148:
280:
1687:
Wariʼ has both verbal and nominal inflectional clitics, which are analysed as such and not affixes for a few reasons. Verbal inflectional clitics can occur as whole utterances as responses, as the referent is clear from the previous statement. They also do not undergo the phonological processes that
1901:
to the verb are indicated by the agreement affixes which form the verbal inflectional clitics, where the subject affix precedes the one for the object. A third person object or subject can either be overtly marked or just referenced in the inflectional clitic, first and second person can only be
2089:
For a sentence to be a COMP sentence, it must have a COMP word in the initial position, an inflectional morpheme closely following which gives information about tense, mood, and sometimes gender, and a tenseless verbal inflectional clitic following the verb.
1691:
Verbal inflectional clitics are inflected for person, number, tense, third person gender (only if tenseless), voice, and contain both the subject and the object of the verb. Where there is more than one object, the clitic represents one object based on the
1828:
Progressive assimilation occurs over morpheme boundaries between nasal consonants or diphthongs and voiceless stops. This type of assimilation is optional but common in normal speech, however does not seem to appear in careful speech:
751:(a sequence of the voiced alveolar nasal followed the voiced alveolar stop) syllable initially, most frequently before /a/ but also before other vowels. The tendency to realise it as a sequence is greater if the syllable is stressed.
1210:
The final syllable of words in major lexical categories is stressed. The verb tends to take the primary stress, with secondary stress on the others. However, emphasis of a particular word can cause transfer of the primary stress.
730:(a sequence of the bilabial nasal followed by the voiced bilabial stop) syllable initially, most frequently before /a/ but also before other vowels. The tendency to realise it as a sequence is greater if the syllable is stressed.
811:
when front and rounded when back until "gaps" in the vowel system have been filled. Although Wariʼ has only six vowels, four of these are close/close-mid front vowels, of which two are rounded (although
351:
None of the segments described below only occur in borrowed words or only in specific word classes. There are some sounds not listed which are only used in onomatopoeia and can violate the usual
3422:
or verbal inflectional clitics containing the object. However this latter option does not always distinguish definiteness, as indefinite objects can also be marked in the inflectional clitics.
2074:
A verb can have up to four arguments, but it is uncommon to express more than one at a time. Instances of three or more arguments being expressed usually only come from elicited examples.
1159:. These have been analysed as single sounds, but apparently only to avoid complicating syllable structure. If these are separate phonemes, these clusters only occur word finally.
1725:
Regressive assimilation occurs at morpheme boundaries involving consonants, where the consonant of the suffix causes a change in the consonant of the stem. This happens when
941:
Vowel nasalisation occurs on diphthongs only; the few which are not nasalised all end in /i/. The following diphthongs occur in the Oro Nao dialect: , , , , , , , , .
1688:
is expected if they were suffixes to the main verb, for instance they do not take the primary stress, which the possessive suffixes do when they attach to xiʼ nouns.
1186:), including in polysyllabic words. There is a correlation between words that begin in Oro Nao and words that begin in other dialects. For example, 'water' is
1148:. Consonant clusters are rare: /n/ is the only first segment found, and /t/, /k/ and /t͡ʃ/ are the only second segments found in non-compound words.
326:
1880:
If the input vowels are identical, the output vowel is identical (this only occurs with /i/+/i/ in the corpus collected by
Everett and Kern (1997)).
2082:
COMP sentences are referred to as such by
Everett and Kern (1997) because their initial position is occupied by what they refer to as a COMP or
4018:
4150:
367:. It is a relatively large inventory by Lowland Amazonian standards. The angled brackets represent the spellings associated with each sound.
816:
is uncommon). Non-native speakers have marked difficulty in distinguishing these front vowels, that contrast with only a single back vowel
803:
Wariʼ has one of the world's most asymmetrical vowel systems. Vowels are generally expected to be somewhat evenly distributed in the
632:
3972:
Mily
Crevels (2012). Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock is Ticking In Lyle Campbell & Verónica Grondona. (Eds.).
1144:
The basic syllable in Wari' is CV(C), but suffixes can be of the form VC, VCVC or V. Only stops and nasals can occur in syllable
1056:
1048:
971:
1647:'break' (plural). About a third of plural forms are derived by each of these types of reduplication, and the final third by
1194:
in other dialects. Loss of this initial syllable is a potential explanation of why these words have variants that break the
1181:
609:
170:
3639:
4011:
3990:
1085:
4143:
1737:
inflect for third person masculine or feminine, as the /k/ in the suffix causes the /y/ in the stem to become /ts/:
4255:
704:
531:
1122:
887:
160:
1035:
1009:
1001:
677:. In some dialects it is a separate phoneme; however, only about 24 words contain the sound, some of which are
5016:
5003:
RPP:realis past/present MF:masculine or feminine INFL:inflection S:subject EMPH:emphasis COMP:complementizer
4004:
1114:
897:
767:
1491:
nouns have alternate forms which cannot be possessed. To signify possession of these forms, the inalienable
4136:
1093:
1077:
907:
134:
1156:
1152:
817:
813:
654:
3123:
979:
963:
858:
566:
4270:
1173:
925:
597:
473:
463:
3634:
4868:
1894:
1179:
1171:
1163:
1130:
1128:
1120:
1112:
1091:
1083:
1075:
1054:
1046:
1033:
1007:
999:
977:
969:
961:
868:
765:
744:
723:
702:
4858:
1394:
that inflect for person, number and third person gender. These are used to show possession of a non-
1162:
In the Oro Nao dialect, many consonants alternate with at the beginning of monosyllabic words, and
4894:
4406:
1715:
1509:) with the third person masculine singular ending must be used. The nonpossessed form of the noun (
1267:
1224:
524:
363:
The Oro Nao dialect of Wariʼ as described by
Everett & Kern (1997) has the following consonant
305:
217:
means "we!" in the Wariʼ language and is the term given to the language and tribe by its speakers.
4517:
4889:
4623:
4199:
4178:
3265:
verb, so sentences that would use this instead have what would be the adjective become the verb.
485:
4502:
1898:
1263:
385:
322:
1838:
Coalescence is the most common assimilatory process, which is often accompanied by regressive
4744:
2086:
word. These give the sentence – or a variable in the sentence – a particular interpretation.
1599:
is used to mark aspect. Plural forms are derived by partial reduplication of the CV from the
1387:
666:
436:
426:
4469:
4245:
208:
4899:
4873:
4688:
4421:
4173:
4027:
3262:
1600:
669:, and is only reported from four other languages. In Oro Nao, this has been analysed as an
196:
77:
4803:
4752:
4658:
4532:
1603:
syllable. This can either be a CV(CV) pattern, (where the second is optional) usually for
8:
4757:
4663:
4497:
4391:
4159:
4853:
4798:
4678:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4353:
4348:
4285:
4925:
4711:
4643:
4633:
4552:
4449:
4305:
4237:
4039:
3933:
3609:
1719:
1515:) cannot be used with the third person masculine singular nominal inflectional clitic.
1006:
before all stops other than , and in unstressed syllables in harmony with /e/ becoming
746:
725:
375:
331:
4823:
4778:
4762:
4618:
4547:
4537:
4512:
4411:
4376:
4300:
126:
4960:
4915:
4808:
4577:
4562:
4557:
4507:
4459:
4363:
4310:
4280:
4275:
4260:
4102:
1632:
1497:
counterparts must be used. For example, to convey the meaning 'his bone or leg', the
1220:
658:
397:
200:
4788:
4638:
4600:
4542:
4315:
2928:
1865:
The output vowel will have the height of the highest vowel of the two input vowels:
166:
4985:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4793:
4783:
4696:
4610:
4567:
4527:
4454:
4444:
4436:
4416:
4401:
4381:
4325:
4295:
4250:
4211:
4194:
4083:
4046:
3925:
380:
4338:
4265:
4053:
3245:
speak distractedly 1P.EXCL:RPP COMP INFL:NRPP die:P 3P.F siblings-1P.EXCL REM:PAST
4990:
4980:
4955:
4935:
4920:
4833:
4828:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4673:
4653:
4628:
4522:
4492:
4426:
4396:
4371:
4343:
4290:
4094:
4077:
4059:
3946:
3909:
1893:
in Wariʼ is deemed to be VOS, although it is uncommon to have multiple expressed
1846:
If one of the two vowels is a back vowel, the output vowel will be a back vowel:
1707:
1604:
1145:
881:
709:, with a tendency to surface as more before unrounded vowels than rounded ones.
420:
392:
69:
4585:
139:
50:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4863:
4818:
4813:
4719:
4595:
4386:
4216:
4119:
4070:
4064:
3913:
3895:
2083:
1701:
GOAL>CIRCUMSTANCE>THEME>BENEFACTIVE>COMITATIVE>LOCATION>TIME.
1198:
rules. However, these generalisations do not always hold; for instance 'thorn'
662:
624:
3587:
5010:
4668:
4333:
3419:
1839:
1693:
1596:
1244:
nouns (named as such because their citation form ends with the suffix /-xiʼ/)
808:
576:
495:
407:
295:
3950:
4590:
3415:
1195:
1165:
678:
505:
352:
315:
3193:
1842:. There are three principles which guide the output of vowel coalescence.
1718:
process – regressive (or anticipatory), progressive (or preservative) and
110:
3986:
851:
828:
804:
673:
of /t/ that only occurs before /o/ and /y/ which does not occur in every
587:
1359:, especially when following stems that ends in the vowel , for instance
40:
3996:
3592:
1890:
1648:
1592:
1090:
in unstressed syllables when the vowel in the stressed syllable is not
918:
833:
147:
4128:
3974:
The indigenous languages of south america : A comprehensive guide
3937:
3899:
807:, not bunched into a corner. Additionally, vowels are expected to be
4648:
1419:
1356:
1289:
670:
550:
518:
119:
103:
3929:
1659:
Reduplication of nouns can derive names or descriptive terms. Thus
674:
178:
976:
in unstressed syllables if the vowel in the following syllable is
204:
4206:
457:
364:
174:
193:
Orowari, Wari, Pacaá Novo, Pacaás Novos, Pakaa Nova, Pakaásnovos
4930:
2093:
Here is a list of the COMP words found in the Oro Nao dialect.
1391:
1032:
is because the in the stressed syllable causes /e/ to become
30:
3861:
1349:-in (only nouns referring to humans trigger number agreement)
3880:
3878:
3876:
3851:
3849:
3660:
3834:
3750:
3738:
3704:
3702:
3689:
3687:
1722:
This mainly occurs across word-initial morpheme boundaries.
3873:
3846:
1679:) means 'legendary character who has enlarged testicles'.
681:. It also is used more by older speakers of the language.
177:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
3822:
3810:
3798:
3786:
3774:
3762:
3726:
3699:
3684:
3672:
3650:
3648:
1119:
is a rare segment and for some speakers is evolving into
3714:
3418:
or indefiniteness can be expressed by either the use of
1835:'Where is my father?' can be pronounced as either or .
3944:
3645:
1631:' 'eat' (plural). A CVrV pattern is usually used for
3242:
Tomi' xaxa' 'urut pain ca cono' cacama xuruxut pane.
3901:Wariʼ: The Pacaas Novos language of western Brazil
1053:before nasals, and in harmony with a /e/ becoming
3102:
3019:
2909:
2784:
2693:
2610:
2524:
2438:
2431:
2332:
2325:
2211:
2204:
2113:
1830:
1732:
1726:
1670:
1660:
1642:
1636:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1395:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1223:, which has almost no verbal inflection but many
1151:Wariʼ has words ending in the consonant clusters
1102:
1065:
1027:
1018:
988:
787:
754:
733:
712:
321:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
212:
5008:
3908:
195:) is the sole remaining vibrant language of the
3635:Fonotática e Fonologia do Lexema Protochapacura
3182:
3061:
2953:
2849:
2726:
2566:
2480:
1874:
1706:
199:of the Brazilian–Bolivian border region of the
3536:
3528:
3487:
3479:
3438:
3377:
3329:
3281:
3079:
2899:COMP N this:N INFL:NRPP speak 3S.M-3P.M M:name
2867:
2761:
2747:
2587:
2501:
2408:
2341:
2315:COMP man INFL:MF:RPP go:S 3S:RPP-3N place:name
2290:
2220:
2181:
2058:
2040:
2004:
1957:
1921:
1855:
1769:
1676:
1666:
1561:
1524:
4144:
4012:
3559:
3009:COMP INFL:NRPP person 1P.INCL this:N REC:PAST
2386:
2265:
2159:
3319:
3218:
3203:
3150:
3114:
2971:
2875:
2796:
2670:
2447:
2298:
3916:(1996). "The status of phonetic rarities".
3894:
3884:
3867:
3855:
3840:
3828:
3816:
3804:
3792:
3780:
3768:
3756:
3744:
3732:
3720:
3708:
3693:
3678:
3666:
3654:
3626:
3532:
3483:
3442:
3402:
3381:
3354:
3333:
3306:
3285:
3158:
2765:
2412:
2390:
2294:
2269:
2185:
2163:
2044:
2008:
1961:
1925:
203:. It has about 2,700 speakers, also called
4151:
4137:
4019:
4005:
3955:Fieldwork Studies of Targeted Languages IV
152:Location of the Chapacuran Language family
146:
3232:
2996:
1557:
1170:always precedes word initial semivowels (
1040:and the preceding ones change in harmony.
684:
228:Wariʼ dialects listed by Angenot (1997):
16:Chapacuran language of Brazil and Bolivia
4026:
3945:MacEachern, Margaret R.; Kern, Barbara;
3540:
3491:
3248:'We are sad because our brothers died.'
3222:
3154:
2975:
2889:
2879:
2871:
2591:
2505:
2224:
1971:
1773:
1565:
1528:
1202:is pronounced the same in all dialects.
4158:
3207:
3083:
3012:'But/because we are people (Indians).'
2751:
2674:
2345:
171:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
5009:
3168:
3047:
2939:
2814:
2712:
2638:
2552:
2466:
2364:
2243:
2145:
4132:
4000:
2986:
2835:
2824:
2652:
1235:Wariʼ has two main classes of nouns:
944:
3957:. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics.
3256:
1696:present in the following hierarchy:
273:
207:, who live along tributaries of the
2902:'This is what Xijam said to them.'
13:
3991:Intercontinental Dictionary Series
3581:
3414:Wariʼ does not have any articles.
3236:
3178:
3057:
3000:
2949:
2845:
2722:
2648:
2562:
2476:
2382:
2261:
2155:
311:for transliterated languages, and
291:of its non-English content, using
220:Wariʼ is written in Latin script.
211:river in Western Brazil. The word
14:
5028:
3980:
3632:Angenot, Geralda de Lima (1997).
2421:COMP woman INFL:MF:RPP hot 3S:RPP
2126:
2077:
924:
906:
896:
886:
867:
857:
631:
608:
596:
575:
565:
530:
523:
504:
494:
484:
472:
462:
435:
425:
3640:Universidade Federal de Rondônia
3511:'I ate (the) fish.' (Ambiguous)
2312:Mon tarama' co mao nain Guajará?
2054:
1581:
1270:of possession marking suffixes.
278:
3409:
3367:
2896:Je 'i ca' ca tomi' cocon Xijam.
2774:COMP INFL:NRPP go:S 3S.F 3S:RPP
2737:
2577:
2491:
2280:
2030:
1994:
1947:
1911:
3602:
3571:'I ate this fish.' (Definite)
355:and phonological constraints.
327:multilingual support templates
1:
3575:
3305:‘The baby is a man (male).’ (
2318:'Which man went to Guajará?'
2194:COMP INFL:MF:RPP speak 3S:RPP
1731:nouns with stems that end in
1230:
1214:
358:
3568:eat 1S:RPP-3S.M fish this:MF
1386:There is also a paradigm of
1139:
784:can become word initially.
269:
7:
3951:"Wariʼ phonetic structures"
3462:'I ate fish.' (Indefinite)
3006:'Ane ca wari' 'iri' ca' ne.
2424:'Which woman has a fever?'
223:
10:
5033:
2805:affirmation/interrogation
2777:'It seems like she went?'
2703:indication of resemblance
2234:interrogation (masculine)
2102:Morphological composition
1682:
1061:in the stressed syllable.
1014:in the stressed syllable.
792:'I am afraid' can be or .
197:Chapacuran language family
4908:
4882:
4869:Paulista General Language
4846:
4771:
4743:
4710:
4687:
4609:
4576:
4468:
4435:
4362:
4324:
4236:
4227:
4187:
4166:
4113:
4034:
3350:smallness-3N 3S:RPP house
3092:COMP INFL:NRPP speak 3S.F
2355:interrogation (feminine)
1884:
1714:Wariʼ has three types of
1478:
1450:
1439:
1423:
1415:
1405:
1348:
1320:
1309:
1293:
1285:
1275:
1205:
827:
825:
798:
717:'he is thin' can be or .
522:
396:
391:
384:
379:
374:
372:
157:
145:
133:
117:
101:
96:
66:
56:
46:
36:
26:
21:
3898:; Kern, Barbara (1997).
3614:www.native-languages.org
2683:COMP INFL:IRR sleep 3P.F
2600:COMP INFL:NRPP go:S 3S.M
2514:COMP INFL:NRPP go:S 3S.M
1822:ear {} 3S.M {} {his ear}
1654:
1586:
738:'its filth' can be or .
4179:Brazilian Sign Language
3885:Everett & Kern 1997
3868:Everett & Kern 1997
3856:Everett & Kern 1997
3841:Everett & Kern 1997
3829:Everett & Kern 1997
3817:Everett & Kern 1997
3805:Everett & Kern 1997
3793:Everett & Kern 1997
3781:Everett & Kern 1997
3769:Everett & Kern 1997
3757:Everett & Kern 1997
3745:Everett & Kern 1997
3733:Everett & Kern 1997
3721:Everett & Kern 1997
3709:Everett & Kern 1997
3694:Everett & Kern 1997
3679:Everett & Kern 1997
3667:Everett & Kern 1997
3655:Everett & Kern 1997
3598:(subscription required)
3353:‘The house is small.’ (
3103:
3020:
2910:
2785:
2694:
2611:
2525:
2457:interrogation (neuter)
2439:
2432:
2418:Mam narima' co xain na?
2333:
2326:
2212:
2205:
2114:
1831:
1733:
1727:
1671:
1661:
1643:
1637:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1396:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1266:, and therefore have a
1258:
1249:
1240:
1103:
1066:
1028:
1019:
989:
788:
755:
734:
713:
213:
3401:‘The child is fast.’ (
3261:Wariʼ does not have a
1902:marked by the clitic.
1877:' = tucum 'their eyes'
1669:) means 'talker', and
1225:derivational processes
1127:in open syllables and
759:'my head' can be or .
685:Consonant Alternations
159:This article contains
4874:Portunhol fronteiriço
3638:. M.A. dissertation,
3565:Cao' 'inon hwam cwa'.
3357:‘The house smalls.’)
1595:at all on verbs, but
1264:inalienably possessed
1192:⟨'acom⟩
490:⟨c, qu⟩
265:Wari’-Oro Kao Oro Aje
243:Wari’-Oro Waram Xijen
5017:Chapacuran languages
4028:Chapacuran languages
3904:. London: Routledge.
3508:eat 1S:RPP-3S.M fish
3405:‘The child fasts.’)
3095:'What did she say?'
3089:Cain' ca tomi' cama?
1029:hwerehwet mama' nana
777:⟨maji⟩
289:specify the language
287:This article should
4160:Languages of Brazil
3398:fast:S 3S:RPP child
2771:'Ac ca mao cama na.
2686:'If they slept...'
2680:Mo xi pi'am cacama.
2517:'Where did he go?'
2197:'Who is speaking?'
2067:go:S 1S:RPP EMPH:1S
1219:Wariʼ is a largely
1188:⟨com⟩
1023:is because of the
4624:Gavião of Jiparaná
4188:Regional languages
3870:, p. 111-112.
3669:, p. 230-231.
3347:Wijimain na xirim.
3309:‘The baby mans.’)
3299:Tamara' na' pije'.
3031:that neuter distal
1981:go:S 3S:RPP M:name
1708:Morphophonological
1633:intransitive verbs
1577:'his bone or leg'
1540:'his bone or leg'
1503:form of the noun (
1200:⟨pi⟩
945:Vowel Alternations
581:⟨hw⟩
500:⟨cw⟩
4999:
4998:
4842:
4841:
4528:Laklãnõ (Xokléng)
4167:Official language
4126:
4125:
4120:extinct languages
3596:(18th ed., 2015)
3257:Copular Sentences
3254:
3253:
2929:contraexpectation
2791:emphatic pronoun
2622:list presentation
2603:'He did not go.'
2108:Example sentence
1891:constituent order
1702:
1483:
1482:
1353:
1352:
1221:analytic language
939:
938:
930:⟨a⟩
912:⟨o⟩
902:⟨ö⟩
892:⟨e⟩
873:⟨u⟩
863:⟨i⟩
701:/t͡ʃ/ can become
659:trilled affricate
652:
651:
637:⟨r⟩
614:⟨w⟩
602:⟨j⟩
571:⟨h⟩
536:⟨x⟩
510:⟨'⟩
478:⟨t⟩
468:⟨p⟩
441:⟨n⟩
431:⟨m⟩
349:
348:
329:may also be used.
248:Southern dialects
232:Northern dialects
185:
184:
167:rendering support
163:phonetic symbols.
62:2,700 (2006)
5024:
4234:
4233:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4130:
4129:
4021:
4014:
4007:
3998:
3997:
3976:. (pp. 167-234).
3962:
3947:Ladefoged, Peter
3941:
3910:Ladefoged, Peter
3905:
3888:
3882:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3853:
3844:
3843:, p. 54-55.
3838:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3759:, p. 43-44.
3754:
3748:
3747:, p. 47-48.
3742:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3697:
3691:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3643:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3585:
3561:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3505:Cao' 'inon hwam.
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3444:
3440:
3404:
3383:
3379:
3369:
3356:
3335:
3331:
3321:
3308:
3302:man 3S:RPP child
3287:
3283:
3238:
3234:
3224:
3220:
3209:
3205:
3195:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3085:
3081:
3063:
3059:
3049:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3023:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2977:
2973:
2955:
2951:
2941:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2913:
2891:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2826:
2816:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2749:
2739:
2728:
2724:
2714:
2697:
2676:
2672:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2614:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2528:
2507:
2503:
2493:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2435:
2414:
2410:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2366:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2329:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2282:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2245:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2208:
2191:Ma' co tomi' na?
2187:
2183:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2096:
2095:
2064:*Mao 'ina wata'.
2060:
2056:
2046:
2042:
2032:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1973:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1876:
1857:
1834:
1775:
1771:
1736:
1730:
1700:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1664:
1646:
1641:'break' (intr),
1640:
1630:
1624:
1619:'cut' (plural);
1618:
1612:
1605:transitive verbs
1567:
1563:
1559:
1530:
1526:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1355:Some forms have
1273:
1272:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1169:
1158:
1154:
1134:
1126:
1118:
1106:
1097:
1089:
1081:
1069:
1060:
1052:
1039:
1031:
1026:'they went out'
1022:
1013:
1005:
992:
987:'it is rocking'
983:
975:
967:
957:
956:
952:
931:
928:
913:
910:
903:
900:
893:
890:
874:
871:
864:
861:
823:
822:
819:
815:
791:
778:
771:
758:
750:
737:
729:
716:
708:
697:
696:
692:
656:
638:
635:
615:
612:
603:
600:
582:
579:
572:
569:
537:
534:
527:
511:
508:
501:
498:
491:
488:
479:
476:
469:
466:
442:
439:
432:
429:
370:
369:
344:
341:
335:
320:
314:
310:
304:
300:
294:
282:
281:
274:
216:
150:
129:
113:
106:
72:
19:
18:
5032:
5031:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4904:
4878:
4838:
4767:
4739:
4706:
4683:
4605:
4572:
4464:
4431:
4358:
4320:
4229:
4223:
4183:
4162:
4157:
4127:
4122:
4109:
4030:
4025:
3983:
3967:Further reading
3914:Everett, Daniel
3896:Everett, Daniel
3891:
3883:
3874:
3866:
3862:
3854:
3847:
3839:
3835:
3827:
3823:
3815:
3811:
3803:
3799:
3791:
3787:
3779:
3775:
3767:
3763:
3755:
3751:
3743:
3739:
3731:
3727:
3719:
3715:
3707:
3700:
3692:
3685:
3677:
3673:
3665:
3661:
3653:
3646:
3631:
3627:
3618:
3616:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3573:
3563:
3552:
3544:
3522:
3513:
3503:
3495:
3473:
3464:
3459:eat 1S:RPP fish
3456:Cao' 'ina hwam.
3454:
3446:
3432:
3412:
3407:
3393:
3385:
3371:
3359:
3345:
3337:
3323:
3311:
3297:
3289:
3275:
3259:
3250:
3240:
3226:
3211:
3197:
3186:
3172:
3162:
3144:
3136:
3118:
3113:
3110:
3097:
3087:
3073:
3065:
3051:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3014:
3004:
2990:
2979:
2965:
2957:
2943:
2923:
2921:to be different
2920:
2917:
2904:
2894:
2883:
2861:
2853:
2839:
2828:
2818:
2800:
2795:
2792:
2779:
2769:
2755:
2741:
2730:
2716:
2688:
2678:
2664:
2656:
2642:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2605:
2595:
2581:
2570:
2556:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2519:
2511:Main ca mao ca?
2509:
2495:
2484:
2470:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2426:
2416:
2402:
2394:
2376:
2368:
2350:
2340:
2337:
2320:
2310:
2302:
2284:
2273:
2255:
2247:
2229:
2219:
2216:
2199:
2189:
2175:
2167:
2149:
2131:
2124:
2121:
2080:
2072:
2062:
2048:
2034:
2022:
2012:
1998:
1986:
1984:'Orowao went.'
1976:
1965:
1951:
1939:
1929:
1915:
1887:
1826:
1801:
1785:
1777:
1759:
1751:
1712:
1685:
1657:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1569:
1551:
1542:
1532:
1233:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1191:
1190:in Oro Nao and
1187:
1142:
1135:in closed ones.
958:
954:
950:
948:
947:
929:
911:
901:
891:
872:
862:
801:
776:
698:
694:
690:
688:
687:
636:
613:
601:
580:
570:
535:
509:
499:
489:
477:
467:
440:
430:
387:
361:
345:
339:
336:
330:
318:
312:
308:
306:transliteration
302:
298:
292:
283:
279:
272:
262:Wari’-Oro Jowin
237:Wari’-Oro Waram
226:
191:language (also
165:Without proper
153:
125:
109:
102:
92:
73:
70:Language family
68:
59:
58:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
5030:
5020:
5019:
5001:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4946:Haitian Creole
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4890:Brazilian Sign
4886:
4884:
4883:Sign languages
4880:
4879:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4850:
4848:
4847:Interlanguages
4844:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4749:
4747:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4716:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4615:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4441:
4439:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4368:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4330:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4242:
4240:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4209:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4156:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4133:
4124:
4123:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4099:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4024:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3982:
3981:External links
3979:
3978:
3977:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3942:
3930:10.2307/416103
3924:(4): 794–800.
3906:
3890:
3889:
3887:, p. 149.
3872:
3860:
3858:, p. 111.
3845:
3833:
3821:
3809:
3797:
3785:
3773:
3761:
3749:
3737:
3725:
3713:
3711:, p. 116.
3698:
3696:, p. 115.
3683:
3681:, p. 231.
3671:
3659:
3644:
3625:
3601:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3553:
3545:
3523:
3515:
3514:
3496:
3474:
3466:
3465:
3447:
3433:
3425:
3424:
3420:demonstratives
3411:
3408:
3395:Hwap na pije'.
3386:
3372:
3361:
3360:
3338:
3324:
3313:
3312:
3290:
3276:
3268:
3267:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3227:
3212:
3198:
3187:
3173:
3163:
3145:
3137:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3121:
3107:
3099:
3098:
3074:
3066:
3052:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:interrogation
3036:
3026:demonstrative
3024:
3016:
3015:
2991:
2980:
2966:
2958:
2944:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2926:
2914:
2906:
2905:
2884:
2862:
2854:
2840:
2829:
2819:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2789:
2781:
2780:
2756:
2742:
2731:
2717:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2690:
2689:
2665:
2657:
2643:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2615:
2607:
2606:
2597:'Om ca mao ca.
2582:
2571:
2557:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2529:
2521:
2520:
2496:
2485:
2471:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2436:
2428:
2427:
2403:
2395:
2377:
2369:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2330:
2322:
2321:
2303:
2285:
2274:
2256:
2248:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2209:
2201:
2200:
2176:
2168:
2150:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:interrogation
2134:
2120:demonstrative
2118:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2084:complementizer
2079:
2078:COMP sentences
2076:
2049:
2035:
2024:
2023:
1999:
1988:
1987:
1978:Mao na Orowao.
1966:
1952:
1941:
1940:
1916:
1905:
1904:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1863:
1786:
1778:
1760:
1752:
1740:
1739:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1694:semantic roles
1684:
1681:
1656:
1653:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1574:bone POSS:3S.M
1552:
1544:
1543:
1518:
1517:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1255:
1254:
1245:
1232:
1229:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1024:
996:
995:
994:
946:
943:
937:
936:
934:
932:
922:
915:
914:
904:
894:
884:
878:
877:
875:
865:
855:
848:
847:
844:
841:
837:
836:
831:
826:
800:
797:
796:
795:
794:
793:
782:
781:
780:
762:
761:
760:
741:
740:
739:
720:
719:
718:
686:
683:
665:preceded by a
663:bilabial trill
650:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
629:
627:
621:
620:
618:
616:
606:
604:
594:
592:
590:
584:
583:
573:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
547:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
528:
521:
515:
514:
512:
502:
492:
482:
480:
470:
460:
454:
453:
451:
449:
447:
445:
443:
433:
423:
417:
416:
413:
410:
405:
401:
400:
395:
390:
383:
378:
373:
360:
357:
347:
346:
325:. Knowledge's
286:
284:
277:
271:
268:
267:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
250:
249:
245:
244:
241:
238:
234:
233:
225:
222:
183:
182:
169:, you may see
155:
154:
151:
143:
142:
137:
131:
130:
123:
115:
114:
107:
99:
98:
97:Language codes
94:
93:
91:
90:
89:
88:
82:Wari languages
76:
74:
67:
64:
63:
60:
57:
54:
53:
48:
44:
43:
38:
34:
33:
28:
27:Native to
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5029:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5004:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4434:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4226:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4154:
4149:
4147:
4142:
4140:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4022:
4017:
4015:
4010:
4008:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3886:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3869:
3864:
3857:
3852:
3850:
3842:
3837:
3831:, p. 49.
3830:
3825:
3819:, p. 54.
3818:
3813:
3807:, p. 52.
3806:
3801:
3795:, p. 51.
3794:
3789:
3783:, p. 44.
3782:
3777:
3771:, p. 50.
3770:
3765:
3758:
3753:
3746:
3741:
3735:, p. 47.
3734:
3729:
3723:, p. 43.
3722:
3717:
3710:
3705:
3703:
3695:
3690:
3688:
3680:
3675:
3668:
3663:
3656:
3651:
3649:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3629:
3615:
3611:
3605:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3580:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3556:
3551:
3548:
3543:
3526:
3521:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3494:
3477:
3472:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3445:
3436:
3431:
3428:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3406:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3389:
3384:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3336:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3288:
3279:
3274:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3230:
3225:
3215:
3210:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3185:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3148:
3143:
3140:
3135:
3132:
3127:
3125:
3124:subordination
3122:
3109:prepostition
3108:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3077:
3072:
3069:
3064:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3037:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3003:
2994:
2989:
2983:
2978:
2969:
2964:
2961:
2956:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2882:
2865:
2860:
2857:
2852:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2804:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2759:
2754:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2729:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2668:
2663:
2660:
2655:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2628:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2585:
2580:
2574:
2569:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2542:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2483:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2456:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2406:
2401:
2398:
2393:
2380:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2354:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2301:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2272:
2259:
2254:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2233:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2179:
2174:
2171:
2166:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2135:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2052:
2047:
2038:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1964:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1879:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:vowel harmony
1836:
1833:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1781:
1776:
1767:
1765:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1738:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1689:
1680:
1673:
1672:towira towira
1663:
1662:capija capija
1652:
1650:
1645:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1597:reduplication
1594:
1582:Reduplication
1578:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1555:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1390:inflectional
1389:
1384:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1358:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1203:
1197:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1160:
1149:
1147:
1132:
1124:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1079:
1074:
1068:
1064:'it is numb'
1063:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1003:
997:
991:
986:
985:
981:
973:
965:
960:
959:
953:
942:
935:
933:
927:
923:
920:
917:
916:
909:
905:
899:
895:
889:
885:
883:
880:
879:
876:
870:
866:
860:
856:
853:
850:
849:
845:
842:
839:
838:
835:
832:
830:
824:
821:
810:
806:
790:
786:
785:
783:
774:
773:
769:
763:
757:
753:
752:
748:
742:
736:
732:
731:
727:
721:
715:
711:
710:
706:
700:
699:
693:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
661:made up of a
660:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
634:
630:
628:
626:
623:
622:
619:
617:
611:
607:
605:
599:
595:
593:
591:
589:
586:
585:
578:
574:
568:
564:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
549:
548:
545:
543:
541:
539:
533:
529:
526:
520:
517:
516:
513:
507:
503:
497:
493:
487:
483:
481:
475:
471:
465:
461:
459:
456:
455:
452:
450:
448:
446:
444:
438:
434:
428:
424:
422:
419:
418:
414:
411:
409:
406:
403:
402:
399:
394:
389:
382:
377:
371:
368:
366:
356:
354:
343:
333:
328:
324:
317:
307:
297:
290:
285:
276:
275:
264:
261:
258:
255:
253:Wari’-Oro Não
252:
251:
247:
246:
242:
240:Wari’-Oro Mon
239:
236:
235:
231:
230:
229:
221:
218:
215:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
162:
156:
149:
144:
141:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
122:
121:
116:
112:
108:
105:
100:
95:
87:
84:
83:
81:
80:
79:
75:
71:
65:
61:
55:
52:
49:
45:
42:
39:
35:
32:
29:
25:
20:
5002:
4909:Non-official
4895:Ka'apor Sign
4701:
4478:Akwẽ-Xerénte
4271:Enawenê-Nawê
4115:
4101:
4093:
4088:
4076:
4069:
4052:
4045:
4038:
3987:Pacaas Novos
3973:
3958:
3954:
3921:
3917:
3900:
3863:
3836:
3824:
3812:
3800:
3788:
3776:
3764:
3752:
3740:
3728:
3716:
3674:
3662:
3633:
3628:
3617:. Retrieved
3613:
3604:
3591:
3583:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3557:
3554:
3549:
3546:
3527:
3524:
3519:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3478:
3475:
3470:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3437:
3434:
3429:
3426:
3416:Definiteness
3413:
3410:Definiteness
3400:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3376:
3373:
3365:
3362:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3328:
3325:
3317:
3314:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3280:
3277:
3272:
3269:
3260:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3231:
3228:
3216:
3213:
3202:
3199:
3191:
3188:
3177:
3174:
3167:
3164:
3149:
3146:
3142:distractedly
3141:
3138:
3133:
3130:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3078:
3075:
3070:
3067:
3056:
3053:
3046:
3043:
3011:
3008:
3005:
2995:
2992:
2984:
2981:
2970:
2967:
2962:
2959:
2948:
2945:
2938:
2935:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2888:
2885:
2866:
2863:
2858:
2855:
2844:
2841:
2833:
2830:
2823:
2820:
2813:
2810:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2760:
2757:
2746:
2743:
2735:
2732:
2721:
2718:
2711:
2708:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2669:
2666:
2661:
2658:
2647:
2644:
2637:
2634:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2586:
2583:
2575:
2572:
2561:
2558:
2551:
2548:
2536:to not exist
2516:
2513:
2510:
2500:
2497:
2489:
2486:
2475:
2472:
2465:
2462:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2407:
2404:
2399:
2396:
2381:
2378:
2373:
2370:
2363:
2360:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2289:
2286:
2278:
2275:
2260:
2257:
2252:
2249:
2242:
2239:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2180:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2154:
2151:
2144:
2141:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2053:
2050:
2039:
2036:
2028:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2003:
2000:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1970:
1967:
1956:
1953:
1945:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1920:
1917:
1909:
1906:
1895:constituents
1888:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1837:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1724:
1716:assimilatory
1713:
1690:
1686:
1658:
1591:There is no
1590:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1522:
1519:
1484:
1385:
1354:
1256:
1234:
1218:
1209:
1161:
1150:
1143:
1107:can be or .
1045:/e/ becomes
998:/e/ becomes
993:can be or .
940:
802:
779:can be or .
775:'let's go!'
772:before /i/.
679:onomatopoeic
653:
362:
350:
340:January 2022
337:
323:ISO 639 code
319:}}
313:{{
309:}}
303:{{
299:}}
293:{{
288:
259:Wari’-Oro At
256:Wari’-Oro Eo
227:
219:
209:Pacaas Novos
192:
188:
186:
158:
118:
85:
51:Wariʼ people
4921:Vlax Romani
4900:Terena Sign
4864:Macarrônico
4745:Nambikwaran
4503:Djeoromitxí
2017:go:S 1S:RPP
1937:'He went.'
1934:go:S 3S:RPP
1869:- 'eye' + -
1720:coalescent.
1675:(testicles-
1451:3rd person
1440:2nd person
1416:1st person
1321:3rd person
1310:2nd person
1286:1st person
1196:phonotactic
1101:'its seed'
1082:can become
990:piquirim na
968:can become
805:vowel space
764:can become
743:can become
722:can become
667:dental stop
588:Approximant
353:phonotactic
173:instead of
4859:Lanc-Patuá
4758:Nambikwara
4689:Chapacuran
4664:Tenetehara
4538:Mẽbêngôkre
4498:Chiquitano
4407:Pará Arára
4392:Hixkaryana
4228:Indigenous
4200:Pomeranian
4174:Portuguese
3619:2020-01-28
3593:Ethnologue
3576:References
3318:smallness-
2629:condition
2308:place:name
2099:COMP word
2070:'I went.'
2020:'I went.'
1862:'my house'
1850:'house' +
1649:suppletion
1593:affixation
1571:*'at nucun
1471:nequequem
1454:Masculine
1432:Inclusive
1357:allomorphs
1324:Masculine
1302:Inclusive
1262:nouns are
1231:Possession
1215:Morphology
1067:teteren na
359:Consonants
78:Chapacuran
4926:Hungarian
4649:Nheengatu
4644:Munduruku
4634:Kagwahiva
4553:Rikbaktsa
4450:Kashinawa
4306:Wapishana
4246:Asháninka
4230:languages
4118:indicate
4040:Chapacura
3217:siblings-
2543:negation
2105:Function
2014:Mao 'ina.
1899:arguments
1811:on = tara
1710:Processes
1537:bone-3S.M
1465:Feminine
1420:Exclusive
1408:Singular
1335:Feminine
1290:Exclusive
1278:Singular
1140:Syllables
882:Close-mid
809:unrounded
789:jin' 'ina
671:allophone
551:Fricative
519:Affricate
270:Phonology
120:Glottolog
104:ISO 639-3
47:Ethnicity
5011:Category
4961:Romanian
4916:Japanese
4809:Katawixi
4804:Kanamarí
4753:Mamaindê
4712:Tukanoan
4659:Tapirapé
4558:Tapayúna
4533:Maxakalí
4508:Kaingang
4470:Macro-Jê
4460:Yaminawa
4422:Ye'kuana
4339:Jamamadí
4311:Warekena
4281:Mehinaku
4276:Mapidian
4261:Barawana
4238:Arawakan
4103:Rocorona
3949:(1996).
3918:Language
3315:Wijimain
2305:Guajará?
1897:. Often
1601:stressed
1460:nucucun
1377:becomes
1365:becomes
1268:paradigm
714:xaxi' na
675:idiolect
388:alveolar
376:Bilabial
365:phonemes
224:Dialects
179:Help:IPA
127:wari1268
41:Rondônia
4986:Chinese
4976:Turkish
4971:Tagalog
4966:Russian
4854:Cafundó
4799:Kadiwéu
4794:Irantxe
4784:Arutani
4697:Oro Win
4578:Nadahup
4568:Xavante
4563:Timbira
4518:Kĩsêdjê
4488:Arikapú
4483:Apinajé
4455:Shipibo
4445:Amawaka
4417:Sikiana
4402:Macushi
4382:Bakairi
4364:Cariban
4354:Zuruahá
4349:Paumarí
4296:Tariana
4286:Palikúr
4251:Atorada
4212:Italian
4207:Hunsrik
4116:Italics
4106: ?
4098: ?
4084:Oro Win
4047:Quitemo
3270:Tamara'
3214:xuruxut
2667:cacama.
2440:ma'+-in
2371:narima'
2250:tarama'
2213:ma'+-on
2129::hearer
1968:Orowao.
1931:Mao na.
1832:Mon te?
1799:his ear
1683:Clitics
1665:(mouth-
1644:caracat
1628:cacacao
1625:'eat',
1613:'cut',
1534:'aracon
1520:'aracon
1476:Neuter
1468:nequem
1411:Plural
1392:clitics
1388:nominal
1346:Neuter
1341:-camam
1330:-cocon
1281:Plural
854:(High)
840:Unround
458:Plosive
415:Labial
398:Glottal
332:See why
175:Unicode
4991:Slovak
4981:Korean
4956:Polish
4936:French
4931:Arabic
4834:Xukuru
4829:Ticuna
4824:Pirahã
4779:Aikanã
4772:Others
4763:Sabanê
4735:Wanano
4730:Tuyuca
4725:Tukano
4674:Xipaya
4654:Omagua
4629:Juruna
4619:Akwáwa
4611:Tupian
4548:Panará
4523:Krenak
4513:Karajá
4493:Bororo
4437:Panoan
4427:Waiwai
4412:Salumá
4397:Ikpeng
4377:Apalaí
4372:Amonap
4344:Kulina
4326:Arawan
4301:Terêna
4291:Paresi
4256:Baniwa
4217:Talian
4195:German
4095:Napeca
4078:Wanham
4060:Cumana
3938:416103
3936:
3610:"Wari"
3388:pije'.
3340:xirim.
3292:pije'.
3263:copula
3200:cacama
2963:person
2886:Xijam.
2700:like}
2450:object
2348:object
2334:ma'+-m
2227:object
2051:wata'.
1889:Basic
1885:Syntax
1807:i- + -
1783:
1757:
1506:araxiʼ
1457:nucun
1446:nuhuʼ
1435:nexiʼ
1427:nuxut
1400:noun.
1206:Stress
1017:'day'
949:": -->
921:(Low)
846:Round
843:Round
799:Vowels
735:homiri
689:": -->
655:/t͡ʙ̥/
408:Labial
381:Dental
201:Amazon
189:Wariʼ
37:Region
31:Brazil
4951:Greek
4941:Dutch
4819:Ninam
4814:Kwaza
4789:Guató
4720:Cubeo
4702:Wariʼ
4639:Kaiwá
4601:Nadëb
4596:Kakwa
4543:Ofayé
4387:Carib
4316:Waurá
4089:Wariʼ
4071:Urupa
4065:Itene
3934:JSTOR
3588:Wariʼ
3558:this:
3555:cwa'.
3525:'inon
3498:hwam.
3476:'inon
3449:hwam.
3391:child
3366:fast:
3343:house
3295:child
3229:pane.
3189:cono'
3147:'urut
3139:xaxa'
3134:speak
3131:Tomi'
3076:cama?
3071:speak
3068:tomi'
3044:Cain'
3021:cain'
2985:this:
2968:'iri'
2960:wari'
2916:verb
2892::name
2864:cocon
2859:speak
2856:tomi'
2834:this:
2662:sleep
2659:pi'am
2617:verb
2531:verb
2374:woman
2173:speak
2170:tomi'
2125:that:
2001:'ina.
1974::name
1848:xiri-
1655:Nouns
1616:wawac
1587:Verbs
1554:nucun
1523:bone-
1485:Most
1479:nein
1380:-quem
1338:-cam
1327:-con
1316:-huʼ
1305:-xiʼ
1297:-xut
1253:nouns
1184:]
1180:[
1176:]
1172:[
1168:]
1164:[
1146:codas
1133:]
1129:[
1125:]
1121:[
1117:]
1113:[
1104:tocoi
1096:]
1092:[
1088:]
1084:[
1080:]
1076:[
1059:]
1055:[
1051:]
1047:[
1038:]
1034:[
1012:]
1008:[
1004:]
1000:[
982:]
978:[
974:]
970:[
966:]
962:[
852:Close
829:Front
770:]
766:[
749:]
745:[
728:]
724:[
707:]
703:[
657:is a
421:Nasal
412:Plain
404:Plain
393:Velar
386:Post-
214:wariʼ
205:Wariʼ
140:Wari'
86:Wariʼ
22:Wariʼ
4679:Zo'é
4669:Xeta
4334:Deni
4266:Baré
4054:Torá
3550:fish
3547:hwam
3517:Cao'
3501:fish
3468:Cao'
3452:fish
3435:'ina
3427:Cao'
3403:lit.
3363:Hwap
3355:lit.
3307:lit.
3237:PAST
3223:EXCL
3192:die:
3183:NRPP
3179:INFL
3169:COMP
3165:pain
3155:EXCL
3104:pain
3062:NRPP
3058:INFL
3048:COMP
3001:PAST
2976:INCL
2954:NRPP
2950:INFL
2940:COMP
2936:'Ane
2911:'ane
2850:NRPP
2846:INFL
2815:COMP
2744:cama
2727:NRPP
2723:INFL
2713:COMP
2649:INFL
2639:COMP
2567:NRPP
2563:INFL
2553:COMP
2481:NRPP
2477:INFL
2467:COMP
2463:Main
2433:main
2397:xain
2383:INFL
2365:COMP
2287:nain
2262:INFL
2244:COMP
2156:INFL
2146:COMP
2127:PROX
2055:EMPH
2037:'ina
2026:*Mao
1867:toco
1860:xuru
1858:' =
1803:tara
1788:tara
1742:tara
1622:cao'
1558:POSS
1549:bone
1546:*'at
1443:nem
1374:-cam
1371:and
1368:-cun
1362:-con
1247:non-
1178:and
1157:/nʔ/
1155:and
1153:/mʔ/
1070:is .
951:edit
919:Open
834:Back
756:wina
691:edit
625:Flap
525:t͡ʙ̥
296:lang
187:The
4591:Hup
4586:Dâw
3926:doi
3590:at
3533:RPP
3520:eat
3484:RPP
3471:eat
3443:RPP
3430:eat
3382:RPP
3334:RPP
3286:RPP
3278:na'
3273:man
3233:REM
3159:RPP
2997:REC
2993:ne.
2982:ca'
2831:ca'
2766:RPP
2758:na.
2736:go:
2733:mao
2709:'Ac
2695:'ac
2653:IRR
2584:ca.
2576:go:
2573:mao
2549:'Om
2526:'om
2498:ca?
2490:go:
2487:mao
2413:RPP
2405:na?
2400:hot
2391:RPP
2361:Mam
2327:mam
2295:RPP
2279:go:
2276:mao
2270:RPP
2253:man
2240:Mon
2206:mon
2186:RPP
2178:na?
2164:RPP
2142:Ma'
2115:ma'
2045:RPP
2029:go:
2009:RPP
1993:go:
1990:Mao
1962:RPP
1946:go:
1943:Mao
1926:RPP
1918:na.
1910:go:
1907:Mao
1749:ear
1734:-ji
1728:xiʼ
1638:cat
1610:wac
1512:'at
1500:xiʼ
1494:xiʼ
1488:xiʼ
1424:ne
1397:xiʼ
1313:-m
1294:-Ø
1259:Xiʼ
1250:xiʼ
1241:xiʼ
1020:xec
818:/o/
814:/ø/
532:t͡ʃ
316:IPA
161:IPA
135:ELP
111:pav
5013::
3959:93
3953:.
3932:.
3922:72
3920:.
3912:;
3875:^
3848:^
3701:^
3686:^
3647:^
3612:.
3560:MF
3537:3S
3529:1S
3488:3S
3480:1S
3439:1S
3378:3S
3374:na
3330:3S
3326:na
3320:3N
3282:3S
3219:1P
3204:3P
3175:ca
3151:1P
3115:3N
3080:3S
3054:ca
2972:1P
2946:ca
2876:3P
2868:3S
2842:ca
2821:'i
2811:Je
2797:3N
2786:je
2762:3S
2748:3S
2719:ca
2671:3P
2645:xi
2635:Mo
2612:mo
2588:3S
2559:ca
2502:3S
2473:ca
2448:3N
2409:3S
2387:MF
2379:co
2342:3S
2299:3N
2291:3S
2266:MF
2258:co
2221:3S
2182:3S
2160:MF
2152:co
2059:1S
2041:1S
2005:1S
1958:3S
1954:na
1922:3S
1875:2S
1871:um
1856:1S
1852:-u
1819:on
1796:on
1770:3S
1766:on
1746:i-
1677:1S
1667:1S
1651:.
1635::
1607::
1562:3S
1525:3S
1383:.
1227:.
1098:.
984:.
820:.
747:nᵈ
726:mᵇ
577:hʷ
496:kʷ
301:,
4152:e
4145:t
4138:v
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3989:(
3961:.
3940:.
3928::
3657:.
3642:.
3622:.
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3539:.
3535:-
3531::
3492:M
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3441::
3380::
3368:S
3332::
3284::
3235::
3221:.
3208:F
3206:.
3194:P
3181::
3157::
3153:.
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3060::
3034:'
3028:'
2999::
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2974:.
2952::
2924:'
2918:'
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2880:M
2878:.
2874:-
2872:M
2870:.
2848::
2836:N
2825:N
2801:'
2793:'
2764::
2752:F
2750:.
2738:S
2725::
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2673:.
2651::
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2619:'
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2444:'
2411::
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2184::
2162::
2158::
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2057::
2043::
2031:S
2007::
1995:S
1972:M
1960::
1948:S
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1912:S
1873:'
1854:'
1817:c
1815:i
1813:x
1809:c
1805:j
1794:c
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1780:=
1774:M
1772:.
1764:c
1762:-
1754:+
1744:j
1566:M
1564:.
1560::
1529:M
1527:.
1182:w
1174:j
1166:ʔ
1131:y
1123:e
1115:ø
1094:o
1086:ʊ
1078:o
1057:ɪ
1049:ɪ
1036:ɛ
1010:ɛ
1002:ɛ
980:i
972:ɪ
964:i
955:]
926:a
908:o
898:ø
888:e
869:y
859:i
768:ʒ
705:ʃ
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633:ɾ
610:w
598:j
567:h
506:ʔ
486:k
474:t
464:p
437:n
427:m
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338:(
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