25:
17:
114:
Being one of the planet's most significant gases in the atmosphere, water vapor is important to study due to its benefits to climate change. Water vapor absorption mostly occurs in what is called the water vapor continuum, which is a combination of bands and windows that heavily influence radiation
66:
The mid-infrared window, which has a range of 800–1250 cm^-1, is one of the more significant windows, for it has a massive influence on radiation fluxes in high humidity areas of the atmosphere. There has also been increased attention on the windows at 4700 cm^-1 and 6300 cm^-1 since their water
88:
of blackbody radiation. The resultant temperature is -18.7 °C. Compared to +14.5 °C, the average worldwide temperature of the Earth's surface is 33 °C cooler. Thus, the Earth's surface is up to 33 °C warmer than it would be without the atmosphere. Moreover, the observation of longwave radiation
39:
that have little absorption by water vapor in Earth's atmosphere. Because of this weak absorption, these wavelengths are allowed to reach the Earth's surface barring effects from other atmospheric components. This process is highly impacted by greenhouse gases because of the effective emission
67:
vapor micro-windows confirm that uncertainties in water vapor window parameters only occur at the edges. Moreover, the net incoming solar shortwave radiation and the net outgoing terrestrial longwave radiation at the top of the atmosphere keep the
115:
in the atmosphere. This continuum has two parts, which are the self-continuum and the foreign continuum. The self-continuum has a negative dependence on temperature, and the self-continuum is significantly stronger at the edges of the windows.
55:(IR) energy in the Earth's atmosphere, and these wavelength ranges that can partially reach the surface are coming through what is called 'water vapor windows'. However, these windows do not absorb all of the infrared light, and
79:
Water vapor windows are also impacted by greenhouse gases since the water cycle is greatly accelerated due to these gases. The global averaged value of emitted, longwave radiation is 238.5 Wm^-2. One may get the
89:
demonstrates that the greenhouse effect exists in the Earth's atmosphere. These windows also allow orbiting satellites to measure the IR energy leaving the planet, the SSTs, and other important matters. See
102:
allows it to absorb and release radiation at far, near and mid-infrared wavelengths. The polarity also largely impacts how water interacts with nature, for it allows complexes of water, such as the
184:
24:
91:
257:"The water vapour continuum in near-infrared windows – Current understanding and prospects for its inclusion in spectroscopic databases"
40:
temperature. The water vapor continuum and greenhouse gases are significantly linked due to water vapor's benefits on climate change.
206:
255:
Shine, Keith P.; Campargue, Alain; Mondelain, Didier; McPheat, Robert A.; Ptashnik, Igor V.; Weidmann, Damien (2016-09-01).
164:
523:
98:
Water vapor absorbing these wavelengths of IR energy is mainly attributed to water being a polar molecule. Water's
192:
518:
513:
410:
84:
of the globe by assuming that the Earth-atmosphere system radiates as a blackbody in accordance with the
411:"Water vapor self-continuum absorption in near-infrared windows derived from laboratory measurements"
234:
59:
is allowed to freely flow as a result. Astronomers can view the
Universe with IR telescopes, called
409:
Ptashnik, Igor V.; McPheat, Robert A.; Shine, Keith P.; Smith, Kevin M.; Williams, R. Gary (2011).
159:
85:
68:
533:
81:
56:
149:
528:
474:
422:
364:
320:
268:
8:
538:
478:
426:
368:
324:
272:
492:
388:
154:
60:
496:
392:
380:
286:
131:
coming from the
Universe is being blocked and then absorbed by water vapor and other
99:
482:
430:
372:
328:
276:
211:
132:
487:
462:
333:
308:
220:
216:
144:
36:
376:
281:
256:
507:
384:
290:
352:
447:
Page 73, Historical
Perspectives on Climate Change By James Rodger Fleming
124:
16:
434:
103:
48:
353:"The Water Vapour Continuum: Brief History and Recent Developments"
128:
52:
351:
Shine, Keith P.; Ptashnik, Igor V.; Rädel, Gaby (2012-07-01).
254:
408:
92:
Electromagnetic absorption by water: Atmospheric effects
263:. New Visions of Spectroscopic Databases, Volume II.
350:
505:
467:Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography
313:Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography
74:
28:Water vapor window with micro-windows visible
302:
300:
123:These windows were originally discovered by
463:"Role of greenhouse gas in climate change"
309:"Role of greenhouse gas in climate change"
51:is a gas that absorbs many wavelengths of
486:
332:
297:
280:
109:
23:
15:
506:
460:
306:
207:"The climatic effects of water vapour"
20:Atmospheric transmission of radiation
404:
402:
346:
344:
250:
248:
235:"Climate and Earth's Energy Budget"
165:Electromagnetic absorption by water
13:
461:Manabe, Syukuro (1 January 2019).
14:
550:
454:
399:
341:
261:Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
245:
127:. He disocvered that most of the
415:Journal of Geophysical Research
441:
227:
199:
177:
82:effective emission temperature
63:, because of these windows.
1:
488:10.1080/16000870.2019.1620078
334:10.1080/16000870.2019.1620078
219:. May 1, 2003. Archived from
170:
118:
43:
135:in the Earth's atmosphere.
7:
189:coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu
138:
10:
555:
75:Greenhouse Effect's Impact
377:10.1007/s10712-011-9170-y
282:10.1016/j.jms.2016.04.011
239:earthobservatory.nasa.gov
86:Stefan-Boltzmann equation
524:Electromagnetic spectrum
307:Manabe, Syukuro (2019).
185:"IR Atmospheric Windows"
160:Electromagnetic spectrum
69:Earth's energy balance
57:electromagnetic energy
29:
21:
519:Satellite meteorology
514:Atmospheric radiation
357:Surveys in Geophysics
150:Effective temperature
110:Water Vapor Continuum
27:
19:
435:10.1029/2011JD015603
223:on January 12, 2008.
195:on January 26, 2007.
479:2019TellA..7120078M
427:2011JGRD..11616305P
369:2012SGeo...33..535S
325:2019TellA..7120078M
273:2016JMoSp.327..193S
241:. January 14, 2009.
35:are wavelengths of
33:Water vapor windows
155:Infrared astronomy
61:Infrared astronomy
30:
22:
546:
500:
490:
448:
445:
439:
438:
406:
397:
396:
348:
339:
338:
336:
304:
295:
294:
284:
252:
243:
242:
231:
225:
224:
212:physicsworld.com
203:
197:
196:
191:. Archived from
181:
133:greenhouse gases
554:
553:
549:
548:
547:
545:
544:
543:
504:
503:
457:
452:
451:
446:
442:
407:
400:
349:
342:
305:
298:
253:
246:
233:
232:
228:
205:
204:
200:
183:
182:
178:
173:
141:
121:
112:
77:
46:
12:
11:
5:
552:
542:
541:
536:
534:Climate change
531:
526:
521:
516:
502:
501:
473:(1): 1620078.
456:
455:External links
453:
450:
449:
440:
398:
363:(3): 535–555.
340:
296:
244:
226:
217:IOP Publishing
198:
175:
174:
172:
169:
168:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
145:Greenhouse gas
140:
137:
120:
117:
111:
108:
76:
73:
45:
42:
37:infrared light
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
551:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
511:
509:
498:
494:
489:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
459:
458:
444:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
405:
403:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
347:
345:
335:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
303:
301:
292:
288:
283:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
251:
249:
240:
236:
230:
222:
218:
214:
213:
208:
202:
194:
190:
186:
180:
176:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
142:
136:
134:
130:
126:
116:
107:
105:
101:
96:
94:
93:
87:
83:
72:
70:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
41:
38:
34:
26:
18:
470:
466:
443:
418:
414:
360:
356:
316:
312:
264:
260:
238:
229:
221:the original
210:
201:
193:the original
188:
179:
125:John Tyndall
122:
113:
97:
90:
78:
65:
47:
32:
31:
529:Climatology
267:: 193–208.
104:water dimer
49:Water vapor
539:Atmosphere
508:Categories
171:References
119:Background
71:in check.
44:Definition
497:197554504
393:129390020
385:1573-0956
291:0022-2852
139:See also
129:infrared
100:polarity
53:Infrared
475:Bibcode
423:Bibcode
421:(D16).
365:Bibcode
321:Bibcode
269:Bibcode
495:
391:
383:
289:
493:S2CID
389:S2CID
319:(1).
381:ISSN
287:ISSN
483:doi
431:doi
419:116
373:doi
329:doi
277:doi
265:327
510::
491:.
481:.
471:71
469:.
465:.
429:.
417:.
413:.
401:^
387:.
379:.
371:.
361:33
359:.
355:.
343:^
327:.
317:71
315:.
311:.
299:^
285:.
275:.
259:.
247:^
237:.
215:.
209:.
187:.
106:.
95:.
499:.
485::
477::
437:.
433::
425::
395:.
375::
367::
337:.
331::
323::
293:.
279::
271::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
