25:
1196:
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651:
32:
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258:, though there is also evidence that smallpox spread from Sydney Cove, after 'variolous matter' was brought there in 1788 by the First Fleet. This dried matter from smallpox scabs was used in a technique called variolation, which was used as protection against the disease prior to the development of vaccination. By the early nineteenth century, many of the
444:, have increasingly littered the shores since the first survey in 2011, and is probably the worst in Northern Australia. The Gumurr Marthakal Rangers have managed the area since 2016, and are concerned at the waste, but need assistance and ongoing funding to get it cleaned up as the problem is so extensive.
158:. Their re-examination has given rise to much speculation about how these medieval African coins came to Australia. Another coin, believed to be from Kilwa, turned up on Elcho Island where it was found by Past Masters amateur archaeologist Mike Hermes in 2018.
201:
The ships sailed on 17 April 1636 under the command of Gerrit Thomas Pool, who was killed on New Guinea just 11 days later. The merchant Pieter
Pieterszoon took over command and continued the voyage, returning to Banda. Besides the
753:
760:
356:
and swells hit the east coast through much of the year, but in the summer, westerly winds are prevalent, and the eastern side is calm, but subject to heavy rainfall, creating many waterfalls.
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on 22 January 1943. A Yolngu account of the incident, and attempts to save the survivors was taken down from one of the latter, Narritjin
Maymuru.
2259:
944:
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699:
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1200:
937:
803:
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190:). The expedition used two small yachts that had been prefabricated in the Netherlands and were assembled on the Banda Islands, the
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1085:
142:
In 1944, Australian soldier Morry
Isenberg found nine coins buried in the sand one day while fishing when he was stationed on
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907:
830:
238:, ultimate sources of the names of Arnhem Land and Wessel Islands, are themselves only 60 km (37 miles) separated.
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Aboriginal Tribes of
Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
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146:. In 1979 he sent these coins to be authenticated. Four of the coins were found to have come from the
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147:
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869:"Life and Death on the Wessel Islands: The Case of Australia's Mysterious African Coin Cache"
816:
700:"Calls for clean-up to remove plastic waste piling up on the Wessel Islands, off Arnhem Land"
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8:
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633:"Wessel Islands - Truant Island Special, Northern Territory : sheets SC5315, SC5316"
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1259:
1144:
855:
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804:"Coin found off Arnhem Land coast could be among Australia's oldest foreign artefacts"
1943:
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landing up on the islands was a worsening problem. Many types of plastics, including
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Most of its bays are unnamed, with only three bearing names, including
Picture Bay.
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Long, Jeremy (1992). "The
Sinking of the "Patricia Cam": Narritjin's s Story".
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269:, a string of observational outposts were set up along the Wessel Islands. A
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decided to retain the name of the islands, though he slightly modified it to
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Department of
Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities
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The islands were mapped and named by a Dutch expedition that sailed from
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Het aandeel der
Nederlanders in de ontdekking van Australië 1606-1765
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1986:
1957:
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321:, Jirrgari Island, Graham Island, Alger Island, Abbott Island, and
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155:
94:, Jirrgari Island, Graham Island, Alger Island, Abbott Island, and
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subregion based on the
Islands area, as well as the Commonwealth
343:
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596:"The forgotten Top End islands even the locals don't know about"
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335:, both part of the Wessel Islands group, are also part of the
246:
Much of the population of the Wessel Islands was decimated by
108:, both part of the Wessel Islands group, are also part of the
2014:
1950:
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530:
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The islands extend in a more or less straight line from
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Locals visit the islands by boat. Tourists can get to
150:, while the other five were determined to be from the
959:
613:
566:
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317:, Stevens Island, Burgunngura, Djeergaree, Yargara,
120:
The Wessel Islands constituted the homelands of the
90:, Stevens Island, Burgunngura, Djeergaree, Yargara,
781:
A voyage to terra Australis..in the years 1801-1803
384:There are no permanent settlements on the islands.
305:is the largest of the group. Other islands include
222:(which he misidentified as a bay). 170 years later
78:is the largest of the group. Other islands include
62:. They extend in a more or less straight line from
506:
16:Group of islands of Northern Territory, Australia
2281:
721:
206:, named after the ship, Pietersen described the
161:
49:Location of Wessel Islands in Northern Territory
589:
587:
585:
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802:Judd, Bridget; Trevaskis, Liz (10 July 2018).
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693:
691:
689:
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578:
178:following up on discoveries made in 1623 by
428:reported in early 2022 that the problem of
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656:Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
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29:
58:is a group of uninhabited islands in the
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313:(the most outlying island), Guluwuru,
86:(the most outlying island), Guluwuru,
31:
1228:
933:
745:"A Pictorial History of ELCHO ISLAND"
697:
1207:
852:Australian National University Press
839:
814:
754:"Wessel Commonwealth Marine Reserve"
751:
727:
619:
512:
708:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
698:Abram, Mitchell (20 January 2022).
250:. It may have been introduced from
131:
13:
182:and Willem van Colster (who named
14:
2316:
2290:Islands of the Northern Territory
960:Islands of the Northern Territory
918:
408:The archipelago is known for its
256:Makassan traders during the 1790s
1206:
1195:
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649:
440:, plastic bottles, cartons, and
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241:
30:
23:
743:
661:
594:Tansley, Craig (2 April 2021).
524:
60:Northern Territory of Australia
900:Australian National University
454:Abbott Island (Wessel Islands)
1:
747:. Past Masters International.
392:
379:
376:, and take tours from there.
162:European discovery and naming
2300:Arnhem Land tropical savanna
464:
359:
293:and the Napier Peninsula of
66:and the Napier Peninsula of
7:
648:Includes downloadable map,
447:
10:
2321:
789:Heeres, Jan Ernst (1899).
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397:Wessel is the name of the
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262:clans had been wiped out.
135:
115:
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1266:
1190:
965:
867:McIntosh, Ian S. (2012).
501:Judd & Trevaskis 2018
426:Charles Darwin University
277:, was sunk by a Japanese
170:to explore the coasts of
815:Kirk, Robert W. (2012).
459:
148:Dutch East India Company
1093:Sir George Hope Islands
888:Tindale, Norman Barnett
823:McFarland & Company
673:Encyclopedia Britannica
412:, and harbours several
2219:By state or territory
539:, p. viii,64-67.
424:Researchers from the
1692:Mantjintjarra Ngalia
770:on 15 February 2013.
301:, to the northeast.
285:Extent and geography
74:, to the northeast.
46:class=notpageimage|
876:Australian Folklore
2232:Northern Territory
1260:Northern Territory
925:Wessel Islands map
843:Aboriginal History
654:available under a
414:endangered species
337:Cunningham Islands
110:Cunningham Islands
2277:
2276:
2267:Western Australia
1222:
1221:
1066:Sir Edward Pellew
909:978-0-708-10741-6
832:978-0-786-49298-5
784:. London: Bulmer.
776:Flinders, Matthew
622:, pp. 83–84.
303:Marchinbar Island
212:Melville Island (
208:Cobourg Peninsula
144:Marchinbar Island
138:Marchinbar Island
76:Marchinbar Island
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808:ABC Radio Darwin
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763:. Archived from
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669:"Wessel Islands"
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491:, pp. 9–26.
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230:. The cities of
224:Matthew Flinders
132:Marchinbar coins
34:
33:
27:
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2225:New South Wales
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2181:
2174:
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2155:Yan-nhaŋu/Nango
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1258:peoples in the
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186:after his ship
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152:Kilwa Sultanate
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92:Drysdale Island
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1973:Pitjantjatjara
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1177:Vernon Islands
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1019:Groote Eylandt
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919:External links
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749:
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563:, p. 246.
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479:, p. 232.
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403:marine reserve
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333:Warnawi Island
311:Rimbija Island
291:Buckingham Bay
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204:Wesel Eilanden
163:
160:
136:Main article:
133:
130:
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106:Warnawi Island
84:Rimbija Island
64:Buckingham Bay
56:Wessel Islands
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38:Wessel Islands
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1959:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1853:Ngaanyatjarra
1850:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1839:Nanggikorongo
1836:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1825:Murrinh-Patha
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1804:Mulluk-Mulluk
1801:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1790:Menhdheyangal
1787:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1531:Garrwa/Karawa
1528:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1215:
1214:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
993:
990:
986:
983:
982:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
964:
955:
950:
948:
943:
941:
936:
935:
932:
926:
923:
922:
911:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
870:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
844:
838:
834:
828:
824:
820:
819:
813:
809:
805:
800:
796:
792:
787:
783:
782:
777:
773:
766:
762:
755:
752:ERIN (2012).
750:
746:
742:
741:
729:
724:
709:
705:
701:
694:
692:
690:
674:
670:
664:
657:
652:
638:
634:
628:
621:
616:
601:
597:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
575:, p. 21.
574:
573:McIntosh 2012
569:
562:
561:Flinders 1814
557:
550:
545:
538:
533:
526:
521:
515:, p. 29.
514:
509:
502:
497:
490:
489:McIntosh 2012
485:
478:
473:
469:
455:
452:
451:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
430:plastic waste
427:
420:Plastic waste
417:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
385:
377:
375:
371:
367:
357:
355:
350:
347:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
329:Bumaga Island
326:
324:
323:Howard Island
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
242:Later history
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
220:Dundas Strait
217:
215:
209:
205:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
180:Jan Carstensz
177:
173:
169:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
139:
129:
127:
123:
113:
111:
107:
103:
102:Bumaga Island
99:
97:
96:Howard Island
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
47:
26:
19:
2176:Yindjilandji
1916:Ngolokwangga
1720:Marimanindji
1608:Karrangpurru
1321:Anindilyakwa
1314:Andakerebina
1211:
1199:
1129:
992:Croker Group
895:
892:"Nango (NT)"
879:
875:
847:
841:
817:
790:
780:
765:the original
723:
711:. Retrieved
703:
676:. Retrieved
672:
663:
640:. Retrieved
636:
627:
615:
603:. Retrieved
599:
568:
556:
544:
532:
520:
508:
496:
484:
477:Tindale 1974
472:
434:fishing gear
423:
410:biodiversity
407:
396:
383:
366:Gove Airport
363:
351:
348:
341:
327:
307:Elcho Island
299:Elcho Island
288:
275:Patricia Cam
267:World War II
264:
245:
227:
213:
203:
200:
195:
191:
187:
165:
141:
121:
119:
100:
80:Elcho Island
72:Elcho Island
55:
53:
18:
1930:Norweilemil
1762:Marrithiyal
1755:Marranunggu
1552:Gungorogone
1086:South West
549:Heeres 1899
537:Heeres 1899
354:trade winds
295:Arnhem Land
279:float plane
271:minesweeper
184:Arnhem Land
168:Banda Neira
68:Arnhem Land
2284:Categories
2239:Queensland
2127:Wongkamala
2099:Warndarang
1994:Rembarrnga
1980:Pongaponga
1944:Nunggubuyu
1874:Ngaliwurru
1846:Nangiomeri
1727:Marinunggo
1713:Maridjabin
1636:Kungarakan
1587:Jamindjung
1496:Emmiyangal
1461:Djerimanga
1377:Bingongina
1328:Anmatyerre
1256:Aboriginal
1160:Marchinbar
1145:Cunningham
1031:Haul Round
1009:East Woody
985:Milingimbi
795:E.J. Brill
713:21 January
678:21 January
642:21 January
637:Geoscience
605:21 January
438:ghost nets
393:Protection
380:Population
346:deposits.
214:Roode hoek
176:South Land
172:New Guinea
2120:Wilingura
2106:Warumungu
2085:Warlmanpa
2036:Wadjiginy
1895:Ngarinman
1860:Ngalakgan
1811:Muringura
1776:Matuntara
1685:Mangarayi
1671:Madngella
1657:Kwarandji
1650:Kunwinjku
1643:Kunibidji
1559:Gunindiri
1524:Gambalang
1517:Gadjerong
1489:Doolboong
1440:Djalakuru
1363:Bilingara
1356:Beriguruk
1307:Amijangal
1293:Alyawarre
1081:Vanderlin
1036:Higginson
1024:Bickerton
1002:New Year
980:Crocodile
854:: 81–84.
728:ERIN 2012
620:Long 1992
600:Traveller
513:Kirk 2012
465:Citations
442:styrofoam
360:Transport
352:Easterly
126:Yan-nhaŋu
2260:Victoria
2253:Tasmania
2169:Yaroinga
2134:Wulwulam
2092:Warlpiri
2078:Wardaman
2071:Wandjira
1987:Puneitja
1958:Perrakee
1923:Ngormbur
1797:Mudburra
1734:Marijedi
1664:Larrakia
1615:Kaytetye
1566:Gurindji
1538:Giimbiyu
1503:Gaagudju
1370:Binbinga
1335:Arrernte
1201:Category
1170:Raragala
1150:Drysdale
1113:Melville
1108:Bathurst
1014:Goulburn
890:(1974).
860:24046211
778:(1814).
704:ABC News
658:licence.
448:See also
374:Airnorth
315:Raragala
252:Makassar
248:smallpox
194:and the
174:and the
156:Tanzania
88:Raragala
2204:Yunggor
2162:Yanyuwa
2148:Yangman
2141:Wurango
2064:Wambaya
2043:Wagoman
1966:Pintupi
1937:Nungali
1902:Ngarnka
1888:Ngardok
1769:Mati Ke
1706:Maridan
1699:Mariamo
1622:Kukatja
1601:Jingili
1573:Iwaidja
1545:Gudanji
1468:Djinang
1454:Djerait
1433:Dhuwala
1412:Dalabon
1398:Dagoman
1391:Burarra
1349:Awinmul
1272:Airiman
1213:Commons
1125:Warnawi
1118:Seagull
1061:Rimbija
882:: 9–26.
850:(1–2).
737:Sources
388:Ecology
344:bauxite
265:During
116:History
2295:Yolngu
2183:Yolngu
2050:Wakaya
2029:Wadere
2022:Waanyi
1909:Ngarti
1881:Ngandi
1867:Ngalia
1832:Nagara
1629:Kunapa
1594:Jawoyn
1482:Djowei
1475:Djinba
1426:Dhuwal
1384:Bininj
1342:Awarai
1300:Amarak
1182:Woodah
1165:Quail
1140:Bumaga
1135:Abbott
1130:Wessel
1076:Skull
1071:Centre
1046:Inglis
1041:Howard
997:Croker
975:Burney
970:Bremer
906:
858:
829:
372:using
370:Cairns
297:, and
273:, the
260:Yolngu
232:Arnhem
228:Wessel
218:, and
188:Arnhem
70:, and
2190:Yukul
2113:Watta
2015:Tjial
1951:Oitbi
1783:Maung
1748:Marra
1741:Mariu
1580:Jaako
1510:Gaari
1447:Djaŋu
1419:Dangu
1286:Alura
1279:Alawa
1155:Elcho
1056:Peron
1051:Maria
872:(PDF)
856:JSTOR
768:(PDF)
757:(PDF)
460:Notes
368:from
236:Wesel
196:Wesel
122:Nango
2197:Yumu
2057:Walu
2008:Tiwi
1405:Daii
1103:Tiwi
904:ISBN
827:ISBN
715:2022
680:2022
644:2022
607:2022
399:IBRA
331:and
234:and
104:and
54:The
525:PMI
254:by
154:in
124:or
2286::
902:.
898:.
894:.
880:27
878:.
874:.
848:16
846:.
825:.
821:.
806:.
793:.
759:.
706:.
702:.
688:^
671:.
635:.
598:.
580:^
436:,
416:.
405:.
339:.
325:.
309:,
210:,
198:.
128:.
112:.
98:.
82:,
1960:?
1248:e
1241:t
1234:v
953:e
946:t
939:v
912:.
862:.
835:.
810:.
797:.
730:.
717:.
682:.
646:.
609:.
527:.
503:.
216:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
