33:
168:
410:, Louisiana, on a mission to transport cruise missiles for decommissioning. It was not discovered that the six missiles had nuclear warheads until the plane landed at Barksdale, leaving the warheads unaccounted for, for over 36 hours. 5th Bomb Wing failed its nuclear surety inspection in late May 2008. 2nd Bomb Wing from Barksdale Air Force Base took over the role until the wing was recertified on 15 August 2008.
286:. The main design differences are presumably a smaller secondary producing only 150 kilotonnes of TNT (630 TJ) yield (the B61 producing a maximum of 170 kilotonnes of TNT (710 TJ) in the tactical variants and 340 kilotonnes of TNT (1,400 TJ) in the strategic variants) and simplification of the design giving the weapon only two yield settings; 5 and 150 kilotonnes of TNT (21 and 628 TJ).
160:
631:
The W80 Life
Extension Program to refurbish these warheads is now assigned to Livermore and Sandia laboratories, which will be responsible for the modified design. These laboratories will be responsible for assuring the safety, reliability and performance of the refurbished W80 warheads, Mods 2 and
372:
Production of the W80 was completed by
September 1990, although the exact date at which the respective Mod 0 and Mod 1 runs ended is not clear. A total of 1750 Mod 1 and 367 Mod 0 devices were delivered; 1,000 Mod 1 devices were deployed on the original ALCM, another 400 on the later
422:
cruise missile. The first production unit is expected to be completed in 2027. According to public descriptions of the program, the warhead will offer no increased military capability, only refurbishing and updating components, and increasing weapon safety and reliability.
297:) to arm the ALCM started in January 1979, and a number of warheads had been completed by January 1981 when the first low-temperature test was carried out. To everyone's surprise the test delivered a much lower yield than was expected, apparently due to problems in the
368:
crew members routinely operate in proximity to stored weapons in torpedo rooms, in contrast to the air force where exposure to warheads is relatively brief. The first models were delivered in
December 1983 and the Mod 0 went into full production in March 1984.
849:"Statement of Ms. Madelyn Creedon Principal Deputy Administrator National Nuclear Security Administration U.S. Department of Energy on the Long Range Stand-Off Program Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development Senate Committee on Appropriations"
363:
and therefore buildup of alternate isotope products such as Pu-240 in the rod, and also by consequence is considerably more expensive to produce, needing far more rods irradiated and processed for a given amount of plutonium.
825:
889:
The FY2022 budget also includes funding for another alteration to the W80-4 warhead, known as theW80-4 ALT-SLCM. The Navy would deploy this warhead on a new sea-launched cruise missile (SLCM) later in the
821:
261:
250-pound (110 kg) bomb, 11.8 inches (30 cm) in diameter and 31.4 inches (80 cm) long, and only slightly heavier at about 290 pounds (130 kg).
1018:
388:
only 400 ACMs would have retained their nuclear warheads, and the rest would have been converted to CALCMs and their warheads removed to the inactive stockpile.
855:
397:
418:
In 2014, a life extension program (LEP) for the W80-1 was started and the LEP warhead was given the W80-4 designation. The warhead will be used on the new
1916:
756:
733:
799:
1911:
664:
1011:
698:
380:
Some of the original ALCMs would later have their mod 1 warheads removed and instead be fitted with conventional warheads producing the
626:
884:
231:
940:
1004:
73:
903:
1812:
1332:
1386:
1359:
1380:
1364:
659:
1374:
975:
632:
3, as well as any potential future mods — Mod 2 will be the refurbished Navy warhead and Mod 3 the Air Force version.
309:, and production of all weapons was suspended while a solution was worked on. Production restarted in February 1982.
402:
On August 30, 2007, six cruise missiles armed with W80-1 warheads were mistakenly loaded onto a B-52 and flown from
848:
1638:
1369:
1027:
430:
variant of the warhead, for use on a new US Navy sea-launched cruise missile to be deployed in the late 2020s.
275:
238:
69:
1302:
1297:
766:
324:) used "supergrade" fission fuel, which has less radioactivity, in the primary in place of the conventional
1738:
789:
1864:
1349:
302:
721:
1859:
483:
651:
1854:
1849:
1124:
407:
1215:
1839:
1062:
598:
1880:
1844:
278:
began development on the W80 in June 1976, with the brief of producing a custom weapon for the
242:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1708:
1683:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1633:
1613:
1603:
1598:
1568:
1558:
1327:
1322:
1307:
1220:
1210:
1205:
1195:
1185:
1180:
690:
180:
1573:
1548:
1543:
1471:
1466:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1401:
1292:
1261:
1175:
1170:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
403:
223:
8:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
345:
618:
960:
880:
184:
971:
936:
991:
1608:
1583:
1578:
1553:
1527:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1461:
1276:
1134:
911:
313:
283:
219:
215:
426:
In FY2022, the
National Nuclear Security Administration requested funding for the
305:
used to fire the primary. This problem turned out to affect several models of the
1271:
1129:
360:
341:
254:
996:
312:
In March 1982, designers began working on a W80 variant intended for the Navy's
1035:
794:
761:
279:
195:
188:
46:
1905:
1048:
904:"US Navy Instruction Confirms Retirement of Nuclear Tomahawk Cruise Missile"
883:(Report). Congressional Research Service. 14 March 2022. p. 8. R44442.
1758:
583:
419:
258:
207:
1266:
822:"W80-4: Sandia California works on nuclear weapon Life Extension Program"
514:
510:
203:
282:
then under construction. With "the basic design" being derived from the
1056:
881:
Energy and Water
Development Appropriations: Nuclear Weapons Activities
486:. Warhead used supergrade plutonium due to weapon's proximity to crew.
306:
355:
that have been irradiated a very short time as measured in MW-Day/Ton
32:
365:
325:
191:("dial-a-yield") of 5 or 150 kilotonnes of TNT (21 or 628 TJ).
167:
1890:
1885:
385:
352:
329:
1068:
374:
348:
211:
356:
337:
333:
199:
582:
Life extension program for W80-1. Warhead will be used on new
332:
for plutonium alloy bearing an exceptionally high fraction of
1563:
961:
W80 information from Cary
Sublette's NuclearWeaponArchive.org
968:
Nuclear
Weapons of the United States: An Illustrated History
359:. Such low irradiation times limit the amount of additional
159:
298:
218:. It is essentially a modification of the widely deployed
328:
used in the Air Force's version. "Supergrade" is industry
1818:
1795:
1744:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1703:
1693:
1688:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1643:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1593:
1588:
1338:
1317:
1312:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1200:
1190:
584:
AGM-181 Long Range Stand Off Weapon (LRSO) cruise missile
227:
222:
weapon, which forms the basis of most of the current US
937:"W80-1 Warhead Selected For New Nuclear Cruise Missile"
398:
2007 United States Air Force nuclear weapons incident
559:
Life extension program for W80-1, cancelled in 2006
538:
Life extension program for W80-0, cancelled in 2006
1026:
757:"Minot's 5th Bomb Wing flunks nuclear inspection"
1903:
689:Norris, Robert; Arkin, William (November 1990).
391:
503:5 or 150 kilotonnes of TNT (21 or 628 TJ)
476:5 or 150 kilotonnes of TNT (21 or 628 TJ)
413:
153:5 or 150 kilotonnes of TNT (21 or 628 TJ)
1012:
198:and is the warhead used in all nuclear-armed
226:of nuclear gravity bombs. The very similar
688:
257:itself is about the size of a conventional
1917:Military equipment introduced in the 1970s
1019:
1005:
901:
646:
644:
642:
640:
179:is a low to intermediate yield two-stage
790:"Minot nuke handlers pass re-inspection"
336:(>95%), leaving a very low amount of
166:
158:
992:W80 information from globalsecurity.org
846:
787:
754:
253:The W80 is physically quite small: the
232:BGM-109G Ground Launched Cruise Missile
171:W80 Mod 4 warhead for the LRSO program.
1904:
965:
931:
929:
637:
629:from the original on 5 February 2022.
623:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
74:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
1912:Nuclear warheads of the United States
1000:
902:Kristensen, Hans M. (18 March 2013).
861:from the original on 29 December 2016
828:from the original on 28 December 2016
719:
701:from the original on 1 September 2021
713:
670:from the original on 2 December 2023
509:First production units. Warhead for
344:emitter in addition to being a high
269:
230:warhead was deployed on the retired
1387:Tactical Atomic Demolition Munition
926:
887:from the original on 10 June 2021.
802:from the original on 2 January 2013
788:Hoffman, Michael (16 August 2008).
619:"Fusion of lab efforts on W80 work"
13:
1381:Special Atomic Demolition Munition
736:from the original on 24 March 2019
660:United States Department of Energy
377:, and 350 Mod 0s on the Tomahawk.
351:. Such plutonium is produced from
194:It was designed for deployment on
14:
1928:
1375:Medium Atomic Demolition Munition
985:
908:Federation of American Scientists
847:Creedon, Madelyn (13 July 2016).
695:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
943:from the original on 5 June 2020
755:Hoffman, Michael (30 May 2008).
484:BGM-109A Tomahawk TLAM-N missile
31:
895:
873:
840:
814:
781:
748:
682:
652:"W80-4 Life Extension Program"
611:
276:Los Alamos National Laboratory
239:Los Alamos National Laboratory
97:
70:Los Alamos National Laboratory
1:
1028:United States nuclear devices
604:
586:currently under development.
392:2007 nuclear weapons incident
248:
1739:Reliable Replacement Warhead
414:W80-4 Refurbishment and LRSO
7:
592:
303:insensitive high explosives
10:
1933:
497:September 1981 to present
395:
264:
1873:
1832:
1805:
1768:
1757:
1536:
1520:
1409:
1400:
1348:
1285:
1254:
1143:
1047:
1034:
966:Gibson, James N. (2000).
720:Gross, Daniel A. (2016).
546:Never entered production
525:Never entered production
206:missiles deployed by the
149:
144:
140:11.8 in (30 cm)
136:
128:
124:290 lb (130 kg)
120:
115:
107:
96:
88:
80:
65:
60:
53:Place of origin
52:
42:
30:
23:
408:Barksdale Air Force Base
132:31.4 inches (80 cm)
970:. Schiffer Publishing.
599:List of nuclear weapons
433:
573:More than 500 planned
243:Los Alamos, New Mexico
172:
164:
470:1984 to approx. 2011
183:deployed by the U.S.
181:thermonuclear warhead
170:
162:
37:A W80 nuclear warhead
691:"Swords into Swords"
404:Minot Air Force Base
25:W80 nuclear warhead
939:. 10 October 2014.
824:. 14 October 2015.
406:, North Dakota, to
346:spontaneous fission
237:It was designed at
384:conversion. Under
289:Production of the
185:enduring stockpile
173:
165:
61:Production history
1899:
1898:
1828:
1827:
1753:
1752:
1396:
1395:
1350:Atomic demolition
663:. November 2023.
625:. 20 April 2001.
590:
589:
517:cruise missiles.
270:Early development
163:W80 Mod 1 warhead
157:
156:
1924:
1766:
1765:
1407:
1406:
1045:
1044:
1021:
1014:
1007:
998:
997:
981:
953:
952:
950:
948:
933:
924:
923:
921:
919:
910:. Archived from
899:
893:
892:
877:
871:
870:
868:
866:
860:
853:
844:
838:
837:
835:
833:
818:
812:
811:
809:
807:
785:
779:
778:
776:
774:
765:. Archived from
752:
746:
745:
743:
741:
717:
711:
710:
708:
706:
686:
680:
679:
677:
675:
669:
656:
648:
635:
634:
615:
450:Number produced
438:
437:
216:BGM-109 Tomahawk
150:Blast yield
99:
35:
26:
21:
20:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1869:
1824:
1801:
1760:
1749:
1532:
1516:
1392:
1351:
1344:
1281:
1250:
1139:
1039:
1037:
1030:
1025:
988:
978:
957:
956:
946:
944:
935:
934:
927:
917:
915:
900:
896:
879:
878:
874:
864:
862:
858:
851:
845:
841:
831:
829:
820:
819:
815:
805:
803:
786:
782:
772:
770:
753:
749:
739:
737:
722:"An Aging Army"
718:
714:
704:
702:
687:
683:
673:
671:
667:
654:
650:
649:
638:
617:
616:
612:
607:
595:
567:In development
467:All dismantled
436:
416:
400:
394:
361:neutron capture
280:cruise missiles
272:
267:
255:physics package
251:
196:cruise missiles
145:
38:
24:
19:
12:
11:
5:
1930:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1833:Primary stages
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1816:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1763:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1053:
1051:
1042:
1032:
1031:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1001:
995:
994:
987:
986:External links
984:
983:
982:
976:
963:
955:
954:
925:
914:on 9 July 2014
894:
872:
839:
813:
795:Military Times
780:
769:on 3 June 2008
762:Military Times
747:
712:
681:
636:
609:
608:
606:
603:
602:
601:
594:
591:
588:
587:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
561:
560:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
540:
539:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
519:
518:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
488:
487:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
461:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
435:
432:
428:W80-4 ALT-SLCM
415:
412:
396:Main article:
393:
390:
307:B61-based line
271:
268:
266:
263:
250:
247:
189:variable yield
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
116:Specifications
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
101:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
67:
63:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
47:Nuclear weapon
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
18:Nuclear weapon
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1929:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1756:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:Gravity bombs
1408:
1405:
1403:
1402:Thermonuclear
1399:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1347:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
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1049:Gravity bombs
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977:0-7643-0063-6
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726:Distillations
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570:2027 onwards
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56:United States
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1874:Experimental
1698:
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945:. Retrieved
916:. Retrieved
912:the original
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863:. Retrieved
842:
830:. Retrieved
816:
804:. Retrieved
793:
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771:. Retrieved
767:the original
760:
750:
738:. Retrieved
732:(1): 26–36.
729:
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715:
705:20 September
703:. Retrieved
694:
684:
672:. Retrieved
658:
630:
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482:Warhead for
427:
425:
420:AGM-181 LRSO
417:
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381:
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321:
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294:
290:
288:
273:
252:
236:
208:US Air Force
193:
176:
174:
92:January 1979
15:
1521:Depth bombs
1255:Depth bombs
865:27 December
832:27 December
515:AGM-129 ACM
511:AGM-86 ALCM
494:In service
340:which is a
100: built
76:(W80-2,3,4)
72:(W80-0,1),
1906:Categories
1057:Little Boy
1038:(including
674:16 January
605:References
249:Dimensions
1806:Artillery
1761:radiation
1352:munitions
1286:Artillery
918:25 August
806:18 August
456:PAL type
366:Submarine
353:fuel rods
326:plutonium
318:W80 mod 0
291:W80 mod 1
224:stockpile
84:June 1976
1891:RACER IV
1865:Starling
1769:Warheads
1759:Enhanced
1537:Warheads
1144:Warheads
1071:(Mark 3)
1065:(Mark 2)
1063:Thin Man
1059:(Mark 1)
1040:boosted)
941:Archived
885:Archived
856:Archived
826:Archived
800:Archived
740:22 March
734:Archived
699:Archived
665:Archived
627:Archived
593:See also
579:Unknown
576:Unknown
386:START II
330:parlance
314:Tomahawk
137:Diameter
108:Variants
89:Produced
81:Designed
66:Designer
1886:Sausage
1860:Kinglet
1472:Mark 39
1467:Mark 36
1457:Mark 27
1452:Mark 26
1447:Mark 24
1437:Mark 21
1432:Mark 17
1422:Mark 15
1417:Mark 14
1360:XM1 ADM
1262:Mark 90
1125:Mark 20
1120:Mark 18
1115:Mark 13
1110:Mark 12
1105:Mark 11
1100:Mark 10
1069:Fat Man
1036:Fission
947:8 March
890:decade.
453:Yields
444:Status
349:isotope
265:History
212:US Navy
187:with a
1881:Gadget
1855:Tsetse
1850:Python
1389:(TADM)
1383:(SADM)
1377:(MADM)
1365:T2 ADM
1272:Mk 105
1267:Mk 101
1130:Mk 105
1095:Mark 8
1090:Mark 7
1085:Mark 6
1080:Mark 5
1075:Mark 4
974:
773:1 June
697:: 15.
556:Cat D
535:Cat D
506:Cat D
479:Cat D
459:Notes
357:burnup
338:Pu-240
334:Pu-239
301:based
129:Length
1840:Robin
1741:(RRW)
1584:XW-46
1564:XW-35
1241:W76-2
1226:XW-51
859:(PDF)
852:(PDF)
668:(PDF)
655:(PDF)
500:1750
447:Date
382:CALCM
342:gamma
322:W80-0
295:W80-1
259:Mk.81
1845:Swan
1559:TX29
1487:TX46
1442:TX22
1427:TX16
972:ISBN
949:2020
920:2023
867:2016
834:2016
808:2008
775:2008
742:2018
707:2020
676:2024
513:and
473:367
441:Mod
434:Mods
299:TATB
274:The
202:and
200:ALCM
175:The
121:Mass
103:2117
43:Type
1819:W82
1813:W79
1796:W70
1791:W66
1786:W65
1781:W64
1776:W63
1745:W93
1734:W91
1729:W89
1724:W88
1719:W87
1714:W86
1709:W85
1704:W84
1699:W80
1694:W78
1689:W76
1684:W73
1679:W71
1674:W70
1669:W69
1664:W68
1659:W67
1654:W64
1649:W63
1644:W62
1639:W61
1634:W60
1629:W59
1624:W58
1619:W56
1614:W55
1609:W53
1604:W52
1599:W50
1594:W49
1589:W47
1579:W41
1574:W39
1569:W38
1554:W28
1549:W27
1544:W15
1528:B90
1512:B90
1507:B83
1502:B77
1497:B61
1492:B53
1482:B43
1477:B41
1462:B28
1339:W82
1333:W79
1328:W75
1323:W74
1318:W54
1313:W48
1308:W33
1303:W23
1298:W19
1277:B57
1246:W81
1236:W72
1231:W54
1221:W45
1216:W44
1211:W42
1206:W40
1201:W37
1196:W34
1191:W31
1186:W30
1181:W25
1176:W13
1171:W12
1135:B57
375:ACM
284:B61
241:in
228:W84
220:B61
214:'s
204:ACM
177:W80
98:No.
1908::
1821:-0
1815:-0
1798:-3
1370:T4
1341:-1
1335:-1
1293:W9
1166:W8
1161:W7
1156:W5
1151:W4
928:^
906:.
854:.
798:.
792:.
759:.
728:.
724:.
693:.
657:.
639:^
621:.
564:4
551:0
543:3
530:0
522:2
491:1
464:0
245:.
234:.
1020:e
1013:t
1006:v
980:.
951:.
922:.
869:.
836:.
810:.
777:.
744:.
730:2
709:.
678:.
320:(
293:(
111:5
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