22:
151:(often spelt with a capital C) means more than just the land or waters in Aboriginal culture. There is no equivalent in the English language to describe that which permeates all aspects of existence: culture, spirituality, language, law, family and identity. Aboriginal people did not own land as property in the past, but their relationship to an area of land provides a deep sense of "identity, purpose and belonging" and is a relationship of reciprocity and respect. "Country includes all living things ... It embraces the
343:, a member of CAR in those days, has said that there was no formal strategy to bring the Acknowledgement of Country into Australian life, but it just grew organically and became accepted as part of many types of gatherings. It is seen as a good way to engage people with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and culture and the wider Australian community sees the relationship feels that its important to have a good relationship with Australia's Indigenous peoples.
1471:
1255:
1078:
159:." The history of a people with an area ("country") can go back for thousands of years and the relationship with the land is nurtured and sustained by cultural knowledge and by the environment. Disconnection from the land can impact health and wellbeing. This connection is also reflected in such phrases as "caring for country" or "living on country" and related to the importance of
386:
from 1788. Including recognition of
Indigenous peoples in events, meetings and national symbols is seen as one part of repairing the damage caused by exclusion from settler society. Incorporating Welcome or Acknowledgement protocols into official meetings and events "recognises Aboriginal and Torres
399:
Both
Welcomes and Acknowledgements recognise the continuing connection of Aboriginal traditional owners to their country, and offer appropriate respect as part of the process of reconciliation and healing. As they have become more commonplace and people have become used to hearing them, efforts are
412:
advised that
Welcomes are advised for major public events, forums and functions in locations where traditional owners have been formally recognised. A Welcome to Country can only be undertaken by an elder, formally recognised traditional owner or custodian to welcome visitors to their traditional
454:
If a local elder is not available, or if the traditional owners have not been formally recognised for the area, an
Acknowledgement of Country, also known as Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners, performed by the host of the event, is appropriate. If there is no formal recognition of traditional
259:
I asked the good spirits of my ancestors and the good spirits of the ancestors of the land to watch over us and keep our guests safe while they’re in our
Country. And then I talked to the spirits of their ancestors, saying that we’re looking after them here and we will send them back to their
439:
people. This ceremony takes the form of a display that contains imagery, music, and pryotechnic effects inspired by
Aboriginal culture. Since New Year's Eve 2022, the concept has been expanded to encompass the entirety of the 9 p.m. "Family Fireworks" show, whose soundtrack is curated by an
599:", whose lyrics include a play on the traditional Welcome to Country as a critical review of Aboriginal history. Starting with the line "Welcome to Gadigal land", it goes on to mention other things brought by foreign settlers, like poison and grog (alcohol), and smallpox (whose
254:
people, was intended to mirror the visitors' own traditions, while incorporating elements of
Aboriginal culture. Walley recalled that Māori performers were uncomfortable performing their cultural act without having been acknowledged or welcomed by the people of the land.
462:
Our meeting/conference/workshop is being held on the lands of the people and I wish to acknowledge them as
Traditional Owners. I would also like to pay my respects to their Elders, past and present, and Aboriginal Elders of other communities who may be here
1810:
583:, on the basis that, among other things, their wording "almost invariably carries overtones of an Indigenous spirituality inconsistent with Christian belief" and that "final ownership of land" is vested in the Creator rather than people.
75:" has a particular meaning and significance to many Aboriginal peoples, encompassing an interdependent relationship between an individual or a people and their ancestral or traditional lands and seas. The connection to land involves
932:
1928:
766:
1845:
1905:
179:
used to welcome other peoples from other areas and as a cultural exchange. It is seen as a way of making newcomers feel comfortable and connected, and may be the basis for forging important future relationships.
346:
Welcomes and acknowledgements have since been incorporated into openings of meetings and other events across
Australia, by all levels of government, universities, community groups, arts other organisations.
99:. The Welcome to Country has been a long tradition among Aboriginal Australian groups to welcome peoples from other areas. Today it serves also as a symbol which signifies the recognition of
1748:
816:
471:
I acknowledge the
Traditional Owners of the land on which we are meeting. I pay my respects to their Elders, past and present, and the Elders from other communities who may be here today.
1665:
1028:
922:
854:
993:
1964:
743:
494:
We recognise and respect their cultural heritage, beliefs and relationship with the land. We acknowledge that they are of continuing importance to the Kaurna people living today.
131:'s survival was dependent upon its understanding of food, water and other resources within its own country – a discrete area of land to which it had more or less exclusive claim.
1787:
1721:
1124:
455:
ownership, it is advised to limit recognition to an Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners generally, without making a reference to the name of any specific traditional owners.
1837:
1240:
1316:
785:
52:
clan or language group who were recognised as the original human inhabitants of the area. For the Welcome to be recognised as official, it must be performed by a recognised
1897:
1691:
1579:
324:
660:
21:
544:
Welcomes to Country have attracted criticism from conservative politicians, historians and commentators, some of whom suggest that such ceremonies are a form of
400:
being made by many to keep the words alive and make them meaningful. They may be used to inform and educate as well as being entertaining at the same time.
48:
at many events held in Australia. It is an event intended to highlight the cultural significance of the surrounding area to the descendants of a particular
1456:
1154:
215:
in Southern Africa, including artist Bauxhau Stone, were sent out by AUS representatives to invite Aboriginal people to the festival and funding from the
362:, an event which occurs after each federal election. The welcome includes a speech as well as traditional music and dance. Given that parliament sits in
899:
1210:
195:(AUS) has been documented as Australia's first publicly observed Welcome to Country, although it was not called this at the time. Organisers of the
1368:
808:
1544:
1290:
1657:
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says that the Aboriginal National Theatre Trust was instrumental in developing both welcomes and acknowledgements to country during the 1980s.
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844:
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955:
355:
80:
712:
1956:
1180:
1419:
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502:
1777:
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peoples' presence in Australia before colonisation and an end to their past exclusion from Australian history and society, aiding to
690:
1811:"Peter Dutton reveals his stance on Welcome to Country after Tony Abbott said he was 'getting a little bit sick' of the ceremonies"
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1991:
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288:
100:
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160:
88:
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The Welcome to Country and Acknowledgement of Country have become core Australian customs. Some jurisdictions, such as
1575:
1393:
760:
636:
247:
878:"Black Fellas and Rainbow Fellas: Convergence of Cultures at the Aquarius Arts and Lifestyle Festival, Nimbin, 1973"
2001:
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576:
84:
505:" are sometimes included in Acknowledgement of Country, as acknowledgement that the land of Australia was never
1448:
1146:
176:
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books and from the democratic process in Australia for the first two centuries of white settlement, since the
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335:
that Acknowledgement of Country grew among "grassroots communities concerned with issues of reconciliation".
152:
92:
76:
1929:"Presbyterian Church of Australia rules Indigenous Acknowledgement of Country 'not appropriate' for service"
877:
192:
1202:
487:
City of Adelaide acknowledges that we are meeting on the traditional country of the Kaurna people of the
53:
60:, music or dance. Where an elder is not available to perform the welcome, or there is not a recognised
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1782:
988:
383:
312:
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136:
227:. A ceremony was conducted by Uncle Lyle Roberts and song man Uncle Dickee Donnelly, the last known
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301:
104:
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537:, make a welcome (or, failing that, acknowledgement) mandatory at all government-run events. The
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328:
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attended the two-week festival, marking a significant kindling of relationships with Australia's
188:
111:
628:
220:
49:
720:
423:
has incorporated a Welcome to Country since the 2015–16 event to acknowledge the territory of
1898:"'Ignorant and racist': Pauline Hanson slammed for walking out on Acknowledgement of Country"
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960:
600:
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196:
148:
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72:
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And we also extend that respect to other Aboriginal Language Groups and other First Nations.
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45:
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Since 2008, a Welcome to Country has been incorporated into the ceremonial opening of the
8:
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country. The format varies; it may include a welcome speech, a traditional dance, and/or
1815:
1743:
549:
379:
280:
216:
1658:"How the Acknowledgment of Country became a core national custom — and why it matters"
1486:
1270:
1093:
1017:"How the Acknowledgment of Country became a core national custom – and why it matters"
1317:"Sydney New Year's Eve 2015: Welcome to Country ceremony to be seen around the world"
756:
632:
621:
184:
132:
61:
1394:"Here is where you attend New Year's Eve celebrations in Australia's capital cities"
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548:
and do not reflect traditional Aboriginal culture. Critics have included historian
476:
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57:
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1482:
1277:
1266:
1100:
1089:
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320:
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521:, have become common at public events in Canada and have begun to be adopted by
358:, a Welcome to Country has been incorporated into the ceremonial opening of the
243:
1754:
1607:
927:
845:"How Welcome to Country rituals are changing to make all Australians take note"
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565:
279:
Acknowledgements of country are a more recent development, associated with the
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224:
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to seek permission from traditional owners to hold the festival on their land.
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1985:
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273:
96:
1568:"What is the significance of acknowledging the Indigenous land we stand on?"
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592:
557:
424:
340:
234:
The second recorded Welcome to Country occurred in 1976, when entertainers
156:
56:
of the group. Welcomes to Country are sometimes accompanied by traditional
219:
paid for many busloads to travel to the festival. An estimated 200 to 800
1933:
553:
378:
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples were largely excluded from
316:
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351:
296:
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208:
204:
458:
The Victorian Government's wording for recognised traditional owners:
336:
200:
25:
1957:"The story behind the Gadigal poetry on Midnight Oil's latest track"
1177:"A historic first: traditional Indigenous welcome begins Parliament"
894:
849:
545:
363:
41:
1688:"C2004-39 Recognising Aboriginal Cultural Protocols and Practices"
923:"Perth International Arts Festival gives welcome to west country"
752:
428:
367:
251:
1291:"Happy New Year! First Nations honoured with Welcome to Country"
122:
480:
432:
292:
37:
1233:"Welcome to Country and Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners"
350:
Since 2008, when it was made on the day before Prime Minister
1868:"My Maiden Speech as Your Senator for The Northern Territory"
1474:
Text was copied from this source, which is available under a
1470:
1258:
Text was copied from this source, which is available under a
1254:
1081:
Text was copied from this source, which is available under a
1077:
579:
ruled that acknowledgements of country were inappropriate at
506:
541:
supports Welcome to Country and Acknowledgement of Country.
436:
128:
1690:. NSW Department of Premier and Cabinet. 1 November 2004.
745:
Indigenous Health and Wellbeing: The Importance of Country
603:
remain a topic of debate). The song urges reconciliation.
1179:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 12 February 2008.
325:
Wilin Centre for Indigenous Arts and Cultural Development
127:
In Aboriginal culture prior to European settlement, each
1369:"Harbour city to shine beneath New Year's Eve fireworks"
623:
The original Australians: story of the Aboriginal people
1749:"Welcomes to country are being foisted on us in error"
387:
Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and
1342:"Partygoers praised after peaceful NYE celebrations"
1714:"Welcome to Country and Acknowledgement of Country"
1420:"The stage is set for the best New Year's Eve ever"
479:'s wording is (specifically tailored for the local
391:of land" and shows respect for traditional owners.
1747:
751:. Native Title Research Report Report No. 1/2009.
920:
421:Sydney, Australia's New Year's Eve fireworks show
170:
1983:
815:. Government of South Australia. 28 March 2019.
618:
28:elder Isobel Reid giving the Welcome to Country
1111:
1109:
1633:. Friends Committee on National Legislation.
956:"40 years of the 'modern' Welcome to Country"
491:and pays respect to Elders past and present.
443:
123:Aboriginal history and relationship with land
1742:
1443:
1441:
1050:
1048:
1046:
741:
1778:"Welcome to country ceremony 'lacks heart'"
1594:
1511:Australian Centre for International Justice
1106:
984:"Welcome to country ceremony 'lacks heart'"
875:
595:released a single in August 2020 entitled "
528:
242:developed a ceremony to welcome a group of
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975:
503:always was, always will be Aboriginal land
203:", were challenged by Indigenous activist
1476:Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
1438:
1260:Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
1083:Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
1043:
1008:
953:
893:
356:Apology to Australia's Indigenous peoples
250:. The welcome, extended on behalf of the
114:, occurring after each federal election.
1203:"Welcome and Acknowledgement of Country"
1117:"Welcome and Acknowledgement of Country"
1062:. Victoria Government. 27 October 2019.
876:Scantlebury, Alethea (13 October 2014).
838:
836:
834:
313:native title was recognised in Australia
20:
1954:
1736:
1449:"Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners"
1139:
803:
801:
799:
797:
687:Aboriginal Australian Art & Culture
1984:
1838:"Why senator sympathises with Pauline"
1808:
1775:
1655:
1629:Evans, Hannah Graf (15 October 2015).
1600:
1565:
1559:
1366:
1014:
981:
921:Westwood, Matthew (15 February 2016).
842:
246:artists who were participating in the
1927:Noack, Georgina (16 September 2023).
1926:
1790:from the original on 31 December 2019
1628:
1603:"Canada's Impossible Acknowledgement"
1547:from the original on 11 February 2023
1517:from the original on 11 February 2023
1459:from the original on 12 November 2020
1314:
1195:
996:from the original on 18 December 2012
857:from the original on 13 December 2020
843:Bolger, Rosemary (12 November 2020).
831:
705:
645:
586:
403:
370:country, a Ngambri elder officiates.
305:, in which the historical fiction of
289:Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation
101:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
1967:from the original on 19 October 2020
1637:from the original on 15 January 2018
1601:Marche, Stephen (7 September 2017).
1582:from the original on 17 January 2018
1243:from the original on 1 November 2020
794:
742:Ganesharajah, Cynthia (April 2009).
1878:from the original on 29 August 2022
1848:from the original on 29 August 2022
1360:
1334:
1213:from the original on 22 August 2020
1183:from the original on 21 August 2018
1031:from the original on 3 January 2021
1025:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
954:Penberthy, Natsumi (3 March 2016).
772:from the original on 19 August 2020
693:from the original on 12 August 2020
467:And for unknown traditional owners:
13:
1955:Hocking, Rachael (7 August 2020).
1776:Taylor, Andrew (14 October 2012).
1694:from the original on 2 August 2018
1308:
1157:from the original on 5 August 2020
1127:from the original on 1 August 2020
1066:from the original on 14 March 2020
982:Taylor, Andrew (15 October 2012).
902:from the original on 20 April 2020
819:from the original on 19 April 2023
663:from the original on 3 August 2020
512:
199:festival, considered Australia's "
175:Welcomes to Country are a form of
135:has been legally recognised under
14:
2013:
1908:from the original on 25 June 2023
1809:Hevesi, Bryant (11 August 2023).
1724:from the original on 25 June 2023
1668:from the original on 8 April 2023
1576:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
1367:Gorrey, Megan (9 December 2021).
1315:Dumas, Daisy (31 December 2015).
935:from the original on 6 April 2023
287:movement and the creation of the
248:Perth International Arts Festival
1469:
1253:
1076:
577:Presbyterian Church of Australia
440:Aboriginal artist or musicians.
107:with Australia's First Nations.
1948:
1920:
1890:
1860:
1830:
1802:
1769:
1706:
1680:
1649:
1631:"We Begin with Acknowledgement"
1622:
1529:
1499:
1412:
1386:
1283:
1169:
947:
517:Similar acknowledgements, e.g.
373:
1992:Indigenous Australian politics
1656:Watson, Joey (18 March 2020).
1566:Shazad, Ramna (15 July 2017).
1015:Watson, Joey (18 March 2020).
914:
869:
755:. Native Title Research Unit.
735:
719:. 22 July 2020. Archived from
675:
612:
556:(as Opposition Leader, 2012);
394:
171:Evolution of the two greetings
16:Ritual of land acknowledgement
1:
1997:Indigenous Australian culture
813:Attorney-General's Department
606:
525:groups in the United States.
323:man Tiriki Onus, head of the
1537:"Acknowledgement of Country"
1507:"Acknowledgement of Country"
193:Australian Union of Students
7:
627:. Allen and Unwin. p.
10:
2020:
447:
444:Acknowledgement of Country
117:
66:Acknowledgement of Country
1783:The Sydney Morning Herald
1373:The Sydney Morning Herald
1321:The Sydney Morning Herald
989:The Sydney Morning Herald
619:Flood, Josephine (2006).
560:(as Opposition Leader);
384:colonisation of Australia
137:native title in Australia
653:"The importance of land"
529:Observance and criticism
366:, traditionally part of
68:may be offered instead.
2002:Ceremonies in Australia
1492:25 January 2021 at the
1481:16 October 2020 at the
1276:25 January 2021 at the
1265:16 October 2020 at the
1099:25 January 2021 at the
1088:16 October 2020 at the
713:"Connection to Country"
360:Parliament of Australia
329:University of Melbourne
189:Nimbin, New South Wales
112:Parliament of Australia
499:
473:
465:
389:Traditional Custodians
270:
221:Indigenous Australians
29:
961:Australian Geographic
519:land acknowledgements
485:
469:
460:
257:
197:alternative lifestyle
149:Connection to country
142:Native Title Act 1993
133:Traditional ownership
24:
1718:Victorian Government
1543:. 22 December 2022.
1147:"Welcome to Country"
1056:"Welcome to Country"
809:"Welcome to Country"
657:Australians Together
601:origins in Australia
591:The Australian band
539:Victorian Government
450:Land acknowledgement
427:as territory of the
410:Victorian Government
299:as chair. After the
46:land acknowledgement
1842:The West Australian
1746:(1 December 2012).
1744:Windschuttle, Keith
1513:. 24 January 2023.
1455:. 10 October 2019.
1453:Aboriginal Victoria
1239:. 10 October 2019.
1237:Aboriginal Victoria
1060:Aboriginal Victoria
659:. 21 January 2020.
311:was overturned and
272:Arts administrator
177:Aboriginal ceremony
1816:Sky News Australia
1662:ABC News Australia
1426:. 30 November 2022
1400:. 30 December 2022
788:4 May 2020 at the
587:In popular culture
550:Keith Windschuttle
404:Welcome to Country
380:Australian history
283:of the 1990s, the
281:Keating government
217:Whitlam government
58:smoking ceremonies
34:Welcome to Country
30:
1207:Reconciliation SA
1123:. 29 April 2020.
431:, Gamaragal, and
231:men of the area.
185:Aquarius Festival
93:kin relationships
62:traditional owner
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573:General Assembly
552:and politicians
477:City of Adelaide
415:smoking ceremony
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157:creation spirits
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