disorders, with a breed-specific condition called hyperplastic dermatosis occurring.
413:, the condition was originally thought to be connected to the genes for white coats, but the same condition has since been found in other non-white breeds including the
1275:
Bandara, Y.; Bayton, W. A.; Williams, T. L.; Scase, T.; Bexfield, N. H. (2021). "Histopathological frequency of canine hepatobiliary disease in the United Kingdom".
506:
1570:
465:
220:, though with longer legs than other Scottish terriers. It has a white double coat of fur which fills out the dog's face, giving it a rounded appearance.
907:
3009:
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and Scottish Terriers in them. By the time of Malcolm's death in 1930, a stable type had appeared with prick ears, a white coat, and a short back.
1019:
314:, which designates them as being of "average working/obedience intelligence" and places them almost exactly in the middle of the entire list.
1498:
1468:
3339:
468:. Due to the fact that it is identified only in Westies, and evidence of familial involvement, it is believed to be an inherited trait.
169:
957:
McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (1 February 2024).
561:, including the families of the Chiefs. Other families on Skye preserved both white and sandy-coloured dogs. One such family was the
1389:
693:
1210:"A Case of Hyperplastic Dermatosis of the West Highland White Terrier Controlled by Recombinant Canine Interferon-.GAMMA. Therapy"
1085:
2383:
474:
infection is associated with the onset or worsening of symptoms. Symptoms involve generalised and serious patches of alopecia,
444:, also occurs in the breed. However, the chances of this condition occurring are much higher in some other breeds, such as the
441:
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890:
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Other less common conditions which appear in the breed include hydroxyglutaric aciduria, which is where elevated levels of
275:
dog-showing) or otherwise clipping. Most Westies are pure white, although there are some light wheaten colour variations.
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576:
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421:. The condition typically develops over one to three days, resulting in tremors of the head and limbs, ataxia, and
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The popularity of the breed during the early 20th century was such that dogs were being exchanged for hundreds of
2995:
1209:
570:
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in 1588 indicated the ship carried white Spanish dogs, whose descendants were kept distinct from other breeds by
2181:
1878:
378:. In the initial stages, this condition can be misdiagnosed as an allergy or less serious forms of dermatitis.
354:. It typically appears in dogs under one year old, and can cause problems for the dog to chew or swallow food.
2808:
529:, who reigned between 1567 and 1625. The king ordered that a dozen of these white terriers be procured from
359:
anti-inflammatory medications, and the feeding of soft foods. In some cases, tube feeding may be necessary.
345:, a disease also known as "lion jaw", and is sometimes also referred to as "Westie jaw". The disease is an
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are in the dog's urine, blood plasma, and spinal fluid. It can cause seizures, muscle stiffness, and
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2015:
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1020:"Puppy farmer Grace Banks jailed for selling sick dogs... while on bail for selling sick dogs"
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2020:
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1357:
British dogs; their varieties, history, characteristics, breeding, management and exhibition
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The breed is prone to skin disorders. About one quarter of Westies surveyed are affected by
216:
with a distinctive white harsh coat and somewhat soft white undercoat. It is a medium-sized
2884:
2818:
2757:
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1390:"Col. Edward Donald Malcolm, 16th Laird of Poltalloch, and the West Highland White Terrier"
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456:, where the knee cap slips out of place. The breed is predisposed to atopic dermatitis.
393:. It is not breed-specific, and can appear in Cairn Terriers and other breeds including
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611:, was the society's first president. A second club was subsequently set up, with the
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as chairman. Edward Malcolm succeeded the Countess as the club's second chairman.
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The breed is pre-disposed to conditions found in many breeds, such as abdominal
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1659:(2nd ed.). Lakewood, CO: American Animal Hospital Association Press.
1602:
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A 2021 British study looking at clinical records found predispositions to
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2803:
2724:
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2338:
2330:
2227:
2144:
2119:
2050:
1808:
908:"Inbreeding impact on litter size and survival in selected canine breeds"
558:
422:
410:
267:. The body should be shorter than the height of the dog at the shoulder.
1228:
816:
3308:
3242:
2431:
2411:
2346:
1571:"Comparative Tables of Registrations for the Years 2001–2010 Inclusive"
1288:
470:
351:
256:
232:
525:
Scottish white terriers were recorded as early as during the reign of
517:
2914:
2849:
2421:
2109:
1941:
1921:
1065:. Westie Foundation of America and the Health Committee of the WHWTCA
906:
Leroy, G. G.; Phocas, F.; Hedan, B.; Verrier, E.; Rognon, X. (2015).
418:
252:
209:
2342:
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1898:
1751:
959:"Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death"
495:
475:
375:
213:
80:
2976:
2972:
2798:
2539:
2461:
2451:
2124:
487:
331:
297:
264:
217:
452:. The breed is also one of the least likely to be affected by a
401:. It is a neurological disease wherein the dog lacks the enzyme
3045:
2960:
2406:
1656:
Genetic Connection: A Guide to Health Problems in Purebred Dogs
620:
530:
433:
394:
338:
247:
1311:
https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20133225344
1250:
Rhodes, Karen Helton; Werner, Alexander H. (25 January 2011).
1183:
Rhodes, Karen Helton; Werner, Alexander H. (25 January 2011).
334:). The typical litter size is between three and five puppies.
283:
3221:
3030:
2398:
1252:
Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion
1185:
Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion
1060:"2007 West Highland White Terrier Health Survey Final Report"
817:"Poodle Terrier Mix: See How Incredible This Hybrid Breed Is"
573:, and his grandson Norman, who became Chief after his death.
565:, and it was reported by their descendants that at least two
1208:
NISHIFUJI, Koji; PARK, Seong-Jun; IWASAKI, Toshiroh (2007).
956:
1720:
633:
recognition followed in 1909. Until 1924 in the UK, Westie
554:
409:". As this condition is most commonly found in Westies and
2391:
1431:
Cameron, Ludovick Charles Richard Duncombe-Jewell (1908).
1274:
644:
2859:
2095:
389:
An inherited genetic problem that exists in the breed is
619:
recognition followed in 1907, and the breed appeared at
905:
1223:(4). Japanese Society of Veterinary Science: 455–457.
3037:
considered to be wholly or partly of Scottish origin.
1457:. Cincinnati, OH: Sportsman's Digest. pp. 26–29.
1207:
3017:
595:
A West Highland White Terrier, photographed in 1915
1454:Dogs as home companions; a book for all dog lovers
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1090:. Ames, IO: Blackwell Science. pp. 146–148.
3321:
1595:
1347:
569:kept white terriers, including "The Wicked Man"
1437:. New York, NY: C. Scribner's Sons. p. 43.
1364:
521:Three Pittenweem Terriers, photographed in 1899
1309:Richter, K. (2013). Canine chronic hepatitis.
969:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
3003:
2377:
1736:
1360:. London, UK: The Bazaar Office. p. 350.
2547:
1563:
1536:
1521:
1254:. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 459.
1249:
1182:
1039:
798:
796:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
714:
440:. A degeneration of the hip joint, known as
1446:
1444:
1420:. London, UK: Hutchinson. pp. 100–102.
1407:
1187:. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 94.
1164:
1152:
1140:
1128:
1116:
1104:
999:
861:West Highland White Terrier Club of America
3010:
2996:
2384:
2370:
1743:
1729:
1320:
1318:
29:
990:
885:. London, UK: Pocket Books. p. 124.
793:
753:
711:
607:The first breed club was set up in 1904;
1450:
1441:
1337:
1335:
1333:
643:
590:
516:
380:
321:
282:
246:
1551:
1430:
1353:
1315:
839:
837:
814:
775:. New York, NY: Barron's. p. 133.
3322:
2392:Dogs originating in the United Kingdom
1623:
1387:
857:"Westie Earthdog or 'Going-to-Ground'"
728:
604:by L.C.R. Cameron, published in 1908.
2991:
2675:English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan)
2365:
2223:English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan)
1724:
1626:"The Most Popular Dog Breeds of 2020"
1330:
1217:Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
1083:
880:
170:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
2865:Dumfriesshire Black and Tan Foxhound
1413:
834:
768:
341:. Westie puppies may be affected by
1057:
1017:
735:. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. p. 383.
609:Niall Campbell, 10th Duke of Argyll
577:George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll
13:
3340:Dog breeds originating in Scotland
1680:. Cincinnati, OH: Stewart Kidd Co.
1505:. 23 February 1962. Archived from
1475:. 23 February 1942. Archived from
14:
3351:
1652:
1603:"AKC Dog Registration Statistics"
1576:. The Kennel Club. Archived from
1170:
1158:
1146:
1134:
1122:
1110:
1045:
1005:
815:Dekkers, Carly (7 October 2019).
1673:
1544:Dogworld: Digital Crufts Edition
1529:Dogworld: Digital Crufts Edition
1277:Journal of Small Animal Practice
1087:Skin diseases of the dog and cat
802:
658:Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show
436:, but is more commonly found in
99:25–28 cm (9.8–11.0 in)
3019:Scottish domestic animal breeds
1646:
1617:
1542:
1527:
1491:
1461:
1424:
1341:
1303:
1268:
1243:
1201:
1176:
1077:
1051:
1011:
950:
843:
553:being wrecked on the island of
107:6.8–9.1 kg (15–20 lb)
2182:American Staffordshire Terrier
1879:Villanuco de Las Encartaciones
1706:Smith, Arthur Croxton (1910).
1705:
1557:
1324:
947:mean=11.89 ± 3.92 median=12.93
899:
874:
849:
808:
686:
278:
1:
2809:Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
1684:
1624:Reisen, Jan (16 March 2021).
1018:Cox, Charlotte (6 May 2016).
694:"West Highland White Terrier"
675:
648:A Westie in a modern show-cut
242:
1750:
1688:West Highland White Terriers
1499:"Fads: The Poodle Dethroned"
1414:Lane, Charles Henry (1902).
326:Face of a 15-year-old Westie
7:
3170:West Highland White Terrier
2654:West Highland White Terrier
2086:West Highland White Terrier
1864:Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier
1691:. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's.
1674:Bruette, William A (1921).
1653:Ackerman, Lowell J (2011).
549:Reports of a ship from the
442:Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome
438:Staffordshire Bull Terriers
391:globoid cell leukodystrophy
343:craniomandibular osteopathy
202:West Highland White Terrier
24:West Highland White Terrier
10:
3356:
2711:Staffordshire Bull Terrier
2207:Staffordshire Bull Terrier
1849:Ratonero Bodeguero Andaluz
1417:Dog shows and doggy people
1388:Horter, Ria (April 2009).
1084:Gross, Thelma Lee (2005).
975:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w
927:10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.11.008
512:
430:Alpha-Hydroxyglutaric acid
251:Westies have dense, thick
3256:
3230:
3214:
3178:
3092:
3044:
3025:
2953:
2832:
2791:
2723:
2688:
2667:
2538:
2460:
2397:
2315:
2282:
2264:American Hairless Terrier
2256:
2215:
2177:American Pit Bull Terrier
2162:
2150:Treeing Tennessee Brindle
2094:
1993:
1968:
1940:
1897:
1774:
1767:
1758:
407:white dog shaker syndrome
317:
184:
173:
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103:
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90:
86:
76:
59:
37:
28:
23:
3029:These are the principal
2490:English Springer Spaniel
1451:Hochwell, A. F. (1925).
1434:Otters and otter-hunting
883:The Intelligence of Dogs
772:The New Terrier Handbook
680:
602:Otters and Otter Hunting
311:The Intelligence of Dogs
2895:Old Welsh Grey Sheepdog
2076:Teddy Roosevelt Terrier
1025:Manchester Evening News
881:Coren, Stanley (2006).
732:The Howell Book of Dogs
533:to be presented to the
204:(commonly shortened to
52:White Roseneath Terrier
3120:Dandie Dinmont Terrier
2706:Miniature Bull Terrier
2644:Sporting Lucas Terrier
2609:Parson Russell Terrier
2579:Dandie Dinmont Terrier
2530:Welsh Springer Spaniel
2480:English Cocker Spaniel
2475:Curly-Coated Retriever
2243:Toy Manchester Terrier
2202:Miniature Bull Terrier
2071:Sporting Lucas Terrier
2016:Dandie Dinmont Terrier
1917:Danish–Swedish Farmdog
1834:Parson Russell Terrier
1714:Hodder & Stoughton
1605:. American Kennel Club
1354:Dalziel, Hugh (1879).
915:The Veterinary Journal
769:Kern, Kerry V (1988).
649:
596:
522:
462:seborrhoeic dermatitis
386:
327:
288:
259:
3284:North Country Cheviot
2875:English White Terrier
2870:English Water Spaniel
2840:Black and Tan Terrier
2500:Flat-Coated Retriever
2302:English White Terrier
2292:Black and Tan Terrier
2269:Russian Black Terrier
2115:Catahoula Leopard Dog
2036:Miniature Fox Terrier
2021:Glen of Imaal Terrier
1976:Black Russian Terrier
1677:The Complete Dog Book
647:
637:were allowed to have
594:
520:
384:
325:
286:
250:
152:Kennel club standards
2885:North Country Beagle
2819:King Charles Spaniel
2758:Pembroke Welsh Corgi
2753:Old English Sheepdog
2743:Cardigan Welsh Corgi
2584:Jack Russell Terrier
2447:West Country Harrier
2026:Jack Russell Terrier
1709:The Power of the Dog
1630:American Kennel Club
1509:on 26 September 2008
729:Palika, Liz (2007).
698:thekennelclub.org.uk
663:Burneze Geordie Girl
631:Canadian Kennel Club
626:American Kennel Club
613:Countess of Aberdeen
527:James VI of Scotland
507:hepatocellular death
403:galactosylceramidase
356:Radiographic testing
2940:Tweed Water Spaniel
2930:Toy Trawler Spaniel
2890:Old English Bulldog
2855:Cumberland Sheepdog
2081:Tenterfield Terrier
1955:Miniature Schnauzer
1829:Old English Terrier
1229:10.1292/jvms.69.455
1058:Grayson, J. Kevin.
446:Australian Shepherd
347:autosomal recessive
3294:Scottish Blackface
3155:Scottish Deerhound
2824:Northern Inuit Dog
2639:Smooth Fox Terrier
2614:Patterdale Terrier
2594:Manchester Terrier
2564:Bedlington Terrier
2515:Labrador Retriever
2437:Scottish Deerhound
2323:Bull-type terriers
2001:Australian Terrier
1960:Standard Schnauzer
1932:Miniature Pinscher
1869:Terrier Brasileiro
1859:Smooth Fox Terrier
1839:Patterdale Terrier
1824:Manchester Terrier
1814:Kerry Blue Terrier
1794:Ca Rater MallorquĂ
1784:Bedlington Terrier
1685:Rice, Dan (2002).
1583:on 31 January 2012
1469:"She Asked For It"
1289:10.1111/jsap.13354
963:Scientific Reports
654:conformation shows
650:
597:
523:
466:primary seborrhoea
387:
328:
302:Scottish Deerhound
289:
287:Two Westie puppies
260:
46:Poltalloch Terrier
3317:
3316:
3269:Castlemilk Moorit
3160:Shetland Sheepdog
2985:
2984:
2845:Blue Paul Terrier
2768:Shetland Sheepdog
2748:Lancashire Heeler
2719:
2718:
2680:Yorkshire Terrier
2359:
2358:
2297:Blue Paul Terrier
2248:Yorkshire Terrier
2158:
2157:
1989:
1988:
1912:Austrian Pinscher
1874:Valencian Terrier
1854:Ratonero Murciano
1698:978-0-7641-1899-9
1666:978-1-58326-157-6
1261:978-0-8138-1596-1
1194:978-0-8138-1596-1
1097:978-0-632-06452-6
892:978-1-4165-0287-6
782:978-0-8120-3951-1
742:978-0-470-00921-5
535:Kingdom of France
503:chronic hepatitis
484:hyperpigmentation
450:Miniature Pincher
415:Yorkshire Terrier
368:hyperpigmentation
364:atopic dermatitis
198:
197:
180:
179:
143:
142:
49:Roseneath Terrier
3347:
3299:Scottish Dunface
3289:North Ronaldsay
3150:Scottish Terrier
3125:Golden Retriever
3012:
3005:
2998:
2989:
2988:
2696:Bull and terrier
2659:Wire Fox Terrier
2629:Sealyham Terrier
2624:Scottish Terrier
2589:Lakeland Terrier
2559:Airedale Terrier
2545:
2544:
2505:Golden Retriever
2417:English Foxhound
2386:
2379:
2372:
2363:
2362:
2192:Bull and terrier
2164:Bull-type breeds
2061:Sealyham Terrier
2056:Scottish Terrier
2031:Japanese Terrier
1889:Wire Fox Terrier
1819:Lakeland Terrier
1779:Airedale Terrier
1772:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1702:
1681:
1670:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1582:
1575:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1540:
1534:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1395:. Dogs in Canada
1394:
1385:
1362:
1361:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1328:
1322:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1214:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1064:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
954:
948:
946:
912:
903:
897:
896:
878:
872:
871:
869:
867:
853:
847:
841:
832:
831:
829:
827:
812:
806:
800:
791:
790:
766:
751:
750:
726:
709:
708:
706:
704:
690:
585:Scottish Terrier
540:Scottish Terrier
454:luxating patella
227:A cousin of the
193:
187:
149:
148:
128:Litter size
88:
87:
60:Common nicknames
40:
33:
21:
20:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3252:
3226:
3210:
3174:
3135:Paisley Terrier
3088:
3064:Belted Galloway
3040:
3035:domestic animal
3021:
3016:
2986:
2981:
2949:
2900:Paisley Terrier
2880:Norfolk Spaniel
2828:
2814:English Mastiff
2787:
2715:
2684:
2663:
2619:Plummer Terrier
2604:Norwich Terrier
2599:Norfolk Terrier
2551:
2534:
2470:Clumber Spaniel
2456:
2393:
2390:
2360:
2355:
2351:Working terrier
2311:
2307:Paisley Terrier
2278:
2274:Tibetan Terrier
2252:
2238:Toy Fox Terrier
2211:
2154:
2105:Black Mouth Cur
2090:
2046:Norwich Terrier
2041:Norfolk Terrier
1985:
1981:Dutch Smoushond
1964:
1950:Giant Schnauzer
1936:
1927:German Pinscher
1893:
1844:Plummer Terrier
1799:Chilean Terrier
1754:
1749:
1699:
1667:
1649:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1622:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1541:
1537:
1526:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1479:on 7 March 2008
1467:
1466:
1462:
1449:
1442:
1429:
1425:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1365:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1331:
1323:
1316:
1308:
1304:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1248:
1244:
1212:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1181:
1177:
1171:Ackerman (2011)
1169:
1165:
1159:Ackerman (2011)
1157:
1153:
1147:Ackerman (2011)
1145:
1141:
1135:Ackerman (2011)
1133:
1129:
1123:Ackerman (2011)
1121:
1117:
1111:Ackerman (2011)
1109:
1105:
1098:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1052:
1046:Ackerman (2011)
1044:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1016:
1012:
1006:Ackerman (2011)
1004:
1000:
955:
951:
910:
904:
900:
893:
879:
875:
865:
863:
855:
854:
850:
842:
835:
825:
823:
813:
809:
801:
794:
783:
767:
754:
743:
727:
712:
702:
700:
692:
691:
687:
683:
678:
515:
480:lichenification
372:lichenification
320:
281:
245:
189:
185:
158:The Kennel Club
72:
55:
38:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3353:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3248:Shetland Goose
3245:
3240:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3110:Border Terrier
3107:
3102:
3100:Bearded Collie
3096:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3054:Aberdeen Angus
3050:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2992:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2905:Southern Hound
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2783:Welsh Sheepdog
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2733:Bearded Collie
2729:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2569:Border Terrier
2566:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2525:Sussex Spaniel
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2485:English Setter
2482:
2477:
2472:
2466:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2366:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2284:Extinct breeds
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2187:Boston Terrier
2184:
2179:
2174:
2172:American Bully
2168:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2140:Stephens Stock
2137:
2135:Mountain Feist
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2098:hunting breeds
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1789:Border Terrier
1786:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1762:
1760:Working breeds
1756:
1755:
1748:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1712:. London, UK:
1703:
1697:
1682:
1671:
1665:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1616:
1594:
1562:
1550:
1535:
1520:
1490:
1460:
1440:
1423:
1406:
1363:
1346:
1329:
1314:
1302:
1283:(9): 730–736.
1267:
1260:
1242:
1200:
1193:
1175:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1103:
1096:
1076:
1050:
1038:
1010:
998:
949:
898:
891:
873:
848:
833:
807:
803:Bruette (1921)
792:
781:
752:
741:
710:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
571:Norman MacLeod
551:Spanish Armada
514:
511:
492:otitis externa
319:
316:
280:
277:
244:
241:
196:
195:
182:
181:
178:
177:
172:
166:
165:
160:
154:
153:
145:
144:
141:
140:
139:12 to 18 years
137:
136:Life span
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
71:
70:
67:
63:
61:
57:
56:
54:
53:
50:
47:
43:
41:
35:
34:
26:
25:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3352:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3207:
3206:Shetland Pony
3204:
3202:
3201:Highland Pony
3199:
3197:
3196:Galloway Pony
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3145:Smooth Collie
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3130:Gordon Setter
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3115:Cairn Terrier
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3105:Border Collie
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3013:
3008:
3006:
3001:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2965:Fell Terriers
2962:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2946:
2945:Welsh Hillman
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:Smooth Collie
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2738:Border Collie
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2649:Welsh Terrier
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2574:Cairn Terrier
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2510:Gordon Setter
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2495:Field Spaniel
2493:
2491:
2488:
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2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2467:
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2459:
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2380:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2335:Fell Terriers
2332:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
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2275:
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2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:Miscellaneous
2255:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2233:Silky Terrier
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
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2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
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2165:
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2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
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2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2011:Cesky Terrier
2009:
2007:
2006:Cairn Terrier
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1907:Affenpinscher
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:Welsh Terrier
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
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1845:
1842:
1840:
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1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1804:Irish Terrier
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1773:
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1766:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1753:
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1662:
1658:
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1651:
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1579:
1572:
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1359:
1358:
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1306:
1298:
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1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
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1211:
1204:
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1190:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1167:
1160:
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1148:
1143:
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1131:
1124:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1099:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1080:
1061:
1054:
1048:: pp. 116–117
1047:
1042:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1002:
993:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
953:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
909:
902:
894:
888:
884:
877:
862:
858:
852:
845:
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822:
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811:
804:
799:
797:
788:
784:
778:
774:
773:
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
748:
744:
738:
734:
733:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
699:
695:
689:
685:
673:
671:
666:
664:
659:
655:
646:
642:
640:
636:
632:
627:
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
603:
593:
589:
586:
582:
581:Clan Campbell
578:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
547:
545:
544:Cairn Terrier
541:
536:
532:
528:
519:
510:
508:
504:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
472:
467:
463:
457:
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451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
383:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
357:
353:
348:
344:
340:
335:
333:
324:
315:
313:
312:
308:'s 1994 book
307:
306:Stanley Coren
303:
299:
293:
285:
276:
272:
268:
266:
258:
255:and a smooth
254:
249:
240:
238:
234:
230:
229:Cairn Terrier
225:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
192:
183:
176:
171:
167:
164:
159:
155:
150:
146:
134:
126:
118:
110:
102:
94:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
68:
65:
64:
62:
58:
51:
48:
45:
44:
42:
36:
32:
27:
22:
16:
3191:Eriskay Pony
3169:
3165:Skye Terrier
3140:Rough Collie
2969:Fox Terriers
2957:
2935:Turnspit dog
2920:Talbot Hound
2910:Sleuth hound
2763:Rough Collie
2725:Herding dogs
2701:Bull Terrier
2653:
2634:Skye Terrier
2339:Fox Terriers
2319:
2197:Bull Terrier
2130:Mountain Cur
2085:
2066:Skye Terrier
1994:Short-legged
1708:
1687:
1676:
1655:
1647:Bibliography
1633:. Retrieved
1629:
1619:
1609:26 September
1607:. Retrieved
1597:
1587:26 September
1585:. Retrieved
1578:the original
1565:
1558:Smith (1921)
1553:
1543:
1538:
1528:
1523:
1513:27 September
1511:. Retrieved
1507:the original
1502:
1493:
1483:27 September
1481:. Retrieved
1477:the original
1472:
1463:
1453:
1433:
1426:
1416:
1409:
1399:30 September
1397:. Retrieved
1356:
1349:
1325:Smith (1921)
1305:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1251:
1245:
1220:
1216:
1203:
1184:
1178:
1166:
1154:
1142:
1130:
1118:
1106:
1086:
1079:
1067:. Retrieved
1053:
1041:
1029:. Retrieved
1023:
1013:
1001:
966:
962:
952:
921:(1): 74–78.
918:
914:
901:
882:
876:
864:. Retrieved
860:
851:
824:. Retrieved
820:
810:
787:Google Books
785:– via
771:
747:Google Books
745:– via
731:
701:. Retrieved
697:
688:
667:
651:
606:
601:
598:
575:
563:Clan MacLeod
548:
524:
500:
469:
458:
427:
388:
385:Westie puppy
361:
336:
329:
309:
294:
290:
273:
269:
261:
226:
222:
210:breed of dog
205:
201:
199:
191:domestic dog
15:
3238:Scots Dumpy
2925:Toy Bulldog
2804:Bullmastiff
2442:Welsh Hound
2228:Russian Toy
2145:Treeing Cur
2051:Rat Terrier
1809:Jagdterrier
1768:Long-legged
1342:Rice (2002)
844:Rice (2002)
617:Kennel Club
579:, chief of
559:Clan Donald
423:hypermetria
399:Pomeranians
332:crossbreeds
279:Temperament
39:Other names
3330:FCI breeds
3324:Categories
3243:Scots Grey
3186:Clydesdale
2773:Smithfield
2689:Bull types
2668:Toy breeds
2432:Otterhound
2412:Bloodhound
2347:Schnauzers
2216:Toy breeds
1942:Schnauzers
1635:20 October
866:30 October
676:References
471:Malassezia
352:Great Dane
257:outer coat
243:Appearance
237:Westie jaw
3279:Hebridean
2915:Staghound
2850:Buckhound
2422:Greyhound
2343:Pinschers
2327:Pit bulls
2110:Blue Lacy
1922:Dobermann
1899:Pinschers
1297:0022-4510
1237:0916-7250
983:2045-2322
821:petdt.com
652:In major
635:pedigrees
419:Dachshund
253:undercoat
18:Dog breed
3335:Terriers
3304:Shetland
3084:Shetland
3074:Highland
3069:Galloway
3059:Ayrshire
2977:Lurchers
2973:Longdogs
2540:Terriers
2462:Gun dogs
2096:Cur-type
1752:Terriers
1173:: p. 134
1161:: p. 126
1149:: p. 125
1137:: p. 108
1125:: p. 155
1113:: p. 105
1008:: p. 115
992:10834484
943:27631883
935:25475165
805:: p. 191
546:breeds.
542:and the
496:pruritus
476:erythema
448:and the
417:and the
376:alopecia
214:Scotland
175:standard
163:standard
81:Scotland
3274:Cheviot
3264:Boreray
3231:Poultry
2961:Collies
2833:Extinct
2799:Bulldog
2549:Working
2520:Pointer
2452:Whippet
2427:Harrier
2125:Lurcher
1560:: p. 85
1548:: p. 88
1533:: p. 84
1327:: p. 84
1069:6 March
670:guineas
513:History
488:malodor
411:Maltese
395:Beagles
339:hernias
265:withers
233:Cruft's
218:terrier
208:) is a
3179:Horses
3046:Cattle
3031:breeds
2975:&
2958:Types:
2552:breeds
2407:Beagle
2399:Hounds
2331:Feists
2320:Types:
1695:
1663:
1546:(2010)
1531:(2010)
1344:: p. 5
1295:
1258:
1235:
1191:
1094:
989:
981:
941:
933:
889:
846:: p. 6
779:
739:
621:Crufts
567:Chiefs
531:Argyll
494:, and
434:ataxia
374:, and
318:Health
206:Westie
131:3 to 5
120:Colour
115:Double
104:Weight
96:Height
91:Traits
77:Origin
66:Westie
3257:Sheep
3222:Grice
3079:Luing
2792:Other
2325:(and
2120:Feist
1969:Other
1581:(PDF)
1574:(PDF)
1393:(PDF)
1213:(PDF)
1063:(PDF)
1031:3 May
939:S2CID
911:(PDF)
826:3 May
703:3 May
681:Notes
639:Cairn
304:) in
212:from
123:White
69:Westy
3309:Soay
3215:Pigs
3093:Dogs
1693:ISBN
1661:ISBN
1637:2021
1611:2011
1589:2011
1515:2011
1503:Time
1485:2011
1473:Time
1401:2011
1293:ISSN
1256:ISBN
1233:ISSN
1189:ISBN
1092:ISBN
1071:2012
1033:2021
979:ISSN
931:PMID
887:ISBN
868:2021
828:2021
777:ISBN
737:ISBN
705:2021
555:Skye
505:and
464:and
397:and
298:toys
200:The
112:Coat
3033:of
2860:Cur
2329:),
1285:doi
1225:doi
987:PMC
971:doi
923:doi
919:203
186:Dog
3326::
2971:,
2967:,
2963:,
2349:,
2345:,
2341:,
2337:,
2333:,
1628:.
1501:.
1471:.
1443:^
1366:^
1332:^
1317:^
1291:.
1281:62
1279:.
1231:.
1221:69
1219:.
1215:.
1022:.
985:.
977:.
967:14
965:.
961:.
937:.
929:.
917:.
913:.
859:.
836:^
819:.
795:^
755:^
713:^
696:.
665:.
498:.
490:,
486:,
482:,
478:,
370:,
3011:e
3004:t
2997:v
2385:e
2378:t
2371:v
1744:e
1737:t
1730:v
1716:.
1701:.
1669:.
1639:.
1613:.
1591:.
1517:.
1487:.
1403:.
1299:.
1287::
1264:.
1239:.
1227::
1197:.
1100:.
1073:.
1035:.
995:.
973::
945:.
925::
895:.
870:.
830:.
789:.
749:.
707:.
194:)
188:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
