41:
296:
317:
241:
291:
and randomly distributed beds of dark, micaceous quartzite. The distinguishing bed in the formation is a quartzose limestone that is white to blueish-grey. These beds range from 1 inch to 40 feet thick. The
Standing Pond Volcanic Member intrudes the Waits River Formation, separating it from the Gile
303:
The Waits River
Formation is split into two varieties. The Gile Mountain Formation lies between the two varieties of the Waits River Formation. The eastern belt of the Waits River Formation is composed of about 50-80% of punky-brown quartz-carbonate beds with interbedded
727:
Ratcliffe, Nicholas M.; Stanley, Rolfe S.; Gale, Marjorie H.; Thompson, Peter J.; Walsh, Gregory; With contributions by Hatch Jr., Norman L.; Rankin, Douglas W.; Doolan, Barry L.; Kim, Jonathan; Mehrtens, Charlotte J.; Aleinikoff, John N. (2011).
364:
The Waits River
Formation has numerous veins throughout that are composed of a variation of quartz, calcite, muscovite, biotite, pyrrhotite, feldspar, and kyanite. These veins formed during regional
299:
A stratigraphic column of
Silurian-Devonian rock units including the Waits River Formation and the units surrounding it in the Connecticut Valley–Gaspé Trough. Modified from McWilliams, et al (2010)
502:"Detrital U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the Connecticut Valley-Gaspé trough, southern Quebec and northern Vermont – Transitional tectonism from Salinic to Acadian orogenic cycles"
283:
The Waits River
Formation is stratigraphically below the Gile Mountain Formation and above the Northfield Slate. It is composed of beds of siliceous marble 4-10 inches thick that are
40:
76:
327:
The Waits River formation is composed of interbedded, weathered marble, quartz-muscovite phyllite, slate, mica-schist, quartzite, and siliceous crystalline limestone, with
232:(about 1,000 km), and its width ranges from 10–50 km. It is part of the Connecticut Valley–Gaspé Trough, which is present in eastern and northeastern Vermont.
689:
784:"Element mobility and scale of mass transport in the formation of quartz veins during regional metamorphism of the Waits River Formation, east-central Vermont"
86:
544:"Silurian-Devonian age and tectonic setting of the Connecticut Valley-Gaspe trough in Vermont based on U-Pb SHRIMP analyses of detrital zircons"
755:
244:
A map of the extent of the Waits River
Formation and its surrounding units in the Connecticut Valley-Gaspé Trough. Modified from Perrot (2018)
936:
931:
878:"Regional Metamorphism of the Waits River Formation, Eastern Vermont: Delineation of a New Type of Giant Metamorphic Hydrothermal System"
323:
of the Waits River formation that shows quartz, calcite, plagioclase, muscovite, and biotite. Photo taken by Dr. Sarah
Penniston-Dorland.
926:
400:
of the
Connecticut Valley began during this time with the extension of the crust. In the Acadian orogeny, the collision of
829:
Perrot, Morgann; Tremblay, Alain; Ruffet, Gilles; Labrousse, Loic; Gervais, FĂ©lix; Caroir, Fabien (September 12, 2019).
376:. The Waits River Formation was metamorphosed under garnet, kyanite, and chlorite, and biotite zones (500-570 °C).
408:
resulted in the metamorphism of the Waits River
Formation. The parallel bedding was deformed and exhibits pervasive
308:. The western belt is dark-gray slate/phyllite with minor interbedding of pelites of quartz-carbonate granulite.
831:"Diachronic metamorphic and structural evolution of the Connecticut Valley–Gaspé trough, Northern Appalachians"
705:
424:
Zircon dating (Pb/U) indicates that the unit is between 418 and 406 million years old (early
Devonian).
594:"Some revisions to the stratigraphy and structure of the Connecticut Valley trough, eastern Vermont"
456:"Fluid infiltration and regional metamorphism of the Waits River Formation, north-east Vermont, USA"
783:
501:
690:"Stratigraphic sequence of the Gile Mountain and Waits River Formations near Royalton, Vermont"
225:
388:-Gaspé Trough. The major geologic structures in the Waits River Formation are a result of two
213:
830:
593:
440:
Richardson, C.H., 1906, "The Areal and Economic Geology of Northeastern Vermont". From the
8:
455:
921:
858:
811:
749:
667:
639:
571:
521:
471:
385:
373:
543:
897:
862:
850:
803:
709:
671:
659:
613:
575:
563:
525:
475:
268:
217:
815:
889:
842:
795:
737:
701:
651:
605:
555:
513:
467:
169:
66:
500:
Perrot, Morgann; Tremblay, Alain; Ruffet, Gilles; David, Jean (August 14, 2018).
393:
253:
893:
517:
877:
729:
413:
412:
and crenulation cleavage. At the region scale, the formation shows a series of
915:
901:
854:
807:
713:
663:
617:
567:
479:
397:
153:
149:
24:
609:
768:
Doll, C. G., Cady, W. M., Thompson, J. B., Jr., and Billings, M. P., 1961,
365:
320:
284:
249:
799:
409:
369:
353:
288:
221:
173:
130:
559:
349:
Ayers Cliff: crystalline limestone with thin beds of slate and phyllite
846:
405:
396:. In the Salinic orogeny that occurred during the late Silurian, the
389:
341:
295:
261:
201:
101:
49:
741:
352:
Standing Pond: Volcanic member with amphibolite, garnet schist, and
292:
Mountain Formation. The overall formation thickness is 20,000 feet.
655:
401:
257:
205:
198:
194:
111:
32:
28:
240:
53:
542:
McWilliams, C. K.; Walsh, G. J.; Wintsch, R. P. (May 1, 2010).
384:
The Waits River Formation is a part of the western belt of the
328:
305:
252:
and back-arc extension in the late Silurian period. During the
229:
209:
115:
45:
828:
272:
726:
316:
782:
Penniston-Dorland, S. C.; Ferry, J. M. (January 1, 2008).
346:
Barton River: interbedded siliceous limestone and phyllite
267:
The facies of the unit indicates that its protolith was a
772:. Montpelier: Vermont Geological Survey, scale 1:250,000.
706:
10.1130/0016-7606(1980)91<282:SSOTGM>2.0.CO;2
499:
334:
781:
541:
638:White, Walter S.; Jahns, Richard H. (May 1, 1950).
688:Fisher, George W.; Karabinos, Paul (May 1, 1980).
913:
248:The Waits River formation was deposited through
687:
640:"Structure of Central and East-Central Vermont"
444:. Argus and Patriot Press, Montpelier, Vermont.
359:
271:rock, formed from a carbonate bank, reef or
454:LĂ©ger, A.; Ferry, J. M. (January 1, 1993).
754:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
637:
453:
416:and domes from the regional metamorphism.
39:
315:
294:
239:
914:
875:
591:
937:Geologic formations of Massachusetts
932:Geologic formations of New Hampshire
683:
681:
633:
631:
629:
627:
587:
585:
537:
535:
495:
493:
491:
489:
442:Fifth Report Vermont State Geologist
335:Members of the Waits River Formation
235:
13:
770:Centennial Geologic Map of Vermont
472:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1993.tb00128.x
14:
948:
876:Ferry, J. M. (February 1, 1992).
730:"Bedrock geologic map of Vermont"
678:
624:
592:Hatch, N. L. (December 1, 1988).
582:
532:
486:
216:of North America. It ranges from
212:. It is located in the northern
869:
822:
775:
368:of various grades ranging from
278:
168:Village of Waits River (within
927:Geologic formations of Vermont
835:Journal of Metamorphic Geology
762:
720:
460:Journal of Metamorphic Geology
447:
434:
1:
734:Scientific Investigations Map
427:
204:containing lesser amounts of
77:Standing Pond Volcanic Member
379:
311:
7:
598:American Journal of Science
548:American Journal of Science
518:10.1016/j.tecto.2018.08.006
360:Metamorphism and fluid flow
191:Waits River Formation (WRF)
10:
953:
52:(Waits River Formation in
894:10.1093/petrology/33.1.45
275:around volcanic islands.
179:
164:
159:
144:
136:
126:
121:
107:
97:
92:
82:
72:
61:
38:
23:
18:
610:10.2475/ajs.288.10.1041
644:The Journal of Geology
419:
324:
300:
245:
183:C. H. Richardson, 1906
788:American Mineralogist
319:
298:
243:
214:Appalachian Mountains
19:Waits River Formation
882:Journal of Petrology
800:10.2138/am.2008.2461
331:present throughout.
226:Gulf of St. Lawrence
25:Stratigraphic range
560:10.2475/05.2010.01
392:, the Salinic and
386:Connecticut Valley
374:amphibolite facies
325:
301:
246:
847:10.1111/jmg.12510
604:(10): 1041–1059.
218:Long Island Sound
187:
186:
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906:
905:
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866:
826:
820:
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773:
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685:
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622:
621:
589:
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497:
484:
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451:
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287:with weathering
256:, the land mass
236:Geologic setting
43:
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742:10.3133/sim3184
725:
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686:
679:
636:
625:
590:
583:
540:
533:
498:
487:
452:
448:
439:
435:
430:
422:
414:recumbent folds
382:
362:
337:
314:
281:
254:Acadian orogeny
250:normal faulting
238:
87:Bradford Schist
57:
12:
11:
5:
950:
940:
939:
934:
929:
924:
908:
907:
868:
821:
774:
761:
736:. Reston, VA.
719:
700:(5): 282–286.
677:
656:10.1086/625735
650:(3): 179–220.
623:
581:
554:(5): 325–363.
531:
506:Tectonophysics
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260:collided with
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21:
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6:
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3:
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723:
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673:
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661:
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632:
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628:
619:
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407:
403:
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398:sedimentation
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154:New Hampshire
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150:Massachusetts
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65:Sedimentary,
64:
60:
55:
51:
47:
42:
37:
34:
30:
26:
22:
17:
888:(1): 45–94.
885:
881:
871:
838:
834:
824:
791:
787:
777:
769:
764:
733:
722:
697:
694:GSA Bulletin
693:
647:
643:
601:
597:
551:
547:
509:
505:
463:
459:
449:
441:
436:
423:
383:
366:metamorphism
363:
354:pillow lavas
326:
321:Thin section
302:
282:
279:Stratigraphy
266:
247:
190:
188:
160:Type section
841:(1): 3–27.
794:(1): 7–21.
512:: 430–452.
466:(1): 3–29.
410:schistosity
370:greenschist
340:Crow Hill:
289:mica schist
285:interbedded
222:Connecticut
131:New England
67:metamorphic
48:schist and
916:Categories
428:References
372:facies to
193:is a late
922:Limestone
902:0022-3530
863:204265669
855:0263-4929
808:0003-004X
750:cite book
714:0016-7606
672:128814201
664:0022-1376
618:0002-9599
576:129794562
568:0002-9599
526:134714774
480:0263-4929
406:Laurentia
390:orogenies
380:Structure
342:quartzite
312:Lithology
269:carbonate
262:Laurentia
202:limestone
197:to early
165:Named for
148:Vermont,
102:Limestone
93:Lithology
83:Underlies
73:Sub-units
50:quartzite
31:to early
816:56395662
402:Avalonia
206:phyllite
199:Devonian
195:Silurian
180:Named by
122:Location
112:Phyllite
33:Devonian
29:Silurian
394:Acadian
306:pelites
224:to the
170:Topsham
137:Country
98:Primary
54:Vermont
27:: Late
900:
861:
853:
814:
806:
712:
670:
662:
616:
574:
566:
524:
478:
329:garnet
273:atolls
258:Gander
230:Quebec
210:schist
174:stream
172:) and
145:Extent
127:Region
116:schist
46:Garnet
859:S2CID
812:S2CID
668:S2CID
572:S2CID
522:S2CID
108:Other
898:ISSN
851:ISSN
804:ISSN
756:link
710:ISSN
660:ISSN
614:ISSN
564:ISSN
476:ISSN
404:and
208:and
189:The
62:Type
890:doi
843:doi
796:doi
738:doi
702:doi
652:doi
606:doi
602:288
556:doi
552:310
514:doi
510:745
468:doi
420:Age
228:in
220:in
140:USA
918::
896:.
886:33
884:.
880:.
857:.
849:.
839:38
837:.
833:.
810:.
802:.
792:93
790:.
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752:}}
748:{{
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698:91
696:.
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648:58
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626:^
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600:.
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570:.
562:.
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546:.
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520:.
508:.
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488:^
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458:.
264:.
152:,
114:,
904:.
892::
865:.
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818:.
798::
758:)
744:.
740::
716:.
704::
674:.
654::
620:.
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558::
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516::
482:.
470::
56:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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