3941:
281:
1298:) and the territory of Brunswick. These dukes joined Göttingen and surrounding towns in battles against aristocratic knights in the surroundings of Göttingen, in the course of which the citizens of Göttingen succeeded in destroying the fortress of Grone between 1323 and 1329, as well as the fortress of Rosdorf. Since Otto the Mild died without leaving any children, his brothers Magnus and Ernest divided the land between themselves. Ernest I received Göttingen, the poorest of all the Welf principalities, which was to remain separate from Brunswick for a long time to come. At this time, the territory consisted of the regions formerly owned by Northeim, the towns of Göttingen, Uslar, Dransfeld, Münden, Gieselwerder and half of Moringen. Not much is known about the rule of Duke Ernest I, but it is generally assumed that he continued to fight against aristocratic knights.
287:
1310:
After losing control of the provincial court at the
Leineberg to Göttingen in 1375, Otto finally tried to impose his influence on Göttingen in 1387, but with little success. In April 1387, Göttingen's citizens stormed and destroyed the fortress within the city's walls. In retaliation, Otto destroyed villages and farms in the town's surroundings. However, Göttingen's citizens gained a victory over the Duke's army in a battle between the villages of Rosdorf and Grone, under their leader Moritz of Uslar, forcing Otto to acknowledge the independence of the town and its surrounding properties. 1387 thus marks an important turning point in the history of the town. Göttingen's relative autonomy was further strengthened under Otto's successor Otto II "the One-eyed" of Göttingen (
288:
252:
284:
3665:
894:
285:
240:
1451:
3383:
1058:, is given as the lord over Göttingen between 1201 and 1208. The original Welf residency in the town consisted of a farm building and the stables of the Welf dukes, which occupied the oldest part of the city's fortifications built prior to 1250. In its early days, Göttingen became involved in the conflicts of the Welfs with their enemies. The initial conflicts in the first decades of the 13th century benefited the burghers of Göttingen, who were able to use the political and military situation to be courted by various parties, thus forcing the Welf town lords to make certain compromises with the town. In a document from 1232, Duke
4292:
236:
3204:
282:
191:
747:
3177:
279:
1334:
5291:
685:
1526:
339:
249:
307:
6115:
248:
3645:
3372:
3089:
3556:
2778:
4217:
1557:
216:
258:
271:
3655:
251:
206:
1750:
4235:
4199:
3164:
270:
4310:
1149:
1070:
268:
5301:
1342:
886:
2921:
2681:
50:
3128:
250:
3102:
3115:
2827:. In 1746, Catholic services in Göttingen were resumed, at first only for the students of the new university, but a year later for all citizens who wished to attend. However, it was not until 1787 that the first Catholic church since the Reformation, St. Michael's, was built. In 1929 a second Catholic church, St. Paul's, was erected. Today, the major religions are Lutheran and Catholicism. In addition, there has been a
3194:
3151:
906:
239:
1360:). After completion of the work on St John's Church, the rebuilding of St James's Church was begun in the second half of the 14th century. The original, smaller church that preceded this building was probably initiated by Henry the Lion or his successor, and functioned as a fortress chapel to the city fortress that lay immediately behind it. The representative old town hall was built between 1366 and 1444.
1192:) west of the original town, across the Leine Canal and outside of the Groner City Gate. This competing settlement consisted of a single street, no more than 73 metres (80 yd) long, with houses on either side of the street. The Duke, however, could not prevent Göttingen's westward expansion nor the success of the Göttingen City Council in effectively checking any hope of economic development in the
346:
314:
3058:
1427:, to the first meeting of which it was invited in 1351. Göttingen's relationship with the Hanseatic League remained distant, however. As an inland town, Göttingen enjoyed the economic connections of the League, but it did not want to get involved in the politics of the alliance. Göttingen only became a paying member in 1426, and left as early as 1572.
1408:. From 1475, textile production was augmented by the addition of new weavers who brought novel weaving techniques to Göttingen and consolidated the position of the town as a textile exporter for three generations. Only at the end of the 16th century did the decline of the local textile industry occur when Göttingen could not compete anymore with cheap
3025:
rights. In the bottom field is a golden lion on a red field. This lion represents the lion of the Welf dynasty, which in its various branches ruled the area of Göttingen for 850 years. This coat of arms was first documented in 1278. The city has sometimes used a simpler one, consisting of a black capital "G" on a golden field, topped with a crown.
280:
253:
247:
257:
1309:
came from Otto I's incessant feuds. Breaking with the policies of his predecessors, he frequently aligned himself with the aristocratic knights of the neighbourhood in battles against the cities, whose growing power disturbed him. Under Otto the Evil, Göttingen gained a large degree of independence.
1002:
With time, a trading settlement started to form at the river crossing of the Leine to the west of the village, from which it took its name. It is this settlement that was eventually given city rights. The original village remained recognisable as a separate entity until about 1360, at which time it
1517:
was established. During the Austro-Prussian War (1866), the
Kingdom of Hanover had attempted to maintain a neutral position. After Hanover voted in favor of mobilizing confederation troops against Prussia on 14 June 1866, Prussia saw this as a just cause for declaring war. In 1868, the Kingdom of
274:
3024:
of Göttingen shows in the top half three silver towers with red roofs on a field of blue. The lateral towers possess four windows each and are crowned by golden crosses. Around the central tower are four silver balls. The city towers represent the status as a city which has been granted certain
1612:
There was considerable support in the population of Göttingen for Hitler and Nazism from the start of the
National Socialist era. As early as 1933 the Theaterplatz (Theater Square) was renamed Adolf-Hitlerplatz, and by the end of World War II 70 streets had been renamed in reference to the Nazi
993:
The fortress then lost its function as a palace in 1025, after Henry II died there, having retreated to it in ill health. It was subsequently used by the lords of Grone. The fortress was destroyed by the citizens of Göttingen between 1323 and 1329, and finally razed to the ground by Duke Otto I
242:
269:
1321:
After Duke Otto I of Göttingen relinquished his jurisdiction over Jews to the town of Göttingen in the years 1369–70, conditions for Jews greatly deteriorated, and several bloody persecutions and evictions from the town followed. Between 1460 and 1599, no Jews lived in Göttingen at all.
1683:, were heavily damaged. The Institute of Anatomy and 57 residential buildings, especially in Untere Masch Street in the centre of the city, were completely destroyed. Overall, only about 107 deaths were caused by the air raids, a comparatively small number. However, the neighbouring
840:, the inner city of Göttingen is now an attractive place to live with many shops, cafes and bars. For this reason, many university students live in the inner city and give Göttingen a youthful feel. In 2003, 45% of the inner city population was only between 18 and 30 years of age.
1447:, declare the town of Göttingen outlawed. The subsequent tensions economically weakened Göttingen, leading to the town finally paying its homage to Eric I in 1512. Afterward the relationship between Eric and the town improved, because of Eric's financial dependence on Göttingen.
246:
1164:
inherited their father's territories. Duke
Albrecht I governed for his brother, a minor, at first. Subsequently, the brothers agreed to divide the territory between themselves in 1267, effective 1269. The city of Göttingen went to Albert I, and was inherited by his son Duke
267:
1269:
settled in Göttingen in the late 13th century. On 1 March 1289, the Duke gave the City
Council permission to allow the first Jew, Moses, to settle inside the town limits. The subsequent Jewish population lived predominantly close to St. James's Church on the
260:
276:
256:
244:
2644:
The city's population has increased since the Middle Ages. With the arrival of the early modern period, the growth rate greatly accelerated. The population peaked at 132,100 in 1985. In 2004, it stood at 129,466, of which around 24,000 were students.
1066:. These included privileges concerning self-governance of the town, protection of traders, and facilitating trade. At this time Göttingen possessed a city council of burghers. The names of council members are first given in a document from 1247.
264:
1399:
weavers, the guild of wool weavers gained in importance. The wool for the weaving originated in the immediate surroundings of the town, where up to 3000 sheep and 1500 lambs were kept. Woollen cloth was successfully exported all the way to the
2666:
Like most German cities, the town is bicycle-friendly, with bicycle paths throughout the commercial areas (except for in pedestrian-only shopping areas) and beyond. The time to pedal downtown from the outskirts is fifteen to twenty minutes.
1458:
In 1584 the city came into the possession of the dukes of
Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, also of the Welf dynasty, and in 1635 it passed to the house of Lüneburg, which ruled it thenceforth. In 1692 it was named as part of the indivisible territory
245:
289:
1325:
The trend towards ever diminishing Welf influence over the town continued until the end of the 15th century, although the town officially remains a Welf property. Nevertheless, it is counted in some contemporaneous documents among the
4392:
1371:. In the course of this construction work, the four city gates were moved farther out, and the town's area grew to roughly 75 hectares (190 acres). The city council forged alliances with surrounding towns, and Göttingen joined the
1386:
was the growing economic strength of the town. This depended largely on its good connections with the north–south trade route, particularly the north–south trade route that followed the Leine Valley, which greatly aided the local
278:
262:
243:
283:
263:
265:
277:
2906:
or leave the church. This trend is especially noticeable since the 1990s, percentagewise between 1990 and 2014 the
Protestants in Göttingen dropped from 56.2 to 40.6% and the Catholics dropped from 17.1 to 15.6%.
3005:. In the following decades there were more reforms to the city administration, which reflected the constitutional and territorial reorganisations of Germany. During the Third Reich the mayor was appointed by the
254:
686:
266:
2993:(mayor). In 1669 the number of councillors was reduced to 16, and later to 12. In 1690 the city administration was reorganised again. Then the council consisted of the judge, two mayors, the city lawyer (
1318:), not least because the Welf line of Brunswick-Göttingen died out with Otto II, and the resulting questions surrounding his succession after his abdication in 1435 destabilized the regional aristocracy.
1113:
The town was initially protected by a rampart, as of the late 13th century, then also by walls on top of the mound-like ramparts. Of these, only one tower with a short stretch of the wall survives in the
261:
259:
4868:
4481:
3940:
2989:(29 September). Starting in 1611 all citizens were able to elect the 24 councillors. Previously this right was restricted and depended on income and profession. Afterwards, the council elected the
1660:, Göttingen suffered comparatively little damage. Only about 2.1% of the city was destroyed. Beginning in July 1944, the air raids were sometimes heavier, but these mainly hit the area of the main
1349:
The 14th and 15th centuries thus represent a time of political and economic power expansion, which is also reflected in the contemporary architecture. The expansion of the St. Johannis Church to a
4434:
107.1 MHz and covers all parts of the city and some surrounding towns and villages. Its hourly news bulletins are the population's main source of local news. Additionally, the radio stations
1234:
monastery was built as early as 1268, according to the city chronicler
Franciscus Lubecus. Since the Franciscans walked barefoot as part of their vow of poverty, they were known colloquially as
821:
Like other university towns, Göttingen has developed its own quaint traditions. On the day they are awarded their doctorate degrees, students are drawn in handcarts from the Great Hall to the
5893:
4165:
4697:
4940:
255:
4262:
273:
1581:
suffered greatly as a result. The Göttingen eight were expelled, and these men were forced to emigrate to the West in 1938. Szilárd and Teller went on to become key members of the
766:), which was founded in 1734 (first classes in 1737) and became the most visited university of Europe. In 1837, seven professors protested against the absolute sovereignty of the
4843:
1569:
During the 1930s, Göttingen housed the top math-physics faculty in the world, led by eight men, almost all Jews, who became known as the Göttingen eight. Their members included
1118:(tower street). This protected area included maximally 600 by 600 metres (2,000 by 2,000 ft), or about 25 hectares (62 acres). This made it smaller than contemporary
275:
5886:
241:
5324:
286:
4387:
4382:
4170:
1613:
regime or military topics. The absorption of Nazi culture into the everyday life of the citizens of Göttingen has been documented by historian David Imhoof. The
272:
3012:
In 1946 the authorities of the
British Occupation Zone, to which Göttingen then belonged, introduced a communal constitution which reflected the British model.
4876:
1710:
arrived in Göttingen on 8 April 1945, all of the
Wehrmacht's combat units had departed from this area, hence Göttingen experienced no heavy ground fighting,
1423:. Göttingen's market became important beyond the region. Traders from other regions would come in great numbers four times a year. Göttingen also joined the
5309:
4449:
has editorial offices in Göttingen. Its local news service is available for free on the internet and competes directly with the "Stadtradio" news service:
5879:
1671:, a historic half-timbered house, was destroyed in a 1945 air-raid and the exterior was not properly reconstructed until the 1980s. Two of the churches (
4417:
Cheltenhampark, a park next to the historic city wall of Göttingen. The park is named after one of Göttingen's twin cities and is located next to the
1110:
village). This village was only to a limited extent under Welfish control and thus could not be included in the town's privileges and fortifications.
373:
3001:, and there was also a city council. In 1831 there was another reform of the constitution and the administration. The title of the mayor changed to
2653:
The Göttingen bus system is run by the GöVB (Göttinger Verkehrsbetriebe). Buses run throughout the city and to the neighboring villages, as well as
3073:
2836:
1806:
created a considerable popular impetus towards post-war Franco-German reconciliation. A street in the city – Barbarastraße – is named after her.
4102:
5339:
4334:
has permanent and temporary exhibitions of historical and artistic materials, although most of the building is currently closed for renovation.
4175:
4160:
4155:
1169:"the Fat" in 1286. Albert II chose Göttingen as his residence and moved into the Welf residency, which he rebuilt into a fortress known as the
4693:
4118:
4936:
735:
first mentioned in a document in 953 AD. The city was founded northwest of this village, between 1150 and 1200 AD, and adopted its name. In
4352:
2852:
on 9 November 1938, as were many others throughout Germany. The Jewish community was persecuted, and many of its members were murdered in
1283:
1251:
5376:
3976:
945:. Archaeological findings point to extensive commercial relations with other regions and a developed craftsmanship in this early period.
190:
5344:
5238:
5216:
5194:
5172:
5150:
5124:
5102:
5080:
5058:
5036:
4670:
2856:. In recent years, the Jewish community has again been flourishing, with the immigration of Jewish people from the states of the former
4836:
4542:
4736:
2997:), the secretary and eight councillors. All of these were appointed by the government. During the Napoleonic era the mayor was called
1789:
1550:
1082:
The area secured by the initial fortification included the old market place, the old town hall, the two main churches, St. Johannes (
1006:
It is likely the present city was founded between 1150 and 1180, although the exact circumstances are not known. It is presumed that
855:
which specialises in bio-technology and measurement equipment—the region around Göttingen advertises itself as "Measurement Valley".
6152:
4682:
Imhoof, David (2013). Becoming a Nazi Town: Culture and Politics in Göttingen between the World Wars. University of Michigan Press.
4341:
includes an internationally significant South Seas exhibition (Cook/Forster collection) and mostly 19th-century materials from the
1435:
After several dynastic splits and shifts in power that followed the death of Otto the One-Eyed, Duke Eric I "the Elder", Prince of
4897:
4526:
4508:
1166:
1022:, and it has been proposed that the inception of the town followed a planned design. At this time, the town was known by the name
6157:
5860:
5385:
3996:
833:). This practice is actually forbidden, but the law is not enforced. The statue is considered the most kissed girl in the world.
181:
4446:
1157:
2810:
1161:
974:, with 18 visits of kings and emperors documented between 941 and 1025 AD. The last Holy Roman emperor to use the fortress of
3632:
2895:
2745:
1062:
restored to the citizens of Göttingen the rights that they had held at the time of his uncles Otto IV and Henry the Elder of
114:
5210:
4968:
4913:
2981:
A town council with 24 councillors dates from the 12th century. In 1319 this council took control of the new city district (
1593:'s breakthrough insights to physics, a policy which stifled the further development of physics in Germany. After the end of
1059:
3748:
2717:
1258:
1051:
86:
5257:
4813:
3543:
1733:
from 1948 to 1961. In a reform in 1973 the district of Göttingen was enlarged by incorporating the dissolved districts of
934:
evidence points towards a settlement as early as the 7th century. It is first historically mentioned in a document by the
922:
to the immediate south-east of the present city. The name of the village probably derives from a small stream, called the
17:
5845:
1356:
began in the first half of the 14th century. As of 1330, a Gothic structure also replaced the smaller St Nikolai Church (
1305:) (d. 1394), who initially lived in the city's fortress and attempted to make it a permanent Welf residency. The epithet
843:
Commercially, Göttingen is noted for its production of optical and precision-engineered machinery, being the seat of the
338:
1510:
1491:
1464:
1242:(Barefoot People's Street) for the road that led to the monastery. In 1294, Albert the Fat permitted the founding of a
470:
2724:
93:
5850:
3473:
2968:
2764:
2416:
1180:
Albert II attempted to gain further control over the economically and politically rapidly growing town by founding a
874:
570:
133:
4643:
Emigration of Mathematicians and Transmission of Mathematics: Historical Lessons and Consequences of the Third Reich
2950:
4430:
The local radio station Stadtradio Göttingen which is funded indirectly by the state of Lower Saxony broadcasts on
3394:
3347:
2868:
congregations. Islam gained a foothold in Göttingen, as it did in other German cities, with the immigration of the
1444:
306:
6147:
1513:
in 1813 after Napoleon's defeat. In 1814 the prince-electors of Hanover were elevated to kings of Hanover and the
6137:
5855:
5369:
4523:"LSN-Online Regionaldatenbank, Tabelle A100001G: Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes, Stand 31. Dezember 2022"
4469:
3501:
5096:
4501:
2731:
100:
5314:
3733:
3709:
3119:
2946:
2702:
1809:
Because of the city's long association with academics and scholarly journals, Göttingen has acquired the motto
71:
5074:
4355:
in the Historical University Library building has various temporary exhibitions, usually of a historic nature.
1226:
were also founded on the edge of the town at the end of the 13th century. To the east, in the area of today's
5697:
4653:
4338:
5118:
5003:
2942:
2698:
1487:
67:
38:
5677:
3491:
2790:
2713:
1770:
1038:
are mentioned then, indicating that Göttingen was already organised as a true city. It was not, however, a
979:
550:
82:
5232:
4410:
4137:
1781:
period. Their impact was essential on romanticism in the German-speaking area and on folklore in general.
1287:
893:
825:-Fountain in front of the Old Town Hall. There they have to climb the fountain and kiss the statue of the
5052:
4649:, Joachim Schwermer, & Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze. (30 October – 5 November 2011). Retrievable from:
3675:
3648:
3330:
1538:
1055:
4621:
4348:
The Old City Hall (Altes Rathaus) has temporary art shows of local, regional, and international artists.
1796:
5362:
4669:
Tamke G. & Driever R. (2012). Göttinger Straßennamen (Veröffentlichung des Stadtarchivs Göttingen (
3904:
3807:
3715:
3287:
3238:
1475:
1219:, and obtained a promise from the Duke that he would not erect any fortress within a mile of the town.
938:
580:
215:
5329:
5166:
4627:
4093:
2818:
1578:
1471:
763:
6079:
5969:
5188:
5144:
4671:
http://www.stadtarchiv.goettingen.de/strassennamen/tamke-driever%20goettinger%20strassennamen_01.pdf2
3836:
3764:
3343:
3298:
1702:
Because the city had many hospitals, those hospitals had to take care of up to four thousand wounded
1440:
1436:
1015:
6114:
4291:
2842:
There is a documented Jewish community dating back to the 16th century. During the Third Reich, the
5871:
5209:
5030:
4115:
3664:
3622:
3602:
3592:
3324:
3256:
3250:
3226:
2931:
2883:
in the 1960s and 1970s. They constitute the majority of Muslims in Göttingen. Other Muslims are of
2853:
1706:
soldiers and airmen during World War II. Göttingen was also fortunate in that before troops of the
1479:
1450:
1018:, founded it. The configuration of the streets in the oldest part of the town is in the shape of a
791:
679:
3382:
5974:
4562:
4111:
4039:
3846:
3588:
2935:
2691:
1837:
1301:
Ernest I was succeeded after his death in 1367 by his son Otto I of Göttingen (the Evil; German:
1215:, the city council bought up the uncomfortable competition to the west in 1319 for three hundred
990:. The current church building that occupies this site, the St. Albani Church, was built in 1423.
558:
60:
5903:
1761:, a group of German poets that had studied at this university between 1772 and 1776, formed the
716:
432:
5984:
5939:
3864:
3700:
3612:
3582:
3512:
3485:
2798:
2786:
1785:
4465:
941:
in 953 AD, in which he gives some of his belongings in the village to the Moritz monastery in
746:
205:
6069:
4180:
3855:
3418:
2663:
lies west of the medieval town center and provides links to several destinations in Germany.
2654:
1530:
1506:
529:
6142:
4576:
4539:
4069:
4035:
3878:
3797:
3479:
2738:
1792:
is held each summer with performances in the Stadthalle Göttingen and a number of churches.
1762:
1738:
1443:. The town refused to pay homage to Eric I in 1504, and as a result, Eric I had the Emperor
1102:
city gate lay the old village with the Church of St. Alban, which was subsequently known as
107:
5536:
4732:
4369:
4031:
3985:
3727:
3690:
3658:
3440:
3334:
3203:
3042:
1784:
Since the 1920s, the town has been associated with the revival of interest in the music of
1498:
1145:
via a channel at about this time and the waterway has since been known as the Leine Canal.
807:
787:
539:
427:
4089:
Göttingen is officially a 'University town' and is known particularly for its University.
2660:
1870:
1726:
1542:
859:
8:
3966:
3873:
3816:
3681:
3038:
1664:
last on 7 April 1945. The historic old town of Göttingen remained practically undamaged.
1627:
1519:
1350:
963:, historically documented from the year 915 AD as a newly built fortress, lying opposite
712:
692:
169:
3721:
3628:
3412:
1333:
799:
5095:
4954:
4045:
4002:
3972:
3891:
3860:
3768:
3220:
1514:
1502:
1327:
1039:
935:
771:
5596:
4393:
Forstbotanischer Garten und Pflanzengeographisches Arboretum der Universität Göttingen
2985:) just in front of the wall. The council election took place on the Mondays following
1795:
The city is home to several ensembles such as the Göttinger Sinfonie Orchester or the
1525:
806:
held his first professorship here. Some of the most famous mathematicians in history,
775:
5747:
5632:
5290:
5073:
4606:
3851:
3812:
3777:
3742:
3320:
2879:
2369:
2321:
1653:
1597:, the famous university had to be reorganised almost from scratch, especially in the
1582:
1546:
1420:
1054:(V) of Brunswick, eldest son of Henry the Lion and brother of the Holy Roman Emperor
795:
415:
6009:
4522:
3506:
3386:
2805:
monastery church. For many centuries, nearly all of the population of the city were
6094:
6039:
6004:
5752:
5117:
4400:
4376:
4008:
3887:
3704:
3283:
1803:
1570:
1424:
1372:
1205:
968:
858:
Unemployment in Göttingen was 12.6% in 2003 and is now 7% (March 2014). The city's
844:
811:
767:
740:
654:
648:
613:
5354:
4551:
3644:
3451:
6104:
5999:
5231:
4975:
4909:
4657:
4581:
4546:
4431:
4372:
and the German Association of International Gardens (Internationale Gärten e.V.).
4146:
4141:
4122:
3918:
3831:
3827:
3497:
3463:
3445:
3292:
3266:
2899:
2802:
1841:
1778:
1661:
1590:
1586:
1311:
1291:
1243:
1185:
1043:
1011:
520:
6059:
5994:
5051:
4073:
3518:
3371:
2864:
could be celebrated in the new Jewish community centre. Finally, there are many
1131:
866:
6024:
5979:
5924:
5777:
5253:
4805:
4646:
4418:
3981:
3909:
3842:
3821:
3696:
3469:
3406:
3353:
3310:
3262:
3244:
3232:
3207:
3197:
3181:
3088:
2638:
Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. source:
1642:
1460:
1007:
959:
783:
779:
5797:
1439:, annexed the principality of Göttingen, which became an integral part of the
1379:(currently Grone) and several other surrounding villages in the Leine Valley.
1363:
Around 1360, the town's fortifications were rebuilt to encompass now also the
751:
6131:
6099:
5546:
5541:
5139:
4873:
World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
4345:
polar region (Baron von Asch collection) as well as major displays on Africa.
4275:
4077:
4014:
3956:
3944:
3803:
3782:
3773:
3754:
3737:
3668:
3618:
3430:
3400:
3375:
3359:
3168:
2848:
2823:
2794:
2777:
2153:
1650:
1619:
1574:
1031:
815:
388:
375:
5964:
5445:
5187:
5143:
4216:
3307:(1911–1976), a leading agricultural politician in the early years of the GDR
3274:(1887–1965), political activist and state chairwoman of the AWO in Thuringia
1874:
1556:
5727:
5516:
3960:
3792:
3758:
3548:
3424:
3277:
3021:
2873:
2857:
2814:
1863:
1857:
1730:
1692:
1657:
1594:
1216:
1063:
852:
837:
704:
700:
420:
5757:
5667:
5029:
4620:
3654:
3448:(1925–2000), musicologist, dance historian and teacher of historical dance
31:
6049:
6044:
5642:
3928:
3869:
3788:
3555:
3539:
3457:
3304:
3271:
3079:
2884:
2806:
1758:
1749:
1714:
1624:
1602:
1415:
Göttingen's traders also profited from the important trade route between
1401:
1383:
1353:
1266:
1142:
1035:
987:
971:
931:
862:
to the west of the city centre is on Germany's main north–south railway.
736:
720:
5832:
5165:
4783:
4234:
4198:
3800:(1861–1937), psychoanalyst, well-travelled author, narrator and essayist
3301:(1907–1980), engineer, designed advanced swept wing jet-powered aircraft
6089:
5959:
5934:
5929:
5802:
5792:
5782:
5722:
5707:
5702:
5687:
5601:
4442:
provide specific local newscasts on their affiliate local frequencies.
3896:
3578:
3559:
3522:
3132:
3093:
3062:
3006:
2986:
2891:
1734:
1680:
1631:
1231:
1141:
stream that flowed south of the walls of the town was connected to the
1127:
1094:), as well as the large Weender Straße, Groner Straße and Rote Straße (
848:
803:
546:
525:
461:
5737:
5591:
4453:
4309:
3975:(born 1973), a former women's basketball player, played 106 times for
1852:
The following communities were incorporated in the city of Göttingen:
1148:
1069:
6074:
6034:
5954:
5919:
5914:
5827:
5787:
5767:
5762:
5692:
5647:
5616:
5611:
5576:
5551:
5501:
5475:
5470:
5455:
4645:, Report No. 51/2011; organized by June Barrow-Green, Milton-Keynes,
4502:"Stichwahlen zu Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 26. September 2021"
4439:
4396:
3990:
3984:(born 1976) a field hockey midfielder and team gold medallist at the
3952:
3900:
3598:
3532:
3527:
3436:
3403:(1764–1829), author, one of a group of five academically active women
3338:
3163:
3155:
2843:
2832:
1802:
In the mid-1960s, the song named after the city by the French singer
1711:
1707:
1703:
1614:
1606:
1223:
942:
930:
denoted "living by", the name can be understood as "along the Gote".
6014:
5949:
5901:
5571:
4955:"The 5 mosques and prayer times in Göttingen (37073) – Local Masjid"
4458:
4359:
The university has a number of significant museums and collections.
4166:
Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity
2920:
2680:
1416:
1405:
1341:
1204:
which, together with all adjoining farm buildings, was given to the
885:
622:
49:
6029:
5944:
5812:
5652:
5586:
5526:
5521:
5496:
5435:
4331:
4150:
3931:(born 1980), astronomer working on the oldest stars in the universe
3882:
3608:
3057:
3034:
1878:
1635:
1123:
1019:
5657:
5300:
4650:
3295:(1903–1958), a Russian Eastern Orthodox theologian exiled in Paris
3106:
3066:
2887:
origin or come from West Asia. There are two mosques in the city.
1609:
departments, a process which has continued into the 21st century.
1382:
The reason for the progressive increase in importance in the late
967:
on a hill west of the River Leine. It was subsequently used as an
6064:
6054:
6019:
5772:
5717:
5637:
5606:
5566:
5465:
5460:
5440:
5409:
5404:
4875:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from
4869:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020"
3685:
3193:
3127:
2903:
2861:
2828:
2657:
from the station Göttingen ZOB, adjacent to the railway station.
1833:
1688:
1598:
1483:
1454:
Woodcut showing the town in the year 1585 as viewed from the west
1409:
1388:
1119:
723:
runs through it. At the end of 2019, the population was 118,911.
708:
408:
4268:
4116:
http://www.dlr.de/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-343/470_read-664/
4097:
3824:(1875–1953), fluid dynamicist, physicist and aerospace scientist
3466:(1950–2017), an art historian, focused on historical photography
1577:. This faculty was not tolerable to the Reich, however, and the
1518:
Hanover was dissolved and Göttingen became part of the Prussian
905:
5807:
5556:
5531:
5506:
5491:
5430:
5414:
5399:
4556:
4342:
3913:
3409:(1805–1891), art historian and oil painter with Biblical themes
3314:
3114:
3101:
3046:
2869:
1774:
1696:
1684:
1646:
918:
The origins of Göttingen can be traced back to a village named
5254:"The collections, museums and gardens of Göttingen University"
4134:
4106:
3767:(1814–1865), anatomist, physiologist and biologist, developed
3415:(1861–1940), composer who set the works of many poets to music
3356:(1965–1989), antifascist activist, killed during a police raid
778:". Its alumni include some well-known historical figures: the
6084:
5817:
5742:
5732:
5682:
5672:
5581:
5450:
5284:
4482:
Hannover–Braunschweig–Göttingen–Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region
4435:
3176:
3150:
2865:
2785:
After the Middle Ages, the area of Göttingen was part of the
1505:
in 1806, turned over in 1807 to the newly created Napoleonic
1396:
1392:
4758:
3830:(1880–1959), physicist, worked on electricity, invented the
2797:
became more and more popular in the city. In 1529 the first
594:
5712:
5561:
5511:
3712:(1790-1860), manufacturer of brass and woodwind instruments
3482:(born 1956), singer, musician, producer, composer and actor
663:
634:
631:
3912:(born 1950), printer and publisher, founded the publisher
3500:(born 1965), contemporary artist and metalsmith, works at
1695:
experienced a much greater impact from the bombing raids.
1529:
Market Place and Weender Strasse at Göttingen. Drawing by
1430:
1282:
After Albert the Fat's death in 1318, Göttingen passed to
5822:
4062:
an indoor swimming complex and a number of outdoor pools.
3922:
3881:
CBE FRS (1911–1976), aerodynamicist, worked in the UK on
3421:(1886–1965), violinist, conductor and university lecturer
3362:(1977–1998), unsolved US murder victim at Yale University
982:(1002–1024), also had a church built in the neighbouring
660:
628:
619:
4759:"Startseite – GSO :: Göttinger Symphonie Orchester"
3845:(1885–1954), mathematician and physicist, worked on the
1050:), but subject to the Welf dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg.
5176:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 768–769.
5128:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 586–587.
4171:
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization
4076:(playing since 2007 in the first league in Germany and
3839:(1884–1970), psychiatrist, developed autogenic training
4072:(national champions in 1979–80, 1982–83, 1983–84) and
3899:(born 1939), physician and biochemist, founder of the
3397:(1750–1822), a portrait, history and landscape painter
2835:
congregation since 1946, as well as a congregation of
1522:. The Province of Hanover was disestablished in 1946.
774:; they lost their positions, but became known as the "
5106:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 38–39.
4631:. Vol. X (9th ed.). 1879. pp. 854–855.
4128:
4017:(born 2002), footballer with over 60 club caps so far
2793:. Starting in 1528, the teachings of church reformer
1753:
Göttingen Nacht der Kultur (Göttingen Cultural Night)
1034:
ownership and ruling rights, and the first Göttingen
994:
during his feuds with the city of Göttingen in 1387.
637:
5211:"Waltershausen, Wolfgang Sartorius, Baron von"
4332:
Göttingen City Museum (Städtisches Museum Göttingen)
4325:
4184:
3286:(1892–1985), philosopher and sociologist, advocated
2809:. As of today, the area of Göttingen is part of the
2801:
sermon was preached in the Paulinerkirche, a former
1623:
on 9 November 1938. Many of the Jews were killed in
1156:
After the death of Otto the Child in 1257, his sons
1122:, but larger than the neighbouring Welfish towns of
666:
625:
5384:
3999:(born 1989), a former footballer with 248 club caps
3969:(born 1955), a former footballer with 286 club caps
3724:(1800–1882), chemist, worked on inorganic chemistry
2705:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
758:
Today, Göttingen is famous for its old university (
657:
616:
74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5220:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 297.
5198:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 458.
5084:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 321.
5062:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 899.
5040:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 319.
4784:"Göttinger Knabenchor – Musik. Gestalten. Erleben"
4388:Neuer Botanischer Garten der Universität Göttingen
4383:Alter Botanischer Garten der Universität Göttingen
3993:(born 1981), retired footballer with 220 club caps
3611:(1882–1970), physicist and mathematician, won the
3460:(born 1946), writer, singer-songwriter and teacher
3427:(1907–1969), actor, screenwriter and film director
1003:was incorporated within the town's fortification.
877:season, both teams will play in the 1st division.
231:Location of Göttingen within Göttingen district
5242:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 801.
5154:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). pp. 535–536.
4660:. Accessed 13 July 2014. DOI: 10.4171/OWR/2011/51
3678:, (1742–1799), physicist, satirist and Anglophile
1501:period, the city was briefly in the hands of the
802:attended law school at the Göttingen University.
731:The origins of Göttingen lay in a village called
6129:
4034:(soccer) teams, playing in amateur leagues e.g.
3925:researcher, epidemiologist and clinical trialist
3776:(1818–1884), contributed to the birth of modern
3265:(1869–1962), politician and Minister during the
1729:were a significant centre of film production in
1679:) in the old town, and several buildings of the
926:, that once flowed through it. Since the ending
161:
4641:Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach,
4011:(born 1991), footballer with over 280 club caps
4005:(born 1990), footballer with over 250 club caps
3521:(born 1976), singer, vocalist of the rock band
3333:(born 1932), politician, Minister President of
3280:(1891–1945), Nazi Party official and politician
3074:List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany
2837:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1893:Climate data for Göttingen (1991–2020 normals)
869:; both the men's and women's teams play in the
238:
4176:Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research
4161:Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine
4156:Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
3639:
5887:
5370:
4937:"HNA Kommentar zum E-Bike-Test in Goettingen"
4280:, which mostly presents student productions.
4260:Göttingen has two professional theatres, the
3139:
3052:
1246:monastery along the Leine Canal opposite the
1098:). Outside the fortification in front of the
4834:
4282:
4273:
4202:Göttingen State and University Library (SUB)
4189:
4103:Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities
4084:
3815:, (1864–1909), mathematician, developed the
3515:(born 1967), theatre director and playwright
3235:(1789–1850), theologian and church historian
1869:1973: Deppoldshausen, Elliehausen, Esebeck,
1773:, they revived the folksong and wrote lyric
1589:" prevented German scientists from applying
3736:(1805–1859), mathematician, contributed to
2949:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2902:, where a growing number of people are not
1829:) means 'the city that creates knowledge.'
1630:. Also, there was a concentration camp for
1375:in 1351 (see below). Göttingen also gained
948:
5894:
5880:
5377:
5363:
5289:
4250:
3621:(1927–2019), biophysical chemist, won the
3028:
1769:" ('circle of poets'). Being disciples of
1585:team. Ironically, the Nazi insistence on "
1560:"The Navel", centre of the pedestrian zone
1537:In 1854 the city was connected to the new
1277:
978:(said to have been fond of the location),
5861:Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants
4238:View from University Campus looking South
4133:University of Applied Sciences and Arts,
3509:(born 1965), theatre, TV and film actress
3472:(born 1955), pianist and harpsichordist,
3439:(1919–2004), German-American actress and
3433:(1911–1997), operatic soprano and actress
2969:Learn how and when to remove this message
2765:Learn how and when to remove this message
997:
134:Learn how and when to remove this message
5097:"Ewald, Georg Heinrich August von"
4998:
4996:
4308:
4303:
4290:
4285:
4233:
4228:
4215:
4210:
4197:
4192:
4127:Private University of Applied Sciences,
3939:
3718:(1799–1861), surgeon and ophthalmologist
3693:(1777–1855), mathematician and physicist
3663:
3653:
3643:
3554:
3381:
3370:
3247:(1803–1875), theologian and orientalist.
3202:
3192:
3056:
2776:
1799:, which are also performing nationwide.
1748:
1555:
1524:
1449:
1340:
1332:
1147:
1068:
904:
892:
884:
745:
195:Gänseliesel fountain and pedestrian zone
4934:
4608:Statistische Monatshefte Niedersachsen
1790:Göttingen International Handel Festival
1564:
1431:Loss of independence to the present day
1263:), completed in 1331, was constructed.
14:
6130:
5138:
5075:"Neander, Johann August Wilhelm"
4739:from the original on 19 September 2018
4694:"Vor 74 Jahren in Flammen aufgegangen"
4692:Klocke, Katharina (11 November 2012).
4691:
3963:(1883–1975), a family of chess masters
3872:(1907–1984), mathematician, worked on
3863:(1896–1981), mathematician, worked on
3854:(1893–1971), mathematician, worked on
3806:(1862–1943), mathematician, worked on
3791:(1849–1925), mathematician, worked on
3684:FRSE (1776–1835), chemist, discovered
3572:
3494:(born 1964), composer and musicologist
3223:(1763–1809), noted German intellectual
2444:
1638:, which was not liberated until 1945.
836:Nearly untouched by Allied bombing in
486:116.89 km (45.13 sq mi)
5875:
5358:
5348:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911.
5260:from the original on 12 February 2019
4993:
4935:Kopietz, Thomas (26 September 2014).
4835:Tamke, Gerd; Driever, Rainer (2012).
4676:
4527:Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen
4509:Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen
4438:, Hitradio Antenne Niedersachsen and
4375:The university maintains three major
3633:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
3488:(born 1963), author and film director
1744:
678:
5333:. Vol. 10 (9th ed.). 1879.
5119:"Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph"
4916:from the original on 3 December 2017
4700:from the original on 7 November 2018
4663:
4494:
4454:local news from Stadtradio Göttingen
4447:Hessisch-Niedersächsische Allgemeine
4094:Georg-August University of Göttingen
3749:Wolfgang Sartorius von Waltershausen
3346:(1943–2012), lawyer and politician,
2947:adding citations to reliable sources
2914:
2703:adding citations to reliable sources
2674:
1821:(identical pronunciation apart from
1391:industry in particular. Next to the
1286:(d. 1344), who ruled over both the "
72:adding citations to reliable sources
43:
4861:
4816:from the original on 9 January 2019
4806:"BBC News website, 22 January 2013"
3890:(1932–2014), astronomer, worked on
3757:(1811–1899), chemist, investigated
1090:), the smaller church St. Nikolai (
739:times the city was a member of the
24:
6113:
5233:"Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm von"
4943:from the original on 2 April 2015.
4696:(in German). Göttinger Tageblatt.
4220:Assembly Hall on the Wilhelmsplatz
3259:(1845–1923), classical philologist
2789:, and most of the population were
2439:
1617:in Göttingen was destroyed during
234:
25:
6169:
5276:
5053:"Matthiae, August Heinrich"
4969:"Religion in Göttingen 1990–2014"
4849:from the original on 4 March 2016
4326:Museums, collections, exhibitions
4068:some basketball teams, including
3631:(born 1955), biochemist, won the
3544:Museum im Kulturspeicher Würzburg
3536:, electronic dance music producer
3474:Historically Informed Performance
3214:
3188:
2417:World Meteorological Organization
1847:
1720:
1533:, engraved in 1828 by W. R. Smith
1463:State of Hanover (officially the
909:Watermill from early 13th century
345:
313:
5299:
4414:is planted with groves of trees.
4151:http://www.goethe.de/goettingen/
3699:(1788–1853), chemist, worked on
3581:(1858–1947), physicist, won the
3551:(born 1990), classical violinist
3395:Friedrich Ludwig Heinrich Waagen
3253:(1823–1894), Lutheran theologian
3175:
3162:
3149:
3126:
3113:
3100:
3096:, England, United Kingdom (1951)
3087:
2919:
2894:trend in Germany, especially in
2679:
1551:Hanover–Würzburg high-speed line
1465:Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1200:) was built to the south of the
913:
818:, were professors at Göttingen.
653:
612:
344:
337:
312:
305:
214:
204:
189:
48:
6153:Members of the Hanseatic League
5386:Cities in Germany by population
5246:
5224:
5202:
5180:
5158:
5132:
5110:
5088:
5066:
5044:
5022:
4961:
4947:
4928:
4902:
4891:
4828:
4798:
4776:
4751:
4725:
4712:
4685:
4651:http://www.mfo.de/occasion/1144
4470:Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung
4065:a sports stadium (Jahn-Stadion)
3502:Cranbrook Educational Community
3061:Coats of arms of twin towns of
3015:
2690:needs additional citations for
2425:
59:needs additional citations for
6158:Holocaust locations in Germany
5315:New International Encyclopedia
4635:
4613:
4597:
4582:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
4569:
4533:
4515:
4472:on Mondays through Saturdays.
4425:
3734:Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet
3710:Heinrich Christian Eisenbrandt
3601:(1879–1968), chemist, won the
3591:(1865–1929), chemist, won the
3229:(1769–1835), classical scholar
1811:Die Stadt, die Wissen schafft.
1757:Prior to the period of German
13:
1:
5189:"Weber, Wilhelm Eduard"
5145:"Gauss, Karl Friedrich"
4487:
4459:local news from HNA newspaper
4098:http://www.uni-goettingen.de/
4059:at least two skittles alleys.
3563:
3542:(born 1984), director of the
1819:Die Stadt, die Wissen schafft
1817:means 'the city of science,'
1699:was destroyed several times.
867:professional basketball teams
148:City in Lower Saxony, Germany
27:City in Lower Saxony, Germany
5902:Towns and municipalities in
2648:
1873:, Hetjershausen, Holtensen,
1177:(fortress street) is named.
1077:
851:, Inc., and a main site for
7:
5031:"Schelling, Karoline"
4733:"Chronik für das Jahr 1945"
4475:
4313:Junges Theater, Wochenmarkt
4135:http://www.fh-goettingen.de
4107:https://adw-goe.de/en/home/
3676:Georg Christoph Lichtenberg
3649:Georg Christoph Lichtenberg
3640:More science & business
3366:
3144:Göttingen cooperates with:
2910:
2831:congregation since 1894, a
2670:
2226:Average precipitation days
2082:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1942:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1844:: Deutsche Märchenstraße).
1836:attraction in Germany, the
1549:) high-speed trains on the
1539:Hanoverian Southern Railway
794:. Also, German Chancellors
754:fountain at the main market
726:
515:1,000/km (2,600/sq mi)
10:
6174:
4368:Göttingen is home to four
4362:
4255:
4021:
3905:German Democratic Republic
3716:Friedrich August von Ammon
3454:(1930–2024), organ builder
3288:philosophical anthropology
3239:Friedrich August Grotefend
3140:Cooperation and solidarity
3071:
3053:Twin towns – sister cities
2811:Lutheran Church of Hanover
2414:
1892:
1884:
1815:Die Stadt der Wissenschaft
1488:Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
880:
764:"Georg-August-Universität"
743:and hence a wealthy town.
39:Göttingen (disambiguation)
36:
29:
6111:
5910:
5841:
5625:
5484:
5423:
5392:
5167:"Wöhler, Friedrich"
4842:. Stadtarchiv Göttingen.
4085:Universities and colleges
4053:an American football team
3837:Johannes Heinrich Schultz
3530:(born 1979), stage name,
3323:(1926–2020), politician,
3317:commander in World War II
2819:other Protestant churches
2661:Göttingen railway station
2637:
2457:—
2367:
2319:
2272:
2225:
2151:
2081:
2011:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1832:Göttingen is a part of a
1543:Göttingen railway station
1492:prince-elector of Hanover
1441:Principality of Calenberg
1288:Principality of Göttingen
1211:After the failure of the
1196:. The St. Marien Church (
1030:. Its inhabitants obeyed
589:
579:
569:
557:
536:
519:
511:
503:
498:
490:
482:
477:
459:
454:
446:
438:
426:
414:
404:
369:
299:
228:
200:
188:
179:
153:
4272:. In addition, there is
3935:
3623:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
3603:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
3593:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
3257:Wilhelm Heinrich Roscher
3251:August Wilhelm Dieckhoff
3241:(1798–1836), philologist
3227:August Heinrich Matthiae
2854:Nazi concentration camps
949:Imperial palace of Grona
889:St. Alban's Church today
494:150 m (490 ft)
360:Show map of Lower Saxony
30:Not to be confused with
5345:Encyclopædia Britannica
5330:Encyclopædia Britannica
5239:Encyclopædia Britannica
5217:Encyclopædia Britannica
5195:Encyclopædia Britannica
5173:Encyclopædia Britannica
5151:Encyclopædia Britannica
5125:Encyclopædia Britannica
5103:Encyclopædia Britannica
5081:Encyclopædia Britannica
5059:Encyclopædia Britannica
5037:Encyclopædia Britannica
4837:"Göttinger Staßennamen"
4628:Encyclopædia Britannica
4563:Oxford University Press
4445:The regional newspaper
4408:The city cemetery, the
4339:Ethnographic Collection
4251:Cultural establishments
4112:German Aerospace Centre
4040:Landesliga Braunschweig
3808:Hilbert's basis theorem
3785:(1838–1915), astronomer
3589:Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
3029:International relations
2821:in Göttingen, known as
1838:German Fairy Tale Route
1717:or other major combat.
1579:University of Göttingen
1474:was founded in 1737 by
1472:University of Göttingen
1278:Growth and independence
696:
162:
6138:Cities in Lower Saxony
6119:
5010:(in German). Göttingen
4722:, p. 95. Hannover 1985
4468:, is published by the
4314:
4296:
4274:
4239:
4221:
4203:
3948:
3865:analytic number theory
3751:(1809–1876), geologist
3745:(1809–1858), physicist
3730:(1804–1891), physicist
3671:
3661:
3651:
3613:Nobel Prize in Physics
3583:Nobel Prize in Physics
3569:
3513:Roland Schimmelpfennig
3390:
3379:
3211:
3200:
3069:
2787:archbishopric of Mainz
2782:
2655:intercity bus services
1862:1964: Geismar, Grone,
1786:George Frideric Handel
1754:
1641:During the widespread
1561:
1534:
1509:, and returned to the
1455:
1346:
1338:
1315:
1295:
1189:
1153:
1074:
1047:
998:Foundation of the town
910:
902:
890:
755:
717:the eponymous district
292:
6117:
5304:Texts on Wikisource:
4910:"Göttingen: Stations"
4559:UK English Dictionary
4545:31 March 2019 at the
4370:intercultural gardens
4312:
4294:
4237:
4219:
4201:
4181:German Primate Center
3943:
3856:differential geometry
3667:
3657:
3647:
3558:
3419:Heinrich Schachtebeck
3385:
3374:
3206:
3196:
3060:
2860:. In 2004, the first
2846:was destroyed in the
2780:
2431:Historical population
1813:The phrase is a pun:
1797:Göttingen Boys' Choir
1752:
1559:
1528:
1507:Kingdom of Westphalia
1453:
1344:
1336:
1158:Albert I of Brunswick
1151:
1072:
908:
896:
888:
871:Basketball-Bundesliga
749:
538: • Summer (
291:
6148:Göttingen (district)
5904:Göttingen (district)
5856:Metropolitan regions
5537:Freiburg im Breisgau
4656:14 July 2014 at the
4140:15 July 2006 at the
3986:2004 Summer Olympics
3728:Wilhelm Eduard Weber
3691:Carl Friedrich Gauss
3659:Wilhelm Eduard Weber
3441:theatre practitioner
3335:Rhineland-Palatinate
3043:Halifax, Nova Scotia
2943:improve this section
2817:, there are several
2699:improve this article
1565:Nazi era (1933–1945)
1328:Imperial Free Cities
1316:Cocles/der Einäugige
1296:Fürstentum Göttingen
1104:Geismarer altes Dorf
957:was overshadowed by
808:Carl Friedrich Gauss
788:Wilhelm Eduard Weber
581:Vehicle registration
512: • Density
389:51.53389°N 9.93556°E
68:improve this article
37:For other uses, see
5738:Mülheim an der Ruhr
4812:. 22 January 2013.
4557:Oxford Dictionaries
4466:Göttinger Tageblatt
4121:4 June 2011 at the
4080:winners of 2009–10)
3967:Christian Sackewitz
3874:arithmetic geometry
3847:Kaluza–Klein theory
3817:geometry of numbers
3682:Friedrich Stromeyer
3573:Nobel Prize winners
3348:Minister of Defence
2432:
2273:Average snowy days
2012:Daily mean °C (°F)
1628:extermination camps
1520:Province of Hanover
1345:St. Jacobi's Church
1236:the barefoot people
953:In its early days,
385: /
328:Show map of Germany
6120:
4912:. Travelinho.com.
4879:on 12 October 2023
4720:Niedersachsen 1945
4718:Ulrich Schneider:
4511:. 13 October 2021.
4315:
4297:
4240:
4222:
4204:
4129:http://www.pfh.de/
4070:ASC 1846 Göttingen
4036:1. SC Göttingen 05
4003:Maximilian Beister
3973:Sophie von Saldern
3959:(1880–1954) &
3949:
3892:infrared astronomy
3879:Dietrich Küchemann
3861:Carl Ludwig Siegel
3798:Lou Andreas-Salomé
3761:of heated elements
3672:
3662:
3652:
3570:
3480:Herbert Grönemeyer
3391:
3380:
3221:Caroline Schelling
3212:
3201:
3171:, Nicaragua (1989)
3070:
2898:, but also in the
2813:. Apart from this
2783:
2781:St. Michael Church
2430:
1763:Göttinger Hainbund
1755:
1745:Cultural relevance
1739:Hannoversch Münden
1562:
1535:
1515:Kingdom of Hanover
1478:, who was king of
1476:George II Augustus
1456:
1347:
1339:
1173:, after which the
1154:
1086:) and St. Jacobi (
1075:
1040:Free Imperial City
936:Holy Roman Emperor
911:
903:
891:
865:Göttingen has two
756:
680:[ˈɡœtɪŋən]
504: • Total
483: • Total
293:
6125:
6124:
5869:
5868:
5748:Offenbach am Main
5633:Bergisch Gladbach
5456:Frankfurt am Main
4763:www.gso-online.de
4622:"Göttingen"
4585:. Merriam-Webster
4377:botanical gardens
4337:The university's
4323:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4301:
4300:
4295:Deutsches Theater
4263:Deutsches Theater
4248:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4226:
4225:
4208:
4207:
4185:http://www.dpz.eu
3852:Kurt Reidemeister
3813:Hermann Minkowski
3778:organic chemistry
3743:Rudolf Kohlrausch
3528:Christian Büttner
3492:Michael Schneider
3327:from 1960 to 1972
3321:Hans-Jochen Vogel
3003:Oberbürgermeister
2979:
2978:
2971:
2880:Wirtschaftswunder
2849:Reichspogromnacht
2775:
2774:
2767:
2749:
2642:
2641:
2422:
2421:
2322:relative humidity
1871:Groß Ellershausen
1727:Göttingen Studios
1583:Manhattan Project
1421:Frankfurt am Main
1337:St. John's Church
1238:, hence the name
796:Otto von Bismarck
605:
604:
469:Petra Broistedt (
394:51.53389; 9.93556
174:
144:
143:
136:
118:
18:Weende, Göttingen
16:(Redirected from
6165:
6095:Wollbrandshausen
6040:Osterode am Harz
6005:Herzberg am Harz
5896:
5889:
5882:
5873:
5872:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5356:
5355:
5349:
5334:
5319:
5303:
5296:
5293:
5288:
5287:
5285:Official website
5270:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5250:
5244:
5243:
5235:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5213:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5191:
5184:
5178:
5177:
5169:
5162:
5156:
5155:
5147:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5121:
5114:
5108:
5107:
5099:
5092:
5086:
5085:
5077:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5055:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5033:
5026:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5000:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4980:
4974:. Archived from
4973:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4906:
4900:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4848:
4841:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4802:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4769:
4755:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4729:
4723:
4716:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4689:
4683:
4680:
4674:
4667:
4661:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4624:
4617:
4611:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4573:
4567:
4566:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4506:
4498:
4401:botanical garden
4305:
4304:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4279:
4230:
4229:
4212:
4211:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4009:Adriano Grimaldi
3888:Gerry Neugebauer
3759:emission spectra
3722:Friedrich Wöhler
3629:Thomas C. Südhof
3568:
3565:
3413:Anna Teichmüller
3284:Helmuth Plessner
3180:
3179:
3167:
3166:
3154:
3153:
3135:, Germany (1988)
3131:
3130:
3118:
3117:
3105:
3104:
3092:
3091:
3065:, Göttingen and
3039:Göttingen Street
3033:The city is the
2974:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2954:
2923:
2915:
2770:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2707:
2683:
2675:
2446:
2441:
2433:
2429:
2276:
2229:
1890:
1889:
1511:State of Hanover
1425:Hanseatic League
1373:Hanseatic League
1250:, for which the
1206:Teutonic Knights
1160:(the Great) and
845:light microscopy
812:Bernhard Riemann
800:Gerhard Schröder
741:Hanseatic League
690:
689:
688:
682:
677:
673:
672:
669:
668:
665:
662:
659:
652:
644:
643:
640:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
601:
598:
596:
543:
466:
465:(2021–26)
400:
399:
397:
396:
395:
390:
386:
383:
382:
381:
378:
361:
354:
348:
347:
341:
329:
322:
316:
315:
309:
237:
218:
208:
193:
173:
165:
160:
157:
151:
150:
139:
132:
128:
125:
119:
117:
76:
52:
44:
21:
6173:
6172:
6168:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6163:
6162:
6128:
6127:
6126:
6121:
6109:
6105:Wulften am Harz
6000:Hattorf am Harz
5906:
5900:
5870:
5865:
5837:
5626:100,000–199,999
5621:
5597:Mönchengladbach
5485:200,000–499,999
5480:
5424:500,000–999,999
5419:
5388:
5383:
5337:
5322:
5307:
5294:
5283:
5282:
5279:
5274:
5273:
5263:
5261:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5230:
5229:
5225:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5186:
5185:
5181:
5164:
5163:
5159:
5137:
5133:
5116:
5115:
5111:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5072:
5071:
5067:
5050:
5049:
5045:
5028:
5027:
5023:
5013:
5011:
5004:"Partnerstädte"
5002:
5001:
4994:
4984:
4982:
4981:on 4 March 2016
4978:
4971:
4967:
4966:
4962:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4933:
4929:
4919:
4917:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4896:
4892:
4882:
4880:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4839:
4833:
4829:
4819:
4817:
4804:
4803:
4799:
4789:
4787:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4767:
4765:
4757:
4756:
4752:
4742:
4740:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4717:
4713:
4703:
4701:
4690:
4686:
4681:
4677:
4668:
4664:
4658:Wayback Machine
4640:
4636:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4588:
4586:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4550:
4547:Wayback Machine
4538:
4534:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4504:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4490:
4478:
4428:
4365:
4328:
4258:
4253:
4147:Goethe-Institut
4142:Wayback Machine
4123:Wayback Machine
4087:
4056:a baseball team
4050:a bowling alley
4026:Göttingen has:
4024:
3997:Michael Schulze
3938:
3919:Hendrik Streeck
3832:Schering Bridge
3828:Harald Schering
3769:Bergmann's rule
3642:
3575:
3566:
3498:Iris Eichenberg
3464:Bodo von Dewitz
3446:Ingrid Brainard
3369:
3325:Mayor of Munich
3313:(1915–1997), a
3293:Vladimir Lossky
3267:Weimar Republic
3217:
3191:
3182:Qixia (Nanjing)
3174:
3161:
3148:
3142:
3125:
3122:, France (1983)
3112:
3109:, Poland (1978)
3099:
3086:
3076:
3055:
3031:
3018:
2975:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2940:
2924:
2913:
2896:Eastern Germany
2771:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2708:
2706:
2696:
2684:
2673:
2651:
2428:
2423:
2274:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1887:
1850:
1779:Sturm und Drang
1747:
1723:
1662:railway station
1591:Albert Einstein
1567:
1433:
1280:
1080:
1052:Henry the Elder
1000:
986:, dedicated to
972:imperial palace
951:
916:
883:
860:railway station
776:Göttingen Seven
760:Georgia Augusta
729:
701:university city
684:
683:
675:
656:
647:
646:
615:
611:
593:
565:
537:
464:
439:First mentioned
393:
391:
387:
384:
379:
376:
374:
372:
371:
365:
364:
363:
362:
359:
358:
357:
356:
355:
352:
349:
332:
331:
330:
327:
326:
325:
324:
323:
320:
317:
295:
294:
290:
235:
232:
224:
223:
222:
221:
212:
211:
196:
184:
175:
167:
158:
155:
149:
140:
129:
123:
120:
77:
75:
65:
53:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6171:
6161:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6123:
6122:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6025:Landolfshausen
6022:
6017:
6012:
6010:Hörden am Harz
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5980:Gieboldehausen
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5925:Bad Lauterberg
5922:
5917:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5899:
5898:
5891:
5884:
5876:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5851:Municipalities
5848:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5778:Recklinghausen
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5629:
5627:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5427:
5425:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5396:
5394:
5390:
5389:
5382:
5381:
5374:
5367:
5359:
5353:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5335:
5320:
5297:
5278:
5277:External links
5275:
5272:
5271:
5245:
5223:
5201:
5179:
5157:
5140:Cayley, Arthur
5131:
5109:
5087:
5065:
5043:
5021:
4992:
4960:
4946:
4927:
4901:
4890:
4860:
4827:
4797:
4775:
4750:
4724:
4711:
4684:
4675:
4662:
4634:
4612:
4596:
4568:
4532:
4514:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4477:
4474:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4419:Albanifriedhof
4415:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4390:
4385:
4373:
4364:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4353:Paulinerkirche
4349:
4346:
4335:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4269:Junges Theater
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4188:
4187:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4144:
4131:
4125:
4109:
4100:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4042:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3982:Franziska Gude
3979:
3970:
3964:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3926:
3916:
3910:Gerhard Steidl
3907:
3894:
3885:
3876:
3867:
3858:
3849:
3843:Theodor Kaluza
3840:
3834:
3825:
3822:Ludwig Prandtl
3819:
3810:
3801:
3795:
3786:
3780:
3771:
3762:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3697:Leopold Gmelin
3694:
3688:
3679:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3626:
3616:
3606:
3596:
3586:
3574:
3571:
3553:
3552:
3546:
3537:
3525:
3516:
3510:
3507:Juliane Köhler
3504:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3477:
3470:Andreas Staier
3467:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3407:Carl Oesterley
3404:
3398:
3387:Juliane Köhler
3368:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3357:
3354:Conny Wessmann
3351:
3350:, 2002 to 2005
3341:
3331:Bernhard Vogel
3328:
3318:
3311:Harald Gelhaus
3308:
3302:
3299:Woldemar Voigt
3296:
3290:
3281:
3275:
3269:
3263:Rudolf Wissell
3260:
3254:
3248:
3245:Heinrich Ewald
3242:
3236:
3233:August Neander
3230:
3224:
3216:
3215:Public service
3213:
3208:Heinrich Ewald
3198:August Neander
3190:
3189:Notable people
3187:
3186:
3185:
3184:, China (2010)
3172:
3159:
3158:, Japan (1987)
3141:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3123:
3110:
3097:
3054:
3051:
3030:
3027:
3017:
3014:
2977:
2976:
2927:
2925:
2918:
2912:
2909:
2791:Roman Catholic
2773:
2772:
2687:
2685:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2650:
2647:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2370:sunshine hours
2365:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1867:
1860:
1849:
1848:Incorporations
1846:
1746:
1743:
1722:
1721:Modern history
1719:
1677:Johanniskirche
1673:Paulinerkirche
1669:Junkernschänke
1587:German physics
1566:
1563:
1545:is served by (
1432:
1429:
1358:St. Nicholas's
1279:
1276:
1253:Paulinerkirche
1240:Barfüßerstraße
1092:St. Nicholas's
1079:
1076:
1060:Otto the Child
1008:Henry the Lion
999:
996:
950:
947:
932:Archaeological
915:
912:
882:
879:
792:Georg Gervinus
784:Heinrich Ewald
780:Brothers Grimm
728:
725:
603:
602:
591:
587:
586:
583:
577:
576:
573:
571:Dialling codes
567:
566:
563:
561:
555:
554:
544:
534:
533:
523:
517:
516:
513:
509:
508:
505:
501:
500:
496:
495:
492:
488:
487:
484:
480:
479:
475:
474:
467:
457:
456:
452:
451:
448:
444:
443:
440:
436:
435:
430:
424:
423:
418:
412:
411:
406:
402:
401:
367:
366:
351:
350:
343:
342:
336:
335:
334:
333:
319:
318:
311:
310:
304:
303:
302:
301:
300:
297:
296:
233:
230:
229:
226:
225:
219:
213:
209:
203:
202:
201:
198:
197:
194:
186:
185:
180:
177:
176:
159:
154:
147:
142:
141:
56:
54:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6170:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6133:
6116:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6100:Wollershausen
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5909:
5905:
5897:
5892:
5890:
5885:
5883:
5878:
5877:
5874:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5846:Complete list
5844:
5843:
5840:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5624:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5547:Halle (Saale)
5545:
5543:
5542:Gelsenkirchen
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5380:
5375:
5373:
5368:
5366:
5361:
5360:
5357:
5347:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5298:
5292:
5286:
5281:
5280:
5259:
5255:
5249:
5241:
5240:
5234:
5227:
5219:
5218:
5212:
5205:
5197:
5196:
5190:
5183:
5175:
5174:
5168:
5161:
5153:
5152:
5146:
5141:
5135:
5127:
5126:
5120:
5113:
5105:
5104:
5098:
5091:
5083:
5082:
5076:
5069:
5061:
5060:
5054:
5047:
5039:
5038:
5032:
5025:
5009:
5008:goettingen.de
5005:
4999:
4997:
4977:
4970:
4964:
4956:
4950:
4942:
4938:
4931:
4915:
4911:
4905:
4899:
4894:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4864:
4845:
4838:
4831:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4801:
4785:
4779:
4764:
4760:
4754:
4738:
4735:(in German).
4734:
4728:
4721:
4715:
4699:
4695:
4688:
4679:
4672:
4666:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4647:Della Fenster
4644:
4638:
4630:
4629:
4623:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4600:
4584:
4583:
4578:
4572:
4564:
4560:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4544:
4541:
4536:
4528:
4525:(in German).
4524:
4518:
4510:
4503:
4497:
4493:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4411:Stadtfriedhof
4407:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4371:
4367:
4366:
4360:
4354:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4276:Theater im OP
4271:
4270:
4265:
4264:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4200:
4196:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4136:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4079:
4078:EuroChallenge
4075:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4016:
4015:Ansgar Knauff
4013:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3958:
3957:Dietrich Duhm
3955:(1878–1946),
3954:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3945:Ansgar Knauff
3942:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3921:(born 1977),
3920:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3804:David Hilbert
3802:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3783:Arthur Auwers
3781:
3779:
3775:
3774:Hermann Kolbe
3772:
3770:
3766:
3765:Carl Bergmann
3763:
3760:
3756:
3755:Robert Bunsen
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3738:number theory
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3705:Gmelin's test
3702:
3701:red prussiate
3698:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3669:Robert Bunsen
3666:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3646:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3620:
3619:Manfred Eigen
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3561:
3557:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3452:Jürgen Ahrend
3450:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3431:Tresi Rudolph
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3401:Therese Huber
3399:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3377:
3376:Therese Huber
3373:
3361:
3360:Suzanne Jovin
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3210:, before 1875
3209:
3205:
3199:
3195:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3170:
3169:La Paz Centro
3165:
3160:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3078:Göttingen is
3075:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3026:
3023:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2991:Bürgermeister
2988:
2984:
2973:
2970:
2962:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2928:This section
2926:
2922:
2917:
2916:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2795:Martin Luther
2792:
2788:
2779:
2769:
2766:
2758:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2716: –
2715:
2711:
2710:Find sources:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2688:This article
2686:
2682:
2677:
2676:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2646:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:Mean monthly
2366:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2224:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2155:
2154:precipitation
2150:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1896:
1891:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1620:Kristallnacht
1616:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1575:Edward Teller
1572:
1558:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1480:Great Britain
1477:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:Otto the Mild
1275:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1228:Wilhelmsplatz
1225:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
995:
991:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
970:
966:
962:
961:
956:
946:
944:
940:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
914:Early history
907:
901:fortress site
900:
895:
887:
878:
876:
872:
868:
863:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
841:
839:
834:
832:
828:
824:
819:
817:
816:David Hilbert
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
753:
748:
744:
742:
738:
734:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
687:
681:
671:
650:
642:
609:
600:
592:
588:
584:
582:
578:
574:
572:
568:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
545:
541:
535:
531:
527:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
472:
468:
463:
460: •
458:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
434:
431:
429:
425:
422:
419:
417:
413:
410:
407:
403:
398:
370:Coordinates:
368:
340:
308:
298:
227:
217:
207:
199:
192:
187:
183:
178:
171:
164:
152:
146:
138:
135:
127:
116:
113:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85: –
84:
80:
79:Find sources:
73:
69:
63:
62:
57:This article
55:
51:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
6118:Coat of arms
6060:Rüdershausen
5995:Hann. Münden
5989:
5728:Ludwigshafen
5662:
5517:Braunschweig
5343:
5328:
5313:
5262:. Retrieved
5248:
5237:
5226:
5215:
5204:
5193:
5182:
5171:
5160:
5149:
5134:
5123:
5112:
5101:
5090:
5079:
5068:
5057:
5046:
5035:
5024:
5012:. Retrieved
5007:
4983:. Retrieved
4976:the original
4963:
4949:
4930:
4918:. Retrieved
4904:
4893:
4881:. Retrieved
4877:the original
4872:
4863:
4851:. Retrieved
4830:
4818:. Retrieved
4809:
4800:
4788:. Retrieved
4778:
4766:. Retrieved
4762:
4753:
4741:. Retrieved
4727:
4719:
4714:
4702:. Retrieved
4687:
4678:
4665:
4642:
4637:
4626:
4615:
4607:
4599:
4587:. Retrieved
4580:
4571:
4555:
4535:
4517:
4496:
4463:
4444:
4429:
4409:
4358:
4267:
4261:
4259:
4088:
4074:BG Göttingen
4046:cricket club
4025:
3961:Andreas Duhm
3793:group theory
3703:and created
3549:Niklas Liepe
3531:
3519:Sandra Nasić
3425:Helmut Weiss
3344:Peter Struck
3278:Alfred Meyer
3143:
3077:
3032:
3022:coat of arms
3019:
3016:Coat of arms
3011:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2982:
2980:
2965:
2956:
2941:Please help
2929:
2889:
2878:
2874:Gastarbeiter
2872:
2858:Soviet Union
2847:
2841:
2822:
2815:state church
2784:
2761:
2752:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2709:
2697:Please help
2692:verification
2689:
2665:
2659:
2652:
2643:
2426:Demographics
2156:mm (inches)
1866:, and Weende
1864:Nikolausberg
1858:Herberhausen
1851:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1783:
1766:
1756:
1731:West Germany
1724:
1715:bombardments
1701:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1666:
1658:Nazi Germany
1640:
1618:
1611:
1595:World War II
1568:
1536:
1531:Robert Batty
1496:
1469:
1457:
1445:Maximilian I
1434:
1414:
1381:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1348:
1324:
1320:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1281:
1271:
1265:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1239:
1235:
1227:
1221:
1212:
1210:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1155:
1152:Marienkirche
1138:
1136:
1132:Hann. Münden
1115:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1027:
1023:
1005:
1001:
992:
983:
975:
964:
958:
954:
952:
927:
923:
919:
917:
898:
897:Memorial at
870:
864:
857:
853:Sartorius AG
847:division of
842:
838:World War II
835:
830:
826:
822:
820:
759:
757:
732:
730:
705:Lower Saxony
607:
606:
559:Postal codes
450:18 districts
447:Subdivisions
421:Lower Saxony
220:Coat of arms
145:
130:
124:January 2010
121:
111:
104:
97:
90:
78:
66:Please help
61:verification
58:
6080:Staufenberg
6050:Rollshausen
6045:Rhumspringe
5970:Elbingerode
5798:Saarbrücken
5643:Bremerhaven
5295:(in German)
5264:11 February
4853:13 February
4786:(in German)
4743:13 February
4704:11 February
4604:(in German)
4577:"Göttingen"
4552:"Göttingen"
4540:"Göttingen"
4426:Local media
4149:Göttingen,
3929:Anna Frebel
3870:Max Deuring
3789:Felix Klein
3567: 1930
3540:Luisa Heese
3486:Chris Kraus
3458:Kai Engelke
3305:Kurt Vieweg
3272:Emma Sachse
2890:There is a
2877:during the
2824:Freikirchen
2714:"Göttingen"
1767:Dichterbund
1759:romanticism
1632:adolescents
1625:Nazi German
1603:mathematics
1571:Leó Szilárd
1497:During the
1402:Netherlands
1384:Middle Ages
1369:old village
1354:hall church
1272:Jüdenstraße
1224:monasteries
1143:River Leine
1088:St. James's
1073:Geismar Tor
1048:Reichsstadt
988:Saint Alban
980:Heinrich II
827:Gänseliesel
823:Gänseliesel
752:Gänseliesel
721:River Leine
597:.goettingen
564:37001–37085
433:Göttingen
392: /
83:"Göttingen"
6132:Categories
6090:Walkenried
5965:Ebergötzen
5960:Duderstadt
5935:Bilshausen
5930:Bad Sachsa
5803:Salzgitter
5793:Reutlingen
5783:Regensburg
5723:Leverkusen
5708:Ingolstadt
5703:Hildesheim
5688:Heidelberg
5602:Oberhausen
5446:Düsseldorf
5393:1,000,000+
5014:3 February
4985:16 October
4920:2 December
4883:12 October
4488:References
3897:Jens Reich
3579:Max Planck
3560:Max Planck
3523:Guano Apes
3476:specialist
3133:Wittenberg
3094:Cheltenham
3072:See also:
3063:Cheltenham
3007:Nazi Party
2987:Michaelmas
2959:March 2024
2799:Protestant
2755:March 2024
2725:newspapers
2275:(≥ 1.0 cm)
2228:(≥ 1.0 mm)
1875:Knutbühren
1735:Duderstadt
1681:university
1499:Napoleonic
1412:textiles.
1232:Franciscan
1198:St. Mary's
1175:Burgstraße
1128:Duderstadt
1116:Turmstraße
1096:red street
1010:, Duke of
873:. For the
849:Carl Zeiss
831:goose girl
804:Karl Barth
707:, central
697:Chöttingen
693:Low German
499:Population
462:Lord mayor
455:Government
380:09°56′08″E
377:51°32′02″N
353:Göttingen
321:Göttingen
170:Low German
163:Chöttingen
156:Göttingen
94:newspapers
6143:Göttingen
6075:Seulingen
6035:Obernfeld
5990:Göttingen
5975:Friedland
5955:Dransfeld
5920:Bad Grund
5915:Adelebsen
5828:Wolfsburg
5788:Remscheid
5768:Pforzheim
5763:Paderborn
5758:Osnabrück
5753:Oldenburg
5693:Heilbronn
5668:Gütersloh
5663:Göttingen
5648:Darmstadt
5617:Wuppertal
5612:Wiesbaden
5577:Magdeburg
5552:Karlsruhe
5502:Bielefeld
5476:Stuttgart
5471:Nuremberg
5340:Göttingen
5325:Göttingen
5310:Göttingen
4549:(US) and
4440:Radio ffn
4397:arboretum
3991:Timo Ochs
3953:Hans Duhm
3901:New Forum
3599:Otto Hahn
3533:TheFatRat
3437:Uta Hagen
3339:Thuringia
3156:Hiroshima
2930:does not
2844:synagogue
2833:Mennonite
2807:Lutherans
2803:Dominican
2649:Transport
1771:Klopstock
1712:artillery
1708:U.S. Army
1704:Wehrmacht
1693:Brunswick
1654:air raids
1615:synagogue
1607:chemistry
1541:. Today,
1461:Electoral
1437:Calenberg
1303:der Quade
1244:Dominican
1208:in 1318.
1171:Ballerhus
1167:Albert II
1084:St John's
1078:Expansion
1064:Brunswick
943:Magdeburg
750:Landmark
733:Gutingi,
608:Göttingen
547:UTC+02:00
526:UTC+01:00
521:Time zone
491:Elevation
32:Göppingen
6030:Niemetal
5985:Gleichen
5945:Bovenden
5940:Bodensee
5833:Würzburg
5813:Solingen
5653:Erlangen
5587:Mannheim
5527:Duisburg
5522:Chemnitz
5497:Augsburg
5436:Dortmund
5258:Archived
5142:(1911).
4941:Archived
4914:Archived
4844:Archived
4814:Archived
4810:BBC News
4737:Archived
4698:Archived
4654:Archived
4589:31 March
4543:Archived
4476:See also
4266:and the
4138:Archived
4119:Archived
4032:football
3883:Concorde
3609:Max Born
3367:The arts
3035:namesake
2995:Syndikus
2983:Neustadt
2911:Politics
2904:baptised
2671:Religion
2415:Source:
2410:1,556.1
2320:Average
2152:Average
1879:Roringen
1651:American
1647:Canadian
1636:Moringen
1367:and the
1365:new town
1307:the Evil
1248:Neustadt
1213:new town
1202:Neustadt
1194:Neustadt
1190:Neustadt
1182:new town
1124:Northeim
1036:burghers
1028:Gotingen
1026:or also
1024:Gudingin
1020:pentagon
969:Ottonian
737:medieval
727:Overview
428:District
6070:Seeburg
6065:Scheden
6055:Rosdorf
6020:Krebeck
5773:Potsdam
5718:Koblenz
5638:Bottrop
5607:Rostock
5592:Münster
5567:Krefeld
5466:Leipzig
5461:Hanover
5441:Dresden
5410:Hamburg
5405:Cologne
5318:. 1905.
4939:. HNA.
4820:20 June
4363:Gardens
4256:Theatre
4038:in the
3977:Germany
3903:in the
3686:cadmium
3635:in 2013
3625:in 1967
3615:in 1954
3605:in 1944
3595:in 1925
3080:twinned
2951:removed
2936:sources
2892:secular
2870:Turkish
2866:Islamic
2862:Shabbat
2829:Baptist
2739:scholar
2630:119,801
2619:116,052
2608:114,698
2597:108,991
2501:+188.9%
2221:(24.6)
2216:(1.86)
2211:(1.94)
2206:(1.90)
2201:(1.91)
2196:(2.50)
2191:(2.84)
2186:(2.57)
2181:(2.49)
2176:(1.39)
2171:(1.69)
2166:(1.48)
2161:(1.90)
2147:(40.8)
2142:(31.6)
2137:(36.7)
2132:(42.3)
2127:(47.7)
2122:(53.2)
2117:(53.4)
2112:(49.6)
2107:(44.2)
2102:(37.6)
2097:(33.6)
2092:(29.8)
2087:(29.5)
2077:(49.1)
2072:(36.3)
2067:(41.7)
2062:(49.3)
2057:(57.0)
2052:(64.2)
2047:(64.4)
2042:(60.6)
2037:(55.4)
2032:(48.4)
2027:(41.2)
2022:(35.6)
2017:(34.5)
2007:(57.2)
2002:(40.5)
1997:(46.8)
1992:(57.0)
1987:(66.9)
1982:(75.4)
1977:(75.2)
1972:(70.9)
1967:(65.5)
1962:(58.5)
1957:(48.9)
1952:(41.4)
1947:(39.0)
1885:Climate
1834:tourist
1804:Barbara
1777:of the
1689:Hanover
1643:British
1599:physics
1503:Prussia
1484:Ireland
1410:English
1389:textile
1259:Pauline
1120:Hanover
1108:Geismar
1100:Geismar
1056:Otto IV
1032:welfish
1016:Bavaria
984:Gutingi
965:Gutingi
955:Gutingi
920:Gutingi
881:History
875:2022–23
772:Hanover
713:capital
709:Germany
699:) is a
676:German:
590:Website
507:118,946
409:Germany
405:Country
108:scholar
6015:Jühnde
5950:Bühren
5808:Siegen
5572:Lübeck
5557:Kassel
5532:Erfurt
5507:Bochum
5492:Aachen
5431:Bremen
5415:Munich
5400:Berlin
4790:20 May
4768:20 May
4343:Arctic
3947:, 2022
3914:Steidl
3389:, 2009
3378:, 1804
3337:&
3315:U-boat
3082:with:
3047:Canada
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2712:
2600:+35.6%
2586:80,377
2578:+53.6%
2575:78,680
2564:51,214
2556:+14.3%
2553:47,149
2545:+36.4%
2542:41,246
2534:+90.8%
2531:30,234
2523:+59.0%
2520:15,847
2512:+11.3%
2490:−22.5%
2479:−20.0%
2468:−16.7%
2398:144.0
2395:196.1
2392:207.3
2389:205.9
2386:200.9
2383:173.5
2380:117.1
2268:181.2
1898:Month
1877:, and
1856:1963:
1842:German
1788:. The
1775:poetry
1697:Kassel
1685:cities
1417:Lübeck
1406:Lübeck
1351:Gothic
1312:German
1292:German
1261:church
1186:German
1162:Johann
1044:German
1012:Saxony
939:Otto I
719:. The
711:, the
166:
110:
103:
96:
89:
81:
6085:Waake
5818:Trier
5743:Neuss
5733:Moers
5698:Herne
5683:Hanau
5673:Hagen
5658:Fürth
5582:Mainz
5451:Essen
4979:(PDF)
4972:(PDF)
4847:(PDF)
4840:(PDF)
4505:(PDF)
4436:NDR 1
4395:, an
4030:some
4022:Sport
3936:Sport
3107:Toruń
3067:Toruń
2999:Maire
2746:JSTOR
2732:books
2633:+3.2%
2622:+1.2%
2611:+5.2%
2589:+2.2%
2567:+8.6%
2509:9,968
2498:8,957
2487:3,100
2476:4,000
2465:5,000
2454:6,000
2407:37.6
2404:47.6
2401:98.7
2377:70.7
2374:49.2
2363:78.4
2360:85.5
2357:85.9
2354:83.3
2351:78.5
2348:72.4
2345:73.8
2342:75.1
2339:73.5
2336:71.7
2333:76.9
2330:80.7
2327:83.8
2315:23.4
2265:18.4
2262:16.4
2259:15.4
2256:13.2
2253:13.9
2250:15.2
2247:14.2
2244:14.2
2241:12.6
2238:15.2
2235:15.4
2232:17.0
1937:Year
1397:linen
1393:guild
1377:Grona
1217:Marks
1106:(old
976:Grona
960:Grona
899:Grona
768:kings
762:, or
651:also
416:State
115:JSTOR
101:books
5713:Jena
5678:Hamm
5562:Kiel
5512:Bonn
5266:2019
5016:2021
4987:2015
4922:2017
4898:Link
4885:2023
4855:2019
4822:2018
4792:2020
4770:2020
4745:2019
4706:2019
4591:2019
4464:The
4399:and
4351:The
3585:1918
3020:The
2934:any
2932:cite
2900:West
2885:Arab
2718:news
2627:2018
2616:2011
2605:1987
2594:1970
2583:1961
2572:1950
2561:1939
2550:1933
2539:1919
2528:1900
2517:1871
2506:1833
2495:1812
2484:1700
2473:1600
2462:1503
2451:1393
2440:Pop.
2436:Year
2324:(%)
2312:4.4
2309:1.4
2285:2.8
2282:7.2
2279:7.6
2214:47.3
2209:49.2
2204:48.3
2199:48.4
2194:63.4
2189:72.2
2184:65.3
2179:63.3
2174:35.3
2169:42.9
2164:37.5
2159:48.3
2140:−0.2
2120:11.8
2115:11.9
2090:−1.2
2085:−1.4
2055:13.9
2050:17.9
2045:18.0
2040:15.9
2035:13.0
2005:14.0
1990:13.9
1985:19.4
1980:24.1
1975:24.0
1970:21.6
1965:18.6
1960:14.7
1934:Dec
1931:Nov
1928:Oct
1925:Sep
1922:Aug
1919:Jul
1916:Jun
1913:May
1910:Apr
1907:Mar
1904:Feb
1901:Jan
1765:or "
1737:and
1725:The
1691:and
1675:and
1667:The
1649:and
1605:and
1573:and
1490:and
1482:and
1470:The
1419:and
1404:and
1267:Jews
1230:, a
1222:Two
1139:Gote
1137:The
1130:and
1014:and
928:-ing
924:Gote
814:and
798:and
790:and
575:0551
551:CEST
478:Area
210:Flag
182:City
87:news
5823:Ulm
5342:".
5327:".
5312:".
3923:HIV
3120:Pau
3037:of
2945:by
2701:by
2219:624
2145:4.9
2135:2.6
2130:5.7
2125:8.7
2110:9.8
2105:6.8
2100:3.1
2095:0.9
2075:9.5
2070:2.4
2065:5.4
2060:9.6
2030:9.1
2025:5.1
2020:2.0
2015:1.4
2000:4.7
1995:8.2
1955:9.4
1950:5.2
1945:3.9
1827:die
1823:der
1687:of
1656:on
1634:in
1547:ICE
1467:).
1395:of
1290:" (
770:of
715:of
703:in
599:.de
595:www
540:DST
530:CET
471:SPD
442:953
70:by
6134::
5256:.
5236:.
5214:.
5192:.
5170:.
5148:.
5122:.
5100:.
5078:.
5056:.
5034:.
5006:.
4995:^
4871:.
4808:.
4761:.
4625:.
4579:.
4561:.
4554:.
4507:.
4432:FM
4379::
4183:,
4114:,
4105:,
4096:,
4044:a
3564:c.
3562:,
3049:.
3045:,
3041:,
3009:.
2839:.
2445:±%
2306:0
2303:0
2300:0
2297:0
2294:0
2291:0
2288:0
1825:~
1741:.
1645:,
1601:,
1553:.
1494:.
1486:,
1330:.
1314::
1294::
1274:.
1188::
1134:.
1126:,
1046::
810:,
786:,
782:,
695::
691:;
674:;
670:-/
649:US
645:,
623:ɜː
585:GÖ
5895:e
5888:t
5881:v
5378:e
5371:t
5364:v
5338:"
5323:"
5308:"
5268:.
5018:.
4989:.
4957:.
4924:.
4887:.
4857:.
4824:.
4794:.
4772:.
4747:.
4708:.
4673:)
4593:.
4565:.
4529:.
4421:.
4403:.
2972:)
2966:(
2961:)
2957:(
2953:.
2939:.
2768:)
2762:(
2757:)
2753:(
2743:·
2736:·
2729:·
2722:·
2695:.
1840:(
1256:(
1184:(
1042:(
829:(
667:t
664:ɛ
661:ɡ
658:ˈ
655:/
641:/
638:n
635:ə
632:ŋ
629:ɪ
626:t
620:ɡ
617:ˈ
614:/
610:(
553:)
549:(
542:)
532:)
528:(
473:)
172:)
168:(
137:)
131:(
126:)
122:(
112:·
105:·
98:·
91:·
64:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.