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381:. Design was started by Frank Malina and Homer Joe Stewart to meet the Signal Corps' request with their study "Considerations of the Feasibility of Developing a 100,000-ft. Altitude Rocket." The final design work was done by a team of persons specializing in particular areas and involved significant efforts to derive performance from theoretical means (a relatively new method for America rocketry). The key persons responsible were M.M. Mills (booster), P.J. Meeks (sounding rocket), W.A. Sandburg and W.B. Barry (launcher and WAC nose), S.J. Goldberg (field tests) and H.J. Stewart (external ballistics) and G, Emmerson (photography).
657:
was tested in late 1947 and became fully operational in spring 1948. Another competitor was the
Neptune sounding rocket, later known as the Viking. The V-2 could lift 2,200 pounds (1,000 kg) to 128 miles (206 km), the Aerobee around 150 pounds (68 kg) to over 70 miles (110 km), and Viking 500 pounds (230 kg) to 100 miles (160 km). All three of these offered better performance than the Corporal's 25-pound (11 kg) payload. In terms of pounds to altitude per dollar, the Corporal also lost to the competition: Each WAC Corporal B cost
445:. These first launches tested not only the booster, but the launcher and firing controls, as well as providing practice for the radar and camera crews. October saw two launches of the WAC Corporal with one-third propellant load followed by six fully-fueled flights. Several of these flights reached altitudes of approximately 235,000 feet (72 km). Performance varied because of several factors, including variation in the gross weight from 683 to 704 pounds (310 to 319 kg), with empty weights from 289 to 310 pounds (131 to 141 kg).
501:
propellant. The designs of the fuel pressurization system and fuel valves were simplified. It had a shorter engine with redesigned injectors weighed 12 pounds (5.4 kg), rather than the longer 50-pound (23 kg) engine of the WAC Corporal A. The drastically redesigned rocket body used separate tanks of dissimilar materials. Larger, lighter fins were supplied, which proved problematic on the first WAC Corporal B flight on
December 6, 1946.
1912:. Essays on the History of rocketry and astronautics: proceedings of the third through the sixth Symposia of the International Academy of Astronautics. NASA conference publication, 2014. Vol. 2 Part III The Development of Liquid- and Solid-propellant Rockets, 1880–1945. Washington, D.C.: NASA Scientific and Technical Information Office (published September 1977).
712:, an article describes how the WAC Corporal "is launched from a triangular 100 ft. launching tower, and thereafter goes its own merry way," and claims that "hese characteristics suggest some of the reasons for the female appellation of the 'WAC,' the 'Corporal' coming from the fact that some Army rockets are designated by familiar ranks."
656:
The WAC Corporal found itself in direct competition in its designed role, with the V-2 offering much larger payload capabilities that became available in the
General Electric-operated Hermes program in April 1946. It was also in competition with the Aerobee, a direct descendant of the Corporal, which
500:
at JPL. Design of the WAC Corporal B was initiated in March 1946 with P.J. Meeks as
Project Coordinator, and differed significantly in detail while its basic shape remained the same. It was 4 inches (10 cm) longer, weighed 100 pounds (45 kg) less, and contained 40 pounds (18 kg) less
408:
design, and that it had only three stabilizing fins, rather than the four that the Army preferred. Since the WAC Corporal was conceived as an atmospheric sounding rocket to be used in part near populated locations, it was provided with a parachute recovery system for the rocket itself, along with a
572:
as the second stage atop captured V-2 missiles in early air-light and staging experiments. For Bumper, the WAC Corporal was modified to provide stability in excess of Mach 5 by increasing the number of fins to four and increasing their size. The WAC Corporal had to be modified so that the engine
491:
Radar tracking was difficult, as above 90,000 feet (27 km) the radar return was too small to be detected, and radiosonde signals were not received. No previous
American liquid-fueled rocket had exceeded a tiny fraction of the altitudes the WAC Corporal regularly achieved. It was decided on
696:
The origin of the acronym "WAC" in WAC Corporal has been claimed to stand for multiple different phrases. Some White Sands historians (Kennedy, DeVorkin, Eckles) have claimed it means "Without
Attitude Control". In "Bumper 8: 50th Anniversary of the First Launch on Cape Canaveral, Group Oral
350:, GALCIT had pursued the development of both solid and liquid-fueled Jet Assisted Take Off (JATO) boosters to aid aircraft take off performance. As the group had experimented with rockets for several years before the war they were selected by the Army to pursue ballistic rocket development.
400:
air-to-ground attack rocket to gain sufficient speed along a launch tower for the
Corporal's three tail fins to provide passive stability. Despite the emphasis upon a theoretical approach, it was deemed necessary to empirically prove the Corporal's aerodynamics, especially the three fin
361:. The second ORDCIT project, which became the Corporal, named for the next Army enlisted rank, was a project originally named XF30L 20,000. The Corporal project envisioned a liquid propellant missile of 30-inch (760 mm) diameter and a power of 20,000 pounds-force (89 kN). The
992:
The U.S. Army Air Corps Jet
Propulsion Research Project GALCIT Project, n°1, 1939-1946 : A Memoir, Essays on the History of Rocketry and Astronautics, Volume II, Proceedings of the Third Through the Sixth History Symposia of the International Academy of Astronautics, 1969-1972, p
577:
by two solid rockets placed between the oxidizer and fuel tanks. The Bumper/WAC had a payload capacity of 50 pounds and carried a
Doppler transmitter/receiver which transmitted the nose cone temperature as well as velocity information. There were 6 Bumper flights from
672:, which includes the AJ10-37 engine on the second stage of the world's first purpose-built satellite launch vehicle, Vanguard. Other AJ10 series members include the AJ10-101, which powered the Able upper stage on a variety of launch vehicles, the AJ10-137
432:
in late
September 1945 with a series of booster tests lofting dummy upper stages. These were the first missiles launched at White Sands. They were launched from what became LC-33, which was also the launch site for many other early missiles such as the
365:
had created the requirement for a sounding rocket to carry 25 pounds (11 kg) of instruments to 100,000 feet (30 km) or higher. This was merged with a requirement of the Rocket R&D Division of the Ordnance Corps for a test vehicle.
667:
While the WAC Corporal was soon replaced in its intended role of sounding rocket, its legacy was long-lasting. Its 38ALDW-1500 engine was the direct predecessor of the Nike Ajax's A21AL-2600 and Aerobee's 45AL-2600, and was developed into the
582:, the first two carrying solid-fueled dummy WACs. Flight number six had a failure on the V-2. Bumper 7 and 8, the last two flights of the Bumper program, were the first launches from the new Joint Long-Range Proving Ground at
339:. They became known as the "suicide squad" because so many of their early experiments at the Laboratory blew up. Some of the GALCIT enthusiasts had founded a business to manufacture rocket motors called
664: (equivalent to $ 109,200 in 2023), for $ 320/lb to apogee, while each V-2 reassembled from captured parts cost around $ 30,000 ($ 14/lb), and the Aerobee cost $ 18,500 ($ 123/lb).
377:
The theoretical work setting the stage for the WAC Corporal was established in a 1943 paper "A Review and Preliminary Analysis of Long-Range Rocket Projectiles" by Malina and
594:
from 120,000 to 150,000 feet (37 to 46 km). This would entail flights downrange in excess of 250 miles (400 km), which would exceed the boundaries of White Sands.
374:(JPL) proposed the development of a liquid-fueled sounding rocket to meet this request, thus providing a practical developmental step towards the ultimate Corporal missile.
492:
November 9, 1945, to alter the WAC Corporal design to improve upon it for another series of flights. This redesigned rocket was first deemed "Sergeant" in keeping with the
384:
For propulsion, the 38ALDW-1500 Aerojet liquid-fueled engine was chosen, which had been developed as a JATO system for Navy flying boats. The 38ALDW-1500 was modified for
2531:
2521:
401:
configuration, so a solid propellant one-fifth scale model called the Baby WAC was tested from a scaled-down launcher in July 1945. Four Baby WACs were flown.
1784:
1801:
Essays on the History of Rocketry and Astronautics: Proceedings of the Third Through the Sixth History Symposia of the International Academy of Astronautics
2031:
1961:
626:
Bumper 7's WAC Corporal, the last one ever to fly, achieved Mach 9, the highest speed ever achieved by a projectile in the atmosphere at the time.
2051:
2657:
2496:
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1797:"America's first long-range-missile and space exploration program: The ORDCIT project of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 1943–1946: A memoir"
573:
ignition would be initiated by the integrating accelerometer of the V-2 stage just before cutoff of the V-2 engine. The WAC Corporal was
1845:
2094:
1680:. Vol. I. Alabama: Reports and Historical Office, Army Ballistic Missile Agency, Army Ordnance Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal.
496:
naming scheme but was soon renamed WAC Corporal B. The name "Sergeant" was later used for a solid propellant missile designed for the
404:
The design of the WAC Corporal was innovative in that main structure containing the oxidizer, fuel, and pressurizing air tanks was of
358:
1644:"Bumper 8: 50th Anniversary of the First Launch on Cape Canaveral, Group Oral History, Kennedy Space Center, Held on July 24, 2000"
708:
noted, "nder the amusing security code designation of 'WAC Corporal' the project was initiated in 1944...." In the June 1, 1946 of
677:
448:
537:
1 WAC Corporal A on December 3 modified with WAC Corporal B fins resulted in fin separation and reached 90,000 feet (27 km)
2005:
1731:
504:
645:
857:
Frank. J Malina : Astronautical Pioneer Dedicated to International Cooperation and the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space
540:
1 first WAC Corporal B lost one fin, unstable reached 92,000 feet (28 km) with successful recovery December 6, 1946
704:
articles, which seem to support "Women's Army Corps" being the derivation of the acronym. In its March 18, 1946 issue,
587:
324:
312:
568:
The WAC Corporal program was an extremely successful test program. The last 6 WAC Corporal Bs to fly were used in the
2667:
1834:
1694:
362:
308:
685:
639:
590:. The reason for the move was the intention to use a depressed trajectory to achieve velocities in the vicinity of
1273:
Robert H. Goddard The Roswell Years, National Air And Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. 1973
1948:
2466:
2087:
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681:
650:
323:
The California Institute of Technology had been fostering a group of rocket engineers in the 1930s at their
417:
64:
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Rockets, by Robert H. Goddard, American Rocket Society, 29 West 39th Street, New York City, New York, 1946
1958:
1998:
35:
1717:. Washington D.C.: National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Government Printing Office. SP-4202.
555:
1 WAC Corporal B reached 144,000 feet (44 km) with lower velocity than expected February 18, 1947
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579:
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429:
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353:
The first rocket designed by the group for the Army was designated as XFS10S100-A, also known as the
132:
1983:
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634:
1909:
The U.S. Army Air Corps Jet Propulsion Research Project, GALCIT Project No. 1, 1939–1946: A Memoir
1853:
1742:
1294:
Army Ordnance Research Work Cited as Rebuttal to AAF Demands, Aviation News, July 8, 1946, page 8
549:
1 WAC Corporal B reached 175,000 feet (53 km) parachute tangled and failed December 13, 1946
315:(named "ORDCIT") in June 1944 with the ultimate goal of developing a military ballistic missile.
546:
1 WAC Corporal B reached 160,000 feet (49 km) telemetry section recovered December 12, 1946
543:
1 WAC Corporal B reached 105,000 feet (32 km) recovered slightly damaged December 12, 1946
389:
1907:
1796:
1991:
1972:
1953:
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484:
1 WAC Corporal launched with pressurization leak no performance recorded on October 25, 1945
478:
1 WAC Corporal to 90,000 feet (27 km) due to premature nose release on October 16, 1945
659:
583:
534:
1 Booster test with test of nose cone separation and parachute recovery on December 2, 1946
1687:
Science With A Vengeance How the Military Created the US Space Sciences After World War II
8:
528:
2 Booster test with tests of nose cone separation and parachute recovery on May 26, 1946
525:
2 Booster tests with test of nose cone separation and parachute recovery on May 24, 1946
522:
2 Booster tests with test of nose cone separation and parachute recovery on May 23, 1946
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2014:
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1 Booster test with test of nose cone separation and parachute recovery on May 29, 1946
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1 Booster test with test of nose cone separation and parachute recovery on May 20, 1946
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1 WAC Corporal B reached 198,000 feet (60 km) parachute broke loose June 12, 1947
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1 WAC Corporal B reached 240,000 feet (73 km) parachute failed February 24, 1947
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1 WAC Corporal to 235,000 feet with premature nose release on October 19, 1945
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Strange Angel The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whitesides Parsons
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1 WAC Corporal B reached 206,000 feet (63 km) good recovery March 3, 1947
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Four men at White Sands in May 1946 with a WAC Corporal booster rocket 293-417
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1 WAC Corporal launched at night with nose release failure on October 25, 1945
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as the fuel. The WAC Corporal was intended to use a booster derived from the
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WAC Corporal missile testing in October 1945, at White Sands Proving Ground
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1889:. Washington D.C.: National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.
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1 Booster test with 250-pound (113 kg) load on September 27, 1945
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2013:
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1 WAC Corporal to approximately 235,000 feet on October 12, 1945
405:
281:
1754:
1674:
Development of the Corporal: The Embryo of the Army Missile Program
828:"NASA Sounding Rockets, 1958-1968: A Historical Summary, Chapter 2"
700:
The earliest public reports of the WAC designation are a series of
697:
History," William Pickering attributed it to "Women's Army Corps".
512:
The flights during the second series of WAC Corporal flights were:
1829:. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
619:
Bu-8 July 24, 1950 at Cape Canaveral pad 3, stage separation error
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The Rockets and Missiles of White Sands Proving Ground 1945-1958
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with critical parts supplied by JPL and the engines by Aerojet.
299:
developed in the United States and the first vehicle to achieve
2617:
1934:
472:
1 WAC Corporal to 235,000 feet (72 km) on October 11, 1945
456:
The missions flown during the WAC Corporal first series were:
1563:
676:
on the Apollo spacecraft, and the AJ10-190 that acted as the
1954:
Article from Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles
469:
1 Booster test with dummy WAC Corporal on September 28, 1945
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264:
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1 Test of Mark I Mod I booster with load February 17, 1947
47:
with a WAC Corporal rocket (minus the solid-fuel boosters)
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859:. 57th International Astronautical Congress. 2006.
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1783:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1708:. Las Cruces, New Mexico: Fiddlebike Partnership.
872:
834:
2649:
409:separate system for recovering the Signal Corps
307:, that was started by a partnership between the
1887:Robert H. Goddard The Roswell Years (1930-1941)
1846:"The culmination: Creation of the WAC Corporal"
19:For the ballistic missile developed later, see
2088:
1999:
1288:
1827:History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines
1712:
1569:
2095:
2081:
2006:
1992:
1959:Article from National Air and Space Museum
1880:(Third ed.). Ann Arbor: Saturn Press.
622:Bu-7 July 29, 1950 at Cape Canaveral pad 3
416:The production of the WAC Corporal was by
34:
2106:missile and rocket designations 1948–1963
851:
849:
776:
1726:. Altglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd.
1713:Green, Constance; Lomask, Milon (1970).
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678:Space Shuttle Orbital Maneuvering System
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604:Bu-2 August 10, 1948 Dummy WAC Corporal
428:The WAC Corporal test program began at
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680:. WAC Corporals are on display at the
616:Bu-6 April 21, 1949 first stage failed
318:
2658:Sounding rockets of the United States
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463:2 Booster tests on September 27, 1945
460:2 Booster tests on September 26, 1945
1898:. New York: American Rocket Society.
1641:
809:298,000 N·s (67,000 lbf·s)
772:133,000 N·s (30,000 lbf·s)
601:Bu-1 May 15, 1948 Dummy WAC Corporal
1812:. New York: Harper & Brothers.
739:
13:
1869:
735:7.37 m (24 ft 2 in)
325:Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory
313:California Institute of Technology
14:
2679:
1942:
721:Overall dimensions WAC Corporal A
715:
309:United States Army Ordnance Corps
1971:Bonnier Corporation (May 1946).
1906:(1969). Hall, R. Cargill (ed.).
686:White Sands Missile Range Museum
640:White Sands Missile Range Museum
586:, which would later be known as
1635:
791:313.3 kilograms (690.7 lb)
785:134.6 kilograms (296.7 lb)
748:344.4 kilograms (759.2 lb)
649:WAC Corporal on display at the
638:WAC Corporal on display at the
1741:Landis, Geoffrey (July 2005).
820:
754:67.4 kilograms (148.7 lb)
212:Sustainer stage – WAC Corporal
1:
1765:(inactive September 12, 2024)
1689:. New York: Springer-Verlag.
1664:
760:220 kN (50,000 lbf)
682:National Air and Space Museum
651:National Air and Space Museum
597:The WAC/Bumper flights were:
516:1 Booster test on May 7, 1946
1722:Kennedy, Gregory P. (2009).
1649:. p. 13. Archived from
797:6.7 kN (1,500 lbf)
418:Douglas Aircraft Corporation
303:. It was an offshoot of the
65:Douglas Aircraft Corporation
7:
2460:Unguided rockets, 1940–1963
1894:Goddard, Robert H. (1946).
430:White Sands Proving Grounds
228:313.3 kg (691 lb)
220:134.6 kg (297 lb)
187:220 kN (49,000 lb
171:344.4 kg (759 lb)
10:
2684:
1929:. New York: Harcourt Inc.
1825:Sutton, George P. (2006).
423:
346:During the first years of
244:6.7 kN (1,500 lb
179:67.4 kg (149 lb)
95:7.37 m (24.2 ft)
18:
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2605:
2459:
2353:
2207:
2111:
2022:
1973:"50 Miles Up This Summer"
1964:February 4, 2012, at the
865:10.2514/6.IAC-06-H.L.4.01
674:Service Propulsion System
372:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
278:
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2668:Douglas Aircraft Company
2354:1955–1963 missile system
2208:1951–1955 missile system
2112:1948–1951 missile system
1844:Zibit, Benjamin (1999).
1685:DeVorkin, David (1992).
1671:Bragg, James W. (1961).
813:
163:Booster stage – Tiny Tim
1949:Astronautix.com article
1925:Pendel, George (1955).
1810:The Viking Rocket Story
1799:. In Hall, R.C. (ed.).
1570:Green & Lomask 1970
729:0.30 m (1 ft)
691:
607:Bu-3 September 30, 1948
357:, that being the first
103:30 cm (12 in)
1808:Rosen, Milton (1955).
1743:"The Three Rocketeers"
1656:on September 29, 2006.
777:WAC Corporal sustainer
653:
642:
613:Bu-5 February 24, 1949
509:
453:
390:red fuming nitric acid
2638:Designation uncertain
2017:"Rank" series rockets
1885:Durant, F.C. (1973).
1876:Alway, Peter (1999).
1856:on September 24, 2019
648:
637:
610:Bu-4 November 1, 1948
507:
451:
2663:Rockets and missiles
1878:Rockets of the World
1706:Pocketful Of Rockets
1704:Eckles, Jim (2013).
584:Cocoa Beach, Florida
392:as the oxidizer and
1243:, pp. 365–367.
905:, pp. 360–367.
368:Frank Joseph Malina
327:(GALCIT) including
319:Development History
236:Aerojet 38ALDW-1500
30:
2606:Undesignated types
2104:United States Army
1747:American Scientist
1715:Vanguard A History
1398:, pp. 78, 92.
752:Propellant weight:
654:
643:
630:Outcome and legacy
510:
498:United States Army
454:
388:propellants, with
359:Army enlisted rank
28:
2645:
2644:
2070:
2069:
1763:10.1511/2005.54.0
1733:978-0-7643-3251-7
1572:, p. 50, 87.
301:hypersonic speeds
289:
288:
79:Country of origin
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1994:
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1852:. Archived from
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1188:, p. 56-57.
1183:
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888:
882:
876:
870:
868:
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844:
838:
832:
831:
824:
740:Tiny Tim booster
663:
394:furfuryl alcohol
305:Corporal program
282:edit on Wikidata
269:furfuryl alcohol
146:October 11, 1945
38:
31:
27:
2683:
2682:
2678:
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2648:
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2455:
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2390:
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2314:
2309:
2264:
2203:
2168:
2107:
2101:
2071:
2066:
2018:
2012:
1977:Popular Science
1966:Wayback Machine
1945:
1872:
1870:Further reading
1859:
1857:
1837:
1803:. Vol. II.
1776:
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632:
575:spin-stabilized
426:
379:Hsue-Shen Tsien
321:
297:sounding rocket
285:
247:
190:
176:Propellant mass
56:Sounding rocket
48:
24:
17:
16:Sounding rocket
12:
11:
5:
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2176:
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2100:
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2065:
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2059:
2054:
2049:
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2039:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1968:
1956:
1951:
1944:
1943:External links
1941:
1940:
1939:
1922:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1871:
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1841:
1835:
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1695:
1682:
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1660:
1659:
1634:
1632:, p. 165.
1622:
1620:, p. 169.
1610:
1598:
1596:, p. 375.
1586:
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1574:
1562:
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1535:
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1511:
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1475:
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1388:
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1376:
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1296:
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1209:
1207:, p. 161.
1190:
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1142:
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1103:
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1052:
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1022:
1007:
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995:
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789:Loaded weight:
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749:
746:Loaded weight:
741:
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719:
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716:Specifications
714:
693:
690:
631:
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614:
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588:Cape Canaveral
570:Bumper program
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241:Maximum thrust
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184:Maximum thrust
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137:Cape Canaveral
130:
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116:Launch history
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21:MGM-5 Corporal
15:
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2052:Baby Sergeant
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2024:
2021:
2016:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1979:. p. 66.
1978:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1904:Malina, F. J.
1901:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1855:
1851:
1847:
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1836:1-56347-649-5
1832:
1828:
1823:
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1798:
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1793:Malina, Frank
1790:
1786:
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1696:0-387-94137-1
1692:
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1676:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1652:
1645:
1642:NASA (2001).
1638:
1631:
1626:
1619:
1618:DeVorkin 1992
1614:
1608:, p. 15.
1607:
1602:
1595:
1590:
1583:
1578:
1571:
1566:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1544:
1543:DeVorkin 1992
1539:
1533:, p. 27.
1532:
1527:
1520:
1515:
1509:, p. 25.
1508:
1503:
1496:
1495:DeVorkin 1992
1491:
1484:
1479:
1473:, p. 51.
1472:
1467:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1445:
1440:
1434:, p. 98.
1433:
1428:
1422:, p. 92.
1421:
1416:
1410:, p. 50.
1409:
1404:
1397:
1392:
1385:
1380:
1374:, p. 76.
1373:
1368:
1362:, p. 41.
1361:
1356:
1350:, p. 40.
1349:
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1338:, p. 63.
1337:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1321:, p. 61.
1320:
1315:
1313:
1305:
1300:
1291:
1284:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1255:, p. 59.
1254:
1249:
1242:
1237:
1231:, p. 58.
1230:
1225:
1218:
1213:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1187:
1182:
1176:, p. 29.
1175:
1170:
1164:, p. 53.
1163:
1158:
1151:
1146:
1140:, p. 56.
1139:
1134:
1128:, p. 55.
1127:
1122:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1101:, p. 50.
1100:
1095:
1093:
1085:
1080:
1074:, p. 44.
1073:
1068:
1061:
1056:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1020:, p. 16.
1019:
1014:
1012:
1004:
999:
989:
982:
977:
970:
965:
959:, p. 43.
958:
953:
947:, p. 42.
946:
941:
939:
932:, p. 11.
931:
926:
924:
917:, p. 14.
916:
911:
904:
899:
892:
887:
880:
875:
866:
862:
858:
852:
850:
842:
837:
830:. NASA. 1971.
829:
823:
819:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
783:Empty weight:
781:
780:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
743:
734:
733:Total length:
731:
728:
725:
724:
713:
711:
710:Aviation Week
707:
706:Aviation Week
703:
702:Aviation Week
698:
689:
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364:
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351:
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344:
342:
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337:Edward Forman
334:
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316:
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154:July 29, 1950
153:
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82:United States
81:
77:
74:
70:
66:
63:
59:
55:
51:
46:
42:
37:
32:
26:
22:
2635:Not assigned
2214:
2118:
2042:WAC Corporal
2041:
1976:
1926:
1908:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1858:. Retrieved
1854:the original
1849:
1826:
1809:
1800:
1779:cite journal
1767:. Retrieved
1750:
1746:
1723:
1714:
1705:
1686:
1673:
1651:the original
1637:
1625:
1613:
1606:Kennedy 2009
1601:
1589:
1577:
1565:
1538:
1526:
1519:Kennedy 2009
1514:
1502:
1490:
1478:
1471:Kennedy 2009
1466:
1439:
1427:
1415:
1408:Kennedy 2009
1403:
1391:
1384:Kennedy 2009
1379:
1367:
1360:Kennedy 2009
1355:
1348:Kennedy 2009
1343:
1299:
1290:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1248:
1236:
1229:Kennedy 2009
1224:
1212:
1205:Kennedy 2009
1181:
1174:Kennedy 2009
1169:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1121:
1079:
1067:
1055:
998:
988:
983:, p. 6.
976:
971:, p. 3.
964:
952:
915:Kennedy 2009
910:
898:
893:, p. 7.
891:Kennedy 2009
886:
874:
856:
843:, p. 7.
836:
822:
806:
800:
794:
788:
782:
769:
763:
757:
751:
745:
732:
726:
709:
705:
701:
699:
695:
666:
655:
625:
596:
567:
511:
490:
455:
427:
415:
403:
383:
376:
363:Signal Corps
352:
348:World War II
345:
333:Jack Parsons
329:Frank Malina
322:
293:WAC Corporal
292:
290:
143:First flight
129:Launch sites
61:Manufacturer
45:Frank Malina
29:WAC Corporal
25:
1860:November 8,
1630:Eckles 2013
1594:Sutton 2006
1582:Sutton 2006
1558:Sutton 2006
1304:Malina 1972
1283:Malina 1972
1241:Malina 1972
1217:Eckles 2013
1150:Malina 1972
1114:Malina 1972
1084:Malina 1972
1060:Sutton 2006
1048:Sutton 2006
1033:Malina 1972
1003:Malina 1972
903:Sutton 2006
879:Landis 2005
684:and in the
670:AJ10 series
580:White Sands
151:Last flight
2652:Categories
1920:. CP 2014.
1665:References
1531:Rosen 1955
1507:Rosen 1955
1483:Bragg 1961
1459:Bragg 1961
1444:Bragg 1961
1432:Bragg 1961
1420:Bragg 1961
1396:Bragg 1961
1372:Bragg 1961
1336:Bragg 1961
1319:Bragg 1961
1253:Bragg 1961
1186:Bragg 1961
1162:Bragg 1961
1138:Bragg 1961
1126:Bragg 1961
1099:Bragg 1961
1072:Bragg 1961
1018:Zibit 1999
981:Zibit 1999
969:Zibit 1999
957:Bragg 1961
945:Bragg 1961
930:Zibit 1999
841:Bragg 1961
411:radiosonde
386:hypergolic
261:Propellant
256:47 seconds
233:Powered by
225:Gross mass
217:Empty mass
204:Propellant
199:.6 seconds
168:Gross mass
2623:Ping-Pong
2062:Shavetail
2015:U.S. Army
801:Duration:
764:Duration:
727:Diameter:
413:payload.
406:monocoque
253:Burn time
196:Burn time
43:director
2345:SSM-A-27
2335:SAM-A-25
2325:SSM-A-23
2305:SAM-A-19
2300:SAM-A-18
2295:SSM-A-17
2290:SSM-A-16
2285:SSM-A-15
2280:SSM-A-14
2275:SSM-A-13
2270:SSM-A-12
2199:SSM-G-17
2194:SSM-G-16
2189:SSM-G-15
2184:SSM-G-14
2179:SSM-G-13
2174:SSM-G-12
2164:RTV-G-10
2057:Sergeant
2047:Corporal
2032:Yardbird
1962:Archived
1818:19556592
1795:(1972).
1769:July 21,
1755:Sigma Xi
807:Impulse:
770:Impulse:
398:Tiny Tim
311:and the
100:Diameter
53:Function
2613:Dervish
2320:RV-A-22
2260:RV-A-10
2255:SSM-A-9
2245:SAM-A-7
2159:SSM-G-9
2154:SSM-G-8
2149:SAM-G-7
2144:RTV-G-6
2139:CTV-G-5
2134:RTV-G-4
2129:RTV-G-3
2124:RTV-G-2
2119:RTV-G-1
2037:Private
2027:Recruit
1935:55-6592
1918:5354560
1896:Rockets
795:Thrust:
758:Thrust:
424:Testing
370:of the
355:Private
341:Aerojet
124:Retired
73:Aerojet
2618:Lobber
2250:RV-A-8
2240:RV-A-6
2235:RV-A-5
2230:RV-A-4
2225:RV-A-3
2220:RV-A-2
2215:RV-A-1
1933:
1916:
1833:
1816:
1730:
1693:
592:Mach 7
443:Hermes
439:Viking
335:, and
121:Status
108:Stages
92:Height
1850:OLATS
1753:(4).
1678:(PDF)
1654:(PDF)
1647:(PDF)
814:Notes
766:0.6 s
662:8,000
280:[
207:solid
2340:A-26
2330:A-24
2315:A-21
2310:A-20
2265:G-11
2169:G-11
1931:LCCN
1914:OCLC
1862:2019
1831:ISBN
1814:LCCN
1785:link
1771:2023
1728:ISBN
1691:ISBN
803:47 s
692:Name
660:US$
441:and
291:The
265:RFNA
87:Size
2597:M74
2592:M73
2587:M72
2582:M61
2577:M60
2572:M55
2567:M51
2562:M50
2557:M47
2552:M31
2547:M30
2542:M29
2537:M28
2532:M27
2527:M26
2522:M25
2517:M21
2512:M20
2507:M17
2502:M16
2497:M12
2492:M10
2451:M19
2446:M18
2441:M17
2436:M16
2431:M15
2426:M14
2421:M13
2416:M12
2411:M11
2406:M10
1759:doi
993:356
869:p11
861:doi
494:JPL
435:V-2
71:,
69:JPL
41:JPL
2654::
2487:M9
2482:M8
2477:M7
2472:M6
2467:M2
2401:M9
2396:M8
2391:M7
2386:M6
2381:M5
2376:M4
2371:M3
2366:M2
2361:M1
1975:.
1848:.
1781:}}
1777:{{
1757:.
1751:93
1749:.
1745:.
1550:^
1451:^
1326:^
1311:^
1193:^
1106:^
1091:^
1040:^
1025:^
1010:^
937:^
922:^
848:^
688:.
437:,
343:.
331:,
267:+
135:,
67:,
2096:e
2089:t
2082:v
2007:e
2000:t
1993:v
1937:.
1864:.
1839:.
1820:.
1787:)
1773:.
1761::
1736:.
1699:.
1497:.
881:.
867:.
863::
284:]
248:)
246:f
191:)
189:f
111:1
23:.
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