299:"I the Sun Suppiluliumas, the great king, the king of the Hatti land, the valiant, the favorite of the Storm-god, reached the country of Alse and captured the provincial center Kutmar To Antar-atal of the country of Alse I presented it as a gift. I proceeded to the provincial center Suta and ransacked it. I reached Wassukanni. The inhabitants of the provincial center Suta together with their cattle, sheep (and) horses, together with their possessions and together with their deportees I brought to the Hatti land. Tusratta, the king, had departed, he did not come to meet me in battle. I turned around and (re) crossed the Euphrates. I vanquished the country of Halba and the country of Mukis."
33:
770:
Dominik Bonatz, "Waššukanni at the End of the Late Bronze Age: The Fate of a
Capital City During Periods of Change", in Exploring 'Dark Ages' Archaeological Markers of Transition in the Near East from the Bronze Age to the Early Islamic Period, Benoit et al. (ed), Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden,
677:
Buccellati, Federico, "Learning New Styles, Quickly: An
Examination of the Mittani–Middle Assyrian Transition in Material Culture", Values and Revaluations: The Transformation and Genesis of “Values in Things” from Archaeological and Anthropological Perspectives, edited by Hans Peter Hahn et al.,
620:
D. Bonatz, "Tell
Fekheriye in the Late Bronze Age: Archaeological Investigations into the Structures of Political Governance in the Upper Mesopotamian Piedmont", In: D. Bonatz (ed.), The Archaeology of Political Spaces. The Upper Mesopotamian Piedmont in the Second Millennium BCE. Topoi Berlin
269:. However, this identification received a new support by Stefano de Martino, Mirko Novák and Dominik Bonatz due to recent archaeological excavations by a German team. But despite many seasons of excavations, no documentation of the name of the Mittani capital has yet been found.
610:
D. Bonatz, "Tell
Fekheriye – Renewed Excavations at the 'Head of the Spring.'", In: D. Bonatz and L. Martin (eds.), 100 Jahre archäologische Feldforschungen in Nordost-Syrien – Eine Bilant. Schriften der Max Freiherr von Oppenheim-Stiftung 18, Wiesbaden, pp. 209-234,
630:
A. Tenu, "Building the Empire. Settlement
Patterns in the Middle Assyrian Empire", In: B.S. Düring (ed.), Understanding Hegemonic Practices of the Early Assyrian Empire. Essays dedicated to Frans Wiggermann. PIHANS, vol. 125, Leiden, pp. 75-87,
600:
De
Martino, Stefano, 2018. "Political and Cultural Relations between the Kingdom of Mittani and its Subordinated Polities in Syria and Southeast Anatolia", in Changing Faces of Kingship in Syria-Palestine 1500-500 BCE, Ugarit Verlag,
705:
Casana, Jesse, "Remote sensing-based approaches to site morphology and historical geography in the northern fertile crescent", New
Agendas in Remote Sensing and Landscape Archaeology in the Near East, pp. 154-174,
667:
Goetze, Albrecht", "Hittite
Historical Texts", Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament with Supplement, edited by James B. Pritchard, Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 318-319,
548:
S. Jakob, "Zwischen
Integration und Ausgrenzung. Nichtassyrer im mittelassyrischen 'Westreich'", In: W.H. Van Soldt (ed.), Ethnicity in Ancient Mesopotamia. RAI 48, Istanbul, pp. 181-188, 2005
802:
W Mayer, "Taide Oder
Wassukanni? Name und Lage der Hauptstadt Mitannis", in Ugarit-Forschungen. Internationales Jahrbuch für die Altertumskunde Syrien-Palästinas, vol. 18, pp. 231-236, 1986
696:
Ristvet, L. and Weiss, H., :The Hābūr region in the late third and early second millennium BC. In: W. Orthmann (ed.), The History and Archaeology of Syria I (Saarbrücken), pp. 1–26, 2005
658:
Crasso, Daniela, "The Region of the Upper Euphrates: The Hittite Perspective", Entre les fleuves–I. Untersuchungen zur historischen Geographie Obermesopotamiens im 2, pp. 211-231, 2009
805:
A. Moortgat, "Arch. Forschungen der Max Freiherr von Oppenheim-Stiftung im nordlichen Mesopotamien ",Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen 62, 1957
449:
284: ?) and Suta (on the lower Batman-Su ?) and then returns to the Euphrates and Halpa then "Piyasilis and Mattiwaza pass "Irrite and Harran" then wait in Irrite (
687:
Köroğlu, K., "Yeni kazı ve yüzey bulguları işığında Diyarbakır. Üçtepe ve çevresinin yeni Assur dönemi tarihi coğrafyası, Türk tarih kurumu yayınları 5, 45, Ankara, 1998
715:
Devecchi, Elena, "Details That Make the Difference: The Akkadian Manuscripts of the 'Šattiwaza Treaties.'", Die Welt Des Orients, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 72–95, 2018
559:
Allan Dobel, "Neutron Activation Analysis and the Location of Waššukanni", Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Orientalia, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 375–82, 1977
366:
512:
Parrot André. Barthel Hrouda, "Waššukanni, Urkiš, Śubat-Enlil", dans MDOG, 90 (janvier 1958) In: Syria. Tome 37 fascicule 1-2, pp. 191-192, 1960
382:
358:
649:
Goetze, Albrecht", On the Chronology of the Second Millennium B. C. (Concluded)", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 63–73, 1957
374:
281:
724:
Grayson, Albert Kirk, "Assyrian Royal Inscriptions: From the beginning to Ashur-resha-ishi I", Vol. 1. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1972
261:. This position was supported by M. Oppenheim and more recently by others. A neutron activation comparison with clay from relevant
846:
734:
461:
457:
583:
498:
841:
404:
337:–1322 BC) in the first years of his reign, whose treaty inscription relates that he installed a Hurrian vassal king,
156:
399:
813:. Vol. III: From the Hyksos to the Late Second Millennium BC. New York: Oxford Academic. pp. 455–528.
776:
530:
Max Freiherr von Oppenheim, "Der Tell Halaf, Eine neue Kultur im ältesten Mesopotamien", F. A. Brockhaus, 1931
569:
266:
237:
The precise location of Waššukanni is unknown with most suggestions being in the general area defined by the
640:
Bonatz, Dominik, "Middle Assyrian Seal Motifs from Tell Fekheriye (Syria)", Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2021
378:
809:
von Dassow, Eva (2022). "Mittani and Its Empire". In Karen Radner; Nadine Moeller; D. T. Potts (eds.).
349:
around 1290 BC, and became an Assyrian provincial capital for a time before disappearing from history.
17:
788:
836:
304:
573:
539:
E. Cancik-Kirschbaum, "Die Mittelassyrischen Briefe aus Tall Šēḫ Hamad", BATSH 4, Berlin, 1996
557:
476:
8:
818:
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250:
314:
The large and relatively recently found, site of Koçlu Tepe has also been proposed.
814:
484:
414:
220:
145:
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108:
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280:, within the bend of the Euphrates), Alse (upper Tigris valley), Kutmar (on the
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273:
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182:
93:
489:
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tablets appeared to rule out Tell Fakhariya. This idea was also rejected by
73:
61:
37:
744:
481:
Contacts of Languages and Peoples in the Hittite and Post-Hittite World
370:
362:
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254:
323:
166:
288:) before coming to Waššukanni. This would suggest a location near
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41:
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Studies of the Ancient World 12, Berlin/Boston, pp. 61-84, 2014
289:
285:
262:
85:
77:
65:
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D. Opitz, "Die Lage von Wassugganni", ZA 37, pp. 299-301, 1927
409:
258:
49:
45:
474:
311:
in Diyarbakır Province in Turkey) have also been proposed.
186:
89:
81:
53:
575:
The Aramaeans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion
97:
432:
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224:
143:
121:
735:"New tent city for displaced people from Serêkaniyê"
214:
192:
427:
249:located it under the largely unexcavated mound of
367:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
828:
568:
383:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
322:Waššukanni is known to have been sacked by the
475:Cotticelli-Kurras, P.; Pisaniello, V. (2023),
241:, a tributary of the Euphrates River, and the
173:, from around 1500 BC to the 13th century BC.
245:in the upper Jezirah of Syria. A proposal by
562:
811:The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East
198:
808:
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185:origin, and its original form was likely
27:Capital of the Hurrian kingdom of Mitanni
31:
774:
436:
14:
829:
477:"Indo-Aryans in the Ancient Near East"
462:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
458:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
213:, to which was added the Indic suffix
578:. Peeters Publishers. p. 120.
341:. The city was sacked again by the
24:
819:10.1093/oso/9780190687601.003.0029
272:On his way to conquer Waššukanni,
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454:Text Corpus of Middle Assyrian
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276:passed through Isuwa (east of
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1:
847:Lost ancient cities and towns
450:"Waššukanni [1] (SN)"
420:
385:, is named after Waššukanni.
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191:, composed of the Indic term
678:Oxbow Books, pp. 29–46, 2002
483:, Brill, pp. 332–345 ,
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181:The name Waššukanni is of
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842:Bronze Age sites in Syria
490:10.1163/9789004548633_014
361:refugee camp, built near
352:
165:) was the capital of the
369:to house inhabitants of
157:Middle Assyrian Akkadian
789:University of Würzburg
301:
295:In the original text:
101:
100:, from north to south.
297:
35:
775:Kryszeń, A. (2023).
40:showing Waššukanni,
785:University of Mainz
747:. 24 November 2019
219:, followed by the
102:
740:Firat News Agency
585:978-90-429-0859-8
500:978-90-04-54863-3
303:Tell Farfara and
251:Tell el Fakhariya
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16:(Redirected from
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328:Suppiluliuma I
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309:Üçtepe, Bismil
274:Suppiluliuma I
247:Dietrich Opitz
243:Jaghjagh River
234:
231:
183:Old Indo-Aryan
178:
175:
136:𒌷𒉿𒀸𒉻𒂵𒀭𒉌
94:Charax Spasinu
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792:. Retrieved
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777:"Waššukanni"
749:. Retrieved
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305:Üçtepe Höyük
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239:Khabur River
236:
180:
162:𒌷𒀾𒋗𒅗𒀭𒉌
152:
114:𒌷𒌑𒀸𒋗𒅗𒉌
104:
103:
29:
371:Serê Kaniyê
335: 1344
169:kingdom of
38:Mesopotamia
831:Categories
421:References
339:Shattiwaza
255:Tell Halaf
197:, meaning
188:*Vasukanni
148:Waššuganni
105:Waššukanni
18:Washukanni
751:16 August
379:displaced
330:(reigned
282:Batman-Su
177:Etymology
153:Aššukanni
126:Waššukani
36:A map of
572:(2000).
389:See also
359:Waşokanî
343:Assyrian
324:Hittites
233:Location
794:18 June
764:Sources
395:Mitanni
381:by the
365:in the
318:History
278:Malatya
253:, near
223:suffix
221:Hurrian
202:
171:Mitanni
167:Hurrian
131:Hittite
109:Hittite
70:Babylon
58:Palmyra
42:Nineveh
745:Hesekê
582:
497:
375:Zirgan
363:Hesekê
353:Legacy
326:under
307:(near
290:Mardin
286:Irridu
263:Amarna
129:; and
86:Lagash
78:Nippur
66:Sippar
410:Taite
345:king
259:Syria
151:) or
50:Assur
46:Hatra
796:2024
753:2022
706:2020
668:1995
631:2015
611:2013
601:2018
580:ISBN
495:ISBN
373:and
226:-nni
216:-ka-
208:good
199:lit.
194:vasu
96:and
90:Uruk
82:Isin
74:Kish
62:Mari
54:Nuzi
815:doi
485:doi
257:in
146:ᵁᴿᵁ
124:ᵁᴿᵁ
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
