587:. When courting they will spread their wings, wave their heads, and rap their bills together while braying. Wanderers have a large range of displays from screams and whistles to grunts and bill clapping. They lay one egg that is white, with a few spots, and is about 10 cm (3.9 in) long. They lay between 10 December and 5 January. The nests are large bowls built of grassy vegetation and soil peat, that is 1 meter wide at the base and half a meter wide at the apex. Incubation takes about 11 weeks and both parents are involved. The 11-week incubation period is among the longest of any bird. During the early stages of the chick's development, the parents take turns sitting on the nest while the other searches for food. Later, both adults search for food and visit the chick at irregular intervals. Researchers previously assumed that chicks went without food for the whole winter after a weaning period of roughly 12 to 16 weeks. Later studies disproved this concept, as chicks were found to be feeding during this period. They are a
604:
477:, adult male snowy albatrosses averaged 10.92 kg (24.1 lb) while adult females averaged 8.87 kg (19.6 lb). Another sampling of adult body masses from the same colony found males to average 11.09 kg (24.4 lb) and females to average 9.1 kg (20 lb). Immature birds have been recorded weighing as much as 16.1 kg (35 lb) during their first flights (at which time they may still have fat reserves that will be shed as they continue to fly). On South Georgia, fledglings were found to average 10.9 kg (24 lb). Albatrosses from outside the "snowy" wandering albatross group (
458:, adults averaged 3.05 m (10 ft 0 in) in wingspan. The longest-winged specimens have been about 3.7 m (12 ft 2 in). Two specimens have been reported having wingspans of 4.22 m (13 ft 10 in) and 5.3 m (17 ft 5 in), but these reports remain unverified. As a result of its large wingspan, it is capable of remaining in the air without flapping its wings for several hours at a time (traveling 22m for every meter of drop). The length of the body is about 107 to 135 cm (3 ft 6 in to 4 ft 5 in) with females being slightly smaller than males.
435:
544:
42:
86:
210:
61:
569:
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Snowy albatrosses travel vast distances to find food, and tend to feed further out in open oceans and in colder waters further south, whereas other albatross such as the related royal albatross tend to forage in somewhat shallower waters and closer to continental shelves. They feed at the surface,
420:
varies with age, with the juveniles starting chocolate brown. As they age they become whiter. The adults have white bodies with black and white wings. Males have whiter wings than females, with just the tips and trailing edges of the wings black. The snowy albatross is the whitest of the wandering
632:
killing them was seen as extremely bad luck. The metaphor of "an albatross around his neck" also comes from the poem and indicates an unwanted burden causing anxiety or hindrance. In the days of sail the bird often accompanied ships for days, not merely following it, but wheeling in wide circles
529:
three times, covering more than 120,000 km (75,000 mi), in one year. Snowy albatrosses spend most of their life in flight, landing only to breed and feed. Distances traveled each year are difficult to measure, but one banded bird was recorded traveling 6,000 km (3,700 mi) in
425:
that is situated above the nasal passage and helps desalinate their bodies, due to the high amount of ocean water that they imbibe. They excrete a high saline solution from their nose, which is a probable cause for the pink-yellow stain seen on some animals' necks.
606:
621:
used to capture the birds for their long wing bones, from which they made tobacco pipe stems. The early explorers of the great
Southern Sea were cheered by the companionship of the albatross in their dreary solitudes, and as shown in
421:
albatross species complex, the other species having a great deal more brown and black on the wings and body, very closely resembling immature wandering albatrosses. The large bill is pink, as are the feet. They also have a
640:
of New
Zealand used albatrosses as a food source. They caught them using baited hooks. Because the wing bones of albatross are light but very strong, Māori used them to make a number of different items including
678:
status. Adult mortality is 5% to 7.8% per year as of 2003. It has an occurrence range of 64,700,000 km (25,000,000 sq mi), although its breeding range is only 1,900 km (730 sq mi).
1991:
469:, males averaged 9.44 kg (20.8 lb) while females averaged 7.84 kg (17.3 lb). However, 10 unsexed adults from the Crozet Islands averaged 9.6 kg (21 lb). On
2565:
996:
1891:
Cherel, Y.; Weimerskirch, H.; Duhamel, G. (1996). "Interactions between longline vessels and seabirds in
Kerguelen water and a method to reduce seabird mortality".
2159:
1983:
2977:
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species, usually for life. Adolescents return to the colony within six years; however, they will not start breeding until 11 to 15 years. About 31.5% of
552:
mainly during daylight hours, and are not well adapted for diving. During flight, speeds of 135 km/h (84 mph) have been recorded. They feed on
1543:
Xavier, J.; Croxall, J.; Trathan, P.; Rodhouse, P. (2003). "Inter-annual variation in the cephalopod component of the diet of the wandering albatross,
1668:"Extreme variation in migration strategies between and within snowy albatross populations during their sabbatical year and their fitness consequences"
317:. It has the greatest known wingspan of any living bird and is also one of the most far-ranging birds. Some individual snowy albatrosses are known to
633:
around it without ever being observed to land on the water. It continued its flight, apparently untired, in tempestuous as well as moderate weather.
1339:
1051:
2952:
2682:
1445:"Heart rate and energy expenditure of incubating wandering albatrosses: basal levels, natural variation, and the effects of human disturbance"
2747:
2249:
2219:
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2364:
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and get caught in the same way as the fish; however, pollution is also taking a toll, mainly from plastics and abandoned fishing hooks. The
470:
2131:
2967:
1390:
694:
of albatrosses around South
Georgia by 99%, and other regional fishing commissions are taking similar measures to reduce fatalities. The
2136:
461:
Adults can weigh from 5.9 to 12.7 kg (13 to 28 lb), although most will weigh 6.35 to 11.91 kg (14.0 to 26.3 lb). On
2370:
1726:
2912:
988:
879:
Schodde, Richard; Tennyson, Alan J.D.; Groth, Jeff G.; Lai, Jonas; Scofield, Paul; Steinheimer, Frank D. (2017). "Settling the name
833:. Vol. 8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp. 113–116, 118–119.
473:, 52 males were found to average 9.11 kg (20.1 lb) while 53 females were found to average 7.27 kg (16.0 lb). On
2656:
782:
2708:
1724:
Endangered seabirds / New fishing techniques undercut an old talisman : Modern mariners pose rising threat to the albatross.
2972:
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2348:
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2034:
1650:
1504:
1430:
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1367:
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863:
838:
2713:
2987:
2962:
2947:
2845:
1590:
Burg, T. M.; Croxall, J. P. (2004). "Global population structure and taxonomy of the wandering albatross species complex".
446:
of any living bird, reaching upwards of 3.5 m (11 ft), with a mean span of 3.1 m (10 ft 2 in) in
17:
2151:
1472:
2957:
2604:
2382:
2097:
373:
for "exile" or "wanderer" referring to its extensive flights. The type locality has been restricted to South
Georgia.
2942:
2937:
2850:
465:, three males averaged 8.4 kg (19 lb) and three females averaged 6.2 kg (14 lb). In parts of the
2982:
2858:
2635:
2752:
2648:
2617:
628:
342:
200:
2932:
2889:
2734:
2453:
560:. The species has been shown to be attracted to fishing vessels, foraging on bait, caught fish, and offal.
2765:
2927:
2695:
2529:
2464:
2394:
2388:
664:
450:. Wingspan measured an average of 3 m (9 ft 10 in) in 123 birds measured off the coast of
2534:
521:, and ranges in all the southern oceans from 28° to 60°. Some individual snowy albatrosses are known to
2922:
2444:
759:
447:
2376:
2338:
1125:
2863:
2785:
2495:
1666:
Weimerskirch, Henri; Delord, Karine; Guitteaud, Audrey; Phillips, Richard A.; Pinet, Patrick (2015).
85:
2760:
1156:
Dunn, Jon L.; Alderfer, Jonathon (2006). "Accidentals, Extinct
Species". In Levitt, Barbara (ed.).
1084:
Sanchez, Gerardo; Salazar, Ryan D.; Hassanalian, Mostafa; Abdelkefi, Abdessattar (8 January 2018).
579:
The snowy albatross mates for life and breeds every other year. At breeding time they occupy loose
451:
314:
2241:
2211:
2181:
2058:"Provisioning Rate and Attendance Patterns of Wandering Albatrosses at Bird Island, South Georgia"
2837:
1065:
Tickell, W.L.N. (2011). "Plumage contamination on
Wandering Albatrosses – an aerodynamic model".
856:
Latin Names
Explained. A Guide to the Scientific Classifications of Reptiles, Birds & Mammals
623:
292:
2824:
1531:
Alternative foraging strategies and resource allocation by male and female wandering albatrosses
1270:
474:
2687:
2503:
2406:
1443:
Weimerskirch, H.; Shaffer, S. A.; Mabille, G.; Martin, J.; Boutard, O.; Rouanet, J. L. (2002).
1027:
2726:
2819:
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502:
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180:
1723:
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2021:, Antarctic Research Series, Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, pp. 1–56,
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1518:
Foraging effort in relation to the constraints of reproduction in free-ranging albatrosses
8:
1222:"Functional significance of sexual dimorphism in Wandering Albatrosses, Diomedea exulans"
736:
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296:
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50:
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1943:
1904:
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1301:
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938:
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1960:
1927:
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1700:
1667:
1623:
1572:
1405:"Encyclopedia of the Antarctic, v. 1 & v. 2. Beau Riffenburgh (Editor). Routledge,
1321:
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1045:
1020:
958:
919:
675:
217:
80:
65:
1358:
Harrison, Colin; Greensmith, Alan (1993). "Non-Passerines". In
Bunting, Edward (ed.).
1086:"Sizing and performance analysis of albatross-inspired tilt-wing unmanned air vehicle"
2917:
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2344:
2323:
2302:
2281:
2077:
2030:
1965:
1912:
1865:
1779:
1705:
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1363:
1313:
1246:
1221:
1197:
1191:
1161:
1131:
1101:
1031:
950:
946:
920:"Global population structure and taxonomy of the wandering albatross species complex"
900:
859:
834:
829:
Robertson, C. J. R. (2003). "Albatrosses (Diomedeidae)". In
Hutchins, Michael (ed.).
711:
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346:
280:
137:
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522:
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318:
261:
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Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds: Ratites to ducks. Vol. 1
2296:
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2101:
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385:
358:
310:
157:
41:
2739:
2622:
2015:"The Biology of the Great Albatrosses, Diomedea Exulahs and Diomedea Epomophora"
682:
The biggest threat to their survival is that they are attracted by the bait for
637:
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526:
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466:
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268:
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three times in one year, covering more than 120,000 km (75,000 mi).
2906:
2721:
2609:
2429:
2127:
2122:
2081:
1928:"Behavioral responses to encounter of fishing boats in wandering albatrosses"
1869:
1783:
1160:(fifth ed.). Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society. p. 467.
745:
338:
196:
70:
2094:
1529:
Weimerskirch, H., Cherel, Y., Cuenot-Chaillet, F., & Ridoux, V. (1997).
1444:
2700:
1969:
1709:
1619:
1468:
1317:
954:
904:
514:
481:) are smaller but are now generally deemed to belong to different species.
2014:
1460:
2832:
2798:
2669:
2438:
557:
553:
518:
264:
1838:"Fish prey of the Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans at South Georgia"
1751:
1097:
854:
Gotch, A. F. (1995) . "Albatrosses, Fulmars, Shearwaters, and Petrels".
510:
295:. When the complex was split into four species, the English name of the
2871:
2661:
2140:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 491.
2026:
1861:
1775:
422:
209:
1951:
1691:
568:
1837:
1797:
Imber, M.J. (1999). "Diet and Feeding Ecology of the Royal Albatross
648:
276:
147:
97:
2674:
2400:
1822:
643:
2583:
2423:
1665:
783:"Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification – Diomedea subg. Diomedea –"
443:
354:
117:
2121:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1083:
2884:
2596:
2490:
2391:– Video, Te Papa Channel, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
691:
417:
272:
257:
2811:
1442:
1362:(First ed.). New York, NY: Dorling Kindersley. p. 48.
883:
Linnaeus, 1758 for the Wandering Albatross by neotypification".
2477:
1026:(First ed.). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. pp.
687:
659:
618:
592:
547:
Snowy albatrosses have the longest wingspan of any living bird.
107:
1836:
Croxall, J. P.; North, A. W.; Prince, P. A. (1 October 1988).
730:
728:
726:
2578:
2385:– Collections Online, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
1516:
Shaffer, S. A., Costa, D. P., & Weimerskirch, H. (2003).
1158:
National Geographic Field Guide to the Birds of North America
303:
302:
The snowy albatross is one of the two largest members of the
1542:
1090:
Dynamic Loads, Response, and Stability of Aerospace Vehicles
1288:
Rattenborg, Niels, C. (2006). "Do Birds Sleep in Flight?".
1018:
Ehrlich, Paul R.; Dobkin, David, S.; Wheye, Darryl (1988).
723:
671:
127:
647:(flutes), needles, tattooing chisel blades, and barbs for
380:, which they elevated to species status, and use the term
1925:
1890:
299:
was changed from wandering albatross to snowy albatross.
1752:"When do wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans forage?"
1219:
1745:
1743:
1220:
Shaffer, S. A.; Weimerskirch, H.; Costa, D. P. (2001).
878:
376:
Some experts considered there to be four subspecies of
1092:. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
986:
734:
279:
and was long considered to be the same species as the
1287:
1926:
Collet, J.; Patrick, S.C.; Weimerskirch, H. (2017).
1740:
1499:by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (2008),
1425:by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992),
2295:Marchant, Stephen; Higgins, Peter Jeffrey (1990).
1835:
1749:
1357:
1019:
1017:
989:"Wandering Albatross – BirdLife Species Factsheet"
760:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698305A132640680.en
2056:Berrow, Simon D.; Croxall, John P. (1 May 2001).
2904:
2095:Is foraging efficiency a key parameter in aging?
1641:Shirihai, Hadoram (2002) . "Great Albatrosses".
2294:
1064:
1497:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses, 2nd Edition
2055:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
774:
1801:– King of the Shelf Break and Inner Slope".
1338:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1189:
1155:
1050:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
858:. New York, NY: Facts on File. p. 191.
2248:. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.
2218:. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.
2188:. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.
2158:. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.
1589:
1547:, breeding at Bird Island, South Georgia".
1353:
1351:
1349:
1193:The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats
917:
598:
484:
333:The snowy albatross was first described as
2978:Fauna of Heard Island and McDonald Islands
1716:
1281:
1215:
1213:
805:
595:survive. They can live for over 50 years.
208:
59:
40:
1959:
1699:
1245:
828:
758:
2315:
2126:
2107:
1643:Antarctic Wildlife The birds and mammals
1640:
1634:
1346:
658:
602:
567:
542:
433:
2336:
2273:
2088:
2012:
1492:
1490:
1210:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1123:
267:; they have a circumpolar range in the
14:
2953:Birds of islands of the Atlantic Ocean
2905:
1268:
1011:
780:
361:whose companions turned to birds, and
2405:
2404:
2212:"Uhi Ta Moko (tattooing instruments)"
1796:
1475:from the original on 29 November 2021
1119:
1117:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
853:
509:, is seen feeding year-round off the
2890:5879369A-2825-4DF6-91CC-93C81C16856A
2786:5a8f2ce9-b5e6-4900-8c0b-a5bcd1853aab
2649:7d54737d-935d-4c58-9646-5743f466fe8e
2222:from the original on 24 October 2012
2192:from the original on 24 October 2012
2162:from the original on 24 October 2012
1994:from the original on 29 January 2022
1750:Weimerskirch, H; Wilson, RP (1992).
1722:Richardson, Michael (27 Sep 2002). "
1645:. Finland: Alula Press. p. 90.
1487:
1174:
1144:
918:Burg, T. M.; Croxall, J. P. (2004).
847:
442:The snowy albatross has the longest
271:. It is the most recently described
2013:Tickell, W. L. N. (23 March 2013),
1416:
1269:Didier, Laurent (19 October 2019).
1124:Barwell, Graham (15 October 2013).
999:from the original on 2 January 2009
746:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
513:Peninsula on the east coast of the
388:that includes the proposed species
291:, it forms the wandering albatross
24:
2968:Fauna of the Prince Edward Islands
2389:Do albatrosses have personalities?
2267:
1271:"Birds with the Biggest Wingspans"
1130:. Reaktion Books. pp. 12–14.
1114:
969:
831:Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia
690:has introduced measures to reduce
25:
2999:
2358:
2337:Lindsey, Terence (22 June 2008).
2322:. University of Minnesota Press.
2316:Parmelee, David Freeland (1980).
1423:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses
781:Brands, Sheila (14 August 2008).
583:on isolated island groups in the
2913:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
2252:from the original on 24 May 2010
2114:
1612:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2004.02232.x
1247:10.1046/j.1365-2435.2001.00514.x
947:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02232.x
313:), being similar in size to the
84:
2319:Bird Island in Antarctic Waters
2234:
2204:
2174:
2144:
2049:
2006:
1976:
1919:
1884:
1829:
1790:
1659:
1583:
1536:
1523:
1510:
1449:Journal of Experimental Biology
1436:
1399:
1376:
1262:
1077:
987:BirdLife International (2008).
735:BirdLife International (2018).
654:
629:The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
563:
345:, based on a specimen from the
2152:"Matau Toroa (Albatross hook)"
2017:, in Austin, Oliver L. (ed.),
1756:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1058:
911:
872:
489:The snowy albatross breeds on
411:
13:
1:
2973:Birds of subantarctic islands
1984:"What to expect on Royal Cam"
1533:. Ecology, 78(7), 2051–2063.
717:
706:site, and large parts of the
674:lists the snowy albatross as
1913:10.1016/0006-3207(95)00037-2
1520:. Functional Ecology, 66–74.
7:
2988:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2963:Fauna of the Crozet Islands
2948:Birds of the Southern Ocean
2301:. Oxford University Press.
698:are a nature preserve, the
533:
328:
10:
3004:
2379:– Internet Bird Collection
538:
448:Bird Island, South Georgia
2958:Birds of the Indian Ocean
2413:
2280:. Angus & Robertson.
2277:The Seabirds of Australia
2274:Lindsey, Terence (1986).
2104:. Physorg (23 March 2010)
2100:16 September 2011 at the
1803:Emu - Austral Ornithology
1569:10.1007/s00227-002-0962-y
1310:10.1007/s00114-006-0120-3
1196:. Guinness Superlatives.
897:10.11646/zootaxa.4236.1.7
753:: e.T22698305A132640680.
223:
216:
207:
186:
179:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
2943:Birds of South Australia
2938:Birds of Southern Africa
2377:Video, photos and sounds
2367:– BirdLife International
2074:10.1093/condor/103.2.230
1393:15 February 2011 at the
787:Project: The Taxonomicon
599:Relationship with humans
485:Distribution and habitat
452:Malabar, New South Wales
315:southern royal albatross
2983:Birds described in 1758
2137:Encyclopædia Britannica
1893:Biological Conservation
429:
2019:Antarctic Bird Studies
667:
615:
576:
548:
439:
246:white-winged albatross
2820:Paleobiology Database
1932:Ecology and Evolution
1461:10.1242/jeb.205.4.475
1383:Wandering albatross (
1190:Wood, Gerald (1983).
714:are nature reserves.
696:Prince Edward Islands
662:
614:Individual taking off
613:
571:
546:
503:Prince Edward Islands
437:
244:), also known as the
2933:Birds of New Zealand
2644:Fauna Europaea (new)
2343:. Csiro Publishing.
1022:The Birders Handbook
665:South Georgia Island
491:South Georgia Island
475:Île de la Possession
287:. Together with the
285:Antipodean albatross
226:Diomedea chionoptera
2776:wandering-albatross
2522:wandering-albatross
2242:"Matau (fish hook)"
1944:2017EcoEv...7.3335C
1905:1996BCons..75...63C
1854:1988PoBio...9....9C
1815:1999EmuAO..99..200I
1799:Diomedea epomophora
1768:1992MEPS...86..297W
1684:2015NatSR...5E8853W
1604:2004MolEc..13.2345B
1561:2003MarBi.142..611X
1302:2006NW.....93..413R
1290:Naturwissenschaften
1238:2001FuEco..15..203S
1098:10.2514/6.2018-1445
939:2004MolEc..13.2345B
793:on 21 February 2009
663:Snowy albatross at
382:wandering albatross
289:Amsterdam albatross
250:wandering albatross
51:Conservation status
18:Wandering albatross
2928:Birds of Patagonia
2571:diomedea-exulans-0
2517:BirdLife-Australia
2246:Collections Online
2216:Collections Online
2186:Collections Online
2156:Collections Online
2027:10.1029/ar012p0001
1862:10.1007/BF00441760
1776:10.3354/meps086297
1729:2009-02-21 at the
1672:Scientific Reports
1360:Birds of the World
1226:Functional Ecology
668:
616:
577:
556:, small fish, and
549:
440:
2923:Procellariiformes
2900:
2899:
2407:Taxon identifiers
2365:Species factsheet
2350:978-0-643-09852-7
2329:978-0-8166-0937-6
2308:978-0-19-553068-1
2287:978-0-207-15192-7
2036:978-1-118-66914-3
1952:10.1002/ece3.2677
1938:(10): 3335–3347.
1692:10.1038/srep08853
1652:978-951-98947-0-6
1592:Molecular Ecology
1505:978-1-4200-6444-5
1431:978-0-8493-4258-5
1411:978-0-415-97024-2
1369:978-1-56458-295-9
1275:Bird Watchers Hub
1203:978-0-85112-235-9
1167:978-0-7922-5314-3
1137:978-1-78023-214-0
1107:978-1-62410-532-6
1037:978-0-671-65989-9
927:Molecular Ecology
865:978-0-8160-3377-5
840:978-0-7876-5784-0
712:Kerguelen Islands
700:Macquarie Islands
611:
574:Diomedea exulans
499:Kerguelen Islands
347:Cape of Good Hope
311:great albatrosses
281:Tristan albatross
232:
231:
138:Procellariiformes
74:
16:(Redirected from
2995:
2893:
2892:
2880:
2879:
2877:Diomedea-exulans
2867:
2866:
2854:
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2841:
2840:
2828:
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2815:
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2789:
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2496:A28D8D38F9A022A4
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2483:diomedea-exulans
2473:
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2470:Diomedea_exulans
2460:
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2449:
2448:
2447:
2445:Diomedea exulans
2434:
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2415:Diomedea exulans
2402:
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2397:– Expeditionsail
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2182:"Koauau (flute)"
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1713:
1703:
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1657:
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1632:
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1598:(8): 2345–2355.
1587:
1581:
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1545:Diomedea exulans
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1494:
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1049:
1041:
1025:
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1008:
1006:
1004:
984:
967:
966:
933:(8): 2345–2355.
924:
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881:Diomedea exulans
876:
870:
869:
851:
845:
844:
826:
803:
802:
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798:
789:. Archived from
778:
772:
771:
769:
767:
762:
739:Diomedea exulans
732:
684:longline fishing
612:
507:Macquarie Island
463:Macquarie Island
335:Diomedea exulans
241:Diomedea exulans
212:
192:
190:Diomedea exulans
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
35:Snowy albatross
32:
31:
21:
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2268:Further reading
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2130:, ed. (1911). "
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2102:Wayback Machine
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2011:
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1988:www.doc.govt.nz
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1823:10.1071/MU99023
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487:
432:
414:
391:D. antipodensis
386:species complex
359:Greek mythology
331:
293:species complex
236:snowy albatross
203:
194:
188:
175:
172:D. exulans
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
27:Species of bird
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22:
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2106:
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2068:(2): 230–239.
2048:
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1975:
1918:
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1809:(3): 200–211.
1789:
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1735:Herald Tribune
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1549:Marine Biology
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523:circumnavigate
495:Crozet Islands
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467:Crozet Islands
456:Crozet Islands
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2245:
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2215:
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2194:. Retrieved
2185:
2176:
2164:. Retrieved
2155:
2146:
2135:
2109:
2090:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2040:, retrieved
2018:
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1987:
1978:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1899:(1): 63–70.
1896:
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1477:. Retrieved
1452:
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1334:cite journal
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655:Conservation
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564:Reproduction
550:
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2833:SeaLifeBase
2761:Neotropical
2670:iNaturalist
2439:Wikispecies
2340:Albatrosses
2042:14 February
1998:14 February
1848:(1): 9–16.
1762:: 297–300.
1479:19 February
1067:Sea Swallow
1003:17 February
797:12 February
766:19 November
558:crustaceans
554:cephalopods
519:New Zealand
412:Description
265:Diomedeidae
148:Diomedeidae
2907:Categories
2872:Xeno-canto
2395:Slide show
2062:The Condor
891:(1): 135.
718:References
676:vulnerable
649:fish hooks
593:fledglings
589:monogamous
479:D. exulans
423:salt gland
406:D. gibsoni
402:D. exulans
378:D. exulans
353:refers to
66:Vulnerable
2371:Fact file
2132:Albatross
2082:0010-5422
1870:1432-2056
1784:0171-8630
1127:Albatross
1046:cite book
993:Data Zone
624:Coleridge
454:. On the
438:In flight
277:albatross
260:from the
166:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
2918:Diomedea
2727:22698305
2688:10195171
2597:45511269
2509:22698305
2504:BirdLife
2424:Wikidata
2373:– ARKive
2250:Archived
2220:Archived
2190:Archived
2160:Archived
2098:Archived
1992:Archived
1970:28515870
1878:27754838
1727:Archived
1710:25747757
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1628:28479284
1620:15245406
1577:83466498
1473:Archived
1469:11893761
1391:Archived
1318:16688436
1256:49358426
1073:: 67–69.
997:Archived
963:28479284
955:15245406
905:28264342
710:and the
581:colonies
534:Behavior
511:Kaikōura
444:wingspan
355:Diomedes
351:Diomedea
329:Taxonomy
307:Diomedea
283:and the
218:Synonyms
197:Linnaeus
159:Diomedea
144:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
2885:ZooBank
2662:5229302
2491:Avibase
2430:Q208682
2256:17 July
2226:17 July
2196:17 July
2166:17 July
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1961:5433987
1940:Bibcode
1901:Bibcode
1850:Bibcode
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1701:4352845
1680:Bibcode
1600:Bibcode
1557:Bibcode
1326:1736369
1298:Bibcode
1234:Bibcode
935:Bibcode
885:Zootaxa
692:bycatch
619:Sailors
572:Egg of
539:Feeding
418:plumage
363:exulans
273:species
258:seabird
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
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2812:212583
2783:NZOR:
2773:NZBO:
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