1321:, renga became popular in the court and people around it. It spread to the priestly classes and thence to wealthy commoners. In much the same way as waka, renga anthologies were produced under the imperial aegis. As momentum and popular interest shifted to the renga form, the tanka style was left to the Imperial court. Conservative tendencies exacerbated the loss of life and flexibility. A tradition named Kokin-denju, the heritage of Kokin Wakashū, was developed. It was a system on how to analyze the Kokin Wakashū and included the secret (or precisely lost) meaning of words. Studying waka degenerated into learning the many intricate rules, allusions, theories, and secrets, so as to produce tanka that would be accepted by the court.
22:
1406:. It was not precisely a new form; satirical waka was a style known since ancient times. But it was in the Edo period that this aspect of waka developed and reached an artistic peak. Still, most waka poets kept to ancient tradition or made those reformation another stereotype, and waka was not a vibrant genre in general at the end of this period.
1394:, composed many waka in a naïve style intentionally avoiding complex rules and the traditional way of waka. He belonged to another great tradition of waka: waka for expressing religious feeling. His frank expression of his feeling found many admirers, then and now. In the cities, a comical, ironic and satiric form of waka emerged. It was called
1313:
families; the former stood for "progressive" approaches, the varied use of the "ten styles" and novelty, while the latter conservatively hewed to already established norms and the "ushin" (deep feelings) style that dominated courtly poetry. Eventually, the Nijo family became defunct, leading to the
1089:. This severing of ties, combined with Japan's geographic isolation, essentially forced the court to cultivate native talent and look inward, synthesizing Chinese poetic styles and techniques with local traditions. The waka form again began flourishing, and
1101:. It was presented to the emperor in 905. This was the first waka anthology edited and issued under imperial auspices, and it commenced a long and distinguished tradition of imperial anthologies of waka that continued up to the Muromachi period.
1379:, the great reviver of the traditional Japanese literature, attempted to revive waka as a way of providing "traditional feeling expressed in genuine Japanese way". He wrote waka, and waka became an important form to his followers, the
1348:(playful renga)) and kyōka, comical waka, were a reaction to this seriousness. But in the Edo-period waka itself lost almost all of its flexibility and began to echo and repeat old poems and themes.
1298:. He edited it again and again until he died in 1239. Teika made copies of ancient books and wrote on the theory of waka. His descendants, and indeed almost all subsequent poets, such as
1340:, but the noble style of waka in the court inhibited and scorned such aspects of waka. Renga was soon in the same position with many codes and strictures reflecting literary tradition.
1005:. He was a waka poet who belonged to the youngest generation represented in the anthology; indeed, the last volume is dominated by his poems. The first waka of volume 1 was by
1375:
was a late 19th-century revision) was the favored genre. This tendency was kept during this period, but in the late Edo period waka faced new trends from beyond the court.
1302:, taught his methods and studied his poems. The courtly poetry scenes were historically dominated by a few noble clans and allies, each of which staked out a position.
1314:
ascendancy of the "liberal" Reizei family. Their innovative reign was soon deposed by the Asukai family, aided by the
Ashikaga shōgun, Ashikaga Yoshinori.
1645:
Literally, "pillow word". Poetic epithets generally not used for their literal meaning but to "connect" with the word (often a place name) that follows
1033:
recorded not only the works of the royalty and nobility, but also works of soldiers and farmers whose names were not recorded. The main topics of the
1093:
ordered the creation of an anthology of waka, where the waka of ancient poets and their contemporaries were collected; the anthology was named "
1805:
1682:
Literally, "hanging word". A word deliberately used to convey two meanings, due to the existence of separate homophonic words. An example is
2573:
2529:
2076:
Shirane Haruo, Nobuyuki
Kanechiku, Kumiko Tabuchi, Hidenori Jinno, editors, "世界へひらく和歌 Waka Opening Up to the World", Benseisyuppan, 2012
769:(at the beginning of the 10th century), chōka was seldom written and tanka became the main form of waka. Since then, the generic term
2357:
1767:
1746:
1280:, a form of collaborative linked poetry, began to develop. In the late Heian period, three of the last great waka poets appeared:
2169:. A general name for various types of poetry including chōka, tanka, sedōka and kata-uta, which are composed in lines of 5 and 7
2558:
1726:
1239:
The above three court anthologies, in addition to the five following anthologies, are known as the "Collections of Eight Ages"
2147:
2111:
1085:) and the waka art form largely fell out of official favor. But in the 9th century, Japan stopped sending official envoys to
115:
has two different but related meanings: the original meaning was "poetry in
Japanese" and encompassed several genres such as
2310:
Ten
Imperial Reigns, or one hundred years, have passed since, long ago, the Emperor Heizei issued an edict to compile the
2454:
2081:
2202:
2015:
1950:
1942:
1896:
1797:
Literally, "taking from the main poem". Allusion to or quoting one or more lines from a poem written by someone else.
2510:
2350:
1292:. Emperor Go-Toba ordered the creation of a new anthology and joined in editing it. The anthology was named
2563:
1203:
1819:
1877:
2230:
2062:
1166:
914:
and even
Western poetry, it developed gradually, broadening its repertoire of expression and topics.
2308:
2033:
Kokin Wakashū: The First
Imperial Anthology of Japanese Poetry, with 'Tosa Nikki' and 'Shinsen Waka'
1041:
were love, sadness (especially on the occasion of someone's death), and other miscellaneous topics.
2568:
2343:
2505:
2578:
2553:
2021:
1756:
1425:
1014:
2548:
2381:
1450:
260:
1465:
1435:
1294:
1002:
1507:
1081:
During the Nara period and the early Heian period, the court favored
Chinese-style poetry (
773:
came to be almost synonymous with tanka. Famous examples of such works are the diaries of
8:
2474:
1574:
1445:
1281:
65:
2057:
This Wine of Peace, the Wine of
Laughter: A Complete Anthology of Japan's Earliest Songs
139:
was a general term for poetry composed in
Japanese, and included several genres such as
1735:
Literally, "linked words". Semantically related words used on different positions of a
1025:, Ōtomo no Tabito and his son Yakamochi were the greatest poets in this anthology. The
202:
s compilation at the beginning of the tenth century, all of these forms except for the
2467:
2208:
2198:
2143:
2107:
2077:
2011:
1973:
1946:
1938:
1892:
1815:
1495:
1430:
1335:
1285:
1149:
1036:
1028:
1022:
1018:
992:
984:
931:
899:
852:
838:
789:
587:
581:
130:
1519:
1224:
2269:
1525:
1490:
1475:
1376:
1318:
1199:
1170:
943:
783:
177:
2165:: "Poetry unique to Japan, written since ancient times, and used in contrast with
2103:
Brocade by Night: 'Kokin
Wakashu' and the Court Style in Japanese Classical Poetry
2026:
Brocade by Night: 'Kokin Wakashū' and the Court Style in Japanese Classical Poetry
1143:
1094:
957:
27:
2388:
2366:
2166:
2101:
1513:
1485:
1387:
1289:
1273:
1158:
1010:
939:
905:
814:
and other ancient sources exist. Besides that, there were many other forms like:
774:
43:
1006:
961:
1930:
1586:
1460:
1220:, which by that time was already difficult for even educated Japanese to read.
1162:
998:
226:
fell out of use until it was revived at the end of the nineteenth century (see
1310:
2542:
2159:
2066:
1983:
1854:
1822:
language, complete grammatical sentences typically end with the verb, but in
1636:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1470:
1306:
1174:
1090:
910:
819:
778:
339:
2212:
384:. These last three forms, however, fell into disuse at the beginning of the
2460:
2197:. Lewis Turco. Hanover: University Press of New England. pp. 154–155.
2174:
2052:
1594:
1531:
1256:
1086:
953:
918:
766:
385:
123:(discussed below); the later, more common definition refers to poetry in a
2192:
1361:
In the early Edo period, waka was not a fashionable genre. Newly created
1305:
By this period, a number of clans had fallen by the wayside, leaving the
591:
1602:
1398:(狂歌), mad poem, and was loved by intellectual people in big cities like
1299:
949:
Pre-Modern Era (1600–1867, then subdivided into 1600–1770 and 1770–1867)
888:
Waka has a long history, first recorded in the early 8th century in the
859:
449:. Mainly composed to commemorate public events, and often followed by a
197:
1991:
1987:
1840:
1673:
832:
828:
85:
1918:
Waka, tanka, renga, haiku and senryū with translations and annotations
21:
1788:
586:
no. 802, which is of a pattern 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7-7. It was composed by
2481:
2430:
1537:
1501:
1391:
2515:
1925:
Waiting for the Wind: Thirty-Six Poets of Japan's Late Medieval Age
1870:
1653:
1380:
2335:
2140:
From the Country of Eight Islands: An Anthology of Japanese Poetry
2071:
From the Country of Eight Islands: An Anthology of Japanese Poetry
1480:
1440:
1395:
823:: This form carved on a slab of slate – the "Buddha footprint" or
571:
phrases repeated at least twice, and conclude with a 5-7-7 ending
214:
had significantly diminished in prominence. As a result, the word
1598:– An encyclopaedic collection with index, first published in 1901
973:
The most ancient waka were recorded in the historical record the
1873:- Japanese national anthem based on a waka of early 10th century
1776:
Literally, "phrase gap". The most significant semantic gap in a
1609:
1191:
poems are generally considered to be reflective and idealistic.
296:
originally encompassed a number of differing forms, principally
1961:
1882:
anthologies in English translation and relevant scholarly works
1345:
1327:
976:
926:
891:
2488:
2437:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
1864:
1455:
1403:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1341:
1277:
682:
454:
228:
124:
2330:
425:
One half of an exchange of two poems; the shortest type of
2177:
on the word came to refer primarily to tanka. Also called
1982:
c.759) and also includes the Buddha's Footstone Poems (21
1590:– Fujiwara no Teika's collection of 100 poems by 100 poets
2260:, University of Columbia Press, New York, 1999 : 221
1578:– The collective name for all 21 Imperially-commissioned
1399:
989:, the oldest surviving waka anthology. The editor of the
2106:. Stanford University Press. October 1985. p. 1.
727:
629:
2307:
was conceived as a court anthology notwithstanding.
2227:
A Waka Anthology: Volume One: The Gem-Glistening Cup
2008:
A Waka Anthology, Volume Two: Grasses of Remembrance
1935:
A Waka Anthology, Volume One: The Gem-Glistening Cup
1194:
Roughly half a century after the compilation of the
938:The Middle Ages ('chūsei' from 1185, including the
2194:The new book of forms : a handbook of poetics
1267:
2540:
1814:Ending a poem with a noun or noun phrase. Since
88:, an old name for Japan), and a variant name is
2290:
2225:English translation by Edwin A. Cranston, from
1867:– Old Japanese syllabary in 7-5 metre poem form
1711:
1695:
1662:Literally, "preface words". Longer versions of
1248:
1130:
1099:Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poems
1001:, but it is believed that the final editor was
863:recorded this form. The pattern is 5-7-7-5-7-7.
781:, as well as such collections of poem tales as
693:
519:
375:
354:
329:
308:
251:
16:Type of poetry in classical Japanese literature
2302:
2284:
1971:
1959:
1705:
1689:
1333:
1325:
1242:
1215:
1182:
1124:
1063:
1034:
1026:
990:
982:
974:
897:
889:
870:
850:
836:
809:
708:
687:
602:
579:
513:
503:Composed of two sets of 5-7-7 (similar to two
464:
369:
348:
323:
302:
274:
245:
188:
171:
158:
145:
128:
96:
79:
73:
57:
2351:
1826:composition this is not necessarily the case.
281:, meaning it contains 31 syllables in total.
904:. Under influence from other genres such as
2358:
2344:
1958:988 pp. includes almost all waka from the
1923:Carter, Steven D., editor and translator,
1909:Carter, Steven D., editor and translator,
1563:
127:. Up to and during the compilation of the
1911:Traditional Japanese Poetry: An Anthology
1356:
445:phrases, with a last phrase containing 7
392:vanished soon afterwards. Thus, the term
2499:Individuals and groups of Japanese poets
2040:An Introduction to Japanese Court Poetry
2006:Cranston, Edwin, editor and translator,
1755:Literally, "paired phrases". Similar to
1187:into 20 volumes, arranged by theme. The
1117:The first three imperially-commissioned
879:means "half-poem". The pattern is 5-7-7.
20:
2132:
1980:Collection for Ten Thousand Generations
1324:There were comical waka already in the
2541:
796:
700:in tanka form, also written by Okura:
2339:
2244:世界へひらく和歌 Waka Opening Up to the World
2190:
1686:, which can mean either "a pine tree"
1414:
78:, in the past it was also written as
2297:based on the Chinese preface of the
952:Modern Era (post 1867, divided into
2455:List of Japanese poetry anthologies
2365:
2010:, Stanford University Press, 2006.
1937:, Stanford University Press, 1993.
1904:527 pp., a standard academic study.
1891:, Stanford University Press, 1961.
1887:Brower, Robert H., and Earl Miner,
1272:After the Heian period, during the
1255:, and were all compiled during the
1177:in 905. It collected roughly 1,100
664: Where do they come from,
218:became effectively synonymous with
13:
2574:Articles containing Japanese poems
2138:Sato, Hiroaki and Watson, Burton.
2127:Britannica Kokusai Dai-Hyakkajiten
2042:, Stanford University Press, 1968.
681:The chōka above is followed by an
210:had effectively gone extinct, and
193:, "repeating-the-first-part poem")
14:
2590:
2324:
2028:, Stanford University Press, 1985
1927:, Columbia University Press, 1989
1913:. Stanford University Press, 1991
1227:commanded the compilation of the
1105:Rise of Japanese national culture
486:The most widely-composed type of
72:in modern Japanese is written as
64:is a type of poetry in classical
2035:, Stanford University Press 1985
1861:meeting at the start of the year
1235:The five later-Heian anthologies
1076:
746: What are they to me,
284:
135:in the eighth century, the word
2275:
1351:
754:That is a child? They can not.
750: How could they ever
660: When I eat chestnuts
528:or an exchange between lovers (
42:poetry which fixed the form of
2511:Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry
2506:Japanese poets (category list)
2263:
2250:
2236:
2219:
2184:
2153:
2120:
2094:
1268:Kamakura and Muromachi periods
672:Not letting me sleep in peace?
396:came in time to refer only to
264:or syllabic units. Therefore,
195:. However, by the time of the
1:
2559:Japanese literary terminology
2272:, retrieved 18 September 2012
2142:. Columbia University Press,
2087:
2073:, multiple editions available
1995:
1986:poems carved in stone at the
1610:Glossary of terms related to
1181:that had not appeared in the
908:, novels and stories such as
843:. The pattern is 5-7-5-7-7-7.
668: Making me helpless
507:). Frequently in the form of
32:
2448:Poetry works and collections
2317:Retrieved 18 September 2012.
2270:Daigo Tennō to Kokin Wakashū
1204:Five Men of the Pear Chamber
1071:
925:Early and Heian Literature (
748:Silver, or gold, or jewels?
670:Endlessly night after night.
658:My children come to my mind;
106:
7:
2303:
2291:
2163:dictionary entry for "waka"
2069:, editors and translators,
1972:
1970:completed 712) through the
1960:
1834:
1712:
1696:
1334:
1326:
1262:
1249:
1216:
1210:, in addition to preparing
1183:
1131:
1064:
1035:
1027:
991:
983:
975:
921:used four large categories
898:
890:
871:
851:
837:
810:
752:Equal the greater treasure
728:
694:
662:The longing is even worse.
656: When I eat melons
630:
580:
520:
465:
376:
355:
330:
309:
252:
129:
10:
2595:
2059:, New York, Grossman, 1968
981:and the 20 volumes of the
968:
883:
666:Flickering before my eyes.
549:with an extra phrase of 7
463:appear prominently in the
238:(hereafter referred to as
2524:
2498:
2447:
2373:
2285:
2231:Stanford University Press
2047:Based on Brower and Miner
2031:McCullough, Helen Craig,
1968:Record of Ancient Matters
1933:, editor and translator,
1706:
1690:
1409:
1243:
1125:
709:
688:
603:
514:
370:
349:
324:
303:
275:
246:
189:
172:
159:
146:
97:
80:
74:
58:
1050:Songs and poetry in the
559:
2022:McCullough, Helen Craig
1843:– Japanese death poem (
917:The literary historian
835:. Also recorded in the
242:) consist of five lines
1426:Kakinomoto no Hitomaro
1357:Edo period (1603–1867)
1015:Kakinomoto no Hitomaro
441:Repetition of 5 and 7
256:, literally "phrases")
47:
2191:Turco, Lewis (1986).
1889:Japanese Court Poetry
338:, but also including
24:
1847:) is mostly made in
1508:Minamoto no Sanetomo
1371:, or opening verse,
1167:Ōshikōchi no Mitsune
875:recorded this form.
469:, but only 5 in the
268:is sometimes called
2564:Japanese literature
2530:Articles with poems
1820:subject–object–verb
1446:Ariwara no Narihira
1390:a Buddhist priest,
1282:Fujiwara no Shunzei
790:The Tales of Yamato
490:throughout history
438:5-7-5-7-5-7...5-7-7
66:Japanese literature
2258:Seeds in the Heart
1466:Ōtomo no Kuronushi
1451:Fun'ya no Yasuhide
1436:Ōtomo no Yakamochi
1344:(also called just
1295:Shin Kokin Wakashū
1087:Tang dynasty China
1003:Ōtomo no Yakamochi
62:, "Japanese poem")
48:
2536:
2535:
2148:978-0-231-06395-1
2129:entry for "Waka".
2113:978-0-8047-6645-6
1832:
1831:
1496:Fujiwara no Teika
1431:Yamabe no Akahito
1286:Fujiwara no Teika
1214:readings for the
1173:on the orders of
1023:Yamanoue no Okura
1019:Yamabe no Akahito
944:Muromachi periods
932:The Tale of Genji
761:
760:
737:Koni shikame yamo
731:Kugane mo tama mo
679:
678:
637:Mashite shinowayu
588:Yamanoue no Okura
557:
556:
553:added to the end
2586:
2525:Individual poems
2360:
2353:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2318:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2234:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2188:
2182:
2161:Digital Daijisen
2157:
2151:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2098:
2053:Philippi, Donald
2000:
1997:
1977:
1965:
1878:Bibliography of
1717:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1701:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1618:
1617:
1526:Motoori Norinaga
1491:Murasaki Shikibu
1377:Motoori Norinaga
1339:
1331:
1319:Muromachi period
1254:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1219:
1200:Emperor Murakami
1186:
1171:Mibu no Tadamine
1157:was compiled by
1136:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1110:The first three
1067:
1040:
1032:
996:
988:
980:
960:(1912–1926) and
903:
895:
874:
856:
842:
813:
808:featured in the
804:Lesser forms of
784:The Tales of Ise
739:
720:
719:
703:
702:
699:
697:
691:
690:
649:
647:Yasui shi nasanu
641:Kitarishi monoso
622:
621:
597:
596:
585:
527:
526:
523:
517:
516:
468:
403:
402:
383:
382:
379:
373:
372:
362:
361:
358:
356:"memorized poem"
352:
351:
337:
336:
333:
327:
326:
316:
315:
312:
306:
305:
280:
278:
277:
257:
255:
249:
248:
194:
192:
191:
181:
178:Buddha footprint
175:
174:
164:
162:
161:
151:
149:
148:
134:
102:
100:
99:
83:
82:
77:
76:
63:
61:
60:
37:
34:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2569:Japanese poetry
2539:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2520:
2494:
2443:
2369:
2367:Japanese poetry
2364:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2268:
2264:
2255:
2251:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2224:
2220:
2205:
2189:
2185:
2158:
2154:
2137:
2133:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2090:
1998:
1931:Cranston, Edwin
1884:
1837:
1703:
1687:
1616:
1570:
1561:
1514:Emperor Go-Toba
1486:Ki no Tsurayuki
1421:
1412:
1388:Echigo Province
1364:haikai no renga
1359:
1354:
1342:Haikai no renga
1290:Emperor Go-Toba
1274:Kamakura period
1270:
1265:
1240:
1206:to compile the
1159:Ki no Tsurayuki
1122:
1079:
1074:
1011:Nukata no Ōkimi
971:
886:
802:
797:Minor forms of
775:Ki no Tsurayuki
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
741:
736:
735:Masareru takara
734:
732:
730:
722:
717:
715:
713:
711:
685:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
651:
646:
645:Motona kakarite
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
634:
632:
624:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
567:consist of 5-7
562:
524:
521:"dialogue poem"
511:
458:
380:
377:"poem fragment"
367:
359:
346:
334:
321:
313:
300:
290:
272:
243:
222:, and the word
186:
169:
156:
150:, "short poem")
143:
125:5-7-5-7-7 metre
109:
94:
55:
44:Japanese poetry
38:) anthology of
35:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2592:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2475:Nijūichidaishū
2471:
2464:
2457:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2363:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:WakaPoetry.net
2326:
2325:External links
2323:
2320:
2319:
2292:chokusen-setsu
2274:
2262:
2256:Keene, Donald
2249:
2235:
2218:
2203:
2183:
2152:
2131:
2119:
2112:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2082:978-4585290346
2074:
2067:Watson, Burton
2060:
2055:, translator,
2049:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2019:
2003:
2002:
1955:
1954:
1928:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1883:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1852:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1812:
1809:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1774:
1771:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1753:
1750:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1680:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1591:
1587:Hyakunin Isshu
1583:
1575:Nijūichidaishū
1569:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1520:Kamo no Chōmei
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1461:Ono no Komachi
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1237:
1236:
1225:Emperor Ichijō
1202:commanded the
1163:Ki no Tomonori
1115:
1114:
1107:
1106:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1047:
1046:
970:
967:
966:
965:
950:
947:
936:
885:
882:
881:
880:
864:
844:
801:
795:
759:
758:
744:
742:
725:
723:
706:
677:
676:
654:
652:
633:Kodomo omohoyu
627:
625:
600:
578:documented is
561:
558:
555:
554:
543:
540:
534:
533:
501:
498:
492:
491:
484:
481:
475:
474:
439:
436:
430:
429:
423:
420:
414:
413:
410:
407:
289:
283:
163:, "long poem")
108:
105:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2591:
2580:
2579:Stanzaic form
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2554:Waka (poetry)
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2300:
2293:
2278:
2271:
2266:
2259:
2253:
2245:
2239:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2204:0-87451-380-4
2200:
2196:
2195:
2187:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2156:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2128:
2123:
2115:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2063:Sato, Hiroaki
2061:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2038:Miner, Earl,
2037:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2016:0-8047-4825-X
2013:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1951:0-8047-3157-8
1948:
1944:
1943:0-8047-1922-5
1940:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1897:0-8047-1524-6
1894:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1855:Utakai Hajime
1853:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1714:
1698:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:makura-kotoba
1661:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1637:makura-kotoba
1634:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1613:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1557:
1556:Mokichi Okada
1554:
1551:
1550:Emperor Meiji
1548:
1545:
1544:Princess Kazu
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1471:Izumi Shikibu
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1260:
1258:
1251:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1208:Gosen Wakashū
1205:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1175:Emperor Daigo
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1144:Gosen Wakashū
1140:
1139:Kokin Wakashū
1133:
1120:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1095:Kokin Wakashū
1092:
1091:Emperor Daigo
1088:
1084:
1077:Heian revival
1066:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
994:
987:
986:
979:
978:
964:(from 1927)).
963:
959:
956:(1868–1912),
955:
951:
948:
945:
941:
937:
934:
933:
928:
924:
923:
922:
920:
915:
913:
912:
911:Tale of Genji
907:
902:
901:
894:
893:
878:
873:
868:
865:
862:
861:
855:
854:
848:
845:
841:
840:
834:
830:
826:
822:
821:
820:Bussokusekika
817:
816:
815:
812:
807:
800:
794:
792:
791:
786:
785:
780:
779:Izumi Shikibu
776:
772:
768:
765:In the early
763:
756:
743:
740:
738:
724:
721:
705:
704:
701:
696:
684:
674:
653:
650:
648:
626:
623:
599:
598:
595:
593:
589:
584:
583:
577:
574:The briefest
572:
570:
566:
552:
548:
544:
541:
539:
538:Bussokusekika
536:
535:
531:
522:
510:
506:
502:
499:
497:
494:
493:
489:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
472:
467:
462:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
428:
424:
421:
419:
416:
415:
411:
408:
405:
404:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
378:
366:
357:
345:
341:
340:bussokusekika
332:
320:
311:
299:
295:
288:
282:
271:
267:
263:
262:
258:of 5-7-5-7-7
254:
241:
237:
233:
231:
230:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
199:
185:
179:
168:
167:bussokusekika
155:
142:
138:
133:
132:
126:
122:
118:
114:
104:
93:
92:
87:
71:
67:
54:
53:
45:
41:
31:is an early (
30:
29:
28:Kokin Wakashū
23:
19:
2549:Poetic forms
2487:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2313:
2309:
2298:
2277:
2265:
2257:
2252:
2243:
2238:
2226:
2221:
2193:
2186:
2178:
2175:Heian period
2170:
2160:
2155:
2139:
2134:
2126:
2122:
2102:
2096:
2070:
2056:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2007:
1979:
1967:
1934:
1924:
1910:
1888:
1879:
1858:
1857:– Emperor's
1848:
1844:
1823:
1804:
1787:
1777:
1766:
1745:
1736:
1725:
1702:or "to wait"
1683:
1672:
1663:
1652:
1635:
1611:
1601:
1595:Kokka Taikan
1593:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1565:
1532:Ueda Akinari
1416:
1385:
1362:
1360:
1352:Early modern
1323:
1316:
1304:
1293:
1271:
1257:Heian period
1250:Hachidai-shū
1238:
1228:
1222:
1211:
1207:
1195:
1193:
1188:
1178:
1154:
1150:Shūi Wakashū
1148:
1142:
1138:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1098:
1082:
1080:
1055:
1051:
1007:Emperor Ōjin
972:
930:
919:Donald Keene
916:
909:
887:
876:
866:
858:
846:
824:
818:
805:
803:
798:
788:
782:
770:
767:Heian period
764:
762:
745:
729:Shirokane mo
726:
707:
680:
655:
628:
601:
575:
573:
568:
564:
563:
550:
546:
537:
529:
508:
504:
495:
487:
478:
470:
460:
450:
446:
442:
433:
426:
417:
397:
393:
389:
386:Heian period
364:
343:
318:
310:"short poem"
297:
293:
291:
286:
270:Misohitomoji
269:
265:
259:
239:
235:
234:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
196:
183:
166:
153:
140:
136:
120:
116:
112:
110:
90:
89:
69:
51:
50:
49:
39:
26:
18:
2374:Major forms
2173:. From the
1984:Bussokuseki
1806:taigen-dome
1757:parallelism
1614:composition
1582:anthologies
1568:collections
1558:(1882–1955)
1552:(1852–1912)
1546:(1846–1877)
1540:(1758–1831)
1534:(1734–1809)
1528:(1730–1801)
1522:(1155–1216)
1516:(1180–1239)
1510:(1192–1219)
1504:(1118–1190)
1498:(1162–1241)
1476:Kanpū Ōmata
1276:and later,
1121:anthologies
1112:chokusenshū
1097:", meaning
1056:Nihon Shoki
1045:Early songs
825:bussokuseki
733:Nanisemu ni
635:Kuri hameba
592:Nara period
542:5-7-5-7-7-7
500:5-7-7-5-7-7
331:"long poem"
68:. Although
2543:Categories
2179:yamato-uta
2088:References
1999: 753
1990:temple in
1988:Yakushi-ji
1841:Death poem
1674:kakekotoba
1627:Definition
1383:scholars.
1367:(of whose
1284:, his son
1198:, in 951,
1132:Sandai-shū
831:temple in
829:Yakushi-ji
643:Manakai ni
639:Izuku yori
631:Uri hameba
594:and runs:
91:yamato-uta
36: 900
2468:Man'yōshū
2312:Man'yōshū
2304:Man'yōshū
2301:that the
1974:Man'yōshū
1789:honkadori
1336:Man'yōshū
1217:Man'yōshū
1184:Man'yōshū
1137:were the
1072:Classical
1065:Man'yōshū
1037:Man'yōshū
1029:Man'yōshū
999:anonymous
993:Man'yōshū
985:Man'yōshū
900:Man'yōshū
872:Man'yōshū
853:Man'yōshū
839:Man'yōshū
827:– at the
811:Man'yōshū
582:Man'yōshū
483:5-7-5-7-7
466:Man'yōshū
459:Numerous
292:The term
285:Forms of
131:Man'yōshū
111:The word
107:Etymology
2516:Rokkasen
2299:Kokinshū
2281:Theories
2213:13359091
1871:Kimigayo
1835:See also
1816:Japanese
1654:jokotoba
1624:Japanese
1603:Sankashū
1415:Notable
1381:Kokugaku
1332:and the
1309:and the
1300:Shōtetsu
1263:Medieval
1223:In 1005
1196:Kokinshū
1189:Kokinshū
1155:Kokinshū
1147:and the
1054:and the
940:Kamakura
935:to 1185)
929:to past
860:Kokinshū
471:Kokinshū
198:Kokinshū
2461:Kaifūsō
2246:. 2012.
1564:Famous
1317:In the
1229:Shūishū
1212:kundoku
969:Ancient
884:History
877:Katauta
867:Katauta
718:子にしかめやも
590:in the
530:sōmonka
509:mondōka
505:katauta
418:Katauta
365:katauta
2482:Kai Ōi
2431:senryū
2389:kanshi
2382:haikai
2233:© 1993
2211:
2201:
2167:kanshi
2146:
2110:
2080:
2065:, and
2014:
1962:Kojiki
1949:
1945:cloth
1941:
1895:
1768:kugire
1747:tsuiku
1538:Ryōkan
1502:Saigyō
1410:Modern
1392:Ryōkan
1346:haikai
1328:Kojiki
1307:Reizei
1288:, and
1153:. The
1141:, the
1083:kanshi
1052:Kojiki
977:Kojiki
958:Taishō
927:Kojiki
906:kanshi
892:Kojiki
869:: The
849:: The
847:Sedōka
620:安眠し寝さぬ
618:もとな懸りて
614:来りしものそ
610:まして偲はゆ
606:子ども思ほゆ
496:Sedōka
388:, and
344:sedōka
184:sedōka
180:poem")
121:sedōka
2489:Iroha
2438:tanka
2424:renku
2417:renga
2410:hokku
2403:haiku
2150:p.619
2018:cloth
1865:Iroha
1845:jisei
1818:is a
1713:matsu
1697:matsu
1684:matsu
1630:Note
1481:Kūkai
1456:Kisen
1441:Henjō
1419:poets
1404:Osaka
1396:kyōka
1373:haiku
1369:hokku
1278:renga
962:Shōwa
954:Meiji
716:まされる宝
695:hanka
683:envoi
576:chōka
565:Chōka
560:Chōka
547:tanka
479:Tanka
461:chōka
455:envoi
451:hanka
434:Chōka
422:5-7-7
412:Note
398:tanka
390:chōka
319:chōka
298:tanka
276:三十一文字
266:tanka
236:Tanka
229:Tanka
224:tanka
220:tanka
212:chōka
208:chōka
204:tanka
154:chōka
141:tanka
117:chōka
84:(see
2396:waka
2209:OCLC
2199:ISBN
2144:ISBN
2108:ISBN
2078:ISBN
2012:ISBN
1992:Nara
1947:ISBN
1939:ISBN
1893:ISBN
1880:waka
1859:waka
1851:form
1849:waka
1824:waka
1811:体言止め
1794:本歌取り
1778:waka
1737:waka
1727:engo
1621:Term
1612:waka
1580:waka
1566:waka
1417:waka
1402:and
1311:Nijō
1179:waka
1169:and
1119:waka
1062:The
942:and
896:and
857:and
833:Nara
806:waka
799:waka
787:and
777:and
771:waka
714:何せむに
712:金も玉も
612:何処より
608:栗食めば
604:瓜食めば
488:waka
427:waka
409:Form
406:Name
394:waka
363:and
317:and
294:waka
287:waka
240:waka
216:waka
206:and
182:and
173:仏足石歌
137:waka
119:and
113:waka
70:waka
52:Waka
40:waka
25:The
2286:勅撰説
1953:pbk
1899:pbk
1773:句切れ
1400:Edo
1386:In
1244:八代集
1126:三代集
997:is
616:眼交に
532:).
515:問答歌
453:or
350:旋頭歌
232:).
190:旋頭歌
176:, "
98:大和歌
2545::
2289:,
2229:,
2207:.
2181:."
2171:on
2024:,
1996:c.
1994:,
1752:対句
1732:縁語
1710:,
1707:待つ
1694:,
1679:掛詞
1659:序詞
1642:枕詞
1259:.
1247:,
1231:.
1165:,
1161:,
1129:,
1021:,
1017:,
1013:,
1009:.
793:.
710:銀も
692:,
689:反歌
569:on
551:on
545:A
518:,
473:.
447:on
443:on
400:.
374:,
371:片歌
353:,
342:,
328:,
325:長歌
307:,
304:短歌
261:on
253:ku
250:,
165:,
160:長歌
152:,
147:短歌
103:.
86:Wa
81:倭歌
75:和歌
59:和歌
33:c.
2359:e
2352:t
2345:v
2314:.
2295:)
2283:(
2215:.
2116:.
2001:)
1978:(
1966:(
1780:.
1759:.
1718:.
1716:)
1704:(
1700:)
1691:松
1688:(
1253:)
1241:(
1135:)
1123:(
946:)
698:)
686:(
525:)
512:(
457:.
381:)
368:(
360:)
347:(
335:)
322:(
314:)
301:(
279:)
273:(
247:句
244:(
200:'
187:(
170:(
157:(
144:(
101:)
95:(
56:(
46:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
